MD166Y - Composite material and process for the obtaining thereof - Google Patents
Composite material and process for the obtaining thereof Download PDFInfo
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- MD166Y MD166Y MDS20090205A MDS20090205A MD166Y MD 166 Y MD166 Y MD 166Y MD S20090205 A MDS20090205 A MD S20090205A MD S20090205 A MDS20090205 A MD S20090205A MD 166 Y MD166 Y MD 166Y
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- fullerene
- mixture
- composite material
- waste
- drying
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000872198 Serjania polyphylla Species 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 polyethylene phthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- ATLMFJTZZPOKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N C70 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C(C3=C4C5=C67)C8=C9C%10=C%11C%12=C%13C(C%14=C%15C%16=%17)=C%18C%19=C%20C%21=C%22C%23=C%24C%21=C%21C(C=%25%26)=C%20C%18=C%12C%26=C%10C8=C4C=%25C%21=C5C%24=C6C(C4=C56)=C%23C5=C5C%22=C%19C%14=C5C=%17C6=C5C6=C4C7=C3C1=C6C1=C5C%16=C3C%15=C%13C%11=C4C9=C2C1=C34 ATLMFJTZZPOKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002209 Crumb rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101100369915 Drosophila melanogaster stas gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Abstract
Inventia se refera la domeniul prelucrarii materialelor polimere, care pot fi utilizate in industria constructiilor la fabricarea blocurilor de constructie, de fundatie si de perete, placilor de planseu, dalelor de pavaj, precum si imbracamintei rutiere. Este revendicat un material compozit ce contine deseuri prelucrate si macinate ale materialelor polimere, faramatura de cauciuc, umplutura in forma de diverse deseuri ale prelucrarii lemnului, metalelor, deseurilor industriei cimentului si un adaos cu continut de carbon C2n, in care n este nu mai mic de 30, si anume fulerena Ń60 sau Ń70 sau negru de fum de fulerena cu fulerena partial extrasa. Procedeul de obtinere a materialului compozit, conform inventiei, prevede prelucrarea mecanica a polimerilor, uscarea, extrudarea cu obtinerea granulelor de material polimer de 3…30 mm, amestecarea lui in cel putin doua camere-dozatoare de uscare cu o umplutura premacinata si faramatura de cauciuc, extrudarea amestecului cu marirea temperaturii lui, apoi la iesirea din extruder amestecul se aliaza cu fulerena sau negru de fum de fulerena la temperatura de 120…200°C, dupa care amestecul obtinut se preseaza si se raceste.The invention relates to the field of processing of polymeric materials, which can be used in the construction industry in the manufacture of building, foundation and wall blocks, floor tiles, paving slabs, as well as road pavement. It is claimed a composite material containing processed and ground waste of polymeric materials, rubber crumb, filling in the form of various wastes of wood processing, metals, cement industry waste and an addition of carbon content C2n, in which n is not less of 30, namely fullerene Ń60 or Ń70 or fullerene smoke black with fullerene partially extracted. The process for obtaining the composite material, according to the invention, provides mechanical processing of polymers, drying, extrusion to obtain granules of polymer material of 3… 30 mm, mixing it in at least two drying dosing chambers with a premixed filling and rubber crumb , extruding the mixture with increasing its temperature, then at the exit of the extruder the mixture is allied with fullerene or fullerene carbon black at a temperature of 120… 200 ° C, after which the obtained mixture is pressed and cooled.
Description
Invenţia se referă la domeniul prelucrării materialelor polimere, care pot fi utilizate în industria construcţiilor la fabricarea blocurilor de construcţie, de fundaţie şi de perete, plăcilor de planşeu, dalelor de pavaj, precum şi îmbrăcămintei rutiere. The invention relates to the field of processing polymer materials, which can be used in the construction industry for the manufacture of building, foundation and wall blocks, floor slabs, paving slabs, as well as road surfacing.
Progresul tehnico-ştiinţific conduce la acumularea accelerată atât a diverselor produse ale industriei ieşite din întrebuinţare, cât şi a deşeurilor menajere ale activităţii vitale a omului din materiale polimere cu diversă compoziţie chimică. Technical and scientific progress leads to the accelerated accumulation of various obsolete industrial products and household waste from human life made of polymer materials with diverse chemical composition.
Acumularea necontrolată a acestor produse agravează situaţia ecologică, deoarece nu toate materialele polimere se supun distrugerii naturale. Distrugerea lor artificială conduce de asemenea la poluarea mediului înconjurător. The uncontrolled accumulation of these products worsens the ecological situation, since not all polymer materials undergo natural destruction. Their artificial destruction also leads to environmental pollution.
