MD1044Z - Process for feeding pigs - Google Patents
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- MD1044Z MD1044Z MDS20150133A MDS20150133A MD1044Z MD 1044 Z MD1044 Z MD 1044Z MD S20150133 A MDS20150133 A MD S20150133A MD S20150133 A MDS20150133 A MD S20150133A MD 1044 Z MD1044 Z MD 1044Z
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Landscapes
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
Invenţia se referă la zootehnie, şi anume la un procedeu de hrănire a porcinelor.Procedeul, conform invenţiei, prevede furajarea porcinelor în perioada de creştere cu nutreţ combinat ce conţine, în % mas.: porumb - 24,65, orz - 30,0, grâu - 10,0, mazăre - 10,0, şrot de soia - 5,0, extrudat de soia - 6,0, tărâţe de grâu - 6,0, făină de peşte - 5,0, premix vitamino-mineral - 2,5, sare - 0,35, cretă - 0,5, în cantitate de 0,7…1,0 kg/cap/zi, iar în perioada de creştere-finisare cu nutreţ combinat ce conţine, în % mas.: porumb - 31,0, orz - 26,0, grâu - 24,0, şrot de soia - 15,0, premix vitamino-mineral - 2,5, sare - 0,5, cretă - 1,0 în cantitate de 2,0…2,5 kg/cap/zi.Rezultatul constă în majorarea productivităţii porcinelor.The invention relates to animal husbandry, namely to a process for feeding the pigs. The process according to the invention provides for the feeding of pigs during the period of growth with combined feed containing, in mass%: maize - 24.65, barley - 30.0 , wheat - 10.0, peas - 10.0, soybean meal - 5.0, soy extruded - 6.0, wheat bran - 6.0, fish meal - 5.0, vitamin-mineral premix - 2.5, salt - 0.35, chalk - 0.5, in the amount of 0.7… 1.0 kg / head / day, and during the growth-finishing period with combined feed containing, in mass%: corn - 31.0, barley - 26.0, wheat - 24.0, soybean meal - 15.0, vitamin-mineral premix - 2.5, salt - 0.5, chalk - 1.0 in 2 quantity , 0… 2,5 kg / head / day. The result is increased pig productivity.
Description
Invenţia se referă la zootehnie, şi anume la un procedeu de hrănire a porcinelor pentru creşterea productivităţii acestora. The invention relates to animal husbandry, namely to a process for feeding pigs to increase their productivity.
Sunt cunoscute mai multe procedee de creştere a porcinelor, totodată în tehnologiile intensive de întreţinere a porcinelor, furajarea biologic echilibrată constituie un factor decisiv în obţinerea unei productivităţi sporite. Deficitul de proteină în reţetele destinate porcinelor este considerat ca unul din factorii care reţine creşterea şi productivitatea lor [Баканов В.Н., Менькин В.К. Кормление сельскохозяйственных животных. Москва, Агропромиздат, 1989, p. 395, 402-411]. Several methods of pig breeding are known, and in intensive pig keeping technologies, biologically balanced feeding is a decisive factor in achieving increased productivity. Protein deficiency in pig diets is considered one of the factors that restrains their growth and productivity [Bakanov V.N., Men'kin V.K. Feeding of agricultural animals. Moscow, Agropromizdat, 1989, p. 395, 402-411].
Normele furajere contemporane sunt alcătuite fără a lua în calcul specializarea raselor de porcine. Nivelul concentraţiei de proteină în reţetele pentru tineretul porcin pe parcursul perioadei de creştere constituie în nutreţul uscat 14,0 şi 15,0%, iar al energiei metabolice este de 11,7…10,5 MJ [Калашников А.П., Фисинин В.И., Щеглов В. В. Нормы и рационы кормления сельскохозяйственных животных. Справочное пособие. 3-е издание, 2003, p. 456]. Modern feed standards are compiled without taking into account the specialization of pig breeds. The level of protein concentration in recipes for young pigs during the growth period is 14.0 and 15.0% in dry matter, and the metabolic energy is 11.7…10.5 MJ [Kalashnikov A.P., Fisinin V.I., Shcheglov V.V. Norms and rations for feeding agricultural animals. Reference manual. 3rd edition, 2003, p. 456].
Este cunoscut nutreţul pentru hrănirea animalelor, ce conţine în componenţa sa ingrediente de origine vegetală şi animală, iar în calitate de aditiv zeolit [1]. Animal feed is known to contain ingredients of plant and animal origin, and as an additive zeolite [1].
Mai este cunoscut nutreţul pentru creşterea animalelor, ce conţine în componenţa sa orz, grâu, premix P51-1, tărâţe de grâu, pleavă hidrolizată de mei şi făină de oase [2]. Animal feed is also known, which contains barley, wheat, P51-1 premix, wheat bran, hydrolyzed millet husk and bone meal [2].
