MD1144Z - Process for growing chicken broilers - Google Patents
Process for growing chicken broilersInfo
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- MD1144Z MD1144Z MDS20160130A MDS20160130A MD1144Z MD 1144 Z MD1144 Z MD 1144Z MD S20160130 A MDS20160130 A MD S20160130A MD S20160130 A MDS20160130 A MD S20160130A MD 1144 Z MD1144 Z MD 1144Z
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- meal
- period
- feather
- soybean
- chalk
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
Description
Invenţia se referă la avicultură, şi anume la un procedeu de creştere a puilor broiler, în care The invention relates to poultry farming, namely to a process for raising broiler chickens, in which
nutreţurile combinate complete sunt utilizate în industria furajelor pentru păsări sau direct la fabricile avicole. Complete compound feeds are used in the poultry feed industry or directly in poultry factories.
Procedeul de creştere a puilor broiler asigură o sporire a productivităţii puilor broiler prin includerea în componenţa nutreţurilor combinate pentru păsări a făinii de pene pe perioadele de creştere, totodată s-a majorat masa vie şi sporul mediu zilnic, s-a îmbunătăţit randamentul la sacrificare şi calitatea cărnii odată cu micşorarea consumului de furaje şi a sinecostului producţiei, obţinându-se un venit condiţionat. The broiler chicken breeding process ensures an increase in broiler chicken productivity by including feather meal in the composition of combined poultry feeds during the growing periods, at the same time the live weight and average daily gain increased, the slaughter yield and meat quality improved along with the reduction of feed consumption and production costs, obtaining a conditional income.
Sunt cunoscute mai multe procedee de creştere a puilor broiler. Totodată, în tehnologiile intensive de întreţinere a păsărilor, furajarea echilibrată constituie un factor decisiv în obţinerea unei productivităţi sporite. Obiectivul prezentei invenţii constă în suplinirea nutreţului combinat destinat puilor broiler cu făină de pene - un produs cu un conţinut de proteină ridicat, obţinut prin fermentare şi extrudare cu scopul de a mări masa vie a păsărilor şi a reduce cheltuielile de producţie. Several methods of raising broiler chickens are known. At the same time, in intensive technologies of keeping poultry, balanced feeding is a decisive factor in obtaining increased productivity. The objective of the present invention is to supplement the combined feed intended for broiler chickens with feather meal - a product with a high protein content, obtained by fermentation and extrusion in order to increase the live weight of birds and reduce production costs.
Este cunoscut faptul că furajarea puilor broiler cu nutreţ combinat cu un conţinut scăzut de proteină reduce rezistenţa acestora la boli, creşterea şi dezvoltarea acestora şi măreşte cheltuielile de nutreţ pentru producerea cărnii de pui. Este unanim acceptată ideea că o creştere a nivelului de proteină din nutreţuri are drept urmare o îmbunătăţire a calităţii cărnii de pui [Summers J. D. Yield and composition of edible meat from male broilers as influenced by dietary protein level and aminoacid supplementation. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 68, 241-248]. It is known that feeding broiler chickens with a low-protein combined feed reduces their resistance to disease, their growth and development and increases feed costs for chicken meat production. It is unanimously accepted that an increase in the level of protein in the feed results in an improvement in the quality of chicken meat [Summers J. D. Yield and composition of edible meat from male broilers as influenced by dietary protein level and amino acid supplementation. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 68, 241-248].
Principala şi cea mai eficientă sursă de proteine din hrana păsărilor este făina de peşte, care în Republica Moldova este importată. În plus, volumul producţiei sale în fiecare an se reduce odată cu creşterea cererii, preţul acestui produs pentru ultimul an în Europa a crescut de aproape două ori, ceea ce impune găsirea de surse proteice alternative. O rezervă semnificativă pentru reconstituirea proteinei este făina de pene, care conţine până la 85…88% proteină. Însă proteina din făina de pene este prezentată de cheratină, care în tratamentul convenţional are o disponibilitate redusă. The main and most effective source of protein in poultry feed is fishmeal, which is imported to the Republic of Moldova. In addition, the volume of its production is reduced every year with increasing demand, the price of this product for the last year in Europe has increased almost twice, which requires finding alternative protein sources. A significant reserve for protein reconstitution is feather meal, which contains up to 85…88% protein. However, the protein in feather meal is presented by keratin, which in conventional treatment has a low availability.
