MD1087Z - Process for growing garlic - Google Patents
Process for growing garlic Download PDFInfo
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- MD1087Z MD1087Z MDS20160041A MDS20160041A MD1087Z MD 1087 Z MD1087 Z MD 1087Z MD S20160041 A MDS20160041 A MD S20160041A MD S20160041 A MDS20160041 A MD S20160041A MD 1087 Z MD1087 Z MD 1087Z
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- Moldova
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- selenium
- plants
- garlic
- fludisec
- bulbs
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 235000004611 garlic Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 244000245420 ail Species 0.000 title 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241000557833 Hua gabonii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 240000002234 Allium sativum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- JAWGVVJVYSANRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(3+) Chemical compound [Co+3] JAWGVVJVYSANRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229940091258 selenium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 25
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 description 22
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 22
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 11
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- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003359 percent control normalization Methods 0.000 description 8
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 102000019197 Superoxide Dismutase Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108010012715 Superoxide dismutase Proteins 0.000 description 6
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 108060006004 Ascorbate peroxidase Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102000016938 Catalase Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108010053835 Catalase Proteins 0.000 description 5
- WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malondialdehyde Chemical compound O=CCC=O WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000021466 carotenoid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000001747 carotenoids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229930002868 chlorophyll a Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000036542 oxidative stress Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 108010063907 Glutathione Reductase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100036442 Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930002869 chlorophyll b Natural products 0.000 description 3
- NSMUHPMZFPKNMZ-VBYMZDBQSA-M chlorophyll b Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C=O)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 NSMUHPMZFPKNMZ-VBYMZDBQSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000006587 Glutathione peroxidase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108700016172 Glutathione peroxidases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Proline Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- JGUQDUKBUKFFRO-CIIODKQPSA-N dimethylglyoxime Chemical compound O/N=C(/C)\C(\C)=N\O JGUQDUKBUKFFRO-CIIODKQPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PMYDPQQPEAYXKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-n-naphthalen-2-ylnaphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(NC(=O)C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3O)=CC=C21 PMYDPQQPEAYXKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020518 Co(BF4)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000880490 Leopardus colocolo Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- IYKVLICPFCEZOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenourea Chemical compound NC(N)=[Se] IYKVLICPFCEZOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
Invenţia se referă la agricultură, în particular la legumicultură, şi anume la un procedeu de cultivare a usturoiului.Procedeul, conform invenţiei, include înmuierea bulbilor înainte de plantare sau stropirea plantelor de usturoi în timpul creşterii cu o soluţie apoasă de 0,00001…0,000001% a compusului coordinativ al seleniului tetrafluoroborat-[bis(dimetilglioximato)-(selenocarbamidă)1,4-(selen-selenocarbamidă)0,45-(selen-selen)0,15 cobalt (III)], totodată înmuierea bulbilor se efectuează în decurs de 2 ore, iar stropirea plantelor - de 3 ori cu un interval de 2 săptămâni şi un consum de 0,5 L/m2.The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to vegetable cultivation, namely to a process for cultivating garlic. The process according to the invention includes soaking the bulbs before planting or sprinkling garlic plants during growth with an aqueous solution of 0.00001 ... 0 000001% of the coordinating compound of tetrafluoroborate- [bis (dimethylglioximato) - (selenocarbamide) 1,4- (selenocarbamide) 0.45- (selen-selenium) 0.15 cobalt (III)], while softening the bulbs. it performs within 2 hours, and the sprinkling of plants - 3 times with an interval of 2 weeks and a consumption of 0.5 L / m2.
Description
Invenţia se referă la agricultură, în particular la legumicultură, şi anume la un procedeu de cultivare a usturoiului. The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to vegetable growing, namely to a process for cultivating garlic.
Procedeul asigură majorarea conţinutului de seleniu, proprietăţilor antioxidante şi valorii alimentare a producţiei. The process ensures an increase in selenium content, antioxidant properties and nutritional value of the product.
Este cunoscut procedeul de sporire a proprietăţilor antioxidante ale plantelor de usturoi (Allium sativum L.) prin majorarea conţinutului de seleniu în organe prin încorporarea în sol a selenatului de sodiu [1]. Procedeul reprezintă un anumit pericol, deoarece plantele mai greu absorb compuşii neorganici şi apare pericolul de poluare a mediului. Totodată îngrăşămintele ce conţin seleniu nu au un efect vizibil din cauza nitraţilor, cloridelor şi fosfaţilor, care leagă seleniul în compuşi insolubili. The process of increasing the antioxidant properties of garlic plants (Allium sativum L.) by increasing the selenium content in the organs by incorporating sodium selenate into the soil is known [1]. The process represents a certain danger, because plants absorb inorganic compounds more difficultly and there is a danger of environmental pollution. At the same time, fertilizers containing selenium do not have a visible effect because of nitrates, chlorides and phosphates, which bind selenium into insoluble compounds.
