RU2598617C1 - Heating boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: thermotechnical equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used for heating rooms, as well as for production of hot water for household needs. Heating boiler contains double outer wall installed vertically and made in the form of a cylinder or a prism with formation of cavity in it for water combustion chamber with holes for smoke discharge, fuel loading, ash removal and air supply hole, wherein the telescopic tube moving freely up and down, ending with an air distributor resting on fuel is installed. Air distributor consists of top and bottom discs with axial holes, said disks are interconnected by blades, located from the central axis to outer edges of discs, hole of the top disc is connected with air supply pipe by means of bushing, hole of the bottom disc is extended with a tip resting on fuel, at that, diameter of the top disc is less than the bottom one. Blades may have curvilinear shape, can be arranged with equal angular pitch in circle of discs and can be installed inclined relative to the planes of discs.

EFFECT: boiler ensures to perform effective combustion of fuel, improving efficiency, as well as providing high degree of pyrolysis gases afterburning.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to heat engineering equipment and can be used for space heating, as well as hot water for domestic use.

Known heating boiler according to patent EP 005303, containing a combustion chamber, in the double wall of which is formed a tank filled with water, with a smoke outlet, fuel loading and ash removal holes, water inlet and outlet pipes. The specified combustion chamber is mounted vertically and made in the form of a cylinder or prism. In the upper part of the chamber there is a hole in which a freely moving up and down air supply pipe is inserted, ending with a fuel-based air distributor, while the air distributor is made in the form of a hollow disk, in the upper part of which there is a tip for connecting to the air supply pipe, and in the lower part - the head, while in the peripheral part of the disk, in the narrow end of the head and on the side surface of the head, as well as in the tip, holes are made that communicate with the internal cavity of the Air redelitelya.

The disadvantage of the technical solution is the low efficiency of fuel combustion and, as a consequence, the low efficiency of the device. This situation is explained by the following: for efficient combustion of pyrolysis gases released from the primary combustion zone, it is necessary to thoroughly mix these gases with air to form the maximum area of their contact with the oxidizing agent. In the above technical solution, air for burning pyrolysis gases is supplied through the radial openings of the distributor in the form of separate jets, which does not provide the required quality of mixing the oxidizing agent with these gases.

For efficient mixing of air (oxidizer) with fuel (gaseous, liquid, dispersed solid) in the designs of burner devices, air distributors (swirlers) are used - devices that ensure the initial axial flow of air in its contact zone with the fuel.

So, the air swirl is known according to the patent SU 187920, containing a guiding apparatus with fixed blades and a cylindrical gate providing the ability to swirl the air flow with different intensities and directions, while the entire axial flow is transformed into a turbulent tangential one.

The disadvantage of the technical solution is the lack of the possibility of dividing the air coming out of the swirl into axial and tangential. As a result, being used in a heating boiler, this swirler can provide mixing of pyrolysis gases with air only near the walls of the combustion chamber, where intense rotational motion of the medium will be observed, while a stagnant zone will be observed directly above the swirl, which reduces the quality of fuel mixing with air and reduces the efficiency of the device.

This drawback can be corrected if part of the air leaving the swirl will move upward (under the influence of the draft created by the chimney) and mix with a swirling flow partially reflected from the walls of the firebox.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the heating boiler by more efficient burning of pyrolysis gases released from the primary combustion source.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a heating boiler that is installed vertically and made in the form of a cylinder or a prism having a double outer wall with the formation in it of a water cavity, a combustion chamber with holes for exhausting smoke, loading fuel, removing ash and an opening for supplying air, into which a freely moving up and down telescopic tube is inserted, ending in a fuel-based air distributor, the air distributor consists of upper and lower disks having holes, said disks are interconnected by blades located from the central axis to the outer edges of the disks, the hole of the upper disk is connected to the air supply pipe by a sleeve, the hole of the lower disk is extended by a tip based on fuel, and the diameter of the upper disk is smaller than the lower one.

In the inventive heating boiler, the blades may have a curved shape.

Also in the inventive heating boiler, the blades can be located with equal angular pitch around the circumference of the discs.

Also in the boiler, the blades can be installed at an angle (not perpendicular) relative to the plane of the discs.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of the boiler; figure 2 - design of the air distributor.

The heating boiler consists of the following main parts: combustion chamber 1, telescopic air supply pipe 2, air distributor 3, external heat-insulating casing 4 and air chamber 5.

The combustion chamber 1 is provided with openings 6, 7 and 8, respectively, of fuel loading, ash removal and flue gas exit. The space between the combustion chamber 1 and the heat-insulating casing 4 is filled with water, the water is circulated through the boiler through the inlet and outlet pipes 9 and 10. The air chamber 5 is provided with an air inlet 11 in which the air flow control damper is located (not shown). Additionally, the boiler contains a device for moving (cocking) and holding the telescopic pipe (also not shown).

