MD1088Z - Process for cultivation of cultured plants - Google Patents
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- MD1088Z MD1088Z MDS20160052A MDS20160052A MD1088Z MD 1088 Z MD1088 Z MD 1088Z MD S20160052 A MDS20160052 A MD S20160052A MD S20160052 A MDS20160052 A MD S20160052A MD 1088 Z MD1088 Z MD 1088Z
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- plants
- thiourea
- treatment
- composite
- drought
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 244000038559 crop plants Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 tetrafluoroborate Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 241001057636 Dracaena deremensis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nicotinamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003966 nicotinamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005152 nicotinamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011570 nicotinamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OSFGNZOUZOPXBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O[N+]([O-])=O OSFGNZOUZOPXBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005868 ontogenesis Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000007244 Zea mays Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GSOLWAFGMNOBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt Chemical compound [Co][Co][Co][Co][Co][Co][Co][Co] GSOLWAFGMNOBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008121 plant development Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000021537 Beetroot Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000008118 PEG 6000 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002584 Polyethylene Glycol 6000 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021466 carotenoid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001747 carotenoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008260 defense mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018343 nutrient deficiency Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003642 reactive oxygen metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
Invenţia se referă la agricultură, şi anume la un procedeu de cultivare a plantelor de cultură, în special de porumb şi soia.Procedeul, conform invenţiei, include înmuierea seminţelor în decurs de 2 ore şi tratarea plantelor de 2 ori pe parcursul creşterii vegetative cu un amestec ce conţine soluţie apoasă de 0,005% de tiouree şi soluţie apoasă de 0,005% a amestecului de azotat de triaqua-hexa-µ-acetato(O,O')-µ3-oxo-trifier(III) trihidrat, tetrafluoroborat de bis(dimetilglioximato)di(nicotinamid)cobalt(III)dihidrat, azotat de zinc şi azotat de magneziu luate în raport de 4:9:4:9, totodată soluţiile se iau în raport de 1:1, iar tratarea plantelor se efectuează cu un consum de 200…250 L/ha.The invention relates to agriculture, namely to a process for cultivating crop plants, especially corn and soybeans. The process according to the invention includes seed softening within 2 hours and treatment of plants 2 times during vegetative growth with a mixture containing 0.005% aqueous solution of thiourea and 0.005% aqueous solution of the mixture of triaqua-hexa-µ-acetate (O, O ') - µ3-oxo-trifier (III) trihydrate, bis tetrafluoroborate (dimethylglioximate) ) di (nicotinamide) cobalt (III) dihydrate, zinc nitrate and magnesium nitrate taken in a ratio of 4: 9: 4: 9, at the same time solutions are taken in a ratio of 1: 1, and the plants are treated with a consumption of 200… 250 L / ha.
Description
Invenţia se referă la agricultură, şi anume la un procedeu de cultivare a plantelor de cultură, în special de porumb şi soia. The invention relates to agriculture, namely to a process for cultivating crop plants, in particular corn and soybeans.
Este cunoscut procedeul de optimizare a schimbului de apă al plantelor prin înmuierea seminţelor înainte de semănat şi tratarea extraradiculară a plantelor în fazele de formare a butonilor florali şi înflorire în masă cu soluţie apoasă de galat de potasiu-di(acid acetic)-dihidrat cu formula C7H5O5K·2 Ch3COOH·2H2O în concentraţie de 0,001…0,01% mas. [1]. Procedeul permite majorarea eficacităţii utilizării apei de către plante, ceea ce contribuie la obţinerea unor recolte mai mari. Procedeul nu este îndeajuns de eficient. The process of optimizing the water exchange of plants by soaking seeds before sowing and extra-radicular treatment of plants in the phases of flower bud formation and mass flowering with an aqueous solution of potassium gallate-di(acetic acid)-dihydrate with the formula C7H5O5K·2 Ch3COOH·2H2O in a concentration of 0.001…0.01% wt. is known [1]. The process allows increasing the efficiency of water use by plants, which contributes to obtaining higher yields. The process is not efficient enough.
Se cunoaşte efectul adaptogen al tioureei, care posedă activitate citokinică, activează procesele de reglare a creşterii şi dezvoltării plantelor în condiţii nefavorabile prin schimbarea activităţii enzimelor antioxidante şi majorarea conţinutului de pigmenţi fotosintetici [2]. Însă în condiţii de insuficienţă de umiditate absorbţia şi asimilarea nutrienţilor minerali scad semnificativ cu impact negativ asupra utilizării apei, creşterii şi productivităţii plantelor. The adaptogenic effect of thiourea is known, which possesses cytokine activity, activates the processes of regulating plant growth and development under unfavorable conditions by changing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increasing the content of photosynthetic pigments [2]. However, in conditions of insufficient moisture, the absorption and assimilation of mineral nutrients decrease significantly, with a negative impact on water use, plant growth and productivity.