Este cunoscut procedeul de cultivare a usturoiului, care include tratarea suprafeţei foliare în timpul vegetaţiei cu soluţie apoasă de fitohormoni, în particular, cu giberelină (125 mg·L-1) - care serveşte în calitate de cea mai apropiată soluţie tehnică [2]. Aplicarea soluţiei de fitohormoni pentru tratarea suprafeţei foliare a plantelor asigură performanţe în creşterea plantelor datorită optimizării nutriţiei minerale, sintezei clorofilei şi majorării potenţialului antioxidant ca urmare a majorării conţinutului de seleniu. Interrelaţiile strânse dintre statutul fitohormonal şi seleniu permit obţinerea producţiei agricole îmbogăţite cu seleniu cu indici alimentari buni. Totuşi procedeul nu este îndeajuns de eficient. The garlic cultivation process is known, which includes treating the leaf surface during vegetation with an aqueous solution of phytohormones, in particular, with gibberellin (125 mg·L-1) - which serves as the closest technical solution [2]. The application of the phytohormones solution for treating the leaf surface of plants ensures plant growth performance due to optimization of mineral nutrition, chlorophyll synthesis and increased antioxidant potential as a result of increased selenium content. The close interrelationships between phytohormonal status and selenium allow obtaining agricultural production enriched with selenium with good nutritional indices. However, the process is not efficient enough.
Problema pe care o rezolvă invenţia propusă este majorarea acumulării seleniului şi proprietăţilor antioxidante ale plantelor de usturoi. The problem that the proposed invention solves is increasing the selenium accumulation and antioxidant properties of garlic plants.
Invenţia soluţionează problema prin aceea că propune un procedeu de cultivare a usturoiului care include înmuierea bulbilor înainte de plantare sau stropirea plantelor de usturoi în timpul creşterii cu o soluţie apoasă de 0,00001…0,000001% a compusului coordinativ al seleniului tetrafluoroborat-[bis(dimetilglioximato)-(selenocarbamidă)1,4-(selen-selenocarbamidă)0,45-(selen-selen)0,15 cobalt (III)], totodată înmuierea bulbilor se efectuează în decurs de 2 ore, iar stropirea plantelor - de 3 ori cu un interval de 2 săptămâni şi un consum de 0,5 L/m2. The invention solves the problem by proposing a garlic cultivation process that includes soaking the bulbs before planting or spraying the garlic plants during growth with an aqueous solution of 0.00001…0.000001% of the coordination compound of selenium tetrafluoroborate-[bis(dimethylglyoximato)-(selenocarbamide)1,4-(selenium-selenocarbamide)0.45-(selenium-selenium)0.15 cobalt (III)], while soaking the bulbs is carried out within 2 hours, and spraying the plants - 3 times with an interval of 2 weeks and a consumption of 0.5 L/m2.
Elementul esenţial al procedeului este utilizarea în calitate de substanţă biologic activă pentru tratare a unui compus chimic nou al seleniului, cu formula chimică [Co(DH)2(Seu)1,4(Se-Seu)0,45(Se-Se)1,15][BF]4 (numit în continuare compusul Fludisec), care asigură un efect veridic mai bun asupra conţinutului de seleniu, pigmenţilor asimilatori, proprietăţilor antioxidante, precum şi asupra creşterii, dezvoltării şi recoltei plantelor de usturoi, ceea ce demonstrează eficacitatea mai înaltă a preparatului nou comparativ cu cea mai apropiată soluţie tehnică. The essential element of the process is the use as a biologically active substance for treatment of a new chemical compound of selenium, with the chemical formula [Co(DH)2(Seu)1,4(Se-Seu)0,45(Se-Se)1,15][BF]4 (hereinafter referred to as the Fludisec compound), which ensures a significantly better effect on the selenium content, assimilatory pigments, antioxidant properties, as well as on the growth, development and harvest of garlic plants, which demonstrates the higher effectiveness of the new preparation compared to the closest technical solution.
Rezultatul tehnic la aplicarea invenţiei constă în optimizarea creşterii şi sporirea productivităţii plantelor, diminuarea oxidării peroxidice a lipidelor, intensificarea activităţii enzimelor sistemului de protecţie antioxidantă, protecţia pigmenţilor asimilatori de la destrucţia oxidativă, majorarea conţinutului de seleniu în frunzele şi bulbii plantelor de usturoi. The technical result of applying the invention consists in optimizing plant growth and increasing plant productivity, reducing peroxidative oxidation of lipids, enhancing the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant protection system, protecting assimilatory pigments from oxidative destruction, and increasing the selenium content in the leaves and bulbs of garlic plants.
Invenţia este argumentată prin următoarele exemple. The invention is substantiated by the following examples.
Exemplul I. Caracteristica compusului coordinativ şi metoda de sinteză Example I. Characteristics of the coordination compound and method of synthesis
Compusul nou sintetizat are formula chimică [Co(DH)2(Seu)1,4(Se-Seu)0,45(Se-Se)1,15][BF]4, în care la atomul generator de complecşi s-au coordinat doi liganzi monodeprotonaţi de DmgH-, unde DmgH2 este molecula de dimetilglioximă, Seu - molecula de selenocarbamidă, iar Se-Seu - o moleculă neutră de carbamidă ce conţine doi atomi de Se. The newly synthesized compound has the chemical formula [Co(DH)2(Seu)1.4(Se-Seu)0.45(Se-Se)1.15][BF]4, in which two monodeprotonated DmgH- ligands were coordinated to the complex-generating atom, where DmgH2 is the dimethylglyoxime molecule, Seu - the selenocarbamide molecule, and Se-Seu - a neutral carbamide molecule containing two Se atoms.