De asemenea este cunoscut procedeul de utilizare a nutreţului pentru porcine, ce conţine orz, grâu, premix P51-1, şrot de floarea-soarelui, adaos de pleavă de orez, făină de origine animală şi sare [3]. The process of using pig feed, which contains barley, wheat, P51-1 premix, sunflower meal, addition of rice husk, animal flour and salt, is also known [3].
Cea mai apropiată soluţie după esenţa sa este procedeul de creştere a porcinelor, care prevede furajarea acestora cu utilizarea unei reţete cu următoarea structură, % masă: orz - 44,7, grâu - 16,0, tărâţe de grâu - 8,0, şrot de soia - 6,5, făină de iarbă - 12,0, făină de peşte - 3,5, lapte uscat degresat - 2,0, drojdii furajere - 2,0, grăsime furajeră - 2,8, fosfat defluorat - 1,0, cretă - 0,6, sare - 0,4, premix P51-1 - 0,5 [4]. The closest solution in its essence is the pig breeding process, which provides for their feeding using a recipe with the following structure, % mass: barley - 44.7, wheat - 16.0, wheat bran - 8.0, soybean meal - 6.5, grass meal - 12.0, fish meal - 3.5, skimmed milk powder - 2.0, feed yeast - 2.0, feed fat - 2.8, defluorinated phosphate - 1.0, chalk - 0.6, salt - 0.4, premix P51-1 - 0.5 [4].
Dezavantajele acestor procedee constau în faptul că nutreţurile au o anumită valoare nutritivă, însă au şi un preţ de cost sporit şi sunt insuficient echilibrate după conţinutul de proteină, precum şi după corelarea conţinutului de proteină şi nivelului de energie în reţetă; reţetele de nutreţ combinat sunt elaborate fără a lua în calcul particularităţile nutritive ale materiei prime furajere utilizate în componenţa nutreţurilor combinate în condiţiile regiunii date; conţinut sporit de proteină brută (la nivel de 17…18%) în nutreţurile combinate elaborate şi preparate în baza acestor procedee; fiind compuse din componente costisitoare preţul de cost al producţiei obţinute este mare; nu sunt luate în calcul nivelurile necesare de proteină brută şi energie metabolică, precum şi corelarea lor, fiziologic mai corespunzătoare pentru porcinele cu un potenţial sporit de creştere. The disadvantages of these processes are that the feeds have a certain nutritional value, but they also have an increased cost price and are insufficiently balanced according to the protein content, as well as the correlation of the protein content and the energy level in the recipe; the recipes of combined feeds are developed without taking into account the nutritional particularities of the feed raw material used in the composition of the combined feeds under the conditions of the given region; increased content of crude protein (at the level of 17…18%) in the combined feeds developed and prepared based on these processes; being composed of expensive components, the cost price of the obtained production is high; the necessary levels of crude protein and metabolic energy, as well as their correlation, physiologically more appropriate for pigs with increased growth potential, are not taken into account.
Problema pe care o rezolvă invenţia propusă constă în elaborarea unui procedeu de creştere a porcinelor din contul furajării cu nutreţuri combinate echilibrate pe perioadele de creştere, majorarea randamentului la sacrificare şi a calităţilor cărnii. The problem solved by the proposed invention consists in developing a process for raising pigs by feeding them with balanced combined feeds during the growing periods, increasing the slaughter yield and meat quality.
Procedeul de hrănire a porcinelor prevede furajarea acestora în perioada de creştere cu nutreţ combinat ce conţine, în % mas.: porumb - 24,65, orz - 30,0, grâu - 10,0, mazăre - 10,0, şrot de soia - 5,0, extrudat de soia - 6,0, tărâţe de grâu - 6,0, făină de peşte - 5,0, premix vitamino-mineral - 2,5, sare - 0,35, cretă - 0,50, în cantitate de 0,7…1,0 kg/cap/zi, iar în perioada de creştere-finisare cu nutreţ combinat ce conţine, în % mas.: porumb - 31,0, orz - 26,0, grâu - 24,0, şrot de soia - 15,0, premix vitamino-mineral - 2,5, sare - 0,5, cretă - 1,0, în cantitate de 2,0…2,5 kg/cap/zi. The feeding process for pigs provides for feeding them during the growing period with combined feed containing, in % mass: corn - 24.65, barley - 30.0, wheat - 10.0, peas - 10.0, soybean meal - 5.0, soybean extrudate - 6.0, wheat bran - 6.0, fish meal - 5.0, vitamin-mineral premix - 2.5, salt - 0.35, chalk - 0.50, in an amount of 0.7…1.0 kg/head/day, and during the growing-finishing period with combined feed containing, in % mass: corn - 31.0, barley - 26.0, wheat - 24.0, soybean meal - 15.0, vitamin-mineral premix - 2.5, salt - 0.5, chalk - 1.0, in an amount of 2.0…2.5 kg/head/day.