Este cunoscut procedeul de creştere a păsărilor cu reducerea costului reţetelor de nutreţ combinat şi utilizarea raţională a deşeurilor secundare de la prelucrarea păsărilor, şi anume a penelor şi pufului, care se recomandă să se utilizeze ca produs proteic din pene (PPP), pentru înlocuirea a 60% făină de peşte în nutreţul combinat destinat prepeliţelor de la 1 până la a 36-a zi de creştere şi înlocuirea 100% a făinii de peşte de la a 24-a până la a 38-a zi de creştere cu utilizarea produsului proteic făinii de pene pentru înlocuirea 30% de făină de peşte în nutreţul combinat destinat puilor broiler de la 1 până la a 38-a zi de creştere şi 100% făină de pene de la a 22-a până la a 38-a zi de creştere. În conformitate cu rezultatele cercetărilor obţinute în acest experiment, analizând masa vie a puilor broiler la vârsta de 28 de zile, chiar şi cu înlocuirea deplină a făinii de peşte cu făină de pene raţia nu a afectat creşterea păsărilor. În mod clar inhibarea creşterii masei vii a avut loc în perioada cuprinsă între 28 şi 38 de zile. Costul nutreţului consumat per 1 kg spor în unul din loturi a scăzut cu 8,7% [1]. The process of raising poultry with reducing the cost of compound feed recipes and rational use of secondary waste from poultry processing, namely feathers and down, which are recommended to be used as a feather protein product (PPP), for replacing 60% of fishmeal in the compound feed intended for quails from the 1st to the 36th day of growth and replacing 100% of fishmeal from the 24th to the 38th day of growth with the use of the feather meal protein product for replacing 30% of fishmeal in the compound feed intended for broiler chickens from the 1st to the 38th day of growth and 100% feather meal from the 22nd to the 38th day of growth. According to the results of the research obtained in this experiment, analyzing the live weight of broiler chickens at the age of 28 days, even with the complete replacement of fish meal with feather meal in the ration did not affect the growth of birds. Clearly, the inhibition of live weight growth occurred in the period from 28 to 38 days. The cost of feed consumed per 1 kg of gain in one of the batches decreased by 8.7% [1].
Este cunoscut procedeul de utilizare a unui produs, obţinut în urma hidrolizei penelor de pasăre, în combinaţie cu o sursă de carbohidraţi în alimentaţia păsărilor [2]. The process of using a product obtained from the hydrolysis of poultry feathers, in combination with a carbohydrate source in poultry feed is known [2].
Cea mai apropiată soluţie este procedeul de furajare a puilor broiler folosind în raţie făină de pene hidrolizată, unde înlocuirea fainii de peşte cu făină de pene a fost efectuată în conformitate cu masa vie a păsărilor. Înlocuirea a 30% din făină de peşte cu făină de pene reduce costul hranei consumate per 1 kg spor cu 5,0%, fără degradarea valorilor zootehnice, iar o înlocuire de 50% cu făină de pene creşte costul furajelor cu 1,4%, la înlocuirea 100%, reducerea preţului de cost a furajelor este de 1,8%, însă scade randamentul de carne cu 5,3 şi 4,4%, respectiv [3]. The closest solution is the process of feeding broiler chickens using hydrolyzed feather meal in the ration, where the replacement of fish meal with feather meal was carried out in accordance with the live weight of the birds. Replacing 30% of fish meal with feather meal reduces the cost of feed consumed per 1 kg of gain by 5.0%, without degrading the zootechnical values, and a 50% replacement with feather meal increases the cost of feed by 1.4%, at 100% replacement, the reduction in the cost price of feed is 1.8%, but the meat yield decreases by 5.3 and 4.4%, respectively [3].
Dezavantajele acestor procedee constă în aceea că furajarea puilor broiler se face cu nutreţ combinat în care făina de peşte se înlocuieşte cu cea de pene preparată prin metoda hidrotermică de hidroliză a penelor, care nu are un impact economic pozitiv asupra eficienţei creşterii puilor broiler. The disadvantages of these processes are that broiler chickens are fed with combined feed in which fish meal is replaced with feather meal prepared by the hydrothermal method of feather hydrolysis, which does not have a positive economic impact on the efficiency of broiler chicken growth.