Se cunoaşte procedeul de cultivare a plantelor, în special a sfeclei roşii, cu suplinirea carenţei de nutrienţi prin tratarea plantelor cu soluţie apoasă de 0,0001% mas. a unui amestec, ce conţine azotat de triaqua- hexa- µ- acetato (O,O')- µ3-oxo-trifier(III) trihidrat ([Fe3O(CH3COO)6(H2O)3]NO3·3H2O), tetrafluoroborat de bis(dimetilglioximato)di(nicotinamid)cobalt(III) dihidrat ([Co(DmgH)2(Nia)2]BF4·2H2O), azotat de zinc (Zn(NO3)2·6H2O) şi azotat de magneziu (Mg(NO3)2·6H2O), luate în raport de 4:9:4:9 - numit convenţional Compozit [3]. Rezultatul tehnic al procedeului se manifestă în majorarea intensităţii fotosintezei, ameliorarea utilizării apei şi recoltei plantelor. The process of cultivating plants, especially beetroot, with the replenishment of nutrient deficiency by treating plants with an aqueous solution of 0.0001% by mass of a mixture containing triaqua-hexa-µ-acetate (O,O')-µ3-oxo-trifier(III) nitrate trihydrate ([Fe3O(CH3COO)6(H2O)3]NO3·3H2O), bis(dimethylglyoximato)di(nicotinamide)cobalt(III) tetrafluoroborate dihydrate ([Co(DmgH)2(Nia)2]BF4·2H2O), zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)2·6H2O) and magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2·6H2O), taken in a ratio of 4:9:4:9 - conventionally called Composite [3]. The technical result of the process is manifested in increasing the intensity of photosynthesis, improving water use and plant yield.
Dezavantajul procedeului constă în efectul diminuat. The disadvantage of the procedure is the diminished effect.
Problema pe care o rezolvă invenţia propusă este majorarea eficienţei utilizării apei şi optimizarea performanţelor biologice asociate cu productivitatea la cultivarea plantelor de cultură. The problem solved by the proposed invention is increasing water use efficiency and optimizing biological performances associated with productivity in crop plant cultivation.
Invenţia soluţionează problema prin aceea că se propune un procedeu de cultivare a plantelor de cultură, în special de porumb şi soia, care include înmuierea seminţelor în decurs de 2 ore şi tratarea plantelor de 2 ori pe parcursul creşterii vegetative cu un amestec ce conţine soluţie apoasă de 0,005% de tiouree şi soluţie apoasă de 0,005% a amestecului de azotat de triaqua-hexa-µ-acetato(O,O')-µ3-oxo-trifier(III) trihidrat ([Fe3O(CH3COO)6(H2O)3]NO3·3H2O), tetrafluoroborat de bis(dimetilglioximato)di(nicotinamid)cobalt(III)dihidrat ([Co(DmgH)2(Nia)2]BF4·2H2O), azotat de zinc (Zn(NO3)2·6H2O) şi azotat de magneziu (Mg(NO3)2·6H2O) luate în raport de 4:9:4:9, totodată soluţiile se iau în raport de 1:1, iar tratarea plantelor se efectuează cu un consum de 200…250 L/ha. The invention solves the problem by proposing a method for cultivating crop plants, especially corn and soybeans, which includes soaking the seeds for 2 hours and treating the plants 2 times during vegetative growth with a mixture containing 0.005% aqueous solution of thiourea and 0.005% aqueous solution of the mixture of triaqua-hexa-µ-acetato(O,O')-µ3-oxo-trifier(III) nitrate trihydrate ([Fe3O(CH3COO)6(H2O)3]NO3·3H2O), bis(dimethylglyoximato)di(nicotinamide)cobalt(III) tetrafluoroborate dihydrate ([Co(DmgH)2(Nia)2]BF4·2H2O), zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)2·6H2O) and magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2·6H2O) taken in ratio of 4:9:4:9, at the same time the solutions are taken in a ratio of 1:1, and the treatment of plants is carried out with a consumption of 200…250 L/ha.