Se cunoaşte un material compozit în baza deşeurilor polimere şi un procedeu de obţinere a acestuia. Materialul conţine deşeuri nesortate şi premăcinate ale materialelor termoplastice, polietilenă de presiune înaltă, polietilenă de presiune joasă în cantitate de 10…50% din masă şi restul argilă. Umiditatea argilei este de 8…12%. A composite material based on polymer waste and a process for its production are known. The material contains unsorted and pre-ground waste of thermoplastic materials, high-pressure polyethylene, low-pressure polyethylene in an amount of 10…50% by mass and the rest clay. The clay humidity is 8…12%.
Procedeul prevede amestecarea a două componente, amestecul obţinut se amplasează într-o matriţă de formă necesară, după care amestecul se presează în presa hidraulică la o presiune specifică de 10 MPa. Materialul obţinut se usucă la temperatura camerei, apoi se supune arderii. Viteza de creştere a temperaturii constituie 20°C/min, iar durata de menţinere la temperatura de topire a polimerului este de 90…180 min în dependenţă de dimensiunile produsului [1]. The process involves mixing two components, placing the resulting mixture in a mold of the required shape, after which the mixture is pressed in a hydraulic press at a specific pressure of 10 MPa. The resulting material is dried at room temperature, then subjected to combustion. The temperature increase rate is 20°C/min, and the holding time at the polymer melting temperature is 90…180 min depending on the product dimensions [1].
Materialul compozit şi procedeul de obţinere a acestuia prezintă o serie de dezavantaje care constau în aceea că procedeul nu asigură o duritate suficientă a materialului compozit obţinut, are o rezistenţă redusă la şoc, comprimare şi încovoiere. Materialul obţinut nu poate fi folosit nici la fabricarea dalelor de pavaj, nici la producerea ori reparaţia îmbrăcămintei rutiere. The composite material and the process for its production have a number of disadvantages, which consist in the fact that the process does not ensure sufficient hardness of the composite material obtained, it has a low resistance to shock, compression and bending. The material obtained cannot be used either for the manufacture of paving slabs, or for the production or repair of road surfaces.
Soluţia cea mai apropiată este un material compozit şi procedeul de obţinere a acestuia, care include utilizarea în calitate de materie primă iniţială a unor diverse materiale polimere cu grad de densitate şi compoziţie chimică diferite, iar în calitate de umplutură: deşeuri menajere, hârtie, carton, deşeuri de la prelucrarea metalelor şi lemnului, fărâmătură de cauciuc, precum şi alte deşeuri măcinate. În calitate de liant se foloseşte un component gras, care este ales din acizii graşi - diverse amestecuri ce conţin acizi de origine naturală sau sintetică. The closest solution is a composite material and the process of its production, which includes the use of various polymer materials with different density and chemical composition as the initial raw material, and as fillers: household waste, paper, cardboard, waste from metal and wood processing, rubber crumb, as well as other ground waste. A fatty component is used as a binder, which is selected from fatty acids - various mixtures containing acids of natural or synthetic origin.
În calitate de component gras aplicat este folosit uleiul de in sau porumb. Linseed or corn oil is used as the applied fatty component.
Procedeul de utilizare a deşeurilor prevede amestecarea materialului polimer cu un material adiţional şi un component gras, după care se efectuează amestecarea mecanică şi tratamentul termic al masei cu respectarea unui regim termic de 60…130°C în primul stadiu, 130…180°C în al doilea stadiu şi 160…380°C în al treilea stadiu; tratamentul termic se efectuează pentru o masă compusă din particule cu diametrul de 1…5 mm [2]. The waste utilization process involves mixing the polymer material with an additional material and a fatty component, followed by mechanical mixing and heat treatment of the mass, observing a thermal regime of 60…130°C in the first stage, 130…180°C in the second stage and 160…380°C in the third stage; heat treatment is performed for a mass composed of particles with a diameter of 1…5 mm [2].
