LU503726B1 - Developing and preparation method of soil conditioner capable of reducing acid and improving fertility - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed are a developing and preparation method of a soil conditioner capable of reducing acid and improving fertility, and an application thereof. Formula compositions of the special soil conditioner include the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of pig manure, 30-35 parts of mushroom residue, 5-10 parts of tobacco dust, 5-20 parts of humic acid soil, 3-5 parts of peat soil, 2-3 parts of shell powder and 3-5 parts of magnesium sulfate; raw materials of the soil conditioner formula are subjected to high-temperature aerobic composting fermentation, and germination index, C/N, etc. are used as evaluation criteria for maturity. The soil conditioner of the invention has the characteristics of high humic acid content, strong exchangeable cation adsorption capacity and the like. In mountain and hilly honey pomelo orchard, applying soil conditioner promotes the formation of soil aggregate structure above 0.25 mm, increases soil pH value by 0.5-1.0 units.

Description

DESCRIPTION LU503726

DEVELOPING AND PREPARATION METHOD OF SOIL CONDITIONER

CAPABLE OF REDUCING ACID AND IMPROVING FERTILITY

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, and in particular to a developing and preparation method of a soil conditioner capable of reducing acid and improving fertility and an application thereof.

BACKGROUND

Soil acidification refers to the process of soil pH decreasing, exchangeable acid increasing and exchangeable base ion leaching under the combined action of natural factors and human factors. According to the classification standard of soil pH in China, the soil with pH < 5.0 is classified as strongly acidic soil. The subtropical zone in southern China is the main area of soil acidification, especially in Fujian and Jiangxi provinces. Fujian province is an important producing area of honey pomelo in China, with a perennial planting area of 19,1386.66 hectares.

In recent years, the soil acidification in honey pomelo orchards is serious. Taking Pinghe, Fujian, the main producing area of Guanxi honey pomelo, as an Embodiment, the strong acidic soil in honey pomelo orchards in the county accounts for 67.71%. Soil acidification may aggravate the loss of soil nutrients, reduce the ability of fertilizer conservation and supply, promote the activation of aluminum, and endanger crop growth and ecological environment. Therefore, it is of great significance for the sustainable development of honey pomelo industry to take effective measures to slow down the acidification of citrus orchard soil and maintain the pH value of honey pomelo orchard soil in a suitable range.

At present, there are different kinds of soil conditioner products on the market, because the existing soil conditioner standards only specify the amount of organic matter, but lack the corresponding requirements for the quality of organic matter. At present, many soil conditioner products use materials with high lignin content as raw materials, and lignin has no effect on improving soil structure, but the content of humic acid in soil conditioner is an important factor that really determines the quality of soil conditioner. The invention overcomes the problems of low humic acid content, low available calcium and magnesium content and the like in the existing soil conditioner, and provides a rapid soil conditioner fermentation process, and thé/503726 product is rich in humic acid, available calcium, magnesium and the like.

The granulation rate of Guanxi honey pomelo juice is reduced by improving soil physical and chemical properties.

SUMMARY

The invention discloses a developing and preparation method of a soil conditioner capable of reducing acid and improving fertility and an application thereof; the soil conditioner has the characteristics of high humic acid content, strong exchangeable cation adsorption capacity and the like. In mountain and hilly honey pomelo orchard, applying soil conditioner promotes the formation of soil aggregate structure above 0.25 mm, increases soil pH value by 0.5-1.0 units, and increases soil base saturation and water retention and storage capacity. The combination of quick and slow nutrient supply effectively reduces the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron in the leaves and fruits of Guanxi honey pomelo, and increases its calcium and magnesium contents, so as to improve the fruit quality of Guanxi honey pomelo and reduce the juice granulation rate.

In order to achieve the above objectives, the invention adopts the following technical schemes.

The invention relates to a developing and preparation method of a soil conditioner capable of reducing acid and improving fertility, wherein formula compositions of the special soil conditioner include the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of pig manure, 30-35 parts of mushroom residue, 5-10 parts of tobacco dust, 5-20 parts of humic acid soil, 3-5 parts of peat soil, 2-3 parts of shell powder and 3-5 parts of magnesium sulfate; raw materials of the soil conditioner formula are subjected to high-temperature aerobic composting fermentation, and germination index, C/N, etc. are used as evaluation criteria for maturity.