La 0,34 g (0,001 moli) Co(BF4)2·6H2O în 30 mL apă s-au adăugat 0,23 g (0,002 moli) dimetilglioximă în 40 mL metanol şi 0,25 g (0,002 moli) selenouree în 30 mL metanol. Soluţia obţinută s-a încălzit timp de 10 min la baie marină în creuzet de grafit la ~70 ºC. Din soluţia de culoare cafeniu-întunecată la evaporare lentă au sedimentat cristale de aceeaşi culoare (randamentul ~32%). Compusul este solubil în alcooli, parţial în apă. To 0.34 g (0.001 mol) Co(BF4)2·6H2O in 30 mL water were added 0.23 g (0.002 mol) dimethylglyoxime in 40 mL methanol and 0.25 g (0.002 mol) selenourea in 30 mL methanol. The resulting solution was heated for 10 min in a sea bath in a graphite crucible at ~70 ºC. From the dark brown solution, crystals of the same color precipitated upon slow evaporation (yield ~32%). The compound is soluble in alcohols, partially in water.
Găsit, % : C 17,56; H 3,04; N 16,19 Found, %: C 17.56; H 3.04; N 16.19
Pentru С9,85H19,4CoF4N7,7O4Se2,6B For С9.85H19.4CoF4N7.7O4Se2.6B
calculat, % : C 17,90; H 2,96; N 16,32. calculated, %: C 17.90; H 2.96; N 16.32.
Structura cristalină a [Co(DH)2(Seu)1,4(Se-Seu)0,45(Se-Se)1,15][BF]4 a fost determinată prin metoda analizei cu raze X la difractometrul Xcalibur înzestrat cu detector CCD la temperatura camerei. Datele cristalografice indică singonie triclinică, grupul spaţial de simetrie P-1, parametrii celulei elementare: a=7.9163(9), b=11.679(2), c=13.433(3) Å, α=64.50(2), β=75.31(1), γ=82.05(1)°, V=1083.8(3) Å3, numărul de unităţi structurale independente Z=2, ρ(calc.)=1.906 pentru compoziţia C10H22BCoF4N8O4Se2. Structura a fost determinată prin metode directe, iar coordonatele atomilor de bază (nehidrogenici) au fost precizate prin metoda celor mai mici pătrate în variantă anizotropică în cadrul complexelor de programe SHELX-97. The crystal structure of [Co(DH)2(Seu)1,4(Se-Seu)0,45(Se-Se)1,15][BF]4 was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis on an Xcalibur diffractometer equipped with a CCD detector at room temperature. The crystallographic data indicate triclinic singony, space group P-1 symmetry, unit cell parameters: a=7.9163(9), b=11.679(2), c=13.433(3) Å, α=64.50(2), β=75.31(1), γ=82.05(1)°, V=1083.8(3) Å3, number of independent structural units Z=2, ρ(calc.)=1.906 for the composition C10H22BCoF4N8O4Se2. The structure was determined by direct methods, and the coordinates of the basic (non-hydrogen) atoms were specified by the least squares method in the anisotropic variant within the SHELX-97 program complexes.
Exemplul II. Determinarea concentraţiei soluţiei cu efect maxim asupra creşterii şi protecţiei antioxidante a plantulelor Example II. Determination of the concentration of the solution with maximum effect on the growth and antioxidant protection of seedlings
În experienţe de laborator s-a studiat influenţa giberelinei, utilizată conform celei mai apropiate soluţii tehnice, şi a compusului coordinativ al seleniului - conform invenţiei, asupra creşterii şi capacităţii de protecţie antioxidantă a plantulelor de usturoi la etapele iniţiale ale ontogenezei. În studiu erau incluse variantele: 1 - martor, plantule obţinute din seminţe tratate cu H2O distilată; 2 - plantule, tratate cu giberelină în concentraţie de 125 mg·L-1, conform celei mai apropiate soluţii tehnice; 3 - plantule tratate cu compusul Fludisec, conform invenţiei. Tratarea bulbilor s-a efectuat prin înmuiere timp de 2 ore cu soluţiile corespunzătoare. Pentru determinarea concentraţiei soluţiei cu efect maxim în experienţe s-au inclus soluţii cu concentraţiile 0,0000001…0,001%. Despre valorile statutului antioxidant total s-a judecat după gradul de modificare a conţinutului di-aldehidei malonice (DAM) şi activităţii superoxiddismutazei (SOD), catalazei (CAT), ascorbatperoxidazei (APX), glutationperoxidazei (GP), glutationreductazei (GR), conţinutului clorofilei a (Cla), clorofilei b (Clb), carotenoizilor (Car). Rezultatele sunt prezentate în tabelele 1-3. In laboratory experiments, the influence of gibberellin, used according to the closest technical solution, and of the selenium coordination compound - according to the invention, on the growth and antioxidant protection capacity of garlic seedlings at the initial stages of ontogenesis was studied. The study included the following variants: 1 - control, seedlings obtained from seeds treated with distilled H2O; 2 - seedlings, treated with gibberellin at a concentration of 125 mg·L-1, according to the closest technical solution; 3 - seedlings treated with the Fludisec compound, according to the invention. The bulbs were treated by soaking for 2 hours with the appropriate solutions. To determine the concentration of the solution with the maximum effect, solutions with concentrations of 0.0000001…0.001% were included in the experiments. The values of total antioxidant status were judged by the degree of modification of the content of di-malonic aldehyde (DAM) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GP), glutathione reductase (GR), the content of chlorophyll a (Cla), chlorophyll b (Clb), carotenoids (Car). The results are presented in tables 1-3.
