LT6086B - Method and device to increase the depth of the river - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to inland waterways service field. The device used to increase the depth of the river consists of dampers, which are set out in the bed of the river 4-8 rows across, the river after 10-20 dampers in each row while keeping the distance between the rows equal average lengths 2-4 of dampers and dampers distance between rows - 1, 5 - 2, 5 average dampers lengths. A method to increase the depth of the river is to stop when the shallow section of the river flow at the end of a short section of the device is placed, preventing the flow throughout the volume.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to methods and equipment for inland waterway maintenance.

A known method and device for reducing the flow rate of water, for example, a fishpipe according to patent RU 2283918 C2, published July 19, 2004, is in the form of a curved reinforced concrete channel with transverse ridges at the bottom. The shape of the gutter and the high roughness of the bottom make it possible to stop the flow of water at a speed that migrating fish can handle. Such a fishpond is an artificial artificial watercourse that changes the environment, a complex and expensive stationary hydrotechnical structure. Using it to increase the depth of a long river would be inefficient and irrational.

Known device for suppressing excess power and washing power of open water flow at the outlet from a slip well according to US 4906130 405/15, published 06.03.1990. It has the shape of transverse flow ribbed reinforced concrete pouring walls and beams. In the cross-sectional exit of a well with high water flow velocities, these units provide local hydraulic loss, stop flow and normalize velocity distribution there. Such a large hydrotechnical device is only suitable for reducing the washing power of a high-speed flow in the gully, is a stationary hydrotechnical structure and is not suitable for the improvement of navigation conditions in the river bed.

Known device for suppressing excess power and washing power at open water flow at the outlet from a slip well according to US 7192217 82, published 02.10.2004, has the shape of a shield constructed at a certain height across the flow. In the flow section where it is installed, it creates local hydraulic losses, stops the flow and normalizes the distribution of velocities therein. These units are only suitable for reducing the washing power of a high-speed flow under cover. Stopping the flow in a natural riverbed, where speeds are much lower than in a dyke, would be inappropriate and would interfere with navigation and would be irrational and inefficient.

The closest analogue adopted by us as a prototype is a method and device called Potapov shields. It is known from Potapov M.V.'s book Regulirovanije vodnych potokov Methodom iskustvennoi poperečnoi circulijiji, Moscow, 1947. The panels attached to the river bottom direct the flow towards the fairway, increasing its velocity, preventing the accumulation of sediments, and enabling erosion of the riverbed. As a result, the furrow self-cleans from sediments and, sometimes, when the soil is flushed down the river bed, the furrow deepens. The key difference with Potapov shields from the invention is that they do not stop the flow, but merely reshape it and direct it to the fairway. Flat panels attached to the river bottom increase the flow rate and wash power in the fairway. This method and device are quite complex and expensive to install and operate. The self-cleaning of the furrow from sediment often goes into unauthorized intensive furrow washing, which is difficult to manage, predict and endangers the stability of the riverbed. Potapov shields alter the riverbed, have a damaging impact on the environment, are expensive and complex.

OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION: To provide a method and a device for increasing the depth of a river flow and improving navigation conditions over a long stretch of river by stopping the flow of the river with high efficiency dampers throughout the short stretch.

The object of the invention is achieved by: installing a device at the end of a shallow section of water which stops the flow of water over a short section of the river and increases the water depth in the section where it is also installed on a long section of the river before the section; The unit consists of dampers, which are located in the river bed 4-8 rows across the river, 10-20 dampers per row, maintaining a row spacing equal to 2-4 average dampers lengths and a spacing of dampers in rows of 1.5-2.5 medium dampers. lengths. The dampers consist of ropes of 3-5 flow depths at the dampers workstations and twice the sum of the longest damper weight and anchor-pulling forces, with 3-8 floats of 0 diameter, twisted and equally spaced, 1 0,3 in the mid-range workstation, and with buoyancy and hydrodynamic resistance such that the upper distributor buoys are close to the water surface, at one end of the ropes with anchors holding twice the sum of all the buoyancy forces, at the other ends mounting loops.

The invention is illustrated by the following figures: FIG. Diagram of longitudinal vertical section of shallow river section; Figure 2 device diagram; Figure 3 Schematic of silencer; Figure 4 Float diagram.

