MD949Z - Plastic waste recycling process - Google Patents
Plastic waste recycling process Download PDFInfo
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- MD949Z MD949Z MDS20150092A MDS20150092A MD949Z MD 949 Z MD949 Z MD 949Z MD S20150092 A MDS20150092 A MD S20150092A MD S20150092 A MDS20150092 A MD S20150092A MD 949 Z MD949 Z MD 949Z
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- Moldova
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- plastic waste
- polyolefins
- waste
- plastic
- rest
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- 239000013502 plastic waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010795 gaseous waste Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008237 rinsing water Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000385654 Gymnothorax tile Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004137 mechanical activation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010303 mechanochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007725 thermal activation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Landscapes
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Invenţia se referă la un procedeu de reciclare a deşeurilor de mase plastice şi poate fi utilizată pentru obţinerea diverselor articole polimerice. The invention relates to a process for recycling plastic waste and can be used to obtain various polymer articles.
Concomitent cu mărirea cantităţii de mase plastice aflate în uz, devine tot mai actuală problema reciclării acestora. Având în vedere particularităţile compoziţiei deşeurilor de polimeri, prelucrarea maselor plastice la temperaturi joase, ce permite obţinerea materiei prime pentru noi articole polimerice (de exemplu materiale de construcţie, rampe, piloni etc.), este cea mai de perspectivă. As the amount of plastics in use increases, the problem of their recycling becomes more and more urgent. Given the particularities of the composition of polymer waste, the processing of plastics at low temperatures, which allows obtaining raw materials for new polymer items (e.g. construction materials, ramps, pillars, etc.), is the most promising.
De obicei, deformarea plastică a corpurilor solide duce nu numai la modificarea formei acestuia, dar şi la apariţia defectelor ce schimbă proprietăţile fizico-chimice, inclusiv reactivitatea. Acumularea defectelor este folosită în chimie pentru accelerarea reacţiilor cu participarea substanţelor solide, pentru micşorarea temperaturii proceselor şi pentru alte manipulări ce intensifică interacţiunile chimice în fază solidă. Absorbţia energiei mecanice iniţiază destrucţia polimerilor, transformările polimorfe şi alte tipuri de reacţii. Pentru a comunica energie mecanică materialelor plastice, ultimele se prelucrează în extrudere-reactoare cu ajutorul concasoarelor şi şnecurilor. În timpul unei astfel de tratări, pe lângă mărunţirea polimerilor au loc şi modificări structurale ale substanţei, se formează o mulţime de defecte, iar materialul devine reactiv. La prelucrarea simultană a câtorva tipuri de polimeri, între ei apar interacţiuni - reacţii chimice. Dar, analog cazului activizării termice a reacţiilor în fază solidă, pentru iniţierea reacţiilor mecano-chimice este necesar de a transmite prafului o cantitate suficientă de energie mecanică. Energia poate fi comunicată polimerului prin intermediul concasorului şi reactorului cu şnec. Şnecurile acţionează prin impulsuri asupra polimerului supus mărunţirii. Forţa şi rezultatul (gradul de transformare în urma reacţiei chimice) a unei astfel de acţiuni depinde de viteza de mişcare a şnecului în interiorul reactorului. Anterior, utilizarea activizării mecanice a substanţelor în producerea de noi materiale a fost limitată de lipsa unor reactoare fiabile. Actualmente, asemenea reactoare există şi pot fi folosite în astfel de procese inofensive pentru mediul ambiant ca prelucrarea secundară a deşeurilor de mase plastice (Симионеску К., Опря К. Механохимия высокомолекулярных соединений, Москва, 1970, Macaev F., Buzhor S., Mereuţa A. Reciclarea deşeurilor din mase plastice prin procedee mecanochimice. Akademos, 2011, 20 (1), p. 29-30). Usually, plastic deformation of solid bodies leads not only to a change in its shape, but also to the appearance of defects that change its physicochemical properties, including reactivity. The accumulation of defects is used in chemistry to accelerate reactions involving solid substances, to lower the temperature of processes, and for other manipulations that intensify chemical interactions in the solid phase. The absorption of mechanical energy initiates the destruction of polymers, polymorphic transformations, and other types of reactions. In order to impart