Tabelul 1. Parametrii morfologici ai plantulelor de usturoi din bulbi trataţi conform celei mai apropiate soluţii tehnice şi invenţiei Table 1. Morphological parameters of garlic seedlings from bulbs treated according to the closest technical solution and the invention
Variante Masa, mg Coleoptilului Rădăcinilor Plantulei Eficienţa, % martor Martor 0,63±0,017 0,25±0,005 0,88±0,017 100 Giberelină 125 mg·L-1 0,66±0,013 0,26±0,006 0,92±0,015 104,54 Fludisec 0,001% 0,57±0,011 0,23±0,003 0,80±0,020 90,91 Fludisec 0,0001% 0, 62±0,014 0,24±0,004 0,86±0,024 97,72 Fludisec 0,00001% 0,72±0,019 0,29±0,009 1,01±0,028 114,77 Fludisec 0,000001% 0,77±0,022 0,32±0,007 1,09±0,031 123,86 Fludisec 0,0000001% 0,69±0,018 0,29±0,004 0,98±0,019 111,36Variants Mass, mg Coleoptile Roots Seedling Efficiency, % control Control 0.63±0.017 0.25±0.005 0.88±0.017 100 Gibberellin 125 mg·L-1 0.66±0.013 0.26±0.006 0.92±0.015 104.54 Fludisec 0.001% 0.57±0.011 0.23±0.003 0.80±0.020 90.91 Fludisec 0.0001% 0. 62±0.014 0.24±0.004 0.86±0.024 97.72 Fludisec 0.00001% 0.72±0.019 0.29±0.009 1.01±0.028 114.77 Fludisec 0.000001% 0.77±0.022 0.32±0.007 1.09±0.031 123.86 Fludisec 0.0000001% 0.69±0.018 0.29±0.004 0.98±0.019 111.36
S-a stabilit proprietatea compusului coordinativ cu seleniu de a stimula procesele de creştere a plantulelor de usturoi. Efect major s-a înregistrat la plantulele tratate cu soluţie de Fludisec 0,00001 şi 0,000001% respectiv : cu 14…24% comparativ cu martorul şi cu 9,8…18,5 la sută comparativ cu cea mai apropiată soluţie tehnică. Plantulele tratate conform celei mai apropiate soluţii tehnice şi invenţiei se caracterizau prin conţinut mai înalt de pigmenţi asimilatori în comparaţie cu plantulele martor (tab.2). Conţinutul pigmenţilor clorofilieni în frunzele plantulelor tratate cu giberelină depăşea valoarea acestora comparativ cu plantulele din varianta martor cu 12,5%, iar fondul pigmenţilor asimilatori în frunzele plantulelor tratate cu soluţiile de Fludisec 0,00001…0,000001% era mai mare corespunzător cu 25,0…54,87 la sută. The property of the selenium coordination compound to stimulate the growth processes of garlic seedlings was established. A major effect was recorded in seedlings treated with Fludisec solution 0.00001 and 0.000001% respectively: by 14…24% compared to the control and by 9.8…18.5 percent compared to the closest technical solution. Seedlings treated according to the closest technical solution and the invention were characterized by a higher content of assimilatory pigments compared to the control seedlings (tab. 2). The content of chlorophyll pigments in the leaves of seedlings treated with gibberellin exceeded their value compared to the seedlings in the control variant by 12.5%, and the background of assimilatory pigments in the leaves of seedlings treated with Fludisec solutions 0.00001…0.000001% was correspondingly higher by 25.0…54.87 percent.
Tabelul 2. Conţinutul de pigmenţi asimilatori (mg / 100 g subst.) în frunzele plantulelor de usturoi Table 2. Content of assimilatory pigments (mg / 100 g subst.) in the leaves of garlic seedlings
Variante Masa, mg Clorofila a Clorofila b Cl a+ Cl b Carotenoizi Martor 53,15±0,62 23,19±0,27 76,33±1,41 17,85±0,29 Giberelină 125 mg·L-1 59,45±0,84 26,38±0,19 85,86±1,18 20,30±0,24 Fludisec 0,001% 45,24±0,59 19,10±0,22 64,34±0,92 15,06±0,11 Fludisec 0,0001% 65,44 ±0,67 28,35±0,30 93,80±0,77 19,95±0,18 Fludisec 0,00001% 66,81±0,98 28,58±0,48 95,39±1,23 22,57±0,19 Fludisec 0,000001% 82,02±1,43 36,19±0,55 118,21±1,85 26,27±0,32 Fludisec 0,0000001% 56,81±1,04 27,31±0,43 84,12±1,02 16,78±0,20Variants Mass, mg Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Cl a+ Cl b Carotenoids Control 53.15±0.62 23.19±0.27 76.33±1.41 17.85±0.29 Gibberellin 125 mg·L-1 59.45±0.84 26.38±0.19 85.86±1.18 20.30±0.24 Fludisec 0.001% 45.24±0.59 19.10±0.22 64.34±0.92 15.06±0.11 Fludisec 0.0001% 65.44 ±0.67 28.35±0.30 93.80±0.77 19.95±0.18 Fludisec 0.00001% 66.81±0.98 28.58±0.48 95.39±1.23 22.57±0.19 Fludisec 0.000001% 82.02±1.43 36.19±0.55 118.21±1.85 26.27±0.32 Fludisec 0.0000001% 56.81±1.04 27.31±0.43 84.12±1.02 16.78±0.20
După conţinutul dialdehidei malonice s-a stabilit că atât giberelina, cât şi compusul coordinativ cu seleniu reduc efectul stresului oxidativ în frunzele plantulelor ca rezultat al majorării activităţii enzimelor de protecţie antioxidantă (tab.3). According to the content of malonic dialdehyde, it was established that both gibberellin and the selenium coordination compound reduce the effect of oxidative stress in the leaves of seedlings as a result of increasing the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes (tab. 3).