Totodată tratarea plantelor de porumb se efectuează la fazele frunzei a 5-a şi a 7-a, iar tratarea plantelor de soia se efectuează la fazele frunzei întâi şi începutul formării butonilor. At the same time, the treatment of corn plants is carried out at the 5th and 7th leaf stages, and the treatment of soybean plants is carried out at the first leaf stage and the beginning of bud formation.
Rezultatul tehnic constă în ameliorarea schimbului de apă, majorarea conţinutului de pigmenţi asimilatori, intensificarea fotosintezei şi productivităţii plantelor. Procedeul asigură consumul mai economicos şi utilizarea mai productivă a apei, măreşte capacitatea ţesuturilor plantei de a reţine apa, activează biosinteza şi acumularea fitomasei, ceea ce, în definitiv, asigură formarea unor plante mai viguroase şi reduce pierderile de recoltă în condiţii de umiditate suboptimală. The technical result consists in improving water exchange, increasing the content of assimilatory pigments, enhancing photosynthesis and plant productivity. The process ensures more economical consumption and more productive use of water, increases the ability of plant tissues to retain water, activates biosynthesis and phytomass accumulation, which ultimately ensures the formation of more vigorous plants and reduces crop losses in suboptimal humidity conditions.
Invenţia este argumentată prin următoarele exemple: The invention is substantiated by the following examples:
Exemplul I. Efectul tioureei şi combinaţiei tioureei cu Compozit asupra performanţelor biologice ale plantelor la etapele iniţiale ale ontogenezei. Example I. Effect of thiourea and the combination of thiourea with Composite on the biological performance of plants at the initial stages of ontogenesis.
În multiple experienţe de laborator s-a studiat influenţa soluţiei de tiouree, utilizată conform celei mai apropiate soluţii tehnice, şi combinaţiei tioureei cu soluţia de Compozit - conform invenţiei, asupra creşterii şi schimbului de apă a plantelor de porumb şi soia la etapele iniţiale ale ontogenezei. În studiu au fost incluse variantele: 1 - martor, plantule obţinute din seminţe tratate cu H2O distilată; 2 - plantule, tratate cu tiouree şi 3 - plantule, tratate cu amestec prin înmuierea timp de 2 ore a seminţelor cu soluţiile corespunzătoare de aceeaşi concentraţie, luate în raport 1:1. Stresul hidric s-a creat pe variante paralele pe plantule expuse acţiunii ”secetei fiziologice” prin reducerea accesibilităţii apei pentru sistemul radicular cu ajutorul soluţiei de PEG6000 şi menţinerea ψw la valoarea -1 MPa. In multiple laboratory experiments, the influence of the thiourea solution, used according to the closest technical solution, and the combination of thiourea with the Composite solution - according to the invention, on the growth and water exchange of corn and soybean plants at the initial stages of ontogenesis was studied. The study included the following variants: 1 - control, seedlings obtained from seeds treated with distilled H2O; 2 - seedlings, treated with thiourea and 3 - seedlings, treated with a mixture by soaking the seeds for 2 hours with the corresponding solutions of the same concentration, taken in a 1:1 ratio. Water stress was created in parallel variants on seedlings exposed to the action of "physiological drought" by reducing the accessibility of water for the root system with the help of the PEG6000 solution and maintaining ψw at the value of -1 MPa.
Despre eficienţa utilizării apei s-a judecat după conţinutul de apă (CA), deficitul de saturaţie (DS), capacitatea de reţinere a apei în ţesuturi (CRA). Rezultatele sunt prezentate în tabelele 1- 2. Water use efficiency was judged by water content (WC), saturation deficit (SD), and tissue water retention capacity (TWC). The results are presented in Tables 1-2.