The optimal formula compositions of the special soil conditioner include the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of pig manure, 30 parts of mushroom residue, 8 parts of tobacco powder, 14 parts of humic acid soil, 5 parts of peat soil, 3 parts of shell powder and 5 parts of magnesium sulfate.

A developing and preparation method of the special soil conditioner, specifically including the following steps:

1) pretreatment of raw materials: crushing the residue of fresh mushrooms, humic acid sdiU503726 and peat soil and passing through a 0.5 cm sieve, grounding shells and passing through a 1 mm sieve to make the shell powder; 2) mixing and stirring raw materials: mixing pig manure, mushroom residue, tobacco powder, humic acid soil, peat soil, shell powder and magnesium sulfate in proportion, stirring and uniformly mixing; putting the materials in a fermentation tank, with a stacking height of the materials being 2.0 m; 3) air ventilation and odor removal: the whole aerobic composting fermentation site is closed, and the bottom of the fermentation tank is equipped with an aeration device; on the 1% to 7% days, forcing to ventilate once every 8 h; on the 8" to 14% days, ventilating once a day; on the 15% to 20% days, ventilating once every 2 days; odor removal is to use the exhaust fan at the top of the fermentation site to introduce gas into the odor treatment pool, and the odor is exhausted 2 hours after the air is introduced; all ventilation and air extraction are 30 min each time; 4) adjustment of water and pH in compost: at the beginning of compost, the water is controlled at 55-60 wt%; in the early stage of composting, the water content increases slowly, but after 7 days, the water content of compost decreases gradually; the pH in compost should be controlled below 8.0, and if the pH is more than or equal to 8.0, calcium superphosphate should be used to adjust the pH; and 5) maturity standard: the fermentation period of the whole compost is 18-20 days; when the compost is completely decomposed, it should have no odor and odor, C/N = 10-15, and the germination index is higher than 80%.

An application method of the special soil conditioner for reducing the granulation of Guanxi honey pomelo juice, including the following steps of: digging a fertilization ditch with a depth of cm along the crown drip line every winter, applying 20-30 kg of the special soil conditioner to each plant, and uniformly mixing the special soil conditioner with the original soil for use.

The invention has the obvious advantages that: (1) the invention adopts a closed aerobic composting fermentation process, which has the characteristics of rapidness and environmental protection; (2) this product is rich in humic acid and active calcium-magnesium plasma; (3) after the special soil conditioner is applied to the soil, it promotes the formation of soil aggregate structure > 0.25 mm, enhances the soil base saturation, and promotes the balanced supply of soil nutrients; besides, it is beneficial to improve the water retention and storage capacity of the sollJ503726 and ensures the water supply of the soil to the honey pomelo during the period from August to

September of each year; (4) after the application of this product, the content of vitamin C and soluble solids in honey pomelo may be significantly increased, and the granulation rate of honey pomelo juice may be reduced by 5-10 percentage points.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 shows influences of different material ratios on the temperature change of compost in Embodiment 1, wherein:

FIG. 1(a) shows a daily variation line of the temperature at 50 cm at 9:00 a.m. in the morning of treatment,

FIG. 1(b) shows a daily variation line of the temperature at 100 cm at 9:00 a.m. in the morning of treatment,

FIG. 1(c) shows a daily variation line of the temperature at 150 cm at 9:00 a.m. in the morning of treatment,

FIG. 1(d) shows a daily variation line of the temperature at 50 cm at 9:00 am on the second day of treatment;

FIG. 1(e) shows a daily variation line of the temperature at 100 cm at 9:00 am on the second day of treatment;

FIG. 1(f) shows a daily variation line of the temperature at 150 cm at 9:00 am on the second day of treatment;

FIG. 1(g) shows a daily variation line of the temperature at 50 cm at 9:00 am on the third day of treatment;

FIG. 1(h) shows a daily variation line of the temperature at 100 cm at 9:00 am on the third day of treatment;

FIG. 1(1) shows a daily variation line of the temperature at 150 cm at 9:00 am on the third day of treatment.