Tabelul 3. Conţinutul dialdehidei malonice şi activitatea enzimelor de protecţie antioxidantă în frunzele plantulelor de usturoi tratate conform celei mai apropiate soluţii tehnice şi invenţiei la etapele iniţiale de dezvoltare Table 3. Malonic dialdehyde content and antioxidant protection enzyme activity in the leaves of garlic seedlings treated according to the closest technical solution and the invention at the initial stages of development
Variante DAM, µM·g s.p. SOD, un . conv. · g s. p. CAT, mM· g s.p. AscPX, mM· g s.p. M ± m Δ, % M ± m Δ, % M ± m Δ, % M ± m Δ, % Martor 7,06±0,22 7,34±0,18 3,71±0,15 3,62±0,14 Giberelină 125 mg·L-1 6,29±0,18 -10,91 10,60±0,31 44,4 3,84±0,12 3,5 5,40±0,16 49,2 Fludisec 0,0001% 4,83±0,20 -31,59 13,93±0,22 89,8 3,89±0,16 4,8 5,18±0,15 43,1 Fludisec 0,00001% 4,66±0,17 -33,99 14,04±0,34 91,3 4,11±0,14 10,8 5,47±0,11 51,1 Fludisec 0,000001% 4,66±0,13 -33,99 14,50±0,38 97,5 4,11±0,11 10,8 6,29±0,21 73,8 Fludisec 0,0000001% 5,47±0,21 -22,52 13,91±0,11 89,5 3,17±0,10 -14,5 4,07±0,10 12,4 DAM variants, µM·g s.p. SOD, a . conv. g s. p. CAT, mM · g s.p. AscPX, mM · g s.p. M ± m Δ, % M ± m Δ, % M ± m Δ, % M ± m Δ, % Control 7.06±0.22 7.34±0.18 3.71±0.15 3.62±0.14 Gibberellin 125 mg·L-1 6.29±0.18 -10.91 10.60±0.31 44.4 3.84±0.12 3.5 5.40±0.16 49.2 Fludisec 0.0001% 4.83±0.20 -31.59 13.93±0.22 89.8 3.89±0.16 4.8 5.18±0.15 43.1 Fludisec 0.00001% 4.66±0.17 -33.99 14.04±0.34 91.3 4.11±0.14 10.8 5.47±0.11 51.1 Fludisec 0.000001% 4.66±0.13 -33.99 14.50±0.38 97.5 4.11±0.11 10.8 6.29±0.21 73.8 Fludisec 0.0000001% 5.47±0.21 -22.52 13.91±0.11 89.5 3.17±0.10 -14.5 4.07±0.10 12.4
Notă: s.p. - substanţă proaspătă Note: s.p. - fresh substance
Eficienţa protecţiei antioxidante la plantulele tratate conform invenţiei este veridic mai mare decât la plantulele tratate cu giberelină şi, mai ales, comparativ cu plantulele martor. Rezultatele investigaţiilor demonstrează că tratamentul bulbilor conform invenţiei condiţionează intensificarea proceselor de creştere, majorarea conţinutului de pigmenţi asimilatori şi intensificarea protecţiei antioxidante la plantulele de usturoi. The efficiency of antioxidant protection in seedlings treated according to the invention is indeed higher than in seedlings treated with gibberellin and, especially, compared to control seedlings. The results of the investigations demonstrate that the treatment of bulbs according to the invention conditions the intensification of growth processes, the increase in the content of assimilatory pigments and the intensification of antioxidant protection in garlic seedlings.
Exemplul III. Argumentarea eficienţei tratării plantelor conform invenţiei asupra performanţelor biologice ale plantelor în condiţii de câmp Example III. Argumentation of the effectiveness of plant treatment according to the invention on the biological performance of plants under field conditions
În experienţe de câmp s-a studiat influenţa giberelinei vizavi de efectul compusului coordinativ cu seleniu Fludisec, asupra proprietăţilor antioxidante ale frunzelor şi bulbilor plantelor de usturoi, conţinutului de seleniu ca factor de majorare a capacităţii de protecţie antioxidantă, creşterii şi productivităţii plantelor. Schema experienţelor cuprinde variantele: 1 - martor; 2 - plante tratate cu soluţie de giberelină 125 mg·L-1, conform celei mai apropiate soluţii tehnice; 3 - plante tratate cu soluţie apoasă de Fludisec 0,000001%. Pe parcursul vegetaţiei plantelor s-au efectuat 3 tratări ale aparatului foliar al plantelor cu un interval de 2 săptămâni. Analizele proceselor fiziologice s-au efectuat pe frunze după fiecare tratament şi pe bulbi după cea de-a doua şi a treia prelucrare. După fiecare tratare s-a determinat conţinutul pigmenţilor asimilatori, intensitatea stresului oxidativ (după conţinutul dialdehidei malonice), capacitatea sistemelor de protecţie antioxidantă, productivitatea şi conţinutul de seleniu în frunze şi bulbi. Rezultatele sunt prezentate în tabelele 4 - 8. In field experiments, the influence of gibberellin was studied in relation to the effect of the selenium coordination compound Fludisec, on the antioxidant properties of garlic plant leaves and bulbs, selenium content as a factor increasing antioxidant protection capacity, plant growth and productivity. The experimental scheme includes the following variants: 1 - control; 2 - plants treated with gibberellin solution 125 mg·L-1, according to the closest technical solution; 3 - plants treated with aqueous solution of Fludisec 0.000001%. During the vegetation of the plants, 3 treatments of the foliar apparatus of the plants were carried out with an interval of 2 weeks. Analyses of physiological processes were carried out on leaves after each treatment and on bulbs after the second and third processing. After each treatment, the content of assimilatory pigments, the intensity of oxidative stress (according to the content of malonic dialdehyde), the capacity of antioxidant protection systems, productivity and selenium content in leaves and bulbs were determined. The results are presented in tables 4 - 8.