Problema pe care o rezolvă invenţia constă în majorarea eficienţei creşterii puilor broiler cu utilizarea furajării cu nutreţuri combinate echilibrate şi digestibilitate sporită datorită făinii de pene, obţinută prin fermentare şi extrudare. The problem solved by the invention consists in increasing the efficiency of broiler chicken growth with the use of balanced combined feed and increased digestibility due to feather meal, obtained by fermentation and extrusion.
Procedeul, conform invenţiei, prevede furajarea puilor broiler pe parcursul perioadelor de iniţiere, creştere şi finisare, câte 14 zile fiecare, cu nutreţ ce conţine, în % mas.: în perioada de iniţiere: porumb - 49,3, grâu - 12,7…13,7, şrot de soia - 22,2, şrot de floarea-soarelui - 6,1, ulei de soia - 2,5, premix - 2,0, cretă - 2,7, făină de pene - 1,5…2,5, în perioada de creştere: porumb - 49,1, grâu - 22,0, şrot de soia - 13,5…14,5, şrot de floarea-soarelui - 7,0, ulei de soia - 1,2, premix - 2,0, cretă - 2,7, făină de pene - 1,5…2,5, în perioada de finisare: porumb - 49,1, grâu - 23,0, şrot de soia - 15,0…16,0, şrot de floarea-soarelui - 4,5, ulei de soia - 1,2, premix - 2,0, cretă - 2,7 şi făină de pene - 1,5…2,5, totodată se utilizează făină de pene obţinută prin fermentare şi extrudare. The process, according to the invention, provides for feeding broiler chickens during the initiation, growth and finishing periods, 14 days each, with feed containing, in % mass: during the initiation period: corn - 49.3, wheat - 12.7…13.7, soybean meal - 22.2, sunflower meal - 6.1, soybean oil - 2.5, premix - 2.0, chalk - 2.7, feather meal - 1.5…2.5, during the growth period: corn - 49.1, wheat - 22.0, soybean meal - 13.5…14.5, sunflower meal - 7.0, soybean oil - 1.2, premix - 2.0, chalk - 2.7, feather meal - 1.5…2.5, during the finishing period: corn - 49.1, wheat - 23.0, soybean meal - 15.0…16.0, sunflower meal - 4.5, soybean oil - 1.2, premix - 2.0, chalk - 2.7 and feather meal - 1.5…2.5, feather meal obtained by fermentation and extrusion is also used.
Programul alimentar aplicat a fost bazat pe perioade: iniţiere (starter) (de la 1 până la 14 zile de vârstă), de creştere (grower) (de la 14 până la 28 de zile) şi finală (finisher) (de la 28 până la vârsta de 42 zile). The feeding program applied was based on periods: starter (from 1 to 14 days of age), grower (from 14 to 28 days) and finisher (from 28 to 42 days of age).
Procedeul permite sporirea productivităţii puilor broiler în cazul suplinirii nutreţului combinat cu făină de pene de 1,5 şi 2,5% respectiv: a masei vii cu 3,09% şi 0,75%, a sporului mediu zilnic pe perioada experimentală în medie cu 3,20% şi 0,74%, micşorând consumul specific de nutreţ cu 2,36 şi 5,88%, mărind randamentul cu 0,96 şi 3,30% la sacrificare şi asigurând creşterea eficienţei economice la nivel de 3,15 şi 2,80 lei/cap. The process allows increasing the productivity of broiler chickens in the case of supplementing the combined feed with feather meal of 1.5 and 2.5% respectively: of the live weight by 3.09% and 0.75%, of the average daily gain during the experimental period on average by 3.20% and 0.74%, decreasing the specific feed consumption by 2.36 and 5.88%, increasing the yield by 0.96 and 3.30% at slaughter and ensuring an increase in economic efficiency at the level of 3.15 and 2.80 lei/head.
Exemplu de realizare a invenţiei Example of embodiment of the invention
Pui broiler de aceeaşi vârstă au fost repartizaţi randomizat în 5 loturi (un lot martor şi patru loturi experimentale (LM, LE1, LE2, LE3 şi LE4), [Александров В. А. Методика проведения научных исследований на сельскохозяйственной птице. Москва, 1988, р. 24], câte 20 capete în lot, fiind cazaţi în acelaşi adăpost, în aceleaşi condiţii de mediu, beneficiind de aceleaşi condiţii de alimentaţie [Калашников А. П. и др. Нормы и рационы кормления сельскохозяйственных животных. Справочник, Москва, Россельхозакадемия, 2003, р. 456], (tab.1). Broiler chickens of the same age were randomly assigned into 5 groups (one control group and four experimental groups (LM, LE1, LE2, LE3 and LE4), [Александров V. А. Method of conducting scientific studies on agricultural poultry. Moscow, 1988, p. 24], 20 heads per group, being housed in the same shelter, in the same environmental conditions, benefiting from the same feeding conditions [Калашников А. П. и др. Нормы и рационы кормления селкохозяйственных животных. Справочник, Moscow, Россельхозакадемия, 2003, p. 456], (tab. 1).