Procedeul permite sporirea productivităţii porcinelor: a masei vii cu 3,94%, a sporului mediu zilnic pe perioada experimentală în medie cu 4,03%, micşorând consumul specific cu 4,97%, asigurând creşterea eficienţei economice la nivel de 146,03 lei/cap. The process allows increasing the productivity of pigs: live weight by 3.94%, average daily gain during the experimental period by an average of 4.03%, reducing specific consumption by 4.97%, ensuring increased economic efficiency at the level of 146.03 lei/head.
Procedeul permite creşterea productivităţii porcinelor, oferă sporirea productivităţii tineretului porcin în creştere din contul furajării cu nutreţuri combinate echilibrate, având în perioada de creştere o concentraţie de proteină brută de 15,03% şi energie metabolică de 12,46 MJ, iar în perioada de creştere-finisare, până când aceştia ating greutatea de sacrificare, o concentraţie a proteinei brute de 14,65% şi energie metabolică de 12,46 MJ. Furajarea porcinelor pe parcursul perioadei de creştere a constituit în medie pe zi 0,7…1,0 kg/cap, corespunzător în perioada creştere-finisare furajarea a constituit în medie pe zi - 2,0…2,5 kg/cap. The process allows for increased pig productivity, provides increased productivity of growing young pigs due to feeding with balanced compound feeds, having during the growth period a crude protein concentration of 15.03% and metabolic energy of 12.46 MJ, and during the growth-finishing period, until they reach slaughter weight, a crude protein concentration of 14.65% and metabolic energy of 12.46 MJ. Feeding of pigs during the growth period amounted to an average of 0.7…1.0 kg/head per day, correspondingly during the growth-finishing period the feeding amounted to an average of - 2.0…2.5 kg/head per day.
Procedeul de hrănire a porcinelor asigură o intensificare a creşterii porcinelor din contul corelării optimale a proteinei brute şi a energiei metabolice din componenţa nutreţurilor combinate echilibrate pe perioadele de creştere, totodată sporeşte masa vie şi sporul mediu zilnic, micşorează consumul de furaje şi îmbunătăţeşte conversia lor, majorează randamentul la sacrificare şi calităţile cărnii cu micşorarea preţului de cost al producţiei şi obţinerea unui venit condiţionat. The pig feeding process ensures an intensification of pig growth due to the optimal correlation of crude protein and metabolic energy in the composition of balanced combined feeds during the growth periods, at the same time it increases live weight and average daily gain, reduces feed consumption and improves their conversion, increases slaughter yield and meat qualities with a decrease in the cost price of production and obtaining a conditional income.
Exemplu de realizare a invenţiei Example of embodiment of the invention
Animalele au fost repartizate randomizat [Овсянников A. Основы опытного дела в животноводстве. Москва, 1976. - 304 p.], câte 10 capete de aceeaşi vârstă în lot, cazate în acelaşi adăpost şi beneficiind de aceleaşi condiţii de mediu (tab.1). The animals were randomly distributed [Ovsyannikov A. Fundamentals of experimental business in animal husbandry. Moscow, 1976. - 304 p.], 10 animals of the same age per group, housed in the same shelter and benefiting from the same environmental conditions (tab. 1).
Tabelul 1 Table 1
Schema experienţei The scheme of experience
Lot Numărul de animale, cap Rasa Particularităţile alimentaţiei LM 10 F2 L x P NC LE1 10 F2 L x P NCa LE2 10 F2 L x P NCb LE3 10 F2 L x P NCc Batch Number of animals, head Breed Particularities of feeding LM 10 F2 L x D NC LE1 10 F2 L x D NCa LE2 10 F2 L x D NCb LE3 10 F2 L x D NCc
Perioada experimentală a avut o durată de 148 de zile divizată în doua perioade: perioada de creştere şi perioada de creştere-finisare (tab. 2). The experimental period lasted 148 days, divided into two periods: the growth period and the growth-finishing period (Table 2).