The device 1 for increasing the depth of the river flow comprises dampers 2, which are arranged at the end of a section of shallow water depth 3 so that the dampers stop the flow, reduce its speed and increase the depth. Silencers account for hydraulic road and local energy losses at the site of their installation. As a result, along a long stretch of river, the depth of flow from the facility increases, and the water surface line moves from starting position 4 to position 5 (Figures 1 and 2).

The damper consists of a rope 6, anchor 7 at one end, a loop 8 at the other end, and a high hydrodynamic resistance float 9 wrapped and fixed on the rope (Figure 3). The float housing 10, made of low-density material, gives it a buoyancy. The hydrodynamic resistance consists of disk 11. Tube 12 is used to open the rope and screw 13 to lock the position of the float on the rope (Fig. 4).

The operation of the system is based on the proportionality of the fluid flow cross section velocity and area inverse. According to this, the flow rate of the water, expressed as the product of the cross-sectional area of the flow and the average speed, is constant over a limited length of flow. Stopping the flow decreases its velocity, thus increasing the cross-sectional area and thus the depth of the flow. Depth change depends on the number of dampers and their effectiveness - the more dampers the more efficient they are at blocking the flow, the greater the change in flow depth.

Suppressor buoys are subjected to vertical buoyancy forces and horizontal hydrodynamic pressure forces. The resultant direction of these two forces is the intermediate between horizontal and vertical. The buoyancy of the upper float is transmitted to the next float below which, like all others, is subjected to buoyancy and hydrodynamic pressure. Thus, the tensile strength of the rope increases and reaches its maximum size at the anchor.

The damper floats are located on a certain curve (Figure 3) between the bottom and the water surface. Most of the buoys are in the upper course of the flow where the flow rates are highest. The effect of flow braking is proportional to the velocity squared. As a result, the damper stops the flow quite intensively.

the features of the device and its dampers have no known features of artificial bed roughness, which only stop the bottom flow layers at the lowest speed, or obstacles (transverse ridges and walls, horizontal or vertical beams) that affect flow in a very short section and only when for its high speeds.

Method and Device are used during the shipping season. We assemble the plant every year after the spring floods and dismantle it before the ice cover in the river forms.

the assembly of the device begins with the first row of dampers upstream and ends with the last row of dampers. Row positions are determined by shore-based guides, and damper rows are mapped to a GPS device or on-board distomat measuring the distance to a landmark.

The unit is periodically inspected at times when the river flow is low. During normal operation, the last floats of the silencers shall be close to the water surface and the last of these shall be clearly visible. Invisible dampers are found by a hook, lifted up, and cleaned from adherent aquatic plants.

The unit is disassembled by lifting the dampers. Work starts from the last one and ends with the first current in the current row.

The method and device are very efficient. The depth of the flow is increased over a long stretch of the river at shallow depths without the use of expensive large-scale hydrotechnical structures. The unit is efficient and environmentally friendly. Environmentally friendly, its impact on river runoff, river beds, banks, flora and fauna is minimal. There is no need to regulate the riverbed, build capital structures or dam the river. The way is cheap and easy. The cost of manufacturing and installing the dampers is about 1% of the cost of installing gates for analogue use or (7-8)% of the cost of drum and dam construction and dredging. The method and installation are easy to adapt and calculate based on river parameters and navigation requirements. Knowing that the flow depth depends on the number of dampers, even the efficiency of the installed and operating system can be altered by the installation of additional or excess dampers.

Claims (3)

Definition of the Invention 1. A method of increasing the depth of a river's flow by stopping it by placing, at the end of a shallow section of the river, a device for stopping the flow throughout its entire length. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of dampers, which are arranged in the river bed in 4 to 8 rows across the river, 10 to 20 dampers in each row, maintaining a row spacing equal to 2-4 average dampers lengths and suppressor rows -1.5 - 2.5 for average suppressor lengths. 3. A device according to claim 2, characterized in that its dampers consist of ropes of a length equal to 3-5 flow depths at the dampers workstations and twice the sum of the longest damper gravity and anchorage forces, and are roped on the ropes with equal force. 3 to 8 floats spaced at intervals of 0.1 to 0.3 in the mid-range workstation, with buoyancy and hydrodynamic resistance such that the upper distributor buoys are located close to the water surface and have anchors at each end with a holding force twice the sum of all buoyancy forces, there are mounting loops at the other ends of the ropes.