mechanical energy to plastic materials, the latter are processed in extruders-reactors using crushers and screws. During such treatment, in addition to the crushing of polymers, structural changes in the substance also occur, a lot of defects are formed, and the material becomes reactive. When several types of polymers are processed simultaneously, interactions - chemical reactions - occur between them. But, analogous to the case of thermal activation of solid-phase reactions, to initiate mechanochemical reactions it is necessary to transmit a sufficient amount of mechanical energy to the powder. The energy can be communicated to the polymer by means of a crusher and a screw reactor. The screws act by impulses on the polymer subjected to grinding. The force and the result (the degree of transformation as a result of the chemical reaction) of such an action depend on the speed of movement of the screw inside the reactor. Previously, the use of mechanical activation of substances in the production of new materials was limited by the lack of reliable reactors. Currently, such reactors exist and can be used in such environmentally friendly processes as the secondary processing of plastic waste (Simionesku K., Oprya K. Mechanochemistry of high-molecular compounds, Moscow, 1970, Macaev F., Buzhor S., Mereuţa A. Recycling of plastic waste by mechanochemical processes. Akademos, 2011, 20 (1), p. 29-30).
Se cunosc diferite procedee de reciclare a deşeurilor de mase plastice. Various processes are known for recycling plastic waste.
Este cunoscut un procedeu de reciclare, care include spălarea preliminară a deşeurilor de mase plastice, măcinarea deşeurilor spălate şi spălarea deşeurilor mărunţite. La etapa finală deşeurile sunt uscate şi deshidratate [1]. A recycling process is known, which includes preliminary washing of plastic waste, grinding of the washed waste and washing of the shredded waste. In the final stage, the waste is dried and dehydrated [1].
Mai este cunoscut un procedeu de reciclare a deşeurilor de mase plastice, care include separarea deşeurilor de mase plastice în mai multe etape, măcinarea acestora şi spălarea maselor plastice mărunţite [2]. A process for recycling plastic waste is also known, which includes separating plastic waste in several stages, grinding it, and washing the shredded plastic [2].
Este cunoscut, de asemenea, procedeul de prelucrare a deşeurilor, care include separarea maselor plastice în separatorul cu aer în două fracţii: uşoară, ce conţine preponderent mase plastice, şi grea, ce conţine preponderent componente metalice. Fracţia uşoară prin intermediul separatorului, prin metoda umedă se separă după densitate. Acest proces este realizat prin câteva etape consecutive, cu utilizarea diferitor tipuri de medii lichide de separare în centrifugi separatoare [3]. The waste processing process is also known, which includes the separation of plastic masses in the air separator into two fractions: light, which contains mainly plastic masses, and heavy, which contains mainly metal components. The light fraction is separated by density by means of the separator, by the wet method. This process is carried out in several consecutive stages, with the use of different types of liquid separation media in separator centrifuges [3].
Mai este cunoscut un procedeu de prelucrare a deşeurilor de mase plastice cu incluziuni de altă natură, care include mărunţirea şi aglomerarea termică a materialului mărunţit, apoi fracţia fin granulată este eliminată din aglomerat [4]. There is also a known process for processing plastic waste with other types of inclusions, which includes shredding and thermal agglomeration of the shredded material, then the finely granulated fraction is removed from the agglomerate [4].
Dezavantajele acestor procedee constau în aceea că ele includ etapele de separare umedă după densitate sau de spălare a materialelor plastice prelucrate, ceea ce face necesară etapa de uscare preliminară de până la prelucrarea propriu-zisă, ineficientă din punct de vedere economic. Iar prelucrarea uscată a deşeurilor de mase plastice conţine etapa de înlăturare din amestec a corpurilor străine, de exemplu a celor metalice. Această etapă este obligatorie, deoarece impurităţile limitează utilizarea maselor plastice. The disadvantages of these processes are that they include the stages of wet separation by density or washing of the processed plastics, which makes the preliminary drying stage necessary before the actual processing, which is economically inefficient. And the dry processing of plastic waste contains the stage of removing foreign bodies from the mixture, for example, metal ones. This stage is mandatory, because impurities limit the use of plastics.