Tabelul 2 Table 2
Structura reţetelor de nutreţuri combinate pe perioadele experimentale Structure of compound feed recipes during the experimental periods
Ingrediente, % Perioada experimentală creştere creştere-finisare LMNC LE1 NCa LE2 NCb LE3 NCc LMNC LE1 NCa LE2 NCb LE3 NCc Porumb 38,65 32,15 18,65 24,65 23,0 28,0 23,0 31,0 Orz 8,0 20,0 30,0 30,0 21,5 25,0 24,0 26,0 Mazăre 10,0 10,0 10,0 10,0 - - - - Grâu 10,0 10,0 10,0 10,0 32,0 25,5 32,0 24,0 Şrot de soia 11,0 5,0 11,0 5,0 17,0 15,0 17,0 15,0 Extrudat de soia - 6,0 6,0 6,0 - - - - Tărâţă de grâu 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 - - - - Făină de peşte 5,0 5,0 50,0 5,0 - - - - Premix* 2,5* 2,5* 2,5* 2,5* 2,5** 2,5** 2,5** 2,5** Sare 0,35 0,35 0,35 0,35 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 Cretă 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 Ulei de soia 2,0 2,5 - - 2,5 2,5 - -Ingredients, % Experimental period growth growth-finishing LMNC LE1 NCa LE2 NCb LE3 NCc LMNC LE1 NCa LE2 NCb LE3 NCc Corn 38.65 32.15 18.65 24.65 23.0 28.0 23.0 31.0 Barley 8.0 20.0 30.0 30.0 21.5 25.0 24.0 26.0 Peas 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 - - - - Wheat 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 32.0 25.5 32.0 24.0 Soybean meal 11.0 5.0 11.0 5.0 17.0 15.0 17.0 15.0 Soybean extrudate - 6.0 6.0 6.0 - - - - Wheat bran 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 - - - - Fish meal 5.0 5.0 50.0 5.0 - - - - Premix* 2.5* 2.5* 2.5* 2.5* 2.5** 2.5** 2.5** 2.5** Salt 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Chalk 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Soybean oil 2.0 2.5 - - 2.5 2.5 - -
*Premixurile sunt produse de firma cehă „Tekro spol. s r.o.” şi destinate tineretului porcin în creştere administrat în proporţie de 2,5% din componenţa nutreţului combinat respectiv - premixul „ТКП - С В1*” în perioada de creştere (2…4 luni) şi premixul „ТКП - С В2**” în perioada de creştere-finisare (4 luni - sacrificare) [http://www.tekro.cz/ru]. Componenţa premixului este indicată în tab. 3. *Premixes are produced by the Czech company "Tekro spol. s r.o." and intended for growing young pigs administered in a proportion of 2.5% of the composition of the respective combined feed - premix "ТКП - С В1*" during the growing period (2...4 months) and premix "ТКП - С В2**" during the growing-finishing period (4 months - slaughter) [http://www.tekro.cz/ru]. The composition of the premix is indicated in tab. 3.
Hrănirea porcinelor, împărţite în patru loturi (LMNC, LE1 NCa, LE2 NCb şi LE3 NCc), s-a efectuat cu nutreţuri combinate cu conţinut diferit de proteină brută (%) şi de energie metabolică (MJ) corespunzător (15,14; 14,56; 15,93 şi 15,03% şi cu un conţinut energetic de 13,14; 13,17; 12,36 şi 12,46 MJ - în perioada de creştere şi 15,59; 14,55; 15,83 şi 14,65% cu un conţinut de energie de 13,04; 13,02; 12,45 şi 12,46 MJ respectiv în perioada creştere-finisare). The pigs, divided into four groups (LMNC, LE1 NCa, LE2 NCb and LE3 NCc), were fed with mixed feeds with different crude protein content (%) and corresponding metabolic energy (MJ) (15.14; 14.56; 15.93 and 15.03% and with an energy content of 13.14; 13.17; 12.36 and 12.46 MJ - during the growing period and 15.59; 14.55; 15.83 and 14.65% with an energy content of 13.04; 13.02; 12.45 and 12.46 MJ respectively during the growing-finishing period).