Dezavantajele materialului compozit şi ale procedeului de obţinere a acestuia constau în următoarele: produsele obţinute prin fasonare nu fac parte din produsele faţă de care se impun cerinţe înalte de durabilitate şi rezistenţă la uzură. În afară de aceasta, uleiul de in şi cel de porumb, care sunt produse folosite în alimentaţia omului sunt destul de costisitoare, ceea ce contribuie la scumpirea materialului compozit. La scumpirea materialului compozit obţinut contribuie de asemenea şi consumul considerabil de energie. The disadvantages of the composite material and the process of its production are the following: the products obtained by shaping are not among the products for which high requirements are imposed on durability and wear resistance. In addition, linseed oil and corn oil, which are products used in human nutrition, are quite expensive, which contributes to the increase in the price of the composite material. The considerable energy consumption also contributes to the increase in the price of the composite material obtained.
Problema pe care o rezolvă invenţia este obţinerea unui material compozit ieftin, caracterizat prin proprietăţi fizico-mecanice înalte, în special prin durabilitate şi rezistenţă înaltă la uzură. Din materialul compozit revendicat pot fi obţinute o serie de produse ce dispun de aceste proprietăţi, de exemplu: parchet, table de masă, scândură, materiale pentru structuri portante faţă de care se impun cerinţe înalte în ceea ce priveşte rezistenţa la uzură, de exemplu, materialele de construcţie - diverse plăci, dale de pavaj, îmbrăcăminte rutieră. The problem solved by the invention is to obtain a cheap composite material, characterized by high physical and mechanical properties, in particular by durability and high wear resistance. A series of products with these properties can be obtained from the claimed composite material, for example: parquet, table tops, planks, materials for load-bearing structures to which high requirements are imposed in terms of wear resistance, for example, construction materials - various boards, paving slabs, road surfacing.
Invenţia soluţionează problema prin aceea că materialul compozit conţine deşeuri prelucrate şi măcinate ale materialelor polimere, fărâmătură de cauciuc, umplutură în formă de diverse deşeuri ale prelucrării lemnului, metalelor, deşeuri ale industriei cimentului şi un adaos cu conţinut de carbon C2n, în care n este nu mai mic de 30, în următorul raport al componentelor, în % de masă: The invention solves the problem in that the composite material contains processed and ground waste of polymer materials, rubber crumb, filler in the form of various wastes from wood processing, metals, wastes from the cement industry and an additive with a carbon content C2n, where n is not less than 30, in the following ratio of components, in % by mass:
deşeuri ale materialelor polimere 50…70 fărâmătură de cauciuc 2…30 adaos cu conţinut de carbon 1…30 umplutură restul.waste of polymer materials 50…70 crumb rubber 2…30 carbon-containing addition 1…30 filler the rest.
În calitate de adaos cu conţinut de carbon se utilizează fulerenă C60 sau C70, sau negru de fum de fulerenă cu fulerena parţial extrasă. As a carbon-containing additive, fullerene C60 or C70, or fullerene carbon black with partially extracted fullerene is used.
Procedeul de obţinere a materialului compozit prevede prelucrarea mecanică a deşeurilor materialelor polimere, uscarea, extrudarea cu obţinerea granulelor de material polimer de 3…30 mm, amestecarea lui în cel puţin două camere-dozatoare de uscare cu o umplutură premăcinată şi fărâmătură de cauciuc, extrudarea amestecului cu mărirea temperaturii lui, apoi la ieşirea din extruder amestecul se aliază cu fulerenă sau negru de fum de fulerenă, după care amestecul obţinut se presează şi se răceşte. The process of obtaining the composite material provides for the mechanical processing of polymer waste, drying, extrusion to obtain polymer material granules of 3…30 mm, mixing it in at least two drying chambers-dosers with a pre-ground filler and rubber crumb, extruding the mixture with increasing its temperature, then at the exit of the extruder the mixture is alloyed with fullerene or fullerene carbon black, after which the obtained mixture is pressed and cooled.
Alierea amestecului cu fulerenă sau negru de fum de fulerenă se efectuează la temperatura amestecului de 120…200°C, iar fărâmătură de cauciuc se amestecă în una din camerele-dozatoare de uscare menţionate, de preferinţă cu fărâmătură de polietilenftalat. The alloying of the mixture with fullerene or fullerene carbon black is carried out at a mixture temperature of 120…200°C, and the rubber crumb is mixed in one of the mentioned drying-dosing chambers, preferably with polyethylene phthalate crumb.
Temperatura camerelor-dozatoare de uscare se aduce la 75…120°C, iar umiditatea amestecului până la 10…12%. The temperature of the drying chambers-dosers is brought to 75…120°C, and the moisture content of the mixture to 10…12%.