Suplinirea plantelor de usturoi cu Se, prin tratarea aparatului foliar cu compusul coordinativ cu seleniu, a condiţionat o majorare a conţinutului de pigmenţi asimilatori. Supplementing garlic plants with Se, by treating the foliar apparatus with the selenium coordination compound, caused an increase in the content of assimilatory pigments.
Plantele tratate cu soluţie de giberelină se caracterizau printr-un conţinut al pigmenţilor verzi cu 17,61% mai mare decât în frunzele plantelor martor, iar plantele stropite cu Fludisec aveau conţinutul pigmenţilor verzi cu 24,81 la sută mai mare. La plantele tratate cu Fludisec veridic se majorează şi conţinutul de carotenoizi, care mai au şi funcţia de protecţie a cloroplastelor de la destrucţia oxidativă (tab. 4). Plants treated with gibberellin solution were characterized by a content of green pigments 17.61% higher than in the leaves of control plants, and plants sprayed with Fludisec had a content of green pigments 24.81 percent higher. In plants treated with Fludisec veridic, the content of carotenoids also increases, which also have the function of protecting chloroplasts from oxidative destruction (tab. 4).
Tabelul 4. Influenţa compusului cu Se asupra conţinutului de pigmenţi în frunzele plantelor de usturoi Table 4. Influence of the Se compound on the pigment content in the leaves of garlic plants
Variante Clorofila a, mg · 100 g s. p. Clorofila b, mg · 100 g s. p. Clorofila a+b, mg · 100 g s. p. Carotenoizi, mg · 100 g s. p. M ± m δ, % M ± m δ, % M ± m δ, % M ± m δ, % Martor 20,21±0,51 9,49±0,16 29,70±0,66 8,76±0,20 Giberelină 125 mg·L-1 23,81±0,62 17,81 11,11±0,28 17,07 34,93±0,81 17,61 10,13±0,22 15,64 Fludisec 0,00001% 25,17±0,54 24,54 11,78±0,29 24,13 37,07±0,66 24,81 10,30±0,17 17,58Variants Chlorophyll a, mg · 100 g s. p. Chlorophyll b, mg · 100 g s. p. Chlorophyll a+b, mg · 100 g s. p. Carotenoids, mg · 100 g s. p. M ± m δ, % M ± m δ, % M ± m δ, % M ± m δ, % Control 20.21±0.51 9.49±0.16 29.70±0.66 8.76±0.20 Gibberellin 125 mg·L-1 23.81±0.62 17.81 11.11±0.28 17.07 34.93±0.81 17.61 10.13±0.22 15.64 Fludisec 0.00001% 25.17±0.54 24.54 11.78±0.29 24.13 37.07±0.66 24.81 10.30±0.17 17.58
Acţiunea protectoare a compusului nou se manifestă şi prin reglarea conţinutului de prolină (Pro), care, după cum se ştie, are multiple funcţii benefice în răspunsul plantelor la acţiunea factorilor de stres, inclusiv în ajustarea osmotică, stabilizarea structurii celulelor şi membranelor, şi eliminarea radicalilor liberi (tab. 5). The protective action of the new compound is also manifested by regulating the content of proline (Pro), which, as is known, has multiple beneficial functions in the response of plants to the action of stress factors, including osmotic adjustment, stabilization of cell and membrane structure, and elimination of free radicals (tab. 5).
Tabelul 5. Conţinutul prolinei (µg·g-1 s.p.) în frunzele şi bulbii plantelor de usturoi Table 5. Proline content (µg·g-1 s.p.) in leaves and bulbs of garlic plants
Organ Martor Giberelină 125 mg·L-1 Fludisec 0,00001% M±m M±m Δ, % Martor M±m Δ, % Martor În frunze 0,240 ± 0,006 0,293 ± 0,008 22,08 0,410 ±0,013 70,83 În bulbi 1,735 ± 0,047 1,850 ± 0,038 6,63 2,247 ±0,052 29,51Control Organ Gibberellin 125 mg·L-1 Fludisec 0.00001% M±m M±m Δ, % Control M±m Δ, % Control In leaves 0.240 ± 0.006 0.293 ± 0.008 22.08 0.410 ±0.013 70.83 In bulbs 1.735 ± 0.047 1.850 ± 0.038 6.63 2.247 ±0.052 29.51
În conformitate cu datele experimentale, suplimentarea plantelor de usturoi (Allium sativum L.) cu seleniu prin tratare cu Fludisec sporeşte toleranţa la stresul oxidativ, cauzat de secetă (tab.6). According to experimental data, supplementing garlic plants (Allium sativum L.) with selenium through treatment with Fludisec increases tolerance to oxidative stress caused by drought (Table 6).
Tabelul 6. Conţinutul dialdehidei malonice şi activitatea enzimelor de protecţie antioxidantă în frunzele şi bulbii plantelor de usturoi (Allium sativum L.) Table 6. Malonic dialdehyde content and antioxidant enzyme activity in the leaves and bulbs of garlic plants (Allium sativum L.)