Tabelul 1 Table 1
Schema experienţei The scheme of experience
Loturi Numărul de capete Particularităţi de furajare LM 20 Nutreţ combinat de bază (NCB) cu faină de peşte, 1,0…1,5% LE1 20 NCB + 1,5% făină de pene LE2 20 NCB + 2,5% făină de pene LE3 20 NCB + 3,5% făină de pene LE4 20 NCB + 4,5% făină de peneBatches Number of heads Feeding particularities LM 20 Basic compound feed (NCB) with fishmeal, 1.0…1.5% LE1 20 NCB + 1.5% feather meal LE2 20 NCB + 2.5% feather meal LE3 20 NCB + 3.5% feather meal LE4 20 NCB + 4.5% feather meal
Experimentul a avut o durată de 42 zile divizată în trei perioade: perioada de iniţiere, de creştere şi de finisare, la fel şi alimentaţia puilor a fost împărţită în trei perioade. The experiment lasted 42 days, divided into three periods: the initiation, growth and finishing periods, and the chicks' diet was also divided into three periods.
Greutatea corporală apreciată la cele cinci loturi în perioada de iniţiere a fost de 287,04 g la LM şi de 292,41, 292,00, 285,75 şi 284,79 g corespunzător la LE1, LE2, LE3 şi LE4; în perioada de creştere - 661,22, 660,07, 652,77, 640,85 şi 638,53 g, iar la finele perioadei de finisare aceasta a fost de 1869,70 g la LM şi de 1927,55, 1893,75, 1819,10 şi 1812,50 g la LE1, LE2 , LE3 şi LE4. Includerea făinii de pene în raţie a favorizat creşterea masei vii a păsărilor (tab. 3). The body weight assessed in the five groups during the initiation period was 287.04 g at LM and 292.41, 292.00, 285.75 and 284.79 g correspondingly at LE1, LE2, LE3 and LE4; during the growth period - 661.22, 660.07, 652.77, 640.85 and 638.53 g, and at the end of the finishing period it was 1869.70 g at LM and 1927.55, 1893.75, 1819.10 and 1812.50 g at LE1, LE2, LE3 and LE4. The inclusion of feather meal in the ration favored the increase in the live weight of the birds (tab. 3).
Tabelul 2 Table 2
Structura reţetelor de nutreţuri combinate pe perioadele experimentale, % Structure of compound feed recipes during the experimental periods, %
Ingrediente LM Ingrediente LE1 LE2 LE3 LE4 Perioada de iniţiere Porumb 49,3 Porumb 49,3 49,3 49,3 49,3 Grâu 12,9 Grâu 13,7 12,7 12,7 11,7 Şrot de soia 22,2 Şrot de soia 22,2 22,2 21,2 21,2 Şrot de floarea-soarelui 7,1 Şrot de floarea- soarelui 6,1 6,1 6,1 6,1 Faină de peşte 1,5 Faină de pene 1,5 2,5 3,5 4,5 Ulei de soia 2,5 Ulei de soia 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 Premix 2,0 Premix 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 Cretă 2,5 Cretă 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 Perioada de creştere Porumb 50,0 Porumb 49,1 49,1 49,1 49,1 Grâu 15,2 Grâu 22,0 22,0 22,0 22,0 Şrot de soia 20,0 Şrot de soia 14,5 13,5 12,5 10,5 Şrot de floarea-soarelui 7,0 Şrot de floarea-soarelui 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0 Faină de peşte 1,0 Faină de peşte 1,5 2,5 3,5 4,5 Ulei de soia 2,3 Ulei de soia 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 Premix 2,0 Premix 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 Cretă 2,5 Cretă 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 Perioada de finisare Porumb 52,0 Porumb 49,1 49,1 49,1 49,1 Grâu 14,9 Grâu 23,0 23,0 23,0 23,0 Şrot de soia 18,0 Şrot de soia 16,0 15,0 14,0 13,0 Şrot de floarea- soarelui 7,0 Şrot de floarea-soarelui 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 Faină de peşte 1,0 Faină de peşte 1,5 2,5 3,5 4,5 Ulei de soia 2,3 Ulei de soia 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 Premix 2,0 Premix 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 Cretă 2,8 Cretă 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7Ingredients