LV13136B

LV13136B - Air feed and distribution in combustion chamber method and heating boiler

Info

Publication number: LV13136B
Application number: LVP-03-117A
Authority: LV
Inventors: Edmundas Strupaitis
Original assignee: Edmundas Strupaitis
Priority date: 2001-04-19
Filing date: 2003-10-21
Publication date: 2004-05-20
Also published as: EA005303B1; PL368070A1; LT2001044A; DE60222887T2; EE04976B1; LT4998B; PL202124B1; ATE375480T1; WO2002086390A1; EP1389286A1; EP1389286B1; EE200300508A; EA200301136A1; DE60222887D1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method to improve the air distribution in a heating boiler combustion furnace. In the upper part of combustion chamber (1) there is a hole, where there is an air feeding tube (2) able to slide freely up and down with an air distributor (3) on the end, installed. The air distributor (3) is hollow and is of disc shape on the upper zone of which there is the tip (18) and on the lower zone of which there is a cone head (19). On the peripheral zone of the disc, on the tip (18), at the narrow end of the head (19) and its sided there are holes (3a, 19a, 19b, 18a), with help of which the air is distributed in the focus of combustion. The air distributor (3) learns on the upper part of fuel charge and gets down when fuel is burning.

Description

LV 13136

AIR FEED AND DISTRIBUTION IN COMBUSTION CHAMBER METHOD AND HEATING BOILER FIELD OF THE INVENTION 5

The present invention is of the field of heating techniques and relates to a method of the air feed and distribution in combustion chamber and boiler for Central heating. The boiler also supplies hot vvater for domestic purpose. 10

There is known an incinerator of sectional structure which has an air pipe for sending combustion air into a furnace. The air pipe is a straight pipe tapered off at end portion and closed by a plug. The air pipe is also inserted into a furnace through a hole opened on an upper furnace wall. 15 The air is fed into an air pipe by a fan. Combustion air spouts through the air pipe holes and burns fuel, in this case refuse (see patent EP 0636840A1).

This air feed and distribution in combustion chamber method and combustion device are suitable for safe and intensive refuse firing but it is 20 not effective for long - duration economic fuel burning.

There is known a burner for burning, granular, peliet or similarly sized solid heating fuel includes a retort in which solid fuel is ignited and bumed. A peripheral electrical igniter is included vvithin the retort for initiating self-25 sustaining combustion of the solid fuel at its uppermost surface. Combustion air is supplied centrally within the retort and is emitted radially outvvard for burning solid fuel evenly across its uppermost surface.

The construction of such a burner is complex and it is unfit for burning a fire - wood. 2

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to propose a method of air feed and distribution in the combustion chamber, which will allow simplifying 5 construction of heating boiler.

The said purpose is achieved when air fed into the combustion chamber by the tube from the above, the tube has the air distributor at the end, which leans on the fuel, gets down when fuel volume in the combustion chamber decreases and the air is distributed as the follovving: 40 - 60 % would get into the focus of 10 combustion, 10 - 30 % - onto the edges of the combustion focus, 20 - 40 % -over the combustion focus.

It is another object of the invention to propose the construction of centra! heating boiler realizing said air distribution method.

The said purpose is achieved when the heating boiler comprises a 15 combustion chamber, vvhich a double wall has a reservoir filled wīth vvater to be heated, a smoke outlet openings fuel charge and ash removal openings with doors and outputs of vvater inlet and outlet, the combustion chamber is installed vertically and is of the shape of a rounded or polygon cylinder, on the top of vvhich there is a hole, vvhere there is an air feeding tube able to move 20 freely up and down with an air distributor at the end leaning on the fuel in the combustion chamber, installed.