Tabelul 1. Efectul tratării seminţelor de porumb şi soia asupra creşterii plantulelor Table 1. Effect of corn and soybean seed treatment on seedling growth
la etapele iniţiale ale ontogenezei at the initial stages of ontogenesis
Variante Biomasa, g sist. radicular, g lăstarului, g plantulei, g M±m Δ, % Martor optim M±m Δ, % Martor optim M±m Δ, % Martor optim Zea mays L. Martor 0,662 ± 0,008 0,376 ± 0,004 1,038 ± 0,02 Martor, secetă 0,442 ± 0,005 -33,23 0,137 ± 0,003 -63,56 0,612 ± 0,008 -41,04 Tiouree, secetă 0,580 ± 0,007 -12,39 0,288 ± 0,004 -23,40 0,868 ± 0,008 -16,38 Tiouree + Compozit, secetă 0,653 ± 0,009 -1,36 0,322 ± 0,005 -14,36 0,975 ± 0,009 -6,07 Glycine max Merr. (L.) Martor 0,68 ±0,019 1,01 ±0,025 1,69 ±0,037 Martor, secetă 0,28 ±0,007 -58,82 0,77 ±0,016 -23,76 1,05 ±0,022 -37,87 Tiouree, secetă 0,31 ±0,008 -54,41 0,82 ±0,021 -18,18 1,26 ±0,025 -25,44 Tiouree +Compozit, secetă 0,33 ±0,005 -51,47 0,91 ±0,0019 -9,90 1,33 ±0,031 -21,30Variants Biomass, g syst. root, g shoot, g seedling, g M±m Δ, % Optimal control M±m Δ, % Optimal control M±m Δ, % Optimal control Zea mays L. Control 0.662 ± 0.008 0.376 ± 0.004 1.038 ± 0.02 Control, drought 0.442 ± 0.005 -33.23 0.137 ± 0.003 -63.56 0.612 ± 0.008 -41.04 Thiourea, drought 0.580 ± 0.007 -12.39 0.288 ± 0.004 -23.40 0.868 ± 0.008 -16.38 Thiourea + Composite, drought 0.653 ± 0.009 -1.36 0.322 ± 0.005 -14.36 0.975 ± 0.009 -6.07 Glycine max Merr. (L.) Control 0.68 ±0.019 1.01 ±0.025 1.69 ±0.037 Control, drought 0.28 ±0.007 -58.82 0.77 ±0.016 -23.76 1.05 ±0.022 -37.87 Thiourea, drought 0.31 ±0.008 -54.41 0.82 ±0.021 -18.18 1.26 ±0.025 -25.44 Thiourea +Composite, drought 0.33 ±0.005 -51.47 0.91 ±0.0019 -9.90 1.33 ±0.031 -21.30
S-a stabilit că tratarea seminţelor cu tiouree şi tiouree+Compozit a condiţionat diminuarea impactului produs de ”seceta fiziologică” asupra acumulării biomasei plantulelor de Zea mays L. şi Glycine max Merr. (L.). Impactul secetei asupra procesului de acumulare a biomasei plantulelor de porumb constituie 41,0% comparativ cu martorul neexpus stresului hidric; la plantulele din seminţe tratate cu tiouree este de 16,4%, pe când sub influenţa tioureei în combinaţie cu preparatul compozit acumularea biomasei s-a redus numai cu 6,07%. O diminuare semnificativă a impactului secetei sub influenţa tioureei şi tioureei+Compozit s-a produs şi la plantulele de soia. Depresia creşterii plantulelor netratate atingea 37,9% comparativ cu plantulele martor de pe fond optim de umiditate şi 25,4 şi 21,3% corespunzător la cele tratate conform celei mai apropiate soluţii tehnice şi invenţiei. It was established that the treatment of seeds with thiourea and thiourea+Composite caused the reduction of the impact of "physiological drought" on the accumulation of biomass of Zea mays L. and Glycine max Merr. (L.) seedlings. The impact of drought on the process of accumulation of biomass of corn seedlings is 41.0% compared to the control not exposed to water stress; in seedlings from seeds treated with thiourea it is 16.4%, while under the influence of thiourea in combination with the composite preparation the accumulation of biomass was reduced by only 6.07%. A significant reduction of the impact of drought under the influence of thiourea and thiourea+Composite also occurred in soybean seedlings. The growth depression of untreated seedlings reached 37.9% compared to the control seedlings on an optimal moisture background and 25.4 and 21.3% correspondingly to those treated according to the closest technical solution and the invention.
Tratarea seminţelor cu tiouree şi tiouree+Compozit a asigurat optimizarea utilizării apei de către plantulele expuse acţiunii secetei fiziologice (tab. 2). Seed treatment with thiourea and thiourea+Composite ensured the optimization of water use by seedlings exposed to physiological drought (Table 2).