LM Ingredients LE1 LE2 LE3 LE4 Initiation period Corn 49.3 Corn 49.3 49.3 49.3 49.3 Wheat 12.9 Wheat 13.7 12.7 12.7 11.7 Soybean meal 22.2 Soybean meal 22.2 22.2 21.2 21.2 Sunflower meal 7.1 Sunflower meal 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 Fish meal 1.5 Feather meal 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 Soybean oil 2.5 Soybean oil 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Premix 2.0 Premix 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Chalk 2.5 Chalk 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 Growing period Corn 50.0 Corn 49.1 49.1 49.1 49.1 Wheat 15.2 Wheat 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 Soybean meal 20.0 Soybean meal 14.5 13.5 12.5 10.5 Sunflower meal 7.0 Sunflower meal 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 Fish meal 1.0 Fish meal 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 Soybean oil 2.3 Soybean oil 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Premix 2.0 Premix 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Chalk 2.5 Chalk 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 Finishing period Corn 52.0 Corn 49.1 49.1 49.1 49.1 Wheat 14.9 Wheat 23.0 23.0 23.0 23.0 Soybean meal 18.0 Soybean meal 16.0 15.0 14.0 13.0 Sunflower meal 7.0 Sunflower meal 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 Fish meal 1.0 Fish meal 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 Soybean oil 2.3 Soybean oil 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Premix 2.0 Premix 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Chalk 2.8 Chalk 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7
Prin urmare, s-a estimat că la sfârşitul perioadei de iniţiere (starter) puii în LE1 şi LE2, care au fost furajaţi cu nutreţ combinat suplinit cu făină de pene la nivelurile de 1,5 şi 2,5%, respectiv, au avut o greutate corporală mai mare (292,41 şi 292,00 g) în comparaţie cu lotul martor. Diferenţa a fost de 1,87 şi 1,73%, respectiv (tab. 3). Therefore, it was estimated that at the end of the starter period, chicks in LE1 and LE2, which were fed with compound feed supplemented with feather meal at levels of 1.5 and 2.5%, respectively, had a higher body weight (292.41 and 292.00 g) compared to the control group. The difference was 1.87 and 1.73%, respectively (Table 3).
Tabelul 3 Table 3
Dinamica masei vii pe perioade a puilor broiler, Dynamics of live weight by period of broiler chickens,
Loturi Perioada de creştere/ WG, g Spor absolut, g la început iniţiere creştere finisare LM 49,00±0,93 287,04±7,37 661,22±16,12 1869,70±44,57 1820,70±44,23 LE1 48,50±0,82 292,41±9,06 660,07±16,92 1927,55±39,20 1879,05±39,52 LE2 49,50±0,95 292,00±7,57 652,77±16,97 1893,75±28,77 1844,25±29,06 LE3 47,00±1,05 285,75±4,31 640,85±12,41 1819,10±36,91 1772,10±36,96 LE4 48,00±0,92 284,79±5,33 638,53±17,58 1812,50±27,21 1764,50±27,10Batches Growth period/WG, g Absolute gain, g at the beginning growth initiation finishing LM 49.00±0.93 287.04±7.37 661.22±16.12 1869.70±44.57 1820.70±44.23 LE1 48.50±0.82 292.41±9.06 660.07±16.92 1927.55±39.20 1879.05±39.52 LE2 49.50±0.95 292.00±7.57 652.77±16.97 1893.75±28.77 1844.25±29.06 LE3 47.00±1.05 285.75±4.31 640.85±12.41 1819.10±36.91 1772.10±36.96 LE4 48.00±0.92 284.79±5.33 638.53±17.58 1812.50±27.21 1764.50±27.10
