LU101601B1

LU101601B1 - Plant-derived attractant for Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) and application thereof

Info

Publication number: LU101601B1
Application number: LU101601A
Authority: LU
Inventors: Guangfu Liu; Xuping Shentu; Pengjun Zhang; Xiaoping Yu; Xianshu Fu; Shigui Wang; Yipeng Xu; Qianqian Yang
Original assignee: Univ Jiliang China
Priority date: 2020-01-09
Filing date: 2020-01-09
Publication date: 2020-05-18

Abstract

Disclosed is a plant-derived attractant for Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) and an application thereof. The plant-derived attractant has an active ingredient comprising p-myrcene, a-cubene, methyl salicylic acid, and a-cypressene. The attractant is a plant-derived attractant, and its components and ratios mimic host plants in nature. The attractant has an attracting effect on Harmonia axyridis (Pallas). Further disclosed is an application of the attractant for Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) in the field of pest control. The attractant can be added dropwise to lures to form releasers. The releasers evenly scattered in the field can effectively improve the attraction rate of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) and improve the predation rate of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) against pets. The preparation method of the attractant is simple and suitable for large-scale application. The invention can reduce the use of pesticides, effectively reduce the ecological environment pollution and pesticide residues in crops, and has significant ecological and social benefits.

Description

PLANT-DERIVED ATTRACTANT FOR HARMONIA AXYRIDIS (PALLAS) AND APPLICATION THEREOF BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to the field of plant protection, and in particular to a plant-derived attractant for Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) and an application thereof.

[0003] Description of Related Art

[0004] Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), as a predatory predator in China's agricultural ecosystem, can prey on a variety of pests such as aphids, concealers and scale insects on crops such as wheat, corn, cotton, vegetables, fruit trees, etc., with scale insects and aphids as its main prey, soit plays an important role in controlling the occurrence of pest populations. Although scale insects and aphids have many natural enemy insects in nature, such as predatory ladybirds and parasitic bees and can be controlled naturally, because natural enemy insects are always lagging behind in tracking insect pests, in the early stage of the pest infestation, there are few natural enemies active in places such as vegetable plots, woodlands, etc., even if some natural enemy insects are artificially released, due to the change of the attracting odor in these places or because the concentration of the attracting odor is too low, natural enemy insects easily fly away, and the population is unstable, forming a "natural-enemy-free space", which makes pest control out of control. This is also a key issue that restricts the practical applications of biological control although biological control has been strongly advocated in the past.

[0005] Natural enemy insects locate and identify plants on the basis of volatile 1substance from host plants or other non-host plants to a large extent. By artificial LU101601 simulation, the present invention releases in the field some active substances in the plant odor sources that attract Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), to enhance the attraction to natural enemy insects Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), which has important significance in biological control.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] The objective of the present invention is to design and synthesize a plant-derived attractant for the situation that Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) has insufficient spread ability and low predation rate during the biological control process, and provides the application of the attractant in the field of pest control.

[0007] The present invention is completed by the following technical solutions:

[0008] A plant-derived attractant for Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), having an active ingrédient comprising the following components: B-myrcene, a-cubene, methyl salicylic acid, and a-cypressene. Preferably, the active ingredient comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of B-myrcene, 9-11 parts of a-cubene, 15-17 parts of methyl salicylic acid, and 69-74 parts of a-cypressene;

[0009] Further preferably, the total weight of the active ingredient is 100 parts.

[0010] Preferably, the active ingredient comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2.5 parts of B-myrcene, 10 parts of a-cubene, 16 parts of methyl salicylic acid, and 71.5 parts of a-cypressene.

[0011] Preferably, the attractant further comprises a diluent; further preferably, the diluent is liquid paraffin.

[0012] Preferably, the mass ratio of the liquid paraffin to the active ingredient is (2-3): 1.

[0013] Further preferably, the mass ratio of the diluent to the active ingredient is 7: 2

3. LU101601

[0014] Preferably, the attractant further comprises an antioxidant and an anti-ultraviolet stabilizer.

[0015] Further preferably, the antioxidant accounts for 0.1-0.3% of the total component mass, and further preferably, the antioxidant accounts for 0.2% of the total component mass;

[0016] Preferably, the anti-ultraviolet stabilizer accounts for 0.1-0.5% of the total component mass, and further preferably, the anti-ultraviolet stabilizer accounts for 0.3% of the total component mass.