Tabelul 2. Influenţa tratării seminţelor de soia cu tiouree şi tiouree+Compozit asupra utilizării apei de către plante la etapele iniţiale ale ontogenezei Table 2. Influence of soybean seed treatment with thiourea and thiourea+Composite on water use by plants at the initial stages of ontogenesis
Variante CA, g/100 g. m. p. CRA, % apă pierdută CRA, % apă reţinută DS, % de la saturaţia deplină M ± m δ, % M ± m δ, % M ± m δ, % M ± m δ, % umiditate optimă Martor 86,5±0,18 8,6 ±0,13 79,9 ±0,32 5,74±0,12 Tiouree 87,8±0,25 1,50 6,3 ±0,10 -26,74 83,5± 0,40 4,50 5,20±0,07 -9,41 Tiouree + Compozit 88,8±0,31 2,66 5,1 ±0,12 -40,70 84,3 ±0,15 5,51 4,60±0,11 -19,86 stres hidric (2 h de ofilire, conform metodei I. Tumanov) Martor 83,0±0,32 7,4 ±0,17 76,0 ±0,19 7,70 ±0,12 Tiouree 85,1±0,17 2,53 6,2 ±0,22 -16,22 79,8 ±0,18 5,01 6,41 ±0,10 -16,75 Tiouree + Compozit 85,4±0,20 2,89 6,4 ±0,10 -13,51 79,4 ±0,23 4,47 5,71 ±0,11 -25,84CA variants, g/100 g. m. p. CRA, % water lost CRA, % water retained DS, % from full saturation M ± m δ, % M ± m δ, % M ± m δ, % M ± m δ, % optimum humidity Control 86.5±0.18 8.6 ±0.13 79.9 ±0.32 5.74±0.12 Thiourea 87.8±0.25 1.50 6.3 ±0.10 -26.74 83.5± 0.40 4.50 5.20±0.07 -9.41 Thiourea + Composite 88.8±0.31 2.66 5.1 ±0.12 -40.70 84.3 ±0.15 5.51 4.60±0.11 -19.86 water stress (2 h wilting, according to I. Tumanov method) Control 83.0±0.32 7.4 ±0.17 76.0 ±0.19 7.70 ±0.12 Thiourea 85.1±0.17 2.53 6.2 ±0.22 -16.22 79.8 ±0.18 5.01 6.41 ±0.10 -16.75 Thiourea + Composite 85.4±0.20 2.89 6.4 ±0.10 -13.51 79.4 ±0.23 4.47 5.71 ±0.11 -25.84
Tratarea seminţelor de soia cu tiouree şi tiouree+Compozit conform schemei indicate condiţionează o ameliorare relativă a utilizării apei plantulelor de soia, mai semnificativă la variantele expuse stresului hidric, cauzat de ofilire. Aceste schimbări sunt condiţionate de majorarea capacităţii de reţinere a apei: cu 3,33% la plantulele de soia din seminţe tratate cu tiouree şi cu 5,36% la plantulele din varianta tiouree+Compozit. Drept urmare a majorării CRA are loc o diminuare veridică a deficitului de saturaţie şi majorare a turgescenţei relative a frunzelor. Efectul compuşilor cu tiouree este semnificativ mai mare la plantulele expuse stresului hidric (tab. 2). Respectiv valoarea deficitului de saturaţie a ţesuturilor cu apă se micşorează cu 16,75 şi 25,84% comparativ cu valoarea indicelui plantelor martor. The treatment of soybean seeds with thiourea and thiourea+Composite according to the indicated scheme causes a relative improvement in the water use of soybean seedlings, more significant in the variants exposed to water stress, caused by wilting. These changes are conditioned by the increase in water retention capacity: by 3.33% in soybean seedlings from seeds treated with thiourea and by 5.36% in seedlings from the thiourea+Composite variant. As a result of the increase in CRA, there is a veritable decrease in the saturation deficit and an increase in the relative turgescence of the leaves. The effect of thiourea compounds is significantly greater in seedlings exposed to water stress (tab. 2). Respectively, the value of the saturation deficit of tissues with water decreases by 16.75 and 25.84% compared to the value of the index of control plants.
Deci, tratarea seminţelor conform procedeului nou condiţionează o mai bună ameliorare a utilizării apei şi creşterii plantulelor comparativ cu martorul. Therefore, treating seeds according to the new process results in better improvement in water use and seedling growth compared to the control.
Exemplul II. Efectul tioureei şi amestecului tiouree+Compozit asupra stării funcţionale a plantelor pe parcursul ontogenezei. Example II. Effect of thiourea and thiourea+Composite mixture on the functional state of plants during ontogenesis.