În calitate de cea mai apropiată soluţie serveşte procedeul de reciclare a deşeurilor de mase plastice, care constă în mărunţirea maselor plastice şi aglomerarea materialului mărunţit; separarea din materialul mărunţit a componenţilor magnetici. În timpul aglomerării se înlătură substanţele volatile prin intermediul instalaţiilor de aspirare, apoi materialul aglomerat se usucă şi se cerne [5]. The closest solution is the recycling process of plastic waste, which consists of shredding the plastic and agglomerating the shredded material; separating the magnetic components from the shredded material. During agglomeration, volatile substances are removed by means of suction installations, then the agglomerated material is dried and sieved [5].
Dezavantajele acestui procedeu constau în faptul că este inclusă etapa de îndepărtare a componenţilor magnetici şi etapa de aspirare a substanţelor volatile, ceea ce face procedeul mai costisitor. The disadvantages of this process are that it includes the step of removing magnetic components and the step of aspirating volatile substances, which makes the process more expensive.
Problema pe care o rezolvă invenţia constă în elaborarea unui procedeu economic de reciclare a deşeurilor de mase plastice, care elimină etapele de tratare umedă a deşeurilor; de separare a metalelor; de captare a substanţelor volatile; de eliminare a substanţelor de altă natură (2…3%) din amestec şi permite reciclarea deşeurilor de mase plastice cu un grad de impurificare relativ înalt, totodată permite soluţionarea problemei ecologice de utilizare complexă şi inofensivă a deşeurilor industriale şi menajere. The problem solved by the invention consists in developing an economical process for recycling plastic waste, which eliminates the stages of wet waste treatment; metal separation; volatile substance capture; removal of other substances (2…3%) from the mixture and allows the recycling of plastic waste with a relatively high degree of impurity, while also solving the ecological problem of complex and harmless use of industrial and household waste.
Problema se rezolvă prin aceea că procedeul de reciclare a deşeurilor de mase plastice include separarea poliolefinelor de restul de deşeuri de mase plastice, mărunţirea preliminară a poliolefinelor şi a restului de deşeuri de mase plastice până la dimensiuni de circa 50 mm, mărunţirea fină a acestora până la dimensiuni de 0,5…10 mm, amestecarea poliolefinelor şi a restului de deşeuri de mase plastice mărunţite fin în raport de respectiv (0,1…0,5):(0,5…0,9) părţi de masă, omogenizarea şi transportarea amestecului obţinut cu viteza de 0,2 m/s prin intermediul şnecului încărcătorului în buncărul unui extruder, plastifierea amestecului la temperatura de 180…210°С până la obţinerea unei mase omogene, care se supune calibrării, presării şi formajului. The problem is solved by the fact that the plastic waste recycling process includes the separation of polyolefins from the rest of the plastic waste, the preliminary crushing of polyolefins and the rest of the plastic waste to a size of about 50 mm, their fine crushing to a size of 0.5…10 mm, mixing of polyolefins and the rest of the finely crushed plastic waste in a ratio of (0.1…0.5):(0.5…0.9) parts by mass, homogenization and transportation of the mixture obtained at a speed of 0.2 m/s by means of the loader screw into the hopper of an extruder, plasticization of the mixture at a temperature of 180…210°С until a homogeneous mass is obtained, which is subjected to calibration, pressing and forming.
Invenţia se explică cu ajutorul desenelor din fig. 1-5, care reprezintă: The invention is explained with the help of the drawings in Fig. 1-5, which represent:
- fig.1, deşeuri de mase plastice mărunţite (polietilenă (PE)), - fig.1, shredded plastic waste (polyethylene (PE)),
- fig. 2, deşeuri de mase plastice mărunţite (polipropilenă (PP)), - fig. 2, shredded plastic waste (polypropylene (PP)),
- fig. 3, restul de deşeuri de mase plastice mărunţite, - fig. 3, the rest of the shredded plastic waste,
- fig. 4, palet din plastic, - fig. 4, plastic pallet,
- fig. 5, cutie pentru răsad. - Fig. 5, seedling box.