[0017] Preferably, the attractant comprises an active ingredient, a diluent, an antioxidant, and an anti-ultraviolet stabilizer, wherein the mass ratio of the active ingredient to the diluent is 3: 7, the antioxidant accounts for 2% of the total component mass, and the anti-ultraviolet stabilizer accounts for 3% of the total component mass;

[0018] Further preferably, the active ingredient comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2.5 parts of B-myrcene, 10 parts of a-cubene, 16 parts of methyl salicylic acid, and 71.5 parts of a-cypressene, the diluent s liquid paraffin, the antioxidant is di-tert-butylhydroxycresol (BHT)/tert-butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), and the anti-ultraviolet stabilizer is 2-hydroxybenzophenone.

[0019] Another objective of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of the attractant of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

[0020] dissolving B-myrcene, a-cubene, methyl salicylic acid, a-cypressene, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and 2-hydroxybenzophenone directly in liquid paraffin, and mixing thoroughly to obtain an attractant solution.

[0021] Another objective of the present invention is to provide an application of the attractant of the present invention in pest control.

[0022] Preferably, the attractant solution is added dropwise to lures to form : 3releasers with a slow-release effect. 6-8g of the attractant solution is added dropwise to LU101601 each lure, and preferably, 7g of the attractant solution is added dropwise to each lure. The releasers evenly scattered in the field can effectively improve the attraction rate of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) and improve the predation rate of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) against scale insects and aphids. The lure is a sponge or a fiberboard.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the attractant of the present invention is simple, and convenient to use, and improves the biological control effect. Compared with chemical control technology, the present invention can reduce the use of pesticides and effectively reduce ecological environment pollution and pesticide residues in crops.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to examples.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] 1) This example provides an attractant for Harmonia axyridis (Pallas). The mass ratio of the active ingredient of the attractant to the diluent was 3: 7. The specific formula is was follows:

[0028] Component Quantity [g; mL]

[0029] B-myrcene 2.5g

[0030] a-cubene 10.0g

[0031] methyl salicylic acid 16.0g

[0032] a-cypressene 71.5g

[0033] Liquid paraffin 233g 4

[0034] Antioxidant 0.666g “0101601

[0035] Anti-ultraviolet stabilizer 0.999¢g

[0036] The liquid paraffin was weighed accurately, and the active ingredient, the antioxidant and the anti-ultraviolet stabilizer were added to the liquid paraffin and mixed thoroughly to obtain the attractant solution.

[0037] 2) The obtained attractant solution was added dropwise to lures to form releasers with a slow-release effect. 7g of the attractant solution was added dropwise to each lure.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] This example differed from Example 1 in that the liquid paraffin was | weighed according to the mass ratio of liquid paraffin to the above-mentioned active ingredient at 2: 1, and the active ingredient was added to the liquid paraffin and mixed thoroughly. The specific formula was as follows:

[0040] Component Quantity [g; mL]

[0041] B-myrcene 2.5g

[0042] a-cubene 10.0g

[0043] methyl salicylic acid 16.0g

[0044] a-cypressene 71.5g

[0045] Liquid paraffin 200g

[0046] Antioxidant 0.6g

[0047] Anti-ultraviolet stabilizer 0.9g

[0048] The obtained attractant solution was added dropwise to lures to form releasers with a slow-release effect. 7g of the attractant solution was added dropwise to each lure. The effect of this example was slightly inferior to that of Example 1, but the difference was not obvious (P> 0.05).

[0049] Example 3:

[0050] This example differed from Example 1 in that the liquid paraffin was LU101601 weighed according to the mass ratio of liquid paraffin to the above-mentioned active ingredient at 3: 1, and the active ingredient was added to the liquid paraffin and mixed thoroughly. The specific formula was as follows:

[0051] Component Quantity [g; mL]

[0052] B-myrcene 2.5g

[0053] a-cubene 10.0g

[0054] methyl salicylic acid 16.0g

[0055] a-cypressene 71.5g

[0056] Liquid paraffin 300g

[0057] Antioxidant 0.8g

[0058] Anti-ultraviolet stabilizer 0.12g

[0059] The obtained attractant solution was added dropwise to lures to form releasers with a slow-release effect. 7g of the attractant solution was added dropwise to each lure. The effect of this example was slightly inferior to that of Example 1, but the difference was not obvious (P> 0.05).