FIG. 2 shows influences of different material ratios on the change of water content of compost in Embodiment 1.

FIG. 3 shows influences of different material ratios on the pH change of compost in

Embodiment 1.

FIG. 4 shows influences of different material ratios on the change of organic carbon conteht/503726 of compost in Embodiment 1.

FIG. 5 shows influences of different material ratios on the change of total nitrogen content in compost in Embodiment 1.

FIG. 6 shows influences of different material ratios on the change of C/N content of compost in Embodiment 1.

FIG. 7 shows influences of different material ratios on the change of carbon content of microbial biomass in compost in Embodiment 1.

FIG. 8 shows influences of different material ratios on the change of nitrogen content in microbial biomass of compost in Embodiment 1.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In order to make the content of the present invention easier to understand, the technical scheme of the present invention will be further explained in combination with specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to this.

Embodiment 1 Effects of different material ratios on composting fermentation process of special soil conditioner 1.1 Experimental treatment 1) Treatment 1: 35 parts of pig manure, 30 parts of mushroom residue, 8 parts of tobacco powder, 14 parts of humic acid soil, 5 parts of peat soil, 3 parts of shell powder and 5 parts of magnesium sulfate; 2) Treatment 2: 30 parts of pig manure, 32 parts of mushroom residue, 8 parts of tobacco powder, 19 parts of humic acid soil, 3 parts of peat soil, 3 parts of shell powder and 5 parts of magnesium sulfate; 3) Treatment 3: 40 parts of pig manure, 34 parts of mushroom residue, 8 parts of tobacco powder, 5 parts of humic acid soil, 5 parts of peat soil, 3 parts of shell powder and 5 parts of magnesium sulfate; a preparation method of the special soil conditioner is as follows: 1) pretreatment of raw materials: crushing the residue of fresh mushrooms, humic acid soil and peat soil and passing through a 0.5 cm sieve, grounding shells and passing through a 1 mm sieve to make the shell powder;

2) mixing and stirring raw materials: mixing pig manure, mushroom residue, tobacé&/503726 powder, humic acid soil, peat soil, shell powder and magnesium sulfate in proportion, stirring and uniformly mixing; putting the materials in a fermentation tank, with a stacking height of the materials being 2.0 m; 3) air ventilation and odor removal: the whole aerobic composting fermentation site is closed, and the bottom of the fermentation tank is equipped with an aeration device; on the 1% to 7% days, forcing to ventilate once every 8 h; on the 8" to 14% days, ventilating once a day; on the 15% to 20% days, ventilating once every 2 days; odor removal is to use the exhaust fan at the top of the fermentation site to introduce gas into the odor treatment pool, and the odor is exhausted 2 hours after the air is introduced; all ventilation and air extraction are 30 min each time; 4) adjustment of water and pH in compost: at the beginning of compost, the water is controlled at 55-60 wt%; in the early stage of composting, the water content increases slowly, but after 7 days, the water content of compost decreases gradually; the pH in compost should be controlled below 8.0, and if the pH is more than or equal to 8.0, calcium superphosphate should be used to adjust the pH; and 5) maturity standard: the fermentation period of the whole compost is 18-20 days; when the compost is completely decomposed, it should have no odor and odor, C/N = 10-15, and the germination index is higher than 80%.

Water .

Treatment content A re ey C/N C/P (kg)

Treatment 1 554.93 256.65 11.13 2.35 13.37 36.82

Monnet 599.31 227.19 10.25 2.34 12.85 32.72 freemen 621.50 212.46 9.81 2.33 1256 30.66

Table 1 Contents of each component of 1-ton raw material as an example

Specification of experimental fermentation site: the tank is 50 m long, 4 m wide and 2.5 m high; there are 4 treatments in the experiment, each treatment specification is 5 mx4 mx2.0 m, and each treatment is 20 tons.