Tabelul 3 Table 3
Componenţa premixului pentru porcine administrat pe perioadele de creştere şi creştere-finisare Composition of the premix for pigs administered during the growing and growing-finishing periods
Denumirea ingredientelor Unitatea de măsură 1 kg de produs conţine ТКП - С В1* ТКП - С В2** Calciu % 15,0 7,0 Magneziu % 0,5 2,5 Sodiu % 4,0 5,0 Fosfor % 7,0 4,0 Metionină % - 1,0 Lizină % 2,0 3,0 Vitamina A U. I. 1000000 630000 Vitamina D3 U. I. 120000 120000 Vitamina E mg 2500 2400 Vitamina K3 mg 100 100 Vitamina B1 mg 100 140 Vitamina B2 mg 370 260 Vitamina B6 mg 100 160 Vitamina B12 mcg 2000 1600 Vitamina Bc mg 20 21 Vitamina B5 mg 2000 2000 Vitamina B3 mg 1200 600 Zinc mg 7000 7000 Mangan mg 3900 2500 Fier mg 10000 3000 Cupru mg 1500 2000 Iod mg 75 40 Cobalt mg 30 20 Seleniu mg 30 30 Antioxidant (Butilhidroxitoluen + Etoxiquină) mg 400+180 400 + 180 Aromatizator (Cuxarome Fruit 212) mg 15000 - Calcar kg cel mult 1 cel mult 1Name of ingredients Unit of measurement 1 kg of product contains ТКП - С В1* ТКП - С В2** Calcium % 15.0 7.0 Magnesium % 0.5 2.5 Sodium % 4.0 5.0 Phosphorus % 7.0 4.0 Methionine % - 1.0 Lysine % 2.0 3.0 Vitamin A IU 1000000 630000 Vitamin D3 IU 120000 120000 Vitamin E mg 2500 2400 Vitamin K3 mg 100 100 Vitamin B1 mg 100 140 Vitamin B2 mg 370 260 Vitamin B6 mg 100 160 Vitamin B12 mcg 2000 1600 Vitamin Bc mg 20 21 Vitamin B5 mg 2000 2000 Vitamin B3 mg 1200 600 Zinc mg 7000 7000 Manganese mg 3900 2500 Iron mg 10000 3000 Copper mg 1500 2000 Iodine mg 75 40 Cobalt mg 30 20 Selenium mg 30 30 Antioxidant (Butylhydroxytoluene + Ethoxyquin) mg 400+180 400 + 180 Flavoring (Cuxarome Fruit 212) mg 15000 - Limestone kg maximum 1 maximum 1
Tabelul 4 Table 4
Indicii de calitate ai reţetelor de nutreţuri combinate pe perioadele experimentale Quality indices of compound feed recipes during the experimental periods
Specificare Perioada experimentală creştere creştere-finisare LMNC LE1 NCa LE2 NCb LE3 NCc LMNC LE1 NCa LE2 NCb LE3 NCc Substanţa uscată, % 85,30 85,28 85,13 84,99 84,74 84,78 84,41 84,45 Energie metabolică, MJ 13,14 13,17 12,36 12,46 13,04 13,02 12,45 12,46 Proteină brută, % 15,14 14,56 15,93 15,03 15,59 14,55 15,83 14,65 Celuloză brută, % 5,00 5,00 5,30 5,10 3,61 3,59 3,74 3,67 Lizină, % 0,85 0,80 0,87 0,83 0,94 0,92 0,95 0,93 Metionină + Cistină, % 0,31 0,33 0,32 0,34 0,32 0,31 0,32 0,32 Treonină, % 0,35 0,34 0,37 0,35 0,54 0,50 0,55 0,54 Natriu, % 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,38 0,38 0,38 0,38 Calciu, % 0,75 0,74 0,77 0,75 0,68 0,67 0,68 0,67 Fosfor, % 0,60 0,58 0,64 0,60 0,52 0,52 0,53 0,53Specification Experimental period growth growth-finishing LMNC LE1 NCa LE2 NCb LE3 NCc LMNC LE1 NCa LE2 NCb LE3 NCc Dry matter, % 85.30 85.28 85.13 84.99 84.74 84.78 84.41 84.45 Metabolic energy, MJ 13.14 13.17 12.36 12.46 13.04 13.02 12.45 12.46 Crude protein, % 15.14 14.56 15.93 15.03 15.59 14.55 15.83 14.65 Crude cellulose, % 5.00 5.00 5.30 5.10 3.61 3.59 3.74 3.67 Lysine, % 0.85 0.80 0.87 0.83 0.94 0.92 0.95 0.93 Methionine + Cystine, % 0.31 0.33 0.32 0.34 0.32 0.31 0.32 0.32 Threonine, % 0.35 0.34 0.37 0.35 0.54 0.50 0.55 0.54 Sodium, % 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.38 0.38 0.38 Calcium, % 0.75 0.74 0.77 0.75 0.68 0.67 0.68 0.67 Phosphorus, % 0.60 0.58 0.64 0.60 0.52 0.52 0.53 0.53
Greutatea corporală realizată la cele patru loturi experimentale (tab. 5) în perioada de creştere a fost de 39,80 kg la LMNC şi 37,70, 37,40, 38,50 kg corespunzător la LE1 NCa, LE2 NCb şi LE3 NCc, iar la finele perioadei de creştere-finisare aceasta a fost de 93,90 kg la LMNC şi 90,40, 97,20, 97,60 kg la LE1 NCa, LE2 NCb şi, respectiv, LE3 NCc . The body weight achieved in the four experimental groups (tab. 5) during the growth period was 39.80 kg in LMNC and 37.70, 37.40, 38.50 kg correspondingly in LE1 NCa, LE2 NCb and LE3 NCc, and at the end of the growth-finishing period it was 93.90 kg in LMNC and 90.40, 97.20, 97.60 kg in LE1 NCa, LE2 NCb and, respectively, LE3 NCc.