To achieve the goal described above easier some of essential characters of the heating boilers are specified as the follovving: 25 - air distributor is hollovv and is of disc shape, on the upper zone of vvhich there is the tip for its connection to the air feeding tube, and on the lovver zone of vvhich there is a cone head. On the peripheral zone of the air distributor, on the tip, at the narrovv end of the head and its sides there are holes, contacting with the internai cavity of the air distributor. 30 - the disc area of the air distributor constitutes 0,3 - 0,5 of cross-sectional 3 3 LV 13136 area of the combustion chamber. - the air feeding tube is of the shape of a telescope construction striving to decrease its length (a tube of a less diameter is put into another tube and is able to move freely inside this tube).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAVVING

The essence of the invention may be better understood from the follovving detailed aescription which refers to the dravving where a longitudinal section of the heating boiler is shovvn.

The heating boiler comprises of the main parts as the follovving: combustion chamber 1, air feeding tube 2, air distributor 3, cover 4 and air transmission cylinder 5 connected to it, protective housing 6 and heat insulating wrap 7.

The combustion chamber 1 is of the shape of a vertical cylinder and has double wall, i.e. internai 8 and external 9. The reservoir in the wall is filled with vvater 10. In the upper part of the combustion chamber 1 there is an opening of smoke outlet 11 and a fuel charge opening 12. At the bottom part of the combustion chamber 1 there is an ash removal opening 13.

Fuel charge and ash removal openings 12 and 13 has doors respectively to 14 and 15. The top of the combustion chamber 1 is covered with a cover 4 and a transmission cylinder 5 is inside upper part of the combustion chamber 1. Betvveen the transmission cylinder 5 and the internai wall 8 of the combustion chamber 1 there is a gap 16 thus smoke is directed along the wall 8. The bottom of the transmission cylinder 5 has a partition prolonging the path of smoke up to the outlet opening 11. In the cover 4 there is an air inlet opening 17.

The air feeding tube 2 is of telescopic construction striving to decrease its length (a tube of a less diameter is put into another tube of a larger diameter and is able to move freely inside this tube). The air feeding tube 2 shovvn in the dravving consists of three tubes of different diameters. The air feeding tube 2 is put into the inside of the combustion chamber 1 via the hole in the 4 bottom of the transmission cylinder 5.

The air distributor 3 is hollovv and of disc shape. On its upper zone there is a tip 18, and on the lower zone - a cone head 19. On the peripheral zone of the air 5 distributor 3, on the tip 18 and at the narrovv end and sides of the head 19 there are holes respectively to 3a, 18a, 19a and 19b, contacting to the internai cavity of the air distributor.

The air distributor 3 is connected to the Internai air feeding tube 2a via the tip 18. To the internai air feeding tube 2a there is a thin rope 20 attached vvhich is 10 led out into the exterior of the heating boiler through the cover 4 and over pulleys 21 and 22.

There is a valve 23 installed at the opening of air inlet 17. The heating boiler is mounted on the foundation 24 produced of bricks or fireproofīng concrete. 15 The dravving does not show any outputs of water inlet and outlet.

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

The preparation of the heating boiler for combustion is as the follovving. 20 When the rope 20 is pulled, the air distributor 3 with the air feeding tube 2 is dravvn (lifted) to the bottom of the transmission cylinder 5. The door 14 is opened, and through the fuel charge opening 12 fuel is charged into the combustion chamber 1 up to its top; on the top there is kindling put; when the rope 20 is released the air distributor 3 leans on the kindling and the top part of fuel. 25 The heating boiler functions as the follovving .When the door 14 and valve 23 are opened, the kindling is fired through the fuel charge opening 12 and the door 14 is closed. During the burning of fuel its volume in the combustion chamber 1 is decreasing and the focus of combustion 30 is getting (sliding) down. Because the air distributor 3 is leaning on fuel burning, it is also getting down up to the bottom of the combustion chamber 1 5 5 LV 13136 until fuel burns away completely. During the fuel burning released heat is transferred to the water 10 through the wall 8.

Combustion is occurred as the following.

Air gets into the combustion chamber 1 through the opening of air feeding 5 17, the transmission cylinder 5, the air feeding tube 2 and the air distributor 3.