2. Results and analysis LU503726 2.1 Effects of different material ratios on composting temperature change

As may be seen from FIG. 1, the temperature of different treatments reaches above 50°C on the 4% day after composting. Based on the fermentation field, the temperature difference between cm depth and 100 cm depth is not significant, while the temperature difference between 150 cm depth and surface layer is great in the early stage of fermentation, and this temperature difference is obviously reduced in the later stage. Among the different treatments, the temperature of the first treatment increases rapidly, and the highest temperature is also the largest. 2.2 Effects of different material ratios on water content of compost

It may be seen from FIG. 2 that the water content of compost varies from 55.27% to 62.22% before the experiment, and increases first and then decreases with the extension of composting time. The water content of compost reaches the highest value in 7-9 days, and changes from 43.08% to 48.20% in the 19“ day. 2.3 Effects of different material ratios on pH change of compost

It may be seen from FIG. 3 that the pH value of compost changes from 6.89 to 7.20 before the experiment, and gradually increases with the composting time, and this upward trend becomes more and more obvious on the 9% day of composting. At the 19% day of composting, the pH value changes from 7.67 to 8.76. The higher the pH value, the greater the possibility of nitrogen loss. 2.4 Effects of different material ratios on organic matter, total nitrogen and C/N value of compost

As may be seen from FIG. 4, with the extension of composting time, the organic carbon content generally shows a downward trend. With the increase of dosage, the decline of organic carbon becomes larger, which may be due to the low C/N value and the increase of pig manure dosage, thus promoting excessive degradation of organic carbon. Among the different treatments, the humification coefficient of the Treatment 1 is the highest, that is, the volatilization loss of carbon is the least after organic materials are fermented.

As may be seen from FIG. 5, with the extension of composting time, the total nitrogen content generally shows a downward trend. With the increase of pig manure dosage, the total nitrogen decreases greatly, which may be due to the low C/N value in pig manure and thé&J503726 increase of pig manure dosage, thus promoting the excessive degradation of organic matter.

Corresponding to organic carbon, relatively speaking, the effect of nitrogen conservation by

Treatment 1 is relatively obvious.

As may be seen from FIG. 6, with the extension of composting time, C/N shows an upward trend. Because the C/N value in this experiment is low, ranging from 12.56 to 13.37, with composting, the increase of C/N value is beneficial to reduce the risk of nitrogen loss. 2.5 Effects of different material ratios on carbon and nitrogen values of microbial biomass in compost

As may be seen from FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen show a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. In the 7% day of composting, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen reach the maximum, while the temperature is between 50°C and 60°C. As the temperature continues to rise, the trend of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen decreases more and more obviously. 60°C is a dividing point, and when the composting temperature reaches 80°C, the microorganisms in the compost reach the lowest value. In different treatments, the biomass carbon and nitrogen values of the first treatment are the highest, indicating that the formula of the Treatment 1 is more conducive to the growth of microorganisms, and it is more conducive to the humification of organic materials.

Summary: based on continuous composting and aeration, the effects of three different ratios on composting and microbial biomass C and N are discussed. The results are as follows: 1) the compost reaches 50°C within 3-5 days, and then the temperature gradually increases, reaching the highest above 80°C; 2) pH and C/N all increase gradually, while the contents of organic matter and total nitrogen show a downward trend; 3) the values of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen reach the maximum at 50°C-60°C, and decrease obviously with the increase of temperature; 4) compost may be decomposed and fermented after 10-12 days, and if it continues to ferment, it causes over-ripening; 5) due to the low C/N ratio, compost fermentation has the environmental risk of nitrogen loss, especially the continuous increase of pH in the later period, which is easy to cause ammonia volatilization; 6) different compost proportions achieve the purpose of decomposition and fermentation under the condition of continuous turning over and aeration; continuous composting and aeration may complete the decomposition cycle in a short period of 10-15 days, but there is also an environmental risk of nitrogen loss; 7) all the abo¥&J503726 three formulas meet the needs of composting for fermentation, but the Treatment 1 is relatively better in terms of temperature rise, microbial activity and nutrient retention.