La etapa de creştere reproductivă plantele sunt foarte sensibile la temperatura înaltă şi insuficienţa de umiditate. Temperatura înaltă şi deficitul de saturaţie la această etapă cauzează reducerea formării păstăilor şi seminţelor, căderea butonilor florali şi păstăilor, uscarea frunzelor. Pentru verificarea posibilităţii de stopare sau diminuare a impactului secetei la faza reproductivă a plantelor s-au realizat investigaţii vizând efectul tioureei şi combinaţiei tiouree+Compozit asupra performanţelor biologice ale plantelor de Zea mays L. şi Glycine max Merr. (L.), crescute în condiţii optime de umiditate şi de secetă. At the reproductive growth stage, plants are very sensitive to high temperature and insufficient humidity. High temperature and saturation deficit at this stage cause reduced pod and seed formation, flower buds and pods falling, and leaf drying. In order to verify the possibility of stopping or reducing the impact of drought at the reproductive stage of plants, investigations were carried out on the effect of thiourea and the combination of thiourea+Composite on the biological performance of Zea mays L. and Glycine max Merr. (L.) plants, grown under optimal humidity and drought conditions.
Rezultatele obţinute sunt prezentate în tabelele 3 - 5. The results obtained are presented in tables 3 - 5.
Tabelul 3. Influenţa tratării seminţelor pentru semănat şi suprafeţei foliare a plantelor de porumb cu tiouree şi tiouree+Compozit asupra conţinutului de pigmenţi asimilatori Table 3. Influence of treatment of seeds for sowing and the leaf surface of corn plants with thiourea and thiourea+Composite on the content of assimilatory pigments
Parametri Martor optim Martor, secetă Tiouree, secetă Tiouree+Compozit, secetă M±m M±m Δ, % Martor optim M±m Δ, % Martor optim M±m Δ, % Martor optim Conţinutul Cl a, mg ·100g-1 m. p. 142,25±0,9 137,14±0,8 -3,59 156,81±0,5 10,24 175,50±0,8 23,37 Conţínutul Cl b, mg ·100g-1 m. p. 58,64±0,7 54,41±0,5 -7,21 65,33±0,9 11,41 67,83±0,7 15,67 Conţínutul Cl a+b, mg ·100g-1 m. p. 200,89±1,6 191,55±1,2 -4,65 222,14±1,6 10,58 243,33±2,5 21,13 Conţínutul carotenoizilor, mg ·100g-1 m. p. 36,62±0,9 31,10±0,6 -15,07 40,45±0,2 10,46 44,39±0,4 21,22Parameters Optimal control Control, drought Thiourea, drought Thiourea+Composite, drought M±m M±m Δ, % Optimal control M±m Δ, % Optimal control Cl a content, mg ·100g-1 m. p. 142.25±0.9 137.14±0.8 -3.59 156.81±0.5 10.24 175.50±0.8 23.37 Cl b content, mg ·100g-1 m. p. 58.64±0.7 54.41±0.5 -7.21 65.33±0.9 11.41 67.83±0.7 15.67 Cl a+b content, mg ·100g-1 m. p. 200.89±1.6 191.55±1.2 -4.65 222.14±1.6 10.58 243.33±2.5 21.13 Carotenoid content, mg ·100g-1 m. p. 36.62±0.9 31.10±0.6 -15.07 40.45±0.2 10.46 44.39±0.4 21.22
Notă: m.p. - masă proaspătă Note: m.p. - fresh meal
Utilizarea tratării seminţelor pentru semănat şi plantelor pe parcursul creşterii vegetative a condiţionat o majorare veridică a conţinutului de pigmenţi asimilatori. Efectul tratării plantelor cu tiouree+Compozit depăşeşte efectul tratării conform celei mai apropiate soluţii cu 14,4%. Acelaşi efect antioxidant al tioureei+Compozit a fost înregistrat şi la plantele de Glycine max Merr. (L.). The use of seed treatment for sowing and plants during vegetative growth caused a significant increase in the content of assimilatory pigments. The effect of treating plants with thiourea+Composite exceeds the effect of treatment with the closest solution by 14.4%. The same antioxidant effect of thiourea+Composite was also recorded in Glycine max Merr. (L.) plants.
S-a stabilit că tioureea, îndeosebi tioureea în combinaţie cu preparatul Compozit, are o influenţă semnificativă benefică asupra proceselor fiziologice cheie corelate cu productivitatea plantelor (tab. 4). It has been established that thiourea, especially thiourea in combination with the preparation Composit, has a significant beneficial influence on key physiological processes correlated with plant productivity (tab. 4).