Din camere-dozatoare de uscare amestecul fierbinte se trimite în extrudere, unde temperatura amestecului se aduce la 120…200°C. From the drying chambers-dosers, the hot mixture is sent to the extruders, where the mixture temperature is brought to 120…200°C.
La ieşire din extrudere, amestecul fierbinte se tratează cu fulerenă sau negru de fum de fulerenă şi este avansat sincron pe o bandă mobilă unde se supune presării cu valţuri şi răcirii ulterioare. Upon exiting the extruders, the hot mixture is treated with fullerene or fullerene carbon black and is advanced synchronously on a moving belt where it is subjected to roller pressing and subsequent cooling.
Materialul compozit obţinut prevede utilizarea unor deşeuri de materiale polimere, fracţiunea cărora în materialul propus este considerabilă. Umpluturile menţionate sunt de asemenea deşeuri măcinate ale industriei de prelucrare a lemnului, metalurgice şi ale industriei constructoare de maşini, industriei cimentului, cum ar fi, rumeguşul, şindrila, zgura etc. Fărâmătura de cauciuc este de asemenea un produs al prelucrării materiei prime secundare, poate fi obţinută prin măcinarea anvelopelor uzate. The obtained composite material provides for the use of waste polymer materials, the fraction of which in the proposed material is considerable. The mentioned fillers are also ground waste from the woodworking, metallurgical and machine-building industries, the cement industry, such as sawdust, shingles, slag, etc. Rubber crumb is also a product of secondary raw material processing, it can be obtained by grinding used tires.
Datorită prelucrării amestecului de ingrediente descrise în procedeu cu fulerenă sau negru de fum de fulerenă se efectuează alierea amestecului, ce permite sporirea proprietăţilor fizico-mecanice ale materialului compozit şi obţinerea unor produse finite pentru diverse ramuri ale economiei naţionale cu indici îmbunătăţiţi de durabilitate şi rezistenţă la uzură. Due to the processing of the mixture of ingredients described in the process with fullerene or fullerene carbon black, the mixture is alloyed, which allows for the enhancement of the physical and mechanical properties of the composite material and the production of finished products for various branches of the national economy with improved durability and wear resistance indices.
Fulerena este un produs al nanotehnologiilor, reprezintă nişte clustere de carbon cu număr par, peste 20 atomi de carbon ce formează trei legături între ei. Fulerenele se obţin din negru de fum de fulerenă ce se formează la arderea probelor tari de grafit. În prezent există tehnologii de fabricare industrială a negrului de fum de fulerenă şi de extragere a fulerenei din el. Fulerenele în prezent se întrebuinţează pe larg în calitate de adaosuri pentru îmbunătăţirea proprietăţilor fizico-mecanice ale pieselor constructive. Fullerene is a product of nanotechnology, it represents even-numbered carbon clusters, over 20 carbon atoms that form three bonds between them. Fullerenes are obtained from fullerene carbon black which is formed when burning hard graphite samples. Currently there are technologies for industrial production of fullerene carbon black and extraction of fullerene from it. Fullerenes are currently widely used as additives to improve the physical and mechanical properties of structural parts.
Exemple de realizare a invenţiei Examples of embodiments of the invention
Exemplul 1 Example 1
Deşeurile măcinate ale materialelor polimere în cantitate de 60 fracţiuni de masă se amestecă cu 35 fracţiuni de masă de rumeguş, 4 fracţiuni de masă de fărâmătură de cauciuc şi 1 fracţiune de masă de fulerenă. The ground waste of polymer materials in an amount of 60 mass fractions is mixed with 35 mass fractions of sawdust, 4 mass fractions of rubber crumb and 1 mass fraction of fullerene.
Materialul polimer granulat împreună cu umplutura în formă de rumeguş şi fărâmătura de cauciuc se încarcă, cel puţin, în două camere-dozatoare de uscare, materialul polimer cu rumeguşul şi materialul polimer cu fărâmătura de cauciuc se supune încălzirii până la 75…80°C. Apoi amestecul trece în extrudere, unde temperatura amestecului se ridică până la 100…120°C The granulated polymer material together with the filler in the form of sawdust and rubber crumb is loaded into at least two drying dosing chambers, the polymer material with sawdust and the polymer material with rubber crumb are heated to 75…80°C. Then the mixture passes into the extruder, where the temperature of the mixture rises to 100…120°C.
