LV 13116 JIET ATE ΛΕΗΜΗ ΑΠΠΑΡΑΤ OnHcaHHe H3o6peTeHHfl
Pi3o6peTeHHe othochtcsi k oČJiacTH εβηβιιηοηηοη τεχΗΗκη η MoaceT 6bITb HCn0JIt30BaH0 πρκ KOHCTpyHpOBaHHH KOM6HHHpOBaHHBIX JI6TaT6JIbHbIX annapaTOB ropH30HTajii.Horo nepeMemernra c BepTHKajībHbiM β3λ6τομ h nocaaKofi. Ū3BecTeH κομ6ηηηροβεηηϊ>ϊη annapaT BepTHicajībHoro B3JieTa h IIOCaflKH BHHTOKpHJIOH CXeMbI, KOTOpBIH CO^ep»CHT BCe OCHOBHbie 3JieMeHTbI caMOJiera, TaKHe Kax φκ^ειηηκ, κρ&υιο c ajiepoHaMH, aBHraTejib h ap., h BepTonēTa, BbinOJIHeHbl ΠΟ ΟΛΗΟΒΗΗΤΟΒΟΗ CXeMe C pyjieBbIM, THHymHM H y6HpaiOIItHMCa aByxjionacTHBiM HecymHM βηητεμη [1]. IIpeo6pa30BaHHe caMOJiēTa BepTHKajībHoro B3JiēTa h nocaaKH H3 BHHTOKpbijioft κοΗφηΐ7ρ3ηΗΗ b caMOJiēTHyio ocymecTBJiaeTca B nojiere nyTēM ομβικεηηβ JionacTen Hecyipero βηητε e KpbiJioM. KoHCxpyKUH« annapaTa cjioacHa H3-3a Haji trana MHoroHHCJieHHbix y3JioB h aeTanen. H3BecTeH aHajionraHbin κομ6ηηηροβεηηβιη annapaT, b κοτοροΜ Hecym;HH bhht CHaSnceH bccobbim SajiaHcnpoM [2, 3]. npeo6pa30BaHne H3 BHHTOKpbiJiOH Kot^nrypanHH b caMOJiēTHyK> ocyinecTBJiaeTca nyTēM cGanacemia JionacTH h 6aaaHCnpoM c φκ^ε,ιηηκεΜ, o6pa3ya eanHyto a3poanHaMHHecKyio noBepxHOCTb. KoHCTpyKiiHa annapaTa H3-3a cncTeMbi npeo6pa30BaHna cnoacHa. Ū3BecTeH jieTaTejibHbin annapaT c xopnycoM ancKOo6pa3Hon φορΜΜ c Ka6nHOH, HameraTeJieM B03ayxa, BCTpoeHHbiM b Kopnyc, aBHraTejib, KaHajia BcacbiBaHHH h HarHeTaHna B03ayxa, coo6in,aK>in,neca c ατΜοοφεροη nepe3 conna [4]. Conna CHa6xceHbinepeKJiK)HaK)UļHMH HanpaBJiaioinHMH annapaTaMH, noaaiomuMH B03ayx noa neHTpajibHyio nacTb xopnyca bo BpeMa B3Jiera annapaTa. īlocjie B3JiēTa annapaTa nyreM nepeKJHoneHna pbraaacHon cncTeMbi HanpaBnatoinne annapaTbi μ6ηχκ)τ npnTOHHyio BennMHHy κεηελοβ n noaaioT ποτοκ B03ayxa b KaHanbi, pacnojīOHceHH&ie no περηφερηη annapaTa, o6ecneHHBaH ero nepenBnafceHne. AnnapaT HMeeT cjio>KHyio KOH<|}HrypanHio cncTeMbi HaraeTaHHH B03,ayxa. M3BecTeH annapaT BepTHKajībHoro h ropn30HTajibHoro nojiēTa^oflep^caniHH ροτορΜ, κοτορκε 3aKpenjieHbi HapoTopHOM uncice h φopMHpyκ)τ noflbēMHyio cnjiy [5]. /Ļria o6ecneHenH5i ropH30HTajibHoro nojieTa ροτορΗ BTarneaioTca BHyTpb ^ncKa. B nempajībHoft nacra ^ncKa HMeeTca npncnoco6jieHHe b enne npnBOjia, o6ecnennBaiomee MaHeBpnpOBaHna annapaTa. KoHCTpyicmw annapaTa caoacHa.