Tabelul 5 Table 5
Masa vie corporală a porcinelor, Live body weight of pigs,
Lot Masa medie a unei scrofiţe pe parcursul experienţei, kg la începutul experienţei propriu-zise la finele perioadei de creştere de creştere-finisare LMNC 13,12±0,216 39,80±1,604 93,90±1,069 LE1 NCa 12,90±0,482 37,70±1,350 90,40±1,771 LE2 NCb 13,92±0,276 37,40±2,045 97,20±1,818 LE3 NCc 13,57±0,378 38,50±1,157 97,60±2,034Lot Average weight of a sow during the experiment, kg at the beginning of the experiment itself at the end of the growing-finishing period LMNC 13.12±0.216 39.80±1.604 93.90±1.069 LE1 NCa 12.90±0.482 37.70±1.350 90.40±1.771 LE2 NCb 13.92±0.276 37.40±2.045 97.20±1.818 LE3 NCc 13.57±0.378 38.50±1.157 97.60±2.034
La finele perioadei de creştere, greutatea corporală a fost mai mare în LMNC cu 5,28% faţă de LE1 NCa, cu 6,03% şi, respectiv, 3,27% faţă de LE2 NCb şi LE3 NCc, pe când la finele perioadei de creştere-finisare s-a observat cea mai mare greutate vie la purcei în LE3 NCc (97,60 kg), ceea ce este semnificativ mai mare faţă de loturile LMNC, LE1 NCa şi LE2 NCb cu 3,79%; 7,38% şi, respectiv, 0,41%. At the end of the growing period, body weight was higher in LMNC by 5.28% compared to LE1 NCa, by 6.03% and, respectively, 3.27% compared to LE2 NCb and LE3 NCc, while at the end of the growing-finishing period, the highest live weight was observed in piglets in LE3 NCc (97.60 kg), which is significantly higher than the LMNC, LE1 NCa and LE2 NCb groups by 3.79%; 7.38% and, respectively, 0.41%.
Sporul absolut al masei vii pe perioada experimentală creşte de la 80,78 kg la LMNC până la 83,28 şi 84,03 kg în loturile LE2 NCb şi LE3 NCc. The absolute increase in live weight during the experimental period increases from 80.78 kg in LMNC to 83.28 and 84.03 kg in the LE2 NCb and LE3 NCc groups.
La vârsta atingerii masei vii de sacrificare cele mai precoce sau adeverit scrofiţele din LE3 NCc care au primit nutreţ combinat cu un conţinut de 12,46 MJ energie metabolică şi 15,03% proteină brută în perioada de creştere şi nivelul de 12,46 MJ şi 14,65% proteină brută pe perioada de creştere-finisare. At the age of reaching the earliest slaughter live weight, the gilts from LE3 NCc that received combined feed with a content of 12.46 MJ metabolic energy and 15.03% crude protein during the growth period and the level of 12.46 MJ and 14.65% crude protein during the growth-finishing period were confirmed.
Tabelul 6 Table 6
Evoluţia sporului mediu zilnic al porcinelor, Evolution of the average daily gain of pigs,
Lot Sporul mediu zilnic, kg pe perioada de creştere pe perioada de creştere-finisare în mediu pe experienţă LMNC 0,417±0,026 0,644±0,018 0,546±0,008 LE1 NCa 0,388±0,022 0,627±0,016 0,524±0,013 LE2 NCb 0,367±0,030 0,712±0,028 0,563±0,012 LE3 NCc 0,390±0,018 0,704±0,014 0,568±0,014Batch Average daily gain, kg during the growing period during the growing-finishing period in average per experience LMNC 0.417±0.026 0.644±0.018 0.546±0.008 LE1 NCa 0.388±0.022 0.627±0.016 0.524±0.013 LE2 NCb 0.367±0.030 0.712±0.028 0.563±0.012 LE3 NCc 0.390±0.018 0.704±0.014 0.568±0.014
Sporul mediu zilnic (tab. 6) pe perioada de creştere, cât şi pe întreaga perioadă experimentală a fost mai mare la scrofiţele din LE3 NCc faţă de LMNC, LE1 NCa şi LE2 NCb. Sporurile realizate de loturile experimentale pe perioada experimentală (LMNC - 0,546 kg şi respectiv la LE1 NCa, LE2 NCb; LE3 NCc - 0,524, 0,563 şi 0,568 kg) reflectă şi valoarea nutritivă a nutreţurilor combinate utilizate care au permis valorificarea acestui potenţial genetic. The average daily gain (tab. 6) during the growth period, as well as during the entire experimental period, was higher in gilts from LE3 NCc compared to LMNC, LE1 NCa and LE2 NCb. The gains achieved by the experimental groups during the experimental period (LMNC - 0.546 kg and respectively at LE1 NCa, LE2 NCb; LE3 NCc - 0.524, 0.563 and 0.568 kg) also reflect the nutritional value of the combined feeds used that allowed the exploitation of this genetic potential.