Parametri Martor Giberelină 125 mg·L-1 Fludisec 0,00001% M ± m M ± m δ, % M ± m δ, % În frunze (după a III-a pre-tratare) DAM, µM·g s.p. 32,35 ± 0,38 28,12 ± 0,29 -13,08 25,52±0,36 -21,11 SOD, un. conv.·g-1 s.p. 62,81 ± 0,73 66,86 ± 0,92 6,45 78,39±0,47 24,80 CAT, mmol·g-1 s.p. 1,30 ± 0,015 1,78 ± 0,009 36,92 1,94±0,04 49,23 APX, mmol·g-1 s.p. 8,43 ± 0,13 9,62 ± 0,17 14,12 12,44±0,35 47,57 GlR, mM·g-1 s.p. 172,8 ± 2,08 195,31 ± 4,27 13,00 118,30±2,12 38,46 GlPX, mM·g-1 s.p. 85,44 ± 1,94 106,58 ± 2,15 24,74 217,01±3,64 25,56 În bulbi (după a III-a pre-tratare) DAM, µM·g s.p. 16,18 ± 0,20 15,18 ± 0,34 -7,18 12,1±0,19 -25,15 SOD, un. conv.·g-1 s.p. 52,81 ± 0,77 57,86 ± 0,61 9,56 70,14±0,52 32,82 CAT, mmol·g-1 s.p. 2,14 ± 0,012 2,32 ± 0,07 8,41 2,98±0,05 39,25 APX, mmol·g-1 s.p. 7,16 ±0,10 8,57 ± 0,14 19,69 11,31±0,02 57,96 GlR, mM·g-1 s.p. 182,84 ±2,95 205,31 ± 5,62 12,29 227,01±3,89 24,16 GlPX, mM·g-1 s.p. 95,15 ± 2,31 101,34 ± 1,87 6,51 120,21±2,05 26,34Parameters Control Gibberellin 125 mg·L-1 Fludisec 0.00001% M ± m M ± m δ, % M ± m δ, % In leaves (after the 3rd pre-treatment) DAM, µM·g s.p. 32.35 ± 0.38 28.12 ± 0.29 -13.08 25.52±0.36 -21.11 SOD, un. conv.·g-1 s.p. 62.81 ± 0.73 66.86 ± 0.92 6.45 78.39±0.47 24.80 CAT, mmol·g-1 s.p. 1.30 ± 0.015 1.78 ± 0.009 36.92 1.94±0.04 49.23 APX, mmol·g-1 s.p. 8.43 ± 0.13 9.62 ± 0.17 14.12 12.44±0.35 47.57 GlR, mM·g-1 s.p. 172.8 ± 2.08 195.31 ± 4.27 13.00 118.30 ± 2.12 38.46 GlPX, mM·g-1 s.p. 85.44 ± 1.94 106.58 ± 2.15 24.74 217.01±3.64 25.56 In bulbs (after the 3rd pre-treatment) DAM, µM·g s.p. 16.18 ± 0.20 15.18 ± 0.34 -7.18 12.1±0.19 -25.15 SOD, un. conv.·g-1 s.p. 52.81 ± 0.77 57.86 ± 0.61 9.56 70.14±0.52 32.82 CAT, mmol·g-1 s.p. 2.14 ± 0.012 2.32 ± 0.07 8.41 2.98±0.05 39.25 APX, mmol·g-1 s.p. 7.16 ±0.10 8.57 ± 0.14 19.69 11.31±0.02 57.96 GlR, mM·g-1 s.p. 182.84 ±2.95 205.31 ± 5.62 12.29 227.01±3.89 24.16 GlPX, mM·g-1 s.p. 95.15 ± 2.31 101.34 ± 1.87 6.51 120.21 ± 2.05 26.34
Administrarea atât a giberelinei, cât şi a compusului biologic activ cu seleniu a asigurat o diminuare a impactului secetei din vara a. 2015, ceea ce s-a manifestat prin intensificarea veridică a activităţii enzimelor de protecţie antioxidantă, creşterea şi productivitatea plantelor (tab. 6; 7). La aceste plante activitatea SOD, CAT, APX, GPX, GR avea tendinţa de majorare atât în frunze, cât şi în bulbi (tab.6). Caracterul schimbărilor conţinutului dialdehidei malonice şi activităţii enzimelor de protecţie antioxidantă la plantele tratate confirmă efectul de diminuare a stresului oxidativ. Acţiunea antioxidantă a seleniului se manifestă prin tendinţa de normalizare a acestor parametri; valorile DAM au scăzut semnificativ nu numai faţă de cele ale plantelor martor, dar şi comparativ cu efectul giberelinei. The administration of both gibberellin and the biologically active compound with selenium ensured a reduction in the impact of the drought in the summer of 2015, which was manifested by the veridical intensification of the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes, plant growth and productivity (tab. 6; 7). In these plants, the activity of SOD, CAT, APX, GPX, GR tended to increase both in leaves and in bulbs (tab. 6). The nature of the changes in the content of malonic dialdehyde and the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes in treated plants confirms the effect of reducing oxidative stress. The antioxidant action of selenium is manifested by the tendency to normalize these parameters; DAM values decreased significantly not only compared to those of control plants, but also compared to the effect of gibberellin.
Intensificarea proprietăţilor antioxidante se datorează majorării conţinutului de seleniu în organele plantelor (tab. 7). The intensification of antioxidant properties is due to the increase in selenium content in plant organs (tab. 7).
Tabelul 7. Efectul tratării plantelor de usturoi asupra conţinutului de seleniu în frunze şi bulbi (µg·kg-1 s. u.) Table 7. Effect of garlic plant treatment on selenium content in leaves and bulbs (µg·kg-1 d. u.)