La ieşire din extruder, amestecul se prelucrează cu fulerenă sau negru de fum de fulerenă şi trece pe o bandă mobilă. Amestecul formează pe bandă un „sandwich”, fiecare strat al cărui este aliat cu fulerenă. Banda transmite materialul compozit la presare şi răcire ulterioară. Compoziţia menţionată se foloseşte pentru a obţine scânduri, pervazuri şi alte materiale utilizate în construcţii. Upon exiting the extruder, the mixture is treated with fullerene or fullerene carbon black and passes onto a moving belt. The mixture forms a “sandwich” on the belt, each layer of which is alloyed with fullerene. The belt conveys the composite material to subsequent pressing and cooling. The aforementioned composition is used to obtain boards, window sills and other materials used in construction.
La dorinţa clientului produsele obţinute pot fi executate colorate, iar durabilitatea acestor produse este de 2,5 ori mai mare, spre deosibire de durabilitatea articolelor standard din lemn. At the customer's request, the products obtained can be colored, and the durability of these products is 2.5 times greater than the durability of standard wooden items.
Exemplul 2 Example 2
Deşeurile măcinate ale materialelor polimere în cantitate de 65 fracţiuni de masă, inclusiv 30 fracţiuni de masă de polietilenftalat se amestecă cu deşeuri măcinate din industria metalurgică sau prelucrării metalelor (zgură, deşeuri ale industriei cimentului) - 20 şi fărâmătură de cauciuc - 10 fracţiuni de masă. La alierea amestecului se folosesc 5 fracţiuni de masă de fulerenă sau negru de fum de fulerenă. Ground waste of polymer materials in the amount of 65 mass fractions, including 30 mass fractions of polyethylene phthalate, is mixed with ground waste from the metallurgical or metal processing industry (slag, cement industry waste) - 20 and rubber crumb - 10 mass fractions. When alloying the mixture, 5 mass fractions of fullerene or fullerene carbon black are used.
Amestecul deşeurilor polimere măcinate, granulate, împreună cu umplutura şi fărâmătura de cauciuc, se încarcă în, cel puţin, două camere-dozatoare de uscare. În una se încarcă fărâmătura de materiale polimere (polietilenă, polipropilenă etc.) şi umplutura în formă de zgură, deşeuri ale industriei cimentului. În cealaltă se încarcă materialul polimer - polietilenftalatul şi fărâmătura de cauciuc. În camerele-dozatoare de uscare amestecul se încălzeşte până la 100…120°C, iar în extrudere temperatura se aduce până la 160…180°C. Apoi procesul se desfăşoară în modul similar cu cel descris în exemplul 1. The mixture of ground, granulated polymer waste, together with filler and rubber crumb, is loaded into at least two drying chambers-dosers. In one, the crumb of polymer materials (polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.) and the filler in the form of slag, waste from the cement industry are loaded. In the other, the polymer material - polyethylene phthalate and rubber crumb are loaded. In the drying chambers-dosers, the mixture is heated to 100…120°C, and in the extruder the temperature is brought up to 160…180°C. Then the process is carried out in a manner similar to that described in example 1.
Materialul compozit obţinut conform exemplului 2 se foloseşte la fasonarea dalelor de pavaj, plăcilor de planşeu, îmbrăcămintei rutiere. Durabilitatea acestui material este de 18,4 MPa, pe când conform STAS-ului acest indice nu depăşeşte 12,6 MPa. The composite material obtained according to example 2 is used for shaping paving slabs, floor slabs, road surfaces. The durability of this material is 18.4 MPa, while according to STAS this index does not exceed 12.6 MPa.
Cu ajutorul procedeului descris în prezenta invenţie poate fi obţinut un material compozit cu diverse proprietăţi, care, la rândul său, permite de a obţine un sortiment vast de produse în diverse ramuri ale economiei naţionale, în special, acolo unde e nevoie de proprietăţi sporite ale produselor în ce priveşte densitatea, rezistenţa la comprimare, rezistenţa la încovoiere şi absorbţia apei. With the help of the process described in the present invention, a composite material with various properties can be obtained, which, in turn, allows for obtaining a wide range of products in various branches of the national economy, especially where there is a need for increased product properties in terms of density, compressive strength, bending strength and water absorption.
Procedeul descris permite de asemenea automatizarea tuturor operaţiunilor procedeului şi comanda procesului cu ajutorul programelor de calculator, în dependenţă de problema tehnică propusă şi proprietăţile fizico-mecanice necesare ale produsului. The described process also allows the automation of all process operations and process control with the help of computer programs, depending on the proposed technical problem and the required physical-mechanical properties of the product.