Consumul de furaje (tab. 7) a fost apropiat la cele două loturi LE1 NCa şi LE2 NCb, fiind pe perioada de creştere de 456,67 şi 456,65 kg, în perioada de creştere-finisare a rămas aceeaşi tendinţă. Feed consumption (tab. 7) was similar in the two batches LE1 NCa and LE2 NCb, being 456.67 and 456.65 kg during the growth period, while the same trend remained during the growth-finishing period.
Tabelul 7 Table 7
Consumul de furaje la porcine, Feed consumption in pigs,
Consumul cumulat de nutreţ, kg/cap Loturi LMNC LE1 NCa LE2 NCb LE3 NCc pe perioada de creştere 45,54 45,67 45,66 43,32 pe perioada de creştere-finisare 246,92 242,35 243,21 245,70 pe perioada experimentală (total) 292,46 288,02 288,87 289,02 diferenţe, faţă de LMNC , % 100,00 98,48 98,77 98,82 consum specific, kg/kg spor 3,62 3,72 3,47 3,44 consum specific, % faţă de LMNC 100,00 102,76 95,86 95,03 diferenţa faţă de LMNC, % - +2,76 -4,14 -4,97Cumulative feed consumption, kg/head LMNC batches LE1 NCa LE2 NCb LE3 NCc during the growing period 45.54 45.67 45.66 43.32 during the growing-finishing period 246.92 242.35 243.21 245.70 during the experimental period (total) 292.46 288.02 288.87 289.02 differences, compared to LMNC, % 100.00 98.48 98.77 98.82 specific consumption, kg/kg gain 3.62 3.72 3.47 3.44 specific consumption, % compared to LMNC 100.00 102.76 95.86 95.03 difference compared to LMNC, % - +2.76 -4.14 -4.97
Consumul specific (rata de conversie a furajului în spor) a fost mai mare la scrofiţele din LE1 Nca cu 2,76% faţă de LMNC; o bună conversie a furajelor au demonstrat cele două loturi LE2 NCb şi LE3 NCc în total pe perioada experimentală la nivel de 3,47 şi 3,44 kg nutreţ combinat pentru 1 kg spor în greutate, ceea ce constituie cu 4,14 şi 4,97% mai puţin faţă de scrofiţele din LMNC. Specific consumption (feed conversion rate into weight gain) was higher in gilts from LE1 Nca by 2.76% compared to LMNC; good feed conversion was demonstrated by the two groups LE2 NCb and LE3 NCc in total during the experimental period at a level of 3.47 and 3.44 kg of combined feed per 1 kg of weight gain, which is 4.14 and 4.97% less than in gilts from LMNC.
S-a constatat faptul că porcinele din LE3 NCc care au primit nutreţ combinat cu conţinut de 12,46 MJ energie metabolică şi 15,03% proteină brută în perioada de creştere şi 12,46 MJ şi 14,65% proteină brută pe perioada de creştere-finisare, în comparaţie cu porcii din LMNC, au avut cei mai buni indici productivi: greutatea semicarcasei drepte cu 5,57 kg (p≥0,01), semicarcasei stângi cu 5,50 kg, randamentul la sacrificare cu 0,79%, precum şi suprafaţa ochiului de muşchi cu 12,333 cm2 sau 32,66% (p≥0,05), (tab. 8). It was found that pigs from LE3 NCc that received combined feed containing 12.46 MJ metabolic energy and 15.03% crude protein during the growing period and 12.46 MJ and 14.65% crude protein during the growing-finishing period, compared to pigs from LMNC, had the best productive indices: right half-carcass weight by 5.57 kg (p≥0.01), left half-carcass by 5.50 kg, slaughter yield by 0.79%, as well as muscle eye area by 12.333 cm2 or 32.66% (p≥0.05), (tab. 8).