[0060] Example 4 The tropism of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) to the attractant of the present application

[0061] A Y-shaped olfactometer was used to measure the orienting response of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) to the attractant of the present application. The Y-shaped olfactometer had a straight tube with a length of 20cm and an inner diameter of 2.5cm. All the joints of the Y-shaped olfactometer were standard ground joints. The straight tube of the Y-shaped olfactometer was the entrance for test Harmonia axyridis (Pallas). The two arms of the Y-shaped tube were connected to two odor source bottles with silicone tubes. A distilled water bottle and an activated carbon bottle were placed in sequence in front of each odor source bottle. An air inlet of each activated carbon bottle was connected with an 6atmospheric sampler, and the atmospheric sampler controled the flow and speed of the LU101601 intake air. The straight tube part of the Y-shaped tube was wrapped with a piece of black cloth to reduce the interference of the light source on tropism of the Harmonia axyridis (Pallas). Filter paper was folded into a "V" shape, and 50 pL of each of the complexes obtained in Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3 was taken and added drowpise on a V-shaped filter paper strip evenly; and the filter paper strip was placed in one of the odor source bottles and the other odor source bottle was used as a control. The speed of the exhaust air flow was 200ml/min. Ventilation was carried out for 10 minutes before the test, and then the Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) were introduced into the straight tube of the Y-shaped tube one by one. The behavioral responses of the Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) within 30 minutes were observed. If the Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) crawled over 1/2 of the arm of an odor source and stayed for more than 5 minutes, recording that the Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) had tropism to the odor source. In the test, 40 Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) were divided into two groups. After the first 20 Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) were measured, the entire device was first cleaned with decontamination powder, then washed with 95% alcohol, and dried with hot air to eliminate the residue of the above-mentioned taste source; moreover, the test odor source and the control of the olfactometer were exchanged to eliminate the habitual tendency of the Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) to the orientation and the taste source; and then the tropism of the other 20 Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) was tested. Different odor sources and individual Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) were used in each test, and the test was carried out four times in total. Test results were recorded and t-test was carried out for data analysis.

[0062] Attraction rate (%) = [(Number of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) tending to an odor source-Number of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) tending to blank control)/total number of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas)] x 100

[0063] The results showed that the attraction rates of the attractants prepared 7according to the present application to Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) were as follows: the LU101601 attraction rate of the attractant obtained in Example 1 was 75%; the attraction rate of the attractant obtained in Example 2 was 72.5%; and the attraction rate of the attractant obtained in Example 3 was 70%. The results (Table 1) showed that the attractants prepared according to the present application had a significant attracting effect on Harmonia axyridis (Pallas).

[0064] Table 1 The tropism of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) to the attractants of the present application Complex in Complex in Complex in Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Number of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) tending to an odor 34 32 30 source Number of Harmonia axyridis 4 3 5 (Pallas) tending to blank control

[0065] Example 5

[0066] This embodiment provides the specific application of the attractant of the present application in the biological control of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas):

[0067] The plant-derived attractants for Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), prepared in Examples 1, 2, and 3, were tested in a glass greenhouse of China Jiliang University.

[0068] 1) Four net chambers with a length of 16m, a width of 8m, and a height of

1.8m were constructed in the glass greenhouse, each of the four net chambers was covered with a 60-mesh insect net, and watermelon seedlings are transplanted into the four net chambers.

[0069] 2) After the watermelon seedlings were transplanted, aphids were 8introduced into the net chambers for indoor reproduction. After aphids had multiplied in LU101601 large numbers, the Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) egg cards were hung in the four net chambers for prevention and control. The Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) egg cards were hung in the first three net chambers and the releasers prepared in Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3 were also introduced in these three net chambers. The other net chamber only had the Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) egg cards and did not use the releaser, thus serving as a control.

[0070] 3) The number of aphids in the first four net chambers with the Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) egg cards was investigated, and then the number of aphids 16 days after the release of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) was counted. Based on a five-point sampling method, two watermelon seedlings were investigated at each point, and three leaves were randomly investigated on each seedling. The leaves were gently turned to count the number of aphids, and the average single-leaf number of aphids, the aphids’ population decline rate and the control effect were calculated. Population decline rate (%) = (number of pests before release-number of pests after release)/number of pests before release x

100.