La finele experimentului, puii care au fost furajaţi cu nutreţ combinat suplinit cu făină de pene la nivelul de 2,5% au avut o greutate similară cu puii din LM. După masa vie, s-a stabilit că greutatea medie a puilor broiler la vârsta de 42 de zile în lotul martor a fost de 1869,70 g, în timp ce în loturile experimentale greutatea medie a puilor a variat de la 1812,50 până la 1927,55 g. Astfel, pe parcursul întregului experiment, greutatea puilor broiler în LE1 şi LE2, care au fost furajate cu nutreţ combinat, suplinit cu făină de pene, la nivelul de 1,5% şi 2,5%, a fost mai mare de 3,21 şi respectiv, 1,29%, comparativ cu puii din LM. Datele obţinute în experiment indică faptul că, deoarece puii din LE3 şi LE4 au fost furajaţi cu nutreţ combinat suplinit cu făină de pene, la nivelurile de 3,5 şi 4,5%, greutatea lor a scăzut în comparaţie cu puii din lotul martor. At the end of the experiment, the chickens that were fed with compound feed supplemented with feather meal at the level of 2.5% had a similar weight to the chickens in the LM. According to the live weight, it was established that the average weight of the broiler chickens at the age of 42 days in the control group was 1869.70 g, while in the experimental groups the average weight of the chickens ranged from 1812.50 to 1927.55 g. Thus, throughout the entire experiment, the weight of the broiler chickens in LE1 and LE2, which were fed with compound feed supplemented with feather meal at the level of 1.5% and 2.5%, was higher by 3.21 and 1.29%, respectively, compared to the chickens in the LM. The data obtained in the experiment indicate that, because the chicks in LE3 and LE4 were fed with compound feed supplemented with feather meal, at levels of 3.5 and 4.5%, their weight decreased compared to the chicks in the control group.
Sporul absolut al masei vii pe perioada experimentală a crescut de la 1820,70 în LM până la 1879,05 şi 1844,25 g în loturile LE1 şi LE2 corespunzător. The absolute increase in live weight during the experimental period increased from 1820.70 in LM to 1879.05 and 1844.25 g in the LE1 and LE2 groups, respectively.
Tabelul 4 Table 4
Evoluţia sporului mediu zilnic al puilor broiler, Evolution of average daily gain of broiler chickens,
Loturi Sporul mediu zilnic al puilor broiler, g Perioada iniţiere Perioada creştere Perioada finisare în total per experiment LM 23,80±0,71 31,18±1,00 60,42±2,18 44,41±1,08 LE1 24,39±0,92 30,64±1,05 63,37±1,71 45,83±0,96 LE2 24,25±0,78 30,06±1,38 62,05±1,37 44,74±0,71 LE3 23,88±0,48 29,59±0,87 58,91±1,81 43,22±0,90 LE4 23,68±0,52 29,48±1,18 58,69±1,65 43,04±0,66Batches Average daily gain of broiler chickens, g Initiation period Growth period Finishing period total per experiment LM 23.80±0.71 31.18±1.00 60.42±2.18 44.41±1.08 LE1 24.39±0.92 30.64±1.05 63.37±1.71 45.83±0.96 LE2 24.25±0.78 30.06±1.38 62.05±1.37 44.74±0.71 LE3 23.88±0.48 29.59±0.87 58.91±1.81 43.22±0.90 LE4 23.68±0.52 29.48±1.18 58.69±1.65 43.04±0.66
Sporul mediu zilnic (tab. 4) pe perioadele de creştere, precum şi pe întreaga perioadă experimentală a fost mai mare la puii din LE1 şi LE2 faţă de LM, LE3 şi LE4. Sporurile realizate de loturile experimentale în medie pe perioada experimentală (LM - 44,41 g şi respectiv la LE1, LE2, LE3, LE4 - 45,83, 44,74, 43,22 şi 43,04 g) reflectă şi valoarea nutrutivă a nutreţurilor combinate utilizate care au permis exprimarea acestui deziderat. The average daily gain (tab. 4) during the growth periods, as well as during the entire experimental period, was higher in chickens from LE1 and LE2 than in LM, LE3 and LE4. The gains achieved by the experimental groups on average during the experimental period (LM - 44.41 g and respectively in LE1, LE2, LE3, LE4 - 45.83, 44.74, 43.22 and 43.04 g) also reflect the nutritional value of the combined feeds used that allowed the expression of this desire.