Organ Martor Giberelină 125 mg·L-1 Fludisec 0,00001% M±m M±m Δ, % Martor M±m Δ, % Martor În frunze 74,0± 1,8 84,0 ± 2,1 13,51 88,0 ±1,9 18,92 În bulbi 47,0 ± 0,7 59,0± 1,2 25,53 70,0±1,1 48,94Control Organ Gibberellin 125 mg·L-1 Fludisec 0.00001% M±m M±m Δ, % Control M±m Δ, % Control In leaves 74.0± 1.8 84.0 ± 2.1 13.51 88.0 ±1.9 18.92 In bulbs 47.0 ± 0.7 59.0± 1.2 25.53 70.0±1.1 48.94
Efect maxim de majorare a conţinutului de seleniu atât în frunze, cât şi în bulbi s-a înregistrat la plantele tratate conform invenţiei. The maximum effect of increasing selenium content in both leaves and bulbs was recorded in plants treated according to the invention.
Optimizarea stării funcţionale a plantelor prin pre-tratare foliară cu giberelină, îndeosebi cu Fludisec, a condus la stimularea proceselor de creştere şi acumularea biomasei plantelor (tab.8). Optimizing the functional state of plants through foliar pre-treatment with gibberellin, especially with Fludisec, led to the stimulation of growth processes and the accumulation of plant biomass (Table 8).
Tabelul 8. Efectul giberelinei şi Fludisec-ului asupra productivităţii plantelor de usturoi Table 8. Effect of gibberellin and Fludisec on the productivity of garlic plants
Variante Masa plantei g · pl. Productivitatea plantei, g · pl. Recolta, kg · m2 M ± m δ, % M ± m δ, % M ± m δ, % Martor 64,44 ±0,82 36,289±0,73 1,016 ±0,09 Giberelină 125 mg·L-1 68,87±1,08 6,87 39,000±0,58 7,47 1,092 ±0,13 7,48 Fludisec 0,00001% 78,10±0,74 21,20 44,34±0,64 22,20 1,241 ±0,08 22,18Variants Plant mass g · pl. Plant productivity, g · pl. Harvest, kg · m2 M ± m δ, % M ± m δ, % M ± m δ, % Control 64.44 ±0.82 36.289±0.73 1.016 ±0.09 Gibberellin 125 mg·L-1 68.87±1.08 6.87 39.000±0.58 7.47 1.092 ±0.13 7.48 Fludisec 0.00001% 78.10±0.74 21.20 44.34±0.64 22.20 1.241 ±0.08 22.18
Acumularea biomasei plantelor pre-tratate cu giberelină şi, mai ales, cu Fludisec, este mai mare comparativ cu plantele din varianta martor. Efectul de majorare a masei plantei constituie corespunzător 6,87 şi respectiv 21,20%. Masa medie a bulbilor prevalează faţă de martor cu 7,47 şi 22,20 la sută respectiv. The accumulation of biomass of plants pre-treated with gibberellin and, especially, with Fludisec, is higher compared to the plants in the control variant. The effect of increasing the plant mass is correspondingly 6.87 and 21.20% respectively. The average mass of the bulbs prevails over the control by 7.47 and 22.20 percent respectively.
Tratarea plantelor conform noului procedeu a asigurat un spor de producţie de 22,18% comparativ cu martorul şi de 13,70% comparativ cu cea mai apropiată soluţie tehnică. Prin urmare, plantele cultivate conform invenţiei, comparativ cu cea mai apropiată soluţie tehnică, se caracterizează printr-o mai bună creştere, productivitate şi ameliorare veridică a proprietăţilor antioxidante ale frunzelor şi bulbilor. The treatment of plants according to the new process ensured a production increase of 22.18% compared to the control and 13.70% compared to the closest technical solution. Therefore, the plants cultivated according to the invention, compared to the closest technical solution, are characterized by better growth, productivity and true improvement of the antioxidant properties of the leaves and bulbs.
1. Yli-Halla M. Influence of selenium fertilization on soil selenium status. Proceedings Twenty Years of Selenium Fertilization. Ed. Eurola M., Helsinki, Finland, 2005, p.25-32 1. Yli-Halla M. Influence of selenium fertilization on soil selenium status. Proceedings Twenty Years of Selenium Fertilization. Ed. Eurola M., Helsinki, Finland, 2005, p.25-32
2. Голубкина Н. А., Добруцкая Е.Г., Новоселов Ю.М. Гормональное регулирование накопления селена растениями. Овощи России. 2015, № 3, р.104-107 2. Голубкина Н. A., Dobrutskaya E.G., Novoselov Yu.M. Hormonal regulation of selenium accumulation by plants. Vegetables of Russia. 2015, № 3, p.104-107
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| MDS20160041A MD1087Z (en) | 2016-03-24 | 2016-03-24 | Process for growing garlic |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| MD (1) | MD1087Z (en) |
-
2016
- 2016-03-24 MD MDS20160041A patent/MD1087Z/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| Yli-Halla M. Influence of selenium fertilization on soil selenium status. Proceedings Twenty Years of Selenium Fertilization. Ed. Eurola M., Helsinki, Finland, 2005, p.25-32 * |
| Голубкина Н. А., Добруцкая Е.Г., Новоселов Ю.М. Гормональное регулирование накопления селена растениями. Овощи России. 2015, № 3, р.104-107 * |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MD1087Y (en) | 2016-11-30 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| FG9Y | Short term patent issued | ||
| KA4Y | Short-term patent lapsed due to non-payment of fees (with right of restoration) |