Restul de deşeuri de mase plastice poat include polistiren (PS), policlorură de vinil (PVC), polietilentereftalat (PET), răşini formaldehidice (RF) etc. Suportând cheltuieli minime de energie, se obţine un material plastic de o calitate înaltă, ce poate servi ca materie primă pentru producerea materialelor de construcţie (de exemplu ţiglă, console pentru clădiri şi blocuri, cofraje de construcţie, garduri, bănci, piese integrate pentru armatură, urne, ţiglă pentru pavaj, dibluri de fixare etc.). The remaining plastic waste may include polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), formaldehyde resins (RF), etc. With minimal energy expenditure, a high-quality plastic material is obtained, which can serve as a raw material for the production of construction materials (e.g. tiles, brackets for buildings and blocks, construction formwork, fences, benches, integrated parts for reinforcement, urns, paving tiles, fixing dowels, etc.).
Prin procedeul propus, fără a efectua procesele umede de prelucrare, utilizate, de obicei, pentru separarea sau purificarea maselor plastice, poate fi obţinut un amestec de mase plastice cu umiditate redusă de până la un procent (fără aplicarea uscătoarelor costisitoare). De asemenea, nu se aglomerează tipul de mase plastice supuse reciclării şi nu se selectează componenţii metalici. Through the proposed process, without performing the wet processing processes usually used for the separation or purification of plastics, a mixture of plastics with reduced humidity of up to one percent can be obtained (without the use of expensive dryers). Also, the type of plastics subject to recycling is not agglomerated and the metal components are not selected.
Pentru mărunţirea preliminară a poliolefinelor şi a restului de deşeuri de mase plastice (rămas după separarea poliolefinelor) sunt utilizate shreddere capabile să reducă dimensiunile materialului încărcat până la 50 mm. Masele plastice astfel tăiate sunt mărunţite separat în concasoare sau mori până la fracţia de 0,5…10 mm. Mărunţirea preliminară permite optimizarea procesului deoarece, ulterior, materialul se prelucrează mai uşor în mori. For the preliminary shredding of polyolefins and the rest of the plastic waste (remaining after the separation of polyolefins) shredders are used, capable of reducing the dimensions of the loaded material to 50 mm. The plastics thus cut are shredded separately in crushers or mills to a fraction of 0.5…10 mm. Preliminary shredding allows for process optimization because, subsequently, the material is more easily processed in mills.
Materialul mărunţit, în funcţie de produsul finit, se amestecă în proporţie de (0,1…0,5) : (0,5…0,9) părţi de poliolefine (polietilenă (PE), polipropilenă (PP), luate separat sau în amestec în orice proporţie) şi, respectiv, restul amestecului de mase plastice, este transportat cu viteza de 0,2 m/s pentru pregătirea de extrudare la temperatura de 180…210°С până la obţinerea unei mase uniforme. Viteza de transportare a deşeurilor de mase plastice mărunţite se reglează în aşa mod (0,2 m/s), ca temperatura de încălzire a amestecului în reactor să nu fie mai mare de 210°С, deoarece la o temperatură mai mare are loc destrucţia termică a polimerilor cu formarea deşeurilor volatile. The shredded material, depending on the finished product, is mixed in a ratio of (0.1…0.5) : (0.5…0.9) parts of polyolefins (polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), taken separately or mixed in any proportion) and, respectively, the rest of the plastic mixture is transported at a speed of 0.2 m/s for preparation for extrusion at a temperature of 180…210°С until a uniform mass is obtained. The speed of transportation of shredded plastic waste is regulated in such a way (0.2 m/s) that the heating temperature of the mixture in the reactor does not exceed 210°С, since at a higher temperature thermal destruction of polymers occurs with the formation of volatile waste.
Numai respectând condiţiile prezentate, este asigurată utilizarea conform destinaţiei a materialelor indicate. Only by complying with the conditions presented is the intended use of the indicated materials ensured.