Consumul de furaje (tab. 5) ne arată aceeaşi tendinţă în loturile experimentale LE1 şi LE2, fiind mai scăzut în comparaţie cu LM pe întreaga perioadă de creştere cu 72,6 şi 179,4 g, iar consumul specific la 1 kg spor în greutate a variat de la 1,55 până la 1,70 kg. Feed consumption (tab. 5) shows the same trend in experimental groups LE1 and LE2, being lower compared to LM throughout the growth period by 72.6 and 179.4 g, and the specific consumption per 1 kg of weight gain varied from 1.55 to 1.70 kg.
Tabelul 5 Table 5
Consumul specific la 1 kg spor în greutate al puilor broiler Specific consumption per 1 kg of weight gain of broiler chickens
Indici Loturi LM LE1 LE2 LE3 LE4 Sporul absolut pe toată perioada experimentală, g/cap 1820,70 1879,05 1844,25 1772,10 1764,50 Consumul de nutreţ combinat pe toată perioada, g/cap 3034,90 2962,30 2855,50 2967,35 3005,35 Consumul specific la 1 kg spor în greutate, kg 1,67 1,58 1,55 1,67 1,70 Diferenţa consumului specific faţă de LM, kg - -0,09 -0,12 - +0,03 Diferenţa consumului specific faţă de LM, % - -5,39 -7,19 - +1,80Indices Batches LM LE1 LE2 LE3 LE4 Absolute gain over the entire experimental period, g/head 1820.70 1879.05 1844.25 1772.10 1764.50 Combined feed consumption over the entire period, g/head 3034.90 2962.30 2855.50 2967.35 3005.35 Specific consumption per 1 kg weight gain, kg 1.67 1.58 1.55 1.67 1.70 Difference in specific consumption compared to LM, kg - -0.09 -0.12 - +0.03 Difference in specific consumption compared to LM, % - -5.39 -7.19 - +1.80
Consumul specific (rata de conversie a furajului în spor) a fost mai mare în LE4 cu 1,80% faţă de LM; o bună conversie a furajelor au demonstrat cele două loturi LE1 şi LE2 în total pe perioada experimentală la nivelul de 1,58 şi 1,55 kg nutreţ combinat pentru 1 kg spor în greutate, ceea ce constituie cu 5,39 şi 7,19% mai puţin faţă de puii din LM. Specific consumption (feed conversion rate into weight gain) was higher in LE4 by 1.80% compared to LM; good feed conversion was demonstrated by the two groups LE1 and LE2 in total during the experimental period at the level of 1.58 and 1.55 kg of combined feed for 1 kg of weight gain, which is 5.39 and 7.19% less than chickens in LM.
S-a constatat că randamentul la sacrificare (tab. 6) a fost mai mare la puii broiler din LE2 şi LE3 corespunzător cu 80,39 şi 80,02%, ce a fost mai mare cu 2,57 şi 2,2% comparativ cu LM. It was found that the slaughter yield (tab. 6) was higher in broiler chickens from LE2 and LE3, correspondingly by 80.39 and 80.02%, which was higher by 2.57 and 2.2% compared to LM.
Tabelul 6 Table 6
Rezultatele la sacrificarea puilor broiler Results of slaughtering broiler chickens
Loturi Masa puiului până la sacrificare, g Masa carcasei semieviscerate, g Randamentul la sacrificare, % LM 1866,67±176,388 1454,00±165,162 77,82±3,812 LE1 2060,00±90,740 1620,67±94,629 78,57±1,182 LE 2 1864,3±43,499 1498,33±39,334 80,39±1,556 LE 3 1884,00±27,737 1508,33±47,176 80,02±1,394 LE 4 1896,67±98,378 1496,33±94,812 78,81±1,289Batches Chicken weight until slaughter, g Semi-eviscerated carcass weight, g Slaughter yield, % LM 1866.67±176.388 1454.00±165.162 77.82±3.812 LE1 2060.00±90.740 1620.67±94.629 78.57±1.182 LE 2 1864.3±43.499 1498.33±39.334 80.39±1.556 LE 3 1884.00±27.737 1508.33±47.176 80.02±1.394 LE 4 1896.67±98.378 1496.33±94.812 78.81±1.289
În concluzie menţionăm că (tab. 7) nutreţul combinat administrat în LE1 şi LE2 a avut un impact pozitiv asupra creşterii puilor broiler sporind masa corporală cu 3,09 şi, respectiv, 1,29%, sporul mediu zilnic cu 3,20 şi 0,74%, totodată, s-a redus consumul specific de furaje cu 72,6 şi 179,4 g sau 2,39 şi 5,91%, indicând un profit net cu 23,21 şi 22,33% mai mare faţă de LM. Pe când soluţia cea mai apropiată nu a permis obţinerea unui efect economic. In conclusion, we mention that (tab. 7) the combined feed administered in LE1 and LE2 had a positive impact on the growth of broiler chickens, increasing body mass by 3.09 and, respectively, 1.29%, the average daily gain by 3.20 and 0.74%, at the same time, the specific feed consumption was reduced by 72.6 and 179.4 g or 2.39 and 5.91%, indicating a net profit 23.21 and 22.33% higher than LM. While the closest solution did not allow obtaining an economic effect.