Pi3BecTeH flncKoo6pa3Hbm jieTaTejibHbin annapaT, coaepjKainHH nenrarejib, ροτορ c nponejuiepaMH, B03flymHyio nnpKyjumnoHHyK) cncTeMy, o6ecnenHBaioiiiHMH noatēM n ropH30HTajibHoe nepeMemeHne annapaTa [6]. Kaic n y BbimeynoMaHyToro annapaTa HajinHne cncTeMbi no/iann B03^yxa ycjioxcHaeT KOHCTpyKnHK>.
Pi3BecTeH JieTaTejibHbin annapaT ropH30HTajibHO-BepTHKajibHoro nepeMemeHHa, BKjnonaiomHH xopnyc, BbinojiHeHHbin b Bnjie cjiojkhoh paMbi npaMoyrojibHon φορΜΒΐ, no yrjiaM κοτοροη CMOHTnpoBaHbi Typ6ojionacTHbie nBHraTejin [7]. Kanmbin H3 jmuraTejien 3aKjnonēH bo BHyipeHHee n BHeniHee KOJibna, o6ecneHHBaiomHe ποΒοροτ imnraTejien b BepTHKajībHon njrocKOCTH n nepeMemeHne annapaTa. KoHCTpyKmw annapaTa cjioKiia n rpoM03,mca.
HanSojiee 6jih3KHm pemeHneM κ 3aaBJiaeMOMy, κοτοροε BhiSpaHO xax προτοτηπ H3o6peTeHna, «BJiaercii JieTaTejibHbin annapaT c BepTHKajībHbiM B3jiēTOM n noca^Kon, BKjnonaiomHH Kopnyc, οοοτοχιιιηη H3 ;myx KoaKcnajibHbix KOJien, Ka6nHy c pyjieBbiM ynpaBJieHneM, pa3MemeHHyio no neHTpy Kopnyca, κοΗΐ^ΗτρηΗεοκη pacnono^ceHHbie b 3a3ope MOK,qy KOJibnaMn noBopoTHbie b BepTHKajībHon miocKOCTH flBHraTejin c nponejuiepaMH, KOTOpbie o6ecneqnBaioT B3JieT, nocajļKy n ropn30HTajibHoe nepeMemeHne annapaTa, reHepaTop hjih npOH3BOflCTBa MomHOCTn Hīia ynoMXHyTbix ^enraTejien [8]. Kaambifi H3 ^enraTejien HH,rtHBH,ziyajibHO B3anMOAencTByeT c pyneBbiM ynpaBJieHneM. Pa3MemeHne ^BnraTejien c nponejuiepaMH b 3a30pe Me»cny KOJibnaMn o6ycjiaBJiHBaeT yMeHbmeHne no/ibeMHon 2 LV 13116 CHJībi, nocKOJitKy ποτοκ B03flyxa pacceHBaeTca b 3a3ope Me>Kay caMHMH jļBHraTejiBMH, τβΜ caMMM yxy^niaa ycjiOBHa B3JieTa annapaTa. KoHCTpyKiļHa annapaTa cjioama h yxy,miieHa ero MaHeBpeHHOCTi». Eļejibio H3o6peTeHHa HBjiaeica ynpomeHHe KOHCTpyKiļHH JieTaTejibHoro annapaTa n o6ecneqeHHe MaHeBpeHHOCTH annapaTa npn ero