Tabelul 4. Influenţa SFA şi secetei asupra intensităţii asimilaţiei plantelor de soia şi porumb Table 4. Influence of SFA and drought on the assimilation intensity of soybean and corn plants
Variante Intensitatea fotosintezei, mM/m2/s Intensitatea transpiraţiei, mM/m2/s Eficienţa utilizării apei, mM CO2/mM H2O M ± m δ, % M ± m δ, % M ± m δ, % Soi Enigma Martor 8,65±0,24 4,01±0,11 2,16±0,05 Tiouree 15,95± 0,45 84,39 5,18±0,14 29,18 3,08±0,08 42,59 Tiouree+Compozit 22,77±0,61 163,24 5,82±0,12 45,13 3,91±0,08 81,02 Soi P 459 Martor 24,25±0,56 3,92±0,02 6,18±0,07 Tiouree 27,31±0,48 12,62 4,28±0,04 9,18 6,38±0,05 3,24 Tiouree+Compozit 31,4±0,21 29,45 4,49±0,05 14,54 6,99±0,07 13,11Variants Photosynthesis intensity, mM/m2/s Transpiration intensity, mM/m2/s Water use efficiency, mM CO2/mM H2O M ± m δ, % M ± m δ, % M ± m δ, % Enigma variety Control 8.65±0.24 4.01±0.11 2.16±0.05 Thiourea 15.95±0.45 84.39 5.18±0.14 29.18 3.08±0.08 42.59 Thiourea+Composite 22.77±0.61 163.24 5.82±0.12 45.13 3.91±0.08 81.02 P 459 variety Control 24.25±0.56 3.92±0.02 6.18±0.07 Thiourea 27.31±0.48 12.62 4.28±0.04 9.18 6.38±0.05 3.24 Thiouree+Composite 31.4±0.21 29.45 4.49±0.05 14.54 6.99±0.07 13.11
Plantele tratate conform invenţiei se deosebesc prin valori mai înalte ale procesului de fotosinteză şi eficienţei utilizării apei atât comparativ cu plantele martor, cât şi cu plantele tratate conform celei mai apropiate soluţii tehnice. Intensitatea asimilaţiei carbonului la plantele de soia şi porumb din varianta tiouree+Compozit prevalează comparativ cu martorul şi cu plantele tratate conform celei mai apropiate soluţii cu 163,24 şi 42,75% ; la porumb - cu 29,45 şi 15,8% respectiv. Plants treated according to the invention are distinguished by higher values of the photosynthesis process and water use efficiency both in comparison with the control plants and with the plants treated according to the closest technical solution. The intensity of carbon assimilation in soybean and corn plants in the thiourea+Composite variant prevails in comparison with the control and with the plants treated according to the closest technical solution by 163.24 and 42.75%; in corn - by 29.45 and 15.8% respectively.
Eficienţa utilizării apei în procesul de producţie este mai mare respectiv cu 81,02 şi 27,0% la plantele de soia şi cu 13,31 şi circa 10% - la plantele de porumb. The efficiency of water use in the production process is higher by 81.02 and 27.0% for soybean plants and by 13.31 and about 10% for corn plants.
Efectul administrării substanţelor fiziologic active prin optimizarea conţinutului de pigmenţi asimilatori şi procesului de fotosinteză a avut urmări pozitive şi asupra creşterii, dezvoltării şi productivităţii plantelor (tab.5). The effect of administering physiologically active substances by optimizing the content of assimilatory pigments and the photosynthesis process also had positive consequences on plant growth, development and productivity (Table 5).
Tabelul 5. Efectul SFA asupra performanţelor biologice ale plantelor de porumb în condiţii de secetă Table 5. Effect of SFA on the biological performance of corn plants under drought conditions
Parametri Martor optim Martor, secetă Tiouree, secetă Tiouree+Compozit, secetă M±m M±m Δ, % Martor optim M±m Δ, % Martor optim M±m Δ, % Martor optim /secetă Înălţimea, dm 12,15±0,3 9,85±0,13 -18,93 10,7±0,17 -11,93 12,23±0,21 0,66 Supr. foliară, dm2 37,82±0,35 30,23±0,32 -20,07 33,95±0,43 -10,23 35,70±0,34 -5,60 Productivitatea, g/pl. 52,8 ± 0,5 34,81±0,5 -34,07 37,72 ± 0,6 -28,56 39,74±0,9 -24,73Parameters Optimal control Control, drought Thiourea, drought Thiourea+Composite, drought M±m M±m Δ, % Optimal control M±m Δ, % Optimal control M±m Δ, % Optimal control /drought Height, dm 12.15±0.3 9.85±0.13 -18.93 10.7±0.17 -11.93 12.23±0.21 0.66 Leaf area, dm2 37.82±0.35 30.23±0.32 -20.07 33.95±0.43 -10.23 35.70±0.34 -5.60 Productivity, g/pl. 52.8 ± 0.5 34.81±0.5 -34.07 37.72 ± 0.6 -28.56 39.74±0.9 -24.73
Tratarea plantelor conform noului procedeu a asigurat comparativ cu martorul o mai bună protecţie de la speciile reactive de oxigen, ceea ce s-a răsfrânt asupra procesului de producţie, reducând impactul secetei asupra performanţelor biologice. Seceta a avut o influenţă de 1,5 ori mai mică asupra plantelor tratate cu tiouree şi de 2,14 ori mai mică asupra celor tratate cu tiouree+Compozit comparativ cu impactul produs asupra plantelor netratate. Treating plants according to the new procedure provided better protection from reactive oxygen species compared to the control, which was reflected in the production process, reducing the impact of drought on biological performance. Drought had a 1.5-fold lower influence on plants treated with thiourea and 2.14-fold lower influence on those treated with thiourea+Composite compared to the impact on untreated plants.