În conformitate cu cele expuse, rezultatul tehnic declarat poate fi atins prin totalitatea caracteristicilor esenţiale ale procedeului, acestea fiind: In accordance with the above, the declared technical result can be achieved through all the essential characteristics of the process, which are:
1) separarea poliolefinelor din deşeurile de mase plastice; 1) separation of polyolefins from plastic waste;
2) mărunţirea poliolefinelor şi, respectiv, a restului de deşeuri de mase plastice până la fracţia de 50 mm şi transportarea lor direct la etapa de mărunţire principală până la dimensiunile de 0,5…10 mm; 2) shredding of polyolefins and, respectively, the rest of the plastic waste down to the 50 mm fraction and transporting them directly to the main shredding stage down to sizes of 0.5…10 mm;
3) amestecarea, în funcţie de produsul finit, a poliolefinelor (polietilenă (PE), polipropilenă (PP), luate separat sau în amestec în orice proporţie) şi a restului de deşeuri de mase plastice în proporţie de (0,1…0,5) : (0,5…0,9); 3) mixing, depending on the finished product, of polyolefins (polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), taken separately or mixed in any proportion) and the rest of the plastic waste in a proportion of (0.1…0.5) : (0.5…0.9);
4) omogenizarea, transportarea cu viteza de 0,2 m/s prin intermediul şnecului încărcătorului şi plastifierea deşeurilor de mase plastice în extrudere-reactoare la temperatura de 180…210°С, până la obţinerea unei mase uniforme bituminoase de culoare închisă. 4) homogenization, transportation at a speed of 0.2 m/s by means of the loader screw and plasticization of plastic waste in extruder-reactors at a temperature of 180…210°С, until a uniform dark-colored bituminous mass is obtained.
Avantajele procedeului propus faţă de cele existente constau în următoarele: The advantages of the proposed process over existing ones are the following:
- se elimină etapele de tratare umedă a deşeurilor; - the wet waste treatment stages are eliminated;
- nu este necesară separarea metalelor (dacă acestea sunt izolate cu materialul plastic); - it is not necessary to separate the metals (if they are insulated with plastic);
- nu este necesară captarea substanţelor volatile datorită proceselor ce decurg la temperaturi joase de 180…210°С; - it is not necessary to capture volatile substances due to the processes occurring at low temperatures of 180…210°С;
- nu este necesară eliminarea substanţelor de altă natură din amestec; - it is not necessary to eliminate substances of other nature from the mixture;
- permite reglarea conţinutului de poliolefine prin dozare, în funcţie de tipul produsului finit. - allows the regulation of the polyolefin content by dosing, depending on the type of finished product.
Procedeul propus permite reciclarea deşeurilor de mase plastice cu un grad de impurificare relativ înalt. The proposed process allows the recycling of plastic waste with a relatively high degree of contamination.
Deci, rezultatul tehnic al invenţiei este reciclarea deşeurilor de mase plastice (cu separarea poliolefinelor (polietilenă, polipropilenă) şi fără separarea celorlalte tipuri de polimeri) cu un conţinut de corpuri străine şi utilizarea ulterioară a acestui material mărunţit în calitate de materie primă. Procesul de omogenizare şi plastifiere este însoţit de modificări structurale ce favorizează atât destrucţia avansată a structurii materialului, cât şi interacţiunea dintre componentele amestecului şi formarea unui material nou. So, the technical result of the invention is the recycling of plastic waste (with separation of polyolefins (polyethylene, polypropylene) and without separation of other types of polymers) with a content of foreign bodies and the subsequent use of this shredded material as a raw material. The process of homogenization and plasticization is accompanied by structural changes that favor both the advanced destruction of the material structure and the interaction between the components of the mixture and the formation of a new material.
Deformarea plastică a corpurilor solide, de obicei, duce nu numai la modificarea formei acestuia, dar şi la apariţia defectelor ce schimbă proprietăţile fizico-chimice, inclusiv reactivitatea. Acumularea defectelor este folosită pentru accelerarea reacţiilor cu participarea substanţelor solide, pentru micşorarea temperaturii proceselor şi pentru alte manipulări ce intensifică interacţiunile chimice în fază solidă. Plastic deformation of solids usually leads not only to a change in their shape, but also to the appearance of defects that change their physicochemical properties, including reactivity. The accumulation of defects is used to accelerate reactions involving solids, to lower the temperature of processes, and for other manipulations that enhance chemical interactions in the solid phase.