γορη3οητ3λβηομ nepeMeineHHH, a Tarae oēecneneHHe 6e3onacHOCTH npn ero aBapHHHOH noca/nce. IlocTaBneHHaa nejib ^ocTHraeTca 3a chSt τογο, hto b JieTaTejibHOM annapaTe, co^epacameM Kopnyc, Ka6nHy c cncTeMon ynpaBJieHna, jiBHraTejra, HanpuMep c nponejuiepaMH, xopnyc BbinojmeH b BH,qe njiocKoro flHCKa, no MeHbuien Mepe c πλτβκ) ^BHraTejiaMH, ycTaHOBJieHHbiMH b rHē3,qax Kopnyca. HeTbīpe ^BHraTejia coe^HHeHbi nonapHO napajiJiejibHbiMH ropH30HTajibHbiMH ocjimh, acecTKo coeanHēHHbiMH mok^ co6oh πρκ πομοικη Tpoca. Och 3aKpenjieHbi Ha Kopnyce c B03M0XCH0CTbK> nOBOpOTa BOKpyr CBOeii OCH H B3aHMO,I(eftCTByfOT ΠρΗ nOMOUIH rHflpaBJiHHecKOH CHCTeMbi c CHCTeMOH ynpaBneHHH JieTaTejibHoro annapaTa. Πητβιη flBHraTejib, npeflHa3HaqeHHbiii /uia oSecneneHHa MaHeBpeHHOCTH JieTaTejibHoro annapaTa, coejjHHēH c chctcmoh ynpaBJieHHa qepe3 CKOJib3«mHH Tpoc h ocb, 3aKpenjieHHyio Ha KOJibne οτογο jiBHraTejia. Πρκ stom jļBHraTenb jionojiHHTejibHO CHa6)KēH ycTpoftcTBOM noBopoTa ero b ropn30HTajibHon iijiockocth b BHjje nepBHHHOH napbi. H3o6peTeHHe noacHaeTca HepTeacaMH: Φηγ. 1 - npeflJiaraeMbift JieTaTejibHbm annapaT c aBHraTejiaMH, pacnono)KeHHbiMH b ropH30HTaJibHOH nnocKocTH (βηλ ceepxy); Φηγ. 2 - npe/ļJiaraeMbiH JieTaTejibHbm annapaT c jBHraTejiaMH, pacnojio^eHHbiMH b ropH30HTajibHofi njiocKOCTH (pa3pe3 A-A); Φηγ. 3 - npejļJiaraeMbiH JieTaTejibHbm annapaT c jļBHraTejuiMH, pacnojTo^eHHbiMH b ropH30HTaJibHofi nnocKocTH (pa3pe3 B-B); Φηγ. 4 - npe^JiaraeMbra JieTaTejibHbm annapaT c jiBHraTejinMH, pacnoJiOMceHHbiMH b BepTHKaJībHOH njiocKOCTH (βηλ CBepxy); 3 Φηγ. 5 - iīpe,zyiaraeMi,ifi jieTaTejibHbiū annapaT c ,3BHraTejwMH, pacnojio>KeHHBiMH b BepTHKajīBHOH nnocKOCTH (pa3pe3 A-A); Φηγ. 6 - npeflJiaraeMtra JieTaTeni.Hī>ifi annapaT c flBnraTejiflMH, pacnojioMceHHtiMH b BepTHKajīBHon nnocKocra (pa3pe3 B-B).