Embodiment 2 Fermentation process parameters of conventional oxygen compost for special soil conditioner 1) pretreatment of raw materials: crushing the residue of fresh mushrooms, humic acid soil and peat soil and passing through a 0.5 cm sieve, grounding shells and passing through a 1 mm sieve to make the shell powder; 2) mixing and stirring raw materials: mixing pig manure, mushroom residue, tobacco powder, humic acid soil, peat soil, shell powder and magnesium sulfate in proportion, stirring and uniformly mixing; 3) control of temperature and stacking: the maximum temperature of composting is controlled at 60°C-65°C; the compost shall be turned over at the 3" day when the compost temperature exceeds 65°C or the temperature reaches the maximum and starts to cool down; in the whole ripening and fermentation period, the compost should be turned over three times, respectively on the 5%, 12% and 19" days, and the fermentation may be spread out and dried after 23-25 days; 4) water and pH: in the early stage of composting fermentation, the temperature rises rapidly, and the evaporation of water is large. When composting is carried out for 13 days, the water content should be supplemented, and the water content of composting should be controlled at about 40%. The pH value of compost decreases in the early stage, and it changes from acid production to alkali production at the 13% to 19% day. 40 kg of superphosphate is added to adjust the pH value to below 8.0.; and 5) maturity standard: the compost has no odor or peculiar smell, and the germination index is over 70%.

Application example 1. Materials and methods 1.1 Experimental materials: the experiment is conducted in Houhu Honey Pomelo Garden,

Xizhou Village, Xiaoxi Town, Pinghe County, Fujian Province. The experimental site is mountainous red soil, and the variety of honey pomelo tested is "Pinghe Guanxi Honey Pomelo",

which is 13 years old. Physical and chemical properties of the tested soil: total nitrogen 1.03 g/K&)503726 total phosphorus 0.96 g/kg, total potassium 36.4 g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 105.05 mg/kg, available phosphorus 187.61 mg/kg, available potassium 187.61 mg/kg, organic matter 10.6 g/kg, pH 4.1, exchangeable magnesium 5.26 cmol(+)/kg and available sulfur 60.0 mg/kg. 1.2 Experimental design: the experiment is designed with 3 treatments and 3 replicates, with 3 plants per treatment plot and 46 plants per 666.7 m”, arranged in random blocks. The experimental treatment is designed according to the same nitrogen amount, with N fertilizer 1.0 kg, N:P20s:K,0 = 1:0.5:1. The experimental treatment contents are: (1) chemical fertilizer (control), (2) chemical fertilizer+commercial soil conditioner (4 kg per plant), and (3) chemical fertilizer+special soil conditioner (4 kg per plant). From 2014 to 2016, the experiment included 10% of the total fertilization amount, 20% of the fixed fruit fertilizer, 15% of the fruit expanding fertilizer, 25% of the strong fruit fertilizer and 30% of the post-fruit fertilizer, and the soil conditioner was applied once as the base fertilizer. 1.3 Experimental method: the fertilization method is in the shape of a tree wire rod ditch, and the direction of furrowing fertilization is staggered from the last furrowing, so as to facilitate the tree to fully absorb nutrients. Except for different fertilization, other planting management measures are the same in the experiment. 2. Results and analysis 2.1 Effects of different treatments on the yield of Guanxi honey pomelo

It may be seen from Table 2 that the yield of honey pomelo is increased by 11.4-18.2% with the application of soil conditioner compared with the application of chemical fertilizer alone.

Among the different treatments, the yield of the Treatment 3 is the highest, with a yield of 3189.3 kg per 666.7 m”, and the numerical difference reaches a significant level through variance analysis.

Treatment plants) yield (kg/3 Yield 5 Increasing plants) (kg/666.7 m“) | range (%)

EEE | 100 EC a

Table 2 Effects of different treatments on the yield of Guanxi honey pomelo LU503726 2.2 Effects of different treatments on the quality of Guanxi honey pomelo

From Table 3, it may be seen that compared with chemical fertilizer alone, chemical fertilizer combined with soil conditioner improves the vitamin C content and total sugar content of honey pomelo to varying degrees, and the increase of vitamin C content is 3.9-5.0%; the total sugar content increases by 0.06-0.53 percentage points, while the granulation rate decreases by 8.2-10.1 percentage points and the total acid content decreases by 0.01-0.05 percentage points.