Prin urmare, plantele tratate conform invenţiei posedă o capacitate de reglare a utilizării apei mai înaltă, care se manifestă prin majorarea capacităţii ţesuturilor plantei de a reţine apa, prin eficientizarea utilizării apei, activarea biosintezei şi acumularea fitomasei, ceea ce, în definitiv, asigură formarea unor plante mai viguroase, reducându-se pierderile de recoltă în condiţii de umiditate suboptimală. Therefore, plants treated according to the invention possess a higher water use regulation capacity, which is manifested by increasing the capacity of plant tissues to retain water, by making water use more efficient, activating biosynthesis and accumulating phytomass, which ultimately ensures the formation of more vigorous plants, reducing crop losses in suboptimal humidity conditions.
1. MD 2318 Y 2013.12.31 1. MD 2318 Y 2013.12.31
2. KAYA Cengiz, ASHRAF Muhammed, SÖNMEZ Osman. Promotive effect of exogenously applied thiourea on key physiological parameters and oxidative defense mechanism in salt-stressed Zea mays L. plants. Turkish Journal of Botany. 2015, 39:786-795 2. KAYA Cengiz, ASHRAF Muhammed, SÖNMEZ Osman. Promotive effect of exogenously applied thiourea on key physiological parameters and oxidative defense mechanism in salt-stressed Zea mays L. plants. Turkish Journal of Botany. 2015, 39:786-795
3. MD 813 Y 2014.09.30 3. MD 813 Y 2014.09.30
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MD930017A (en) * | 1993-03-02 | 1994-09-30 | Univ De Stat Din Moldova | Fertilizer |
| MD372C2 (en) * | 1990-06-22 | 1996-06-30 | Эмерикэн Сайенэмид Компэни | Method of undesirable vegetation selective suppression |
| MD940282A (en) * | 1991-01-25 | 1996-10-31 | Ciba Geigy | Sulfonylurea derivatives, process of their production, the intermediate products for them, substance containing them with herbicide and suppressing plants activity, process of control |
| MD813F1 (en) * | 1996-11-26 | 1997-08-31 | Inst De Microbiologie Al Acade | Rhizobium japonicum legume bacteria strain for soya seed treatment |
| MD2318F1 (en) * | 2002-04-17 | 2003-12-31 | Inst De Fiziol A Plantelor Al | Process for controlling the water exchange of the crop plants |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MD372C2 (en) * | 1990-06-22 | 1996-06-30 | Эмерикэн Сайенэмид Компэни | Method of undesirable vegetation selective suppression |
| MD940282A (en) * | 1991-01-25 | 1996-10-31 | Ciba Geigy | Sulfonylurea derivatives, process of their production, the intermediate products for them, substance containing them with herbicide and suppressing plants activity, process of control |
| MD930017A (en) * | 1993-03-02 | 1994-09-30 | Univ De Stat Din Moldova | Fertilizer |
| MD813F1 (en) * | 1996-11-26 | 1997-08-31 | Inst De Microbiologie Al Acade | Rhizobium japonicum legume bacteria strain for soya seed treatment |
| MD2318F1 (en) * | 2002-04-17 | 2003-12-31 | Inst De Fiziol A Plantelor Al | Process for controlling the water exchange of the crop plants |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| KAYA Cengiz, ASHRAF Muhammed, SÖNMEZ Osman. Promotive effect of exogenously applied thiourea on key physiological parameters and oxidative defense mechanism in salt-stressed Zea mays L. plants. Turkish Journal of Botany. 2015, 39:786-795 * |
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