Tabelul 8 Table 8
Efectul dietei cu privire la valorile medii de performanţă de creştere a semicarcasei, The effect of diet on the average growth performance values of the half-carcass,
Loturi Masa semicarcasei drepte, kg Masa semicarcasei stângi, kg Randament la sacrificare, % Masa grăsimii interne, kg Masa capului, kg Suprafaţa ochiului de muşchi, cm2 LMNC 33,000±0,520 32,967±0,725 82,273±0,092 1,396±0,099 5,867±0,203 38,767±3,227 LE1 NCa 36,367±2,706 34,100±3,701 82,737±0,318 1,304±0,132 6,033±0,311 39,180±0,869 LE2 NCb 37,583±1,713* 36,667±0,689** 82,671±0,486 1,500±0,377 7,000±0,252 ** 50,300±2,182** LE3 NCc 38,567±0,895*** 38,467±1,372** 83,061±0,846 1,433±0,174 6,300±0,284 51,100±0,954**Batches Right half-carcass weight, kg Left half-carcass weight, kg Slaughter yield, % Internal fat weight, kg Head weight, kg Muscle eye area, cm2 LMNC 33,000±0,520 32,967±0,725 82,273±0,092 1,396±0,099 5,867±0,203 38,767±3,227 LE1 NCa 36,367±2,706 34,100±3,701 82,737±0,318 1,304±0,132 6,033±0,311 39,180±0,869 LE2 NCb 37,583±1,713* 36,667±0,689** 82.671±0.486 1.500±0.377 7.000±0.252 ** 50.300±2.182** LE3 NCc 38.567±0.895*** 38.467±1.372** 83.061±0.846 1.433±0.174 6.300±0.284 51.100±0.954**
*р≤0,10; **р≤0,05; ***р≤0,01 *р≤0.10; **р≤0.05; ***р≤0.01
În concluzie menţionăm că (tab. 9) nutreţul combinat administrat în LE3 NCc a avut un impact pozitiv asupra creşterii porcinelor sporind masa corporală cu 3,94% şi sporul mediu zilnic cu 4,03% şi a redus consumul specific de furaje cu 0,18 kg sau 4,97%, indicând un profit net cu 10,31% mai mare faţă de LMNC. Pe când soluţia cea mai apropiată nu a permis obţinerea unui efect economic. In conclusion, we mention that (tab. 9) the combined feed administered in LE3 NCc had a positive impact on the growth of pigs, increasing body mass by 3.94% and average daily gain by 4.03% and reduced specific feed consumption by 0.18 kg or 4.97%, indicating a net profit 10.31% higher than LMNC. While the closest solution did not allow obtaining an economic effect.
Tabelul 9 Table 9
Eficienţa economică Economic efficiency
Indici Lot LMNC LE1 NCa LE2 NCb LE3 NCc Sporul absolut mediu pe experienţă, cap/ kg 80,78 77,50 83,28 84,03 Costul sporului absolut, lei* 3150,42 3022,50 3247,92 3277,17 Consumul de nutreţ combinat, kg 292,46 288,02 288,87 289,21 Costul nutreţului combinat, lei** 1734,29 1707,96 1713,00 1715,01 Profit brut, lei 1416,13 1314,54 1534,90 1562,16 Profit net, lei - -101,59 118,77 146,03 Diferenţa comparativă cu LM din profit: % - -7,17 +8,39 +10,31Indices Lot LMNC LE1 NCa LE2 NCb LE3 NCc Average absolute gain per experience, head/ kg 80.78 77.50 83.28 84.03 Cost of absolute gain, lei* 3150.42 3022.50 3247.92 3277.17 Consumption of combined feed, kg 292.46 288.02 288.87 289.21 Cost of combined feed, lei** 1734.29 1707.96 1713.00 1715.01 Gross profit, lei 1416.13 1314.54 1534.90 1562.16 Net profit, lei - -101.59 118.77 146.03 Difference compared to LM in profit: % - -7.17 +8.39 +10.31
* Costul 1 kg masă corporală - 39 lei, **Costul 1 kg nutreţ combinat - 5 lei 93 bani * Cost of 1 kg of body mass - 39 lei, **Cost of 1 kg of combined feed - 5 lei 93 bani
1. Петрухин И. В. Корма и кормовые добавки. Москва, Росагропромиздат, 1989, р. 30 1. Petrukhin I. В. Fodder and feed supplements. Moscow, Rosagropromizdat, 1989, р. 30
2. RU 2156079 C1 2000.09.20 2. RU 2156079 C1 2000.09.20
3. RU 2128449 C1 1999.04.10 3. RU 2128449 C1 1999.04.10
4. Крохина В. А. Справочник. Комбикорма, кормовые добавки и ЗЦМ для животных. Москва, Агропромиздат, 1990, р.126 4. Krokhina V. A. Reference book. Комбикорма, кормовые допубители и ЗЦМ для животных. Moscow, Agropromizdat, 1990, p.126
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