Total vitamin Total Total ;

Treatment C sugar acid ue Solid/acid Bs n (mg/100 | (%) (%) ° ° , ’ 2 ' ;

Table 3 Effects of different treatments on the quality of Guanxi honey pomelo 2.3 Effects of different treatments on soil physical and chemical properties of Guanxi honey pomelo

It may be seen from Table 4 that the application of soil conditioner is beneficial to reduce soil bulk density and enhance soil porosity, field saturated water capacity and CEC content, and the application of special soil conditioner is the best among different treatments.

Treatment H we it Porosit Saturated field CEC pP (em) y capacity (%) [emol(+)/kg]

Table 4 Effects of different treatments on soil physical and chemical properties of Guanxi honey pomelo

3. Brief summary LU503726

In mountainous and hilly honey pomelo orchards, applying soil conditioner promotes the formation of soil aggregate structure > 0.25 mm, improves soil base saturation and water retention and storage capacity, and provides nutrients quickly and slowly; at the same time, it increases vitamin C and soluble solids of Guanxi honey pomelo, and reduces the juice granulation rate by 10.1 percentage points.

The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all the equal changes and modifications made according to the patent application scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.

Claims (4)

CLAIMS LU503726

1. À developing and preparation method of a soil conditioner capable of reducing acid and improving fertility, characterized in that, formula compositions of the special soil conditioner comprise the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of pig manure, 30-35 parts of mushroom residue, 5-10 parts of tobacco dust, 5-20 parts of humic acid soil, 3-5 parts of peat soil, 2-3 parts of shell powder and 3-5 parts of magnesium sulfate.

2. The developing and preparation method of a soil conditioner capable of reducing acid and improving fertility according to claim 1, characterized in that, the formula compositions of the special soil conditioner comprise the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of pig manure, 30 parts of mushroom residue, 8 parts of tobacco powder, 14 parts of humic acid soil, parts of peat soil, 3 parts of shell powder and 5 parts of magnesium sulfate.

3. The developing and preparation method of the soil conditioner capable of reducing acid and improving fertility according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that, specific steps of the developing and preparation method are as follows: 1) pretreatment of raw materials: crushing the residue of fresh mushrooms, humic acid soil and peat soil and passing through a 0.5 cm sieve, grounding shells and passing through a 1 mm sieve to make the shell powder; 2) mixing and stirring raw materials: mixing pig manure, mushroom residue, tobacco powder, humic acid soil, peat soil, shell powder and magnesium sulfate in proportion, stirring and uniformly mixing; putting the materials in a fermentation tank, with a stacking height of the materials being 2.0 m; 3) air ventilation and odor removal: the whole aerobic composting fermentation site is closed, and the bottom of the fermentation tank is equipped with an aeration device; on the 1% to 7% days, forcing to ventilate once every 8 hours; on the 8% to 14% days, ventilating once a day; on the 15% to 20% days, ventilating once every 2 days; odor removal is to use the exhaust fan at the top of the fermentation site to introduce gas into the odor treatment pool, and the odor is exhausted 2 hours after the air is introduced; all ventilation and air extraction are 30 min each time; 4) adjustment of water and pH in compost: at the beginning of compost, the water is controlled at 55-60 wt%; in the early stage of composting, the water content increases slowly, but after 7 days, the water content of compost decreases gradually; the pH in compost should bé/503726 controlled below 8.0, and if the pH is more than or equal to 8.0, calcium superphosphate should be used to adjust the pH; and 5) maturity standard: the fermentation period of the whole compost is 18-20 days; when the compost is completely decomposed, it should have no odor and odor, C/N = 10-15, and the germination index is higher than 80%.

4. An application of the soil conditioner capable of reducing acid and improving fertility according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that, digging a fertilization ditch with a depth of cm along the crown drip line after fruit picking in winter every year, applying 20-30 kg of the special soil conditioner to each plant, and uniformly mixing the special soil conditioner with the original soil for use.