[0071] 4) The obtained test data were analyzed by Microsoft Excel and DPS software (Duncan's new multiple range method) for variance analysis.

[0072] The control effect against aphids after release of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) in the net chambers.

[0073] Results and analysis: From the results in Table 2, it can be seen that in term of the single-leaf number of aphids in the net chambers with Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) egg cards after releasers with the plant-derived attractants were introduced, the aphid population is significantly reduced 16 days after the release of the egg cards. The population decline rates in Net Chamber 1, Net Chamber 2 and Net Chamber 3 were

93.75%, 1, 91.23% and 89.90%, respectively. The population decline rates in Net 9

Chamber 2 and Net Chamber 3 were slightly lower than the population decline rate in Net LU101601 Chamber 1, but the difference was not significant (P> 0.05). The population decline rate in Net Chamber 4 without the releasers of the present application was only 66.76%. It thus can be seen that introducing releasers with plant-derived attractants in the net chamber could significantly increase the spread of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), improve the attraction rate of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), thereby increasing the predation rate of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) against aphids. Therefore, the plant-derived attractant for ; Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) according to the present application could significantly enhance the control effect of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) against aphids.

[0074] See Table 2 for specific experimental data The | The single-leaf single-leaf | number of aphids | number of Population decline Net chamber 16 days after the aphids before rate (%) release of egg the release of cards egg cards Net chamber with releasers repared in Example 1 + prep P 320 20 93.75 suspended egg cards (Net Chamber 1) Net chamber with releasers repared in Example 2 + prep P 331 29 91.23 suspended egg cards (Net Chamber 2) Net chamber with releasers repared in Example 3 + Prep P 317 32 89.90 suspended egg cards (Net Chamber 3) Control net chamber (net chamber with suspended 370 123 66.76 egg cards but without the

| releasers) (Net Chamber 4) | | LUT01601

[0075] Table 2 Changes in the number of aphids in net chambers with and without the releasers after the release of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas)

[0076] Example 6

[0077] This embodiment provides the specific application of the attractant according to the present application in improving the spread ability of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas):

[0078] 1) Four net chambers with a length of 16m, a width of 8m, and a height of

1.8m were constructed in the glass greenhouse, each of the four net chambers was covered with a 60-mesh insect net, and watermelon seedlings were transplanted into the four net chambers.

[0079] 2) After the watermelon seedlings were transplanted, aphids were introduced into the net chambers for indoor reproduction. After aphids had multiplied in large numbers, the Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) egg cards were hung in the four net chambers for prevention and control. The Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) egg cards were hung in the first three net chambers and the releasers prepared in Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3 were also introduced in these three net chambers (Net Chamber 1, Net Chamber 2, and Net Chamber 3). The other net chamber only had the Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) egg cards and did not use the releaser, thus serving as a control (Net Chamber 4).

[0080] 3) The egg card was placed in the middle of the net chamber; with the egg card as the center, marks were made at 2, 4, 6, 8 meters east and west from the center point. 16 days later, leaves were collected to observe the number of aphids on the leaves and calculate the population decline rate, and the relationship between the spread distance and the population decline rate was then analyzed.

[0081] Results and analysis: The experimental results of the control group (Table 3) 11showed that the farther the Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) spread from east to west from the LU101601 center, the lower the predation ability of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) against aphids. The average population decline rates of the three repeated treatments were 66.76%, 62.43%,

30.21%, 24.64%, and 16.15% in sequence at 2, 4, 6, and 8 meters from the center to the west; and 66.76%, 61.36%, 28.23%, 24.78% and 17.27% in sequence at 2, 4, 6, and 8 meters from the center to the east.

[0082] The experimental results of the experimental group using the releasers (Table 3) showed that the distance of the Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) from the center to the east-west direction had no significant effect on the predation ability of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) against aphids. The average parasitism rates of the three repeated treatments were

86.22%, 82.94%, 80.12%, 75.17%, and 76.42% in sequence at 2, 4, 6, and 8 meters from the center to the west; and 86.22%, 80.36%, 75.32%, 78.28%, 74.72% in sequence at 2, 4, 6, and 8 meters from the center to the east. From the above results, it can be seen that the plant-derived attractant for Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) could increase the spread ability of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) and increase its predation ability.