JleTaTejiBHBin annapaT εο,αερ>ΚΗτ KOpnyc (1) b BH^e ruiocKoro flHCKa c yTOJimeHHeM κ neHTpy BHCKa n 3aKpyrjieHneM κ περκφερΗΗ. Πο u£HTpy flHCKa pa3M8m8Ha icaČHHa (2) c εηετεΜοη ynpaBJi8HHa, BOKpyr Ka6nHBi b me3jļax Kopnyca κοΗηεΗτρηηεεκη pacnojic»K8H&i no ΜεΗΒΠίεϋ Μερε rom» ^BHraTejien (4), HanpnMep c προπεπιιερ3ΜΗ, 3anycK κοτορΒίχ npoH3BOflHTca ot reH8paT0pa. Βεε πλτβ ^BHraTejiefi cBa3aHBi ηερε3 irmpaBJTHH8CKyK) CHCTeMy (5) c chctcmoh ynpaāneHPM η ΗΜειοτ B03M0)KH0CTB nOBOpOTa B B8pTHKaJIBHOH nJIOCKOCTH. ΗεΤΒίρε flBHraT8JIH nonapHO 3aKpenji8HBi Ha o6innx ocax (6, 7), κοτορΒίε b cboio οηερε^Β 3aKpenjieHBi b noflnmnHHKax Ha κορηγεε Ji8TaT8JiBHoro annapaTa. Me>K,ay co6on ocn >κεετκο εοεΛΗΗεΗΒΐ τροεοΜ (8). ΠητβιΚ flBHraT8JiB, np8^Ha3Han8HHBiH ajui οθεεπεηεΗΗΒ Μ3ΗεΒρεΗΗθετκ πετΒτειίΒΗΟΓΟ annapaTa, CHa6xcēH KoaKcnajīBHBiM ποΒοροτΗΒίΜ KOJIBIļOM (9), B KOTOpOM ΚρεΠΗΤΟΒ OCB (10). K KOHnaM 3T0H OCH npHCOajļHHŽH CKOJIB3BIH,HH TpOC (11), B3aHMOaeHCTByiOnļHH C OCBIO (6). ,Z(BHraT8JIB CHa6)KēH ΠΟΒΟρΟΤΗΒΙΜ yCTpO0CTBOM B BHfl8 ΗερΒΑΗΗΟΗ napBI, Γ^ε 3y6naTafl p8HKa (12) BBinojiH8Ha Ha ποεερχΗοετΗ ποΒοροτΗοτο KOJiBiia (9) b np8^ejiax 90°, a B3aHMO^e0cTByiouļHH c Ηεκ περΒΗΚ (13) ycTaH0BJi8H Ha och p8ayKTopa c .zļBHraTCJīBM (3). ΠρΗ ΒερΤΗΚ3ΙΙΒΗ0Μ pacn0JI0»C8HHH Βεεχ βΒΗΓΒΤεϋεΗ ΠίΙΤΒΙΗ ΛΒΗΓΒΤεΒΒ Μ0>κετ 6βιτβ noBēpHyT η β ropH30HTajiBHofi πποεκοετη Ha 90°, ητο η ofiecneHHBaeT MaHeBpHpoBaHHe annapaTa πρα ero nonēre. JIeTaT8jiBHBin annapaT pa6oTa8T cji8flyioiiiHM o6pa30M. ΒερτοπετΗΒίκ B3JieT ocyn^CTBJiHK>T Ha ΒερτοτετΗΟΜ ρε>κΗΜε, πρκ κοτοροΜ aBHraTejm (4), HanpHM8p C np0n8JTJ18paMH, HaXOa«TCa B pa60H8M r0pH30HTaJIBH0M ΠΟΠΟΗίεΗΗΗ H C03^aK)T H8o6xO^HMyiO nO^BēMHyiO CHJiy. ΠερεΧΟΛΗΒΙΗ ρε>ΚΗΜ OT ΒερΤΗΚΒϋΒΗΟΓΌ ΒερτοπετΗοτο κ ropH30HTajiBHOMy περεΜειηεΗΗΚ) πρκ ΛοετΗ>κεΗΗΗ ΗεοβχοΛΗΜοη ΒΒίεοτΒΐ ocym8CTBnaioT εκετεΜΟΗ ynpaBJi8HH5i nyT8M nOBOpOTa Βεεχ ,ΒΒΗΓΒτεηεΗ (4) 4