De menţionat că produsele folosite sunt nişte deşeuri ale activităţii vitale umane, ceea ce face procesul econom şi ecologic. It is worth mentioning that the products used are waste from human vital activity, which makes the process economical and ecological.
1.RU 2327712 C1 2008.06.27 1.RU 2327712 C1 2008.06.27
2. EA 004225 B1 2004.02.26 2. EA 004225 B1 2004.02.26
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| MDS20090205A MD166Z (en) | 2009-11-02 | 2009-11-02 | Composite material and process for the obtaining thereof |
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| MD166Z MD166Z (en) | 2010-10-31 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MD345Z (en) * | 2010-11-23 | 2011-10-31 | Давид РОЙТМАН | Tile Composite Material |
| RU2499011C2 (en) * | 2012-02-10 | 2013-11-20 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Ордена Ленина и ордена Трудового Красного Знамени научно-исследовательский институт синтетического каучука имени академика С.В. Лебедева" | Composition based on bromine-containing fluoro-olefin copolymer |
| RU2515784C2 (en) * | 2012-02-10 | 2014-05-20 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Ордена Ленина и ордена Трудового Красного Знамени научно-исследовательский институт синтетического каучука имени академика С.В. Лебедева" | Composition based on copolymer of fluorolefin and perfluoroalkylvinyl ethers, containing nitrile groups |
| MD949Z (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2016-04-30 | Институт Химии Академии Наук Молдовы | Plastic waste recycling process |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UA116608C2 (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2018-04-10 | Святослав Ігорович Курносов | METHOD OF OBTAINING A CONTAINER FOR CONSTRUCTION FROM INDUSTRIAL AND HOUSEHOLD WASTE AND A CONTAINER |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2668598B2 (en) * | 1989-12-08 | 1997-10-27 | 日本化薬株式会社 | Hydraulic composition and high-strength composite material |
| DE19625110A1 (en) * | 1996-06-17 | 1997-12-18 | Finacor Anstalt | Plastic recycling process and process for the production of plastic materials |
| RU2109629C1 (en) * | 1996-12-30 | 1998-04-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Научно-производственная фирма "ИНЖИН-ГИПС" | Method of preparation of cellular building mixes based on gypsum-containing mineral binder and device for its realization |
| RU2123931C1 (en) * | 1998-02-18 | 1998-12-27 | Евсей Ефимович Шамис | Method of preparation of quick-hardening cellular construction mixes based on mineral binder |
| RU2143443C1 (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 1999-12-27 | Меньшов Сергей Викторович | Method of manufacturing facing sheet products made of polymeric waste |
| RU2196731C2 (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2003-01-20 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Астрин" | Layered fulleroid-type polyhedral carbon nanostructures |
| RU2233254C2 (en) * | 2000-10-26 | 2004-07-27 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Астрин-Холдинг" | Composition for manufacture of building materials |
| WO2003101908A1 (en) * | 2002-06-03 | 2003-12-11 | Zakrytoe Akcionernoe Obschestvo 'astrin-Holding' | Compound for producing building materials |
| MD3318C2 (en) * | 2005-11-24 | 2007-12-31 | Евсей ШАМИС | Process for preparing activated building mixes on base of mineral binder |
| RU2327712C1 (en) * | 2007-03-27 | 2008-06-27 | Институт проблем нефти и газа СО РАН | Method of polymer waste processing allowing to obtain construction material |
| MD3703G2 (en) * | 2007-07-30 | 2009-05-31 | Евсей ШАМИС | Process for preparing building mix on base of mineral binder |
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2009
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MD345Z (en) * | 2010-11-23 | 2011-10-31 | Давид РОЙТМАН | Tile Composite Material |
| RU2499011C2 (en) * | 2012-02-10 | 2013-11-20 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Ордена Ленина и ордена Трудового Красного Знамени научно-исследовательский институт синтетического каучука имени академика С.В. Лебедева" | Composition based on bromine-containing fluoro-olefin copolymer |
| RU2515784C2 (en) * | 2012-02-10 | 2014-05-20 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Ордена Ленина и ордена Трудового Красного Знамени научно-исследовательский институт синтетического каучука имени академика С.В. Лебедева" | Composition based on copolymer of fluorolefin and perfluoroalkylvinyl ethers, containing nitrile groups |
| MD949Z (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2016-04-30 | Институт Химии Академии Наук Молдовы | Plastic waste recycling process |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| MD166Z (en) | 2010-10-31 |
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