Exemple de realizare a invenţiei Examples of embodiments of the invention
Exemplul 1 Example 1
Din deşeurile de mase plastice se separă poliolefinele (PE, PP), apoi poliolefinele nespălate se introduc în moara cu ciocănele unde sunt mărunţite până la dimensiuni de circa 50 mm, paralel se mărunţesc separat şi restul deşeurilor de mase plastice (rămas după separare), apoi acestea se mărunţesc separat în concasoare până la fracţia de la 0,5 până la 10 mm (fig.1, 2, 3). Polyolefins (PE, PP) are separated from plastic waste, then the unwashed polyolefins are introduced into the hammer mill where they are crushed to a size of about 50 mm, in parallel the rest of the plastic waste (remaining after separation) is crushed separately, then these are crushed separately in crushers to a fraction of 0.5 to 10 mm (fig. 1, 2, 3).
Deşeurile mărunţite se amestecă în proporţie de 25% de polietilenă şi polipropilenă la 75% de restul deşeurilor de mase plastice, totodată polietilena şi polipropilena sunt luate în raport de 1:1. Apoi amestecul se încarcă în buncărul extruderului cu o viteză de 0,2 m/s prin intermediul şnecului încărcătorului. The shredded waste is mixed in a ratio of 25% polyethylene and polypropylene to 75% of the remaining plastic waste, while polyethylene and polypropylene are taken in a ratio of 1: 1. Then the mixture is loaded into the extruder hopper at a speed of 0.2 m/s via the loader screw.
Astfel, în extruder (reactorul de inox) amestecul este încălzit până la temperatura de 180…210°С. Viteza de încărcare a deşeurilor de mase plastice mărunţite se reglează în aşa fel, ca temperatura de autoîncălzire a amestecului în extruder (reactorul de inox) să varieze în intervalul de 180…210°С şi nu mai mult. Thus, in the extruder (stainless steel reactor) the mixture is heated to a temperature of 180…210°С. The feeding rate of shredded plastic waste is regulated in such a way that the self-heating temperature of the mixture in the extruder (stainless steel reactor) varies within the range of 180…210°С and no more.
La această temperatură РЕ şi РР se lichefiază, iar celelalte tipuri de polimeri rămân sub formă vâscoasă (PS, PVC, PET servesc în calitate de componenţi de legătură, iar policarbonaţii, poliamidele etc. alcătuiesc amestecul de umplutură. Masa vâscoasă obţinută se omogenizează şi se transferă la calibrator. At this temperature, PE and PP liquefy, and the other types of polymers remain in a viscous form (PS, PVC, PET serve as binding components, and polycarbonates, polyamides, etc. make up the filling mixture. The resulting viscous mass is homogenized and transferred to the calibrator.
Masa de material calibrată este transportată în matricea utilajului de presare, unde sub acţiunea presiunii de la 3 bar se obţine produsul finit: palete din plastic (fig.4). The calibrated mass of material is transported into the matrix of the pressing machine, where under the action of 3 bar pressure the finished product is obtained: plastic pallets (fig. 4).
Exemplul 2 Example 2
Respectând aceleaşi etape ale procedeului tehnologic, însă variind raportul de omogenizare a deşeurilor de mase plastice mărunţite în proporţie de 35% de polietilenă şi polipropilenă la 65% restul deşeurilor de mase plastice (polietilena şi polipropilena sunt luate în raport de 1:1), se obţin cutii pentru răsad (fig. 5). Following the same stages of the technological process, but varying the homogenization ratio of shredded plastic waste in a proportion of 35% polyethylene and polypropylene to 65% remaining plastic waste (polyethylene and polypropylene are taken in a ratio of 1:1), seedling boxes are obtained (Fig. 5).