The air with the help of the air distribution 3 is distributed so that one part of air gets directly into the focus of combustion through the holes 19a and 19b, the seconti part gets onto the edges of the focus through the hole 3a, and the third air part gets over the air distributor 3 10 through the hole 18a. The air getting into the focus of combustion through the head 19 (holes 19a and 19b) is used in CO generation, the air getting through the hole 3a, is partly used for CO generation and partly for CO combustion, and the air getting in through the hole I8a is used for CO combustion. 15 Air fed to the combustion chamber is distributed as the follovving: 40-60% gets into the focus of combustion, 10-30% gets onto the edges of the combustion focus, 20-40% - over the combustion focus.

The advantages of the air feed and distribution method described above is that during the basie time of combustion the heating boiler operates under 20 optimal conditions, i.e. on!y the upper part of fuel bums intensively, combustible gas released does not cool down, does not heat the total fuel in the combustion chamber and burns effectively.

The heating boiler described above burns fire - wood and other vvooden craps, e.g. savvdust. 25 The power of the heating boiler depends on the area of the combustion chamber cross - section, time of combustion - on the height of combustion chamber. Intensity of fuel combustion may be defined manually or by automatic monitoring of the draught gauge by opening or closing the valve 23. 30 The method of air feed and distribution in combustion chamber proposed above may be applied to heating eguipment with various powers. 6 LV 13136

Claim 1:

Method for feeding and distributing air in the combustion chamber where the air is fed into a combustion chamber by a tube from above characterized in that the tube has an air distributor at the end which rests on the fuel surface, moves down when the fuel volume in the combustion chamber decreases and the air is distributed as fo!lowing: 40-60 % is supplied into combustion zone, 10-30 % onto edges of the combustion zone, 20-40 % above the combustion zone.

Claim 2: A heating boiler comprising a combustion chamber, comprising a double wall which forms a reservoir filled with vvater to be heated, a smoke outlet opening, a fuel charging means, ash removal openings with doors, a vvater inlet and vvater outlet outputs characterized in that the combustion chamber is installed vertically and is of the shape of a rounded or polygon cylinder, on the top of vvhich there is a hole with an air feeding tube able to slide freely up and down with an air distributor at the end of said tube resting on the fuel surface in the combustion chamber; the air distributor is hollovv and is of disc shape, on the upper zone of vvhich there is a tip for connection to the air feeding tube, and on the lovver zone of vvhich there is a cone head; on the peripheral zone of the distributor, on the tip, at the narrovv end of the head and at its sides there are holes communicating vvith the internai cavity of the air distributor.

Claim 3:

The boiler according to claim 2 characterised in that the disc area of the air distributor constitutes 0,3 - 0,5 of cross- sectional area of the combustion chamber.

Claim 4: A boiler according to claim 2 characterised in that the air feeding tube has a telescopic construction.

Claims

1. A method for supplying and distributing air in a combustion chamber, wherein air is introduced into the combustion chamber through a pipe from the top, is characterized in that there is an air distributor at the end of the tube which is supported on the fuel surface and moves downwardly when the volume of fuel in the combustion chamber is lowered. decreases, whereby air is distributed as follows: 40-60% are injected into the combustion zone, 10-30% are fed to the edge of the combustion zone, and 20-40% are fed over the combustion zone.

2. A boiler containing: a combustion chamber with double walls forming a reservoir filled with hot water; a smoke outlet; fuel loading device; ash outlets with doors; water inlet and water outlet devices, characterized in that the combustion chamber is arranged vertically and has a rounded polygonal cylinder shape, the upper part of which has a cavity (duct) with an air supply tube which can freely slide up and down along with the air distributor at the end of the tube which supports the fuel surface in the combustion chamber, where the air distributor is concave and has a disc-shaped shape, its upper zone has a nozzle (nozzle) for communicating with the air supply tube and the lower zone has a conical head, and the distributor in the peripheral area of the head in the head of the head is narrow at the end and at its sides are holes that connect with the internal cavity of the air distributor.

3. A boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that the air space of the air distributor is 0.3-0.5 of the cross-sectional area of the combustion chamber.

Boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that the air supply tube has a telescopic construction.