The air distributor has the following design. The sleeve 12 (fixed on the telescopic tube 2) is connected to the upper disk 13, the lower disk 14 (having a diameter larger than that of the disk 13), connected to the upper disk 13 by the vanes 15. The vanes can have different profiles, can be arranged with constant or variable pitch the circumference of the disks 13 and 14. The axial holes present in both disks form an axial channel 16, extended by a tip 17, in which radial holes are made.

The heating boiler operates as follows.

Previously, the telescopic tube 2 of the air supply together with the air distributor 3 is positioned in its highest position, the combustion chamber 1 is filled with fuel through the fuel loading hole 6, then the fuel is ignited and the hole 6 is closed by the door. The ash removal hole 7 is also closed, and the only air inlet necessary for maintaining combustion is the air inlet 11. As the temperature increases, a thrust is formed, under the influence of which air enters through the hole 11 into the air chamber 5 and then through the channel of the telescopic pipe 2 to supply air to the axial channel 16 of the distributor 3. In the specified axial channel 16, air flow is divided: part of it moves along the channel tip 17, goes directly into the combustion zone through the always available gap between the fuel and the end face of the tip 17, as well as through the radial channels in the specified tip. The other part of the air, entering the channels formed by the disk 13, the disk 14 and the blades 15, leaves in the radial direction from the distributor 3 and, in turn, is divided into two flows - one, due to the twist of the flow, by the blades 15 circulates at the wall of the combustion chamber 1, the second - is separated from the first at the edge of the upper disk 13, the diameter of which is smaller than that of the lower disk 14, and, making some rotational movement, rises up under the action of traction.

The heat released during combustion in the hearth, mainly in the form of radiation, is transferred to the wall of the combustion chamber 1 and further, due to convection, heated water.

When burning in the hearth, combustible (pyrolysis) gases are inevitably released, which, due to insufficient mixing with the primary, that is, the air entering through the tip 17, does not burn in the hearth. These gases along with the combustion products in the hearth (the presence of combustion products further reduces the concentration of air in the medium), under the influence of traction, move up the periphery of the combustion chamber 1, tending to the flue gas outlet 8. The flow of these gases, having met with a stream of air circulating near the wall (as described above), is saturated with oxygen, intensively mixed with it and ignited, generating additional heat, which is also transferred to the wall of combustion chamber 1. The required ignition temperature is achieved by heating the pyrolysis gases with smoke gases of the primary focus, as well as heated air from the structural elements of the distributor 3. Moving higher, the combustion products come into contact with another upward flow of heated air the ear, separated from the distributor 3 along the edge of the upper disk 13. If there are still unburned pyrolysis gases in the combustion products, they can be burnt by this third stream, which provides oxidation with fresh air.

Thus, the use of an air distributor of this design allows for three-stage combustion of fuel: primary - in the hearth, secondary - in the flow rotating near the wall of the combustion chamber, and tertiary - in the upward flow of flue gases.

The specified process of burning fuel can occur with different intensities, that is, allocated power, which is achieved by adjusting the flow area of the air inlet opening 11.

As the fuel level in the combustion chamber decreases, the air distributor together with the elements of the telescopic tube 2 will fall under the action of their own weight, providing a constant contact of the tip 17 with the fuel, and the combustion process will proceed identically to that described above.

Water is circulated through the boiler circuit by means of nozzles 9 and 10 by a forced or gravitational method.

At the end of the cycle, the ash is removed from the combustion chamber through the opening 7.

The inventive heating boiler allows for efficient combustion of fuel, thereby increasing efficiency, and also providing a high degree of afterburning of pyrolysis gases.

Claims (4)

1. A heating boiler comprising a vertically mounted cylinder and a prism having a double outer wall to form a water chamber in it with a combustion chamber with openings for exhausting smoke, loading fuel, removing ash and an air supply opening, into which it is inserted freely up - a downward moving telescopic tube ending in a fuel-based air distributor, characterized in that the air distributor consists of upper and lower disks having axial openings, of a decree These disks are interconnected by blades located in an arcuate manner from the central axis to the outer edges of the disks, the hole of the upper disk is connected to the air supply pipe by a sleeve, the hole of the lower disk is extended by a tip based on fuel, while the diameter of the upper disk is smaller than the lower one. 2. The heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades have a curved shape. 3. The heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades are located with equal angular pitch around the circumference of the disks. 4. The heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades are installed at an angle (not perpendicular) relative to the plane of the disks.

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