Astfel, la prelucrarea a 1000 kg de deşeuri de mase plastice se pot obţine 950…970 kg de produse noi din mase plastice. Thus, by processing 1000 kg of plastic waste, 950…970 kg of new plastic products can be obtained.
1. US 6213306 B1 2001.04.10 1. US 6213306 B1 2001.04.10
2. US 7014132 B2 2006.03.21 2. US 7014132 B2 2006.03.21
3. RU 2469803 C2 2012.12.20 3. RU 2469803 C2 2012.12.20
4. SU 1054080 A1 1983.11.15 4. SU 1054080 A1 1983.11.15
5. RU 2150385 C1 2000.06.10 5. RU 2150385 C1 2000.06.10
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|---|---|---|---|
| MDS20150092A MD949Z (en) | 2015-07-09 | 2015-07-09 | Plastic waste recycling process |
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| MDS20150092A MD949Z (en) | 2015-07-09 | 2015-07-09 | Plastic waste recycling process |
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| MD949Z true MD949Z (en) | 2016-04-30 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2025073491A1 (en) * | 2023-10-02 | 2025-04-10 | Wimao Oy | A manufacturing system and a method for manufacturing products |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1054080A1 (en) * | 1982-05-17 | 1983-11-15 | Харьковское специальное конструкторско-технологическое бюро "Машприборпластик" | Method for separating plastics waste |
| RU2150385C1 (en) * | 1995-01-05 | 2000-06-10 | Дер Грюне Пункт - Дуалес Систем Дойчланд Акциенгезелльшафт | Method of processing mixtures of plastic materials and plant for processing of mixtures of plastic materials |
| US6213306B1 (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 2001-04-10 | F & P Sortiertechnik Gmbh | Process and facility for treating and sorting recyclable waste materials |
| EA004225B1 (en) * | 1996-06-17 | 2004-02-26 | Финакор Анштальт | Plastic recycling process and process for producing plastic materials |
| US7014132B2 (en) * | 1996-07-22 | 2006-03-21 | Antoine Vandeputte | Method and plant for separating polymeric materials |
| EA007627B1 (en) * | 2002-10-30 | 2006-12-29 | Устав Макромолекуларни Хемие Академие Вед Ческе Републике | Method of recycling of commingled plastics wastes to tough thermoplastic materials |
| MD166Y (en) * | 2009-11-02 | 2010-03-31 | Nicolai Serafimciuc | Composite material and process for the obtaining thereof |
| RU2469803C2 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2012-12-20 | Фольксваген Аг | Method and plant for processing heavy fraction rich in plastics |
-
2015
- 2015-07-09 MD MDS20150092A patent/MD949Z/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1054080A1 (en) * | 1982-05-17 | 1983-11-15 | Харьковское специальное конструкторско-технологическое бюро "Машприборпластик" | Method for separating plastics waste |
| RU2150385C1 (en) * | 1995-01-05 | 2000-06-10 | Дер Грюне Пункт - Дуалес Систем Дойчланд Акциенгезелльшафт | Method of processing mixtures of plastic materials and plant for processing of mixtures of plastic materials |
| US6213306B1 (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 2001-04-10 | F & P Sortiertechnik Gmbh | Process and facility for treating and sorting recyclable waste materials |
| EA004225B1 (en) * | 1996-06-17 | 2004-02-26 | Финакор Анштальт | Plastic recycling process and process for producing plastic materials |
| US7014132B2 (en) * | 1996-07-22 | 2006-03-21 | Antoine Vandeputte | Method and plant for separating polymeric materials |
| EA007627B1 (en) * | 2002-10-30 | 2006-12-29 | Устав Макромолекуларни Хемие Академие Вед Ческе Републике | Method of recycling of commingled plastics wastes to tough thermoplastic materials |
| RU2469803C2 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2012-12-20 | Фольксваген Аг | Method and plant for processing heavy fraction rich in plastics |
| MD166Y (en) * | 2009-11-02 | 2010-03-31 | Nicolai Serafimciuc | Composite material and process for the obtaining thereof |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2025073491A1 (en) * | 2023-10-02 | 2025-04-10 | Wimao Oy | A manufacturing system and a method for manufacturing products |
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