Tabelul 7 Table 7
Eficienţa economică în experiment Economic efficiency in the experiment
Indici Loturi LM LE1 LE2 LE3 LE4 Sporul absolut pentru un cap pe experienţă, g 1820,70 1879,05 1844,25 1772,10 1764,50 Sporul absolut pentru un lot pe experienţă, kg 36,41 37,58 36,88 35,44 35,29 Preţul de realizare a 1 kg masă vie, lei 21,00 Costul sporului absolut al masei vii a puilor, lei 764,61 789,18 774,48 744,24 741,09 Cheltuielile de nutreţ combinat pe lot pe perioada experimentală, kg 60,70 59,25 57,11 59,35 60,11 Preţul 1 kg nutreţ combinat în medie, lei 7,50 Costul nutreţului combinat cheltuit pe perioada experimentală, lei 455,25 444,38 428,33 445,13 450,83 Cantitatea de făină de peşte/pene cheltuită pe perioada experimentală, kg 0,91 0,89 1,43 2,08 2,70 Preţul 1kg făină de peşte / făină de pene, lei 38,0 7,0 Costul făinii de pene utilizate pe perioada experimentală, lei 34,58 6,23 10,01 14,56 18,90 Cheltuielile totale pe perioada experimentală, lei 489,83 450,61 438,34 459,69 469,73 Venitul condiţionat obţinut de la creşterea puilor broiler, lei 274,78 338,57 336,14 284,55 271,36 Diferenţa venitului condiţionat pe lot faţă de LM, lei - +63,79 +61,36 +3,56 -3,42 Diferenţa venitului condiţionat pe lot faţă de LM, % - +23,21 +22,33 +6,49 -1,24Indices Batches LM LE1 LE2 LE3 LE4 Absolute gain for one head per experiment, g 1820.70 1879.05 1844.25 1772.10 1764.50 Absolute gain for one batch per experiment, kg 36.41 37.58 36.88 35.44 35.29 Price of 1 kg of live weight, lei 21.00 Cost of absolute gain of live weight of chickens, lei 764.61 789.18 774.48 744.24 741.09 Combined feed expenses per batch during the experimental period, kg 60.70 59.25 57.11 59.35 60.11 Average price of 1 kg of combined feed, lei 7.50 Cost of combined feed spent during the experimental period, lei 455.25 444.38 428.33 445.13 450.83 Quantity of fishmeal/feather meal spent during the experimental period, kg 0.91 0.89 1.43 2.08 2.70 Price of 1kg of fishmeal/feather meal, lei 38.0 7.0 Cost of feather meal used during the experimental period, lei 34.58 6.23 10.01 14.56 18.90 Total expenses during the experimental period, lei 489.83 450.61 438.34 459.69 469.73 Conditional income obtained from raising broiler chickens, lei 274.78 338.57 336.14 284.55 271.36 Conditional income difference per lot compared to LM, lei - +63.79 +61.36 +3.56 -3.42 Conditional income difference per lot compared to LM, % - +23.21 +22.33 +6.49 -1.24
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| MD4101B1 (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2011-03-31 | Universitatya Agrareh De Stat Din Moldova | Process for stimulating the productivity of broiler chickens |
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| US4908220A (en) * | 1988-03-31 | 1990-03-13 | North Carolina State University | Feather-lysate, a hydrolyzed feather feed ingredient and animal feeds containing the same |
| MD2896F1 (en) * | 2004-12-29 | 2005-11-30 | Nicolai EREMIA | Process for chicken broiler breeding |
| MD4101B1 (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2011-03-31 | Universitatya Agrareh De Stat Din Moldova | Process for stimulating the productivity of broiler chickens |
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