66.76 | 66.76 | 93.75 93.75 91.23 91.23 89.90 89.90 point

62.43 | 61.36 | 93.21 | 92.37 | 91.15 | 90.26 | 88.97 | 87.58

30.21 | 2823 | 91.25 | 89.47 | 90.32 | 89.47 | 90.31 | 88.72 | 6 | 24.64 | 24.78 | 89.47 | 89.82 | 87.24 | 88.75 | 87.78 | 88.78 12

[0084] Comparative Example 1

[0085] Compared with Example 1, the active ingredient in this comparative example comprised the following components: 4g of B-myrcene ; 14g of a-cubene; 14g of methyl salicylic acid; and 68g of a-cypressene.

[0086] Three-year statistics showed that this formula had an attraction rate of less than 50%, and the attracting effect was rather unsatisfactory, which couldnot effectively improve the predation rate of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas).

[0087] Comparative Example 2

[0088] Compared with Example 1, the active ingredient in this comparative example comprised the following components: 1g of B-myrcene ; 6g of a-cubene; 18g of methyl salicylic acid; and 75g of a-cypressene.

[0089] Three-year statistics showed that this formula had an attraction rate of less than 40%, and the attracting effect was rather unsatisfactory, which couldnot effectively improve the predation rate of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas).

[0090] In summary, it can be seen that the plant-derived attractant of the present invention could effectively improve the spread ability and predation ability of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), increase the population decline rate of aphids and other pests, and improve the effect of biological control.

13

Claims

1. A plant-derived attractant for Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), having an active ingredient comprising the following components in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of B-myrcene, 9-11 parts of a-cubene, 15-17 parts of methyl salicylic acid, and 69-74 parts of a-cypressene.

2. The attractant according to claim 1, wherein the active ingredient comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2.5 parts of B-myrcene, 10 parts of a-cubene, 16 parts of methyl salicylic acid, and 71.5 parts of a-cypressene.

3. The attractant according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a diluent, wherein the diluent is liquid paraffin, and the mass ratio of liquid paraffin to the active ingredient is (2-3): 1.

4. The attractant according to any of claims 1 to 3, further comprising an antioxidant and an anti-ultraviolet stabilizer, wherein the antioxidant accounts for 0.1-0.3% of the total component mass and the anti-ultraviolet stabilizer accounts for 0.1-0.5% of the total component mass.

5. The attractant according to any of claim 4, wherein the antioxidant is di-tert-butylhydroxycresol (BHT) or tert-butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), and the anti-ultraviolet stabilizer is 2-hydroxybenzophenone.

6. A plant-derived attractant for Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), having an active ingredient comprising the following components in parts by weight: 2.5 parts of B-myrcene, 10 parts of a-cubene, 16 parts of methyl salicylic acid, and 71.5 parts of a-cypressene, wherein the attractant comprises a diluent which is liquid paraffin, and the mass ratio of liquid paraffin to the active ingredient is 7: 3; the attractant further comprises an antioxidant and an anti-ultraviolet stabilizer, wherein the antioxidant accounts for 0.2% of the total component mass, and the anti-ultraviolet stabilizer accounts for 0.3% of the | 14 | | 0total component mass; the antioxidant is di-tert-butylhydroxycresol (BHT) or LU101601 tert-butylhydroxyanisole =~ (BHA), and the anti-ultraviolet stabilizer is 2-hydroxybenzophenone.

7. The attractant according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein a preparation method of the attractant comprises the following steps: dissolving B-myrcene, a-cubene, methyl salicylic acid, a-cypressene, the antioxidant and the anti-ultraviolet stabilizer at a formula ratio directly in the diluent, and mixing thoroughly to obtain an attractant solution.

8. An application of the attractant according to any of claims 1 to 7 in pest control.

9. The application according to claim 8, wherein the attractant solution according to claim 7 is added dropwise to lures to form releasers with a slow-release effect, and the releasers are evenly scattered in the field; and the lure is a sponge or a fiberboard.

10. The application according to claim 9, wherein 6-8g of the attractant solution is added dropwise to each lure.