LT5507B - Composition for preparing construction materials and concrete mouldings - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to building industry, in particular, to production of construction items and concrete mouldings. The composition for construction items and concrete mouldings including cement, filler and water, consists of (in weight %): cement - 5-20 polystyrene - 20-80 filler - 10-40 additives to concrete mass, less than - 0,5 adhesive, less than - 0,1 pigments, less than - 0,4 water - the rest amount. In composition claimed polystyrene is in form of swelling granules withdiameter of 2-10 mm; filler is optionally, sand, granitedust, granite, stone, gravel or macadam or a mixture thereof; additives are, optionally, materials based on sythetic tensides and/or polycarboxylates.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the field of the construction industry, in particular to the manufacture of construction products and concrete castings.

There is a known construction mixture consisting of cement, sand, iron-containing additives and water, wherein the iron-containing additives are potassium trisulphohydroferrite in the following proportion by weight: cement 6-12, sand 60-70, trisulphohydroferrite (in dry form) - 5-20 , the rest being water (see RU Patent No. 2030367, C 04 B 28 / 02,1995).

There is a known concrete with an elastic admixture containing cement, an elastic admixture and water, the composition of which is as follows. %: cement 12.6-35.6, elastic additive 0.84- 42.5, water - remaining. In addition, concrete with an elastic additive contains 40.5-47.0% by weight. % coarse aggregate, such as stone chippings, granite chippings, shingle chippings or pebbles, or a mixture of these components optionally, 12.1-77.1 wt. % of fine aggregate consisting of sand 0.03-0.89 mass. % of plastic or superplastic and an elastic additive consisting of rubber waste particles up to 0.125 - 4.0 mm (see LT Patent No. 4929, C04 B 28/00, OB 2002/07, 25/07/2002).

There is a known composition for the manufacture of building materials (see LT patent No. 4690, C04 B 18/00, OB 2000/08, 08-08-2000), consisting of liquid glass, a hardener of sodium silicon fluoride and filler of activated limestone, sink , mass of dolomite and other carbonate rock production and processing waste at this component ratio. %: activated filler 84.2-84.8, liquid glass 13.5-13.9, sodium silicon fluoride 1.7-1.9.

This type of composition for the production of building materials has a high cost, heavy products, low sound and heat insulation.

The object of the invention is to reduce the volume weight of the products at the same time as the cost of the products and to increase the sound and heat insulation.

The object of the invention is achieved by the composition of building materials and concrete

for the production of castings containing cement, aggregate and water as follows of composition, mas. %: cement - 5-20 polystyrene - 20-80 filling - 10 - 40 concrete mix additives, no more - 0.5 glue, no more - 0.1 pigments, no more - 0.4 water (Η ₂ Ο) - remaining quantity. It is also an object of the invention that the polystyrene in the composition is 2-

mm in the form of thermally expanded granules.

It is also the essence of the invention that the filler is optionally sand, granite dust, granite, stone, shingle or pebble, or a mixture of these components optionally.

It is also an object of the invention that the concrete admixtures are optionally chemicals based on synthetic tensides and / or polycarboxylates.

Optimal components included in the composition have been determined by experimentation.

Cement is a hydraulic binder commonly used in the production of building materials and castings. Cement is a greyish-green powder. Its composition is expressed as a percentage of the oxides it contains, the most important being CaO (62-64%,), S1O2 (20-24%), Al2O3 (4.0-7.5%) and Fe2Ū3 (2.0-5.0%). ). Cement is obtained by finely grinding clinker with a certain amount of gypsum. Clinker is produced by calcination of calcareous limestones or mixtures of limestone and clay so that calcined silicates predominate in the calcined product.

Polystyrene is an amorphous thermoplastic. It is obtained by polymerization of styrene (C6H5 - CH = CH2). This material is hard and rigid, but fragile and impact resistant. The brittleness and impact resistance of polystyrene in the composition is not an important property. She

-3 has good dielectric properties, physiologically safe and widely used in construction.

Aggregate sand is a mixture of loose natural rock with grain sizes up to 4 mm.

Aggregate Granite dust is a waste of 0.05-0.2 mm obtained from granite processing.

Aggregate is a building material made of crushed natural rock or artificial stone. Natural dense rock - stone, granite, pebble chippings are widely used for concrete aggregates. Stone is hard rock or a single piece of rock. Granite is a rock made of quartz crystals, feldspar and mica. Pebbles - widely used in the construction industry for concrete fillers. The shingle consists of natural rock grains with dimensions of 4-32 mm.

Concrete mix additives are chemicals based on synthetic tensides and / or polycarboxylates. Additives are modified additives designed to improve the quality of building materials and concrete castings without changing their consistency. They are added to the composition in small amounts during mixing. Superplasticizing high performance water-reducing concrete admixture, such as Sikament 56, improves the strength, strength and water absorption of building materials and concrete. A porous concrete supplement such as Sika Aer-S creates a large amount of fine pores (foam), thereby increasing its frost resistance in solid state, lighter weight per unit volume, higher thermal resistance and sound insulation, and better processing properties such as water separation and separation.

Building glue - adhesive for bonding and bonding something.

Building pigments are colorants that give color.

The amount of water depends on the amount of mixture added to the composition and must be selected so that the mixture is well mixed.

The invention is illustrated by the examples where minimum, medium and maximum amounts of polystyrene were added to the compositions.

an example of a composition product. The composition of the composition is as follows. %: Cement .4-20, polystyrene 2-10mm granules 20, aggregate such as gravel and sand in a ratio of 1: 1 to 40, concrete mix additive such as Sikament 56 -0.25 and Sika AerS "- 0.25, building glue-0.1 building pigment -0.4 and water remaining.

mixing, mixing cement, polystyrene 2-10 mm heat-treated granules, aggregates, concrete mix additives, building adhesives, building pigment and water. Stir the mixture for 1-5 min. until a homogeneous mass is formed. Subsequently, the prepared mass is poured into molds. Ready-to-dry products are stacked on individual platforms and cured under current environmental conditions until they reach design strength.

sample product of composition. Similarly, Example 1 obtained the composition and formed samples from it. The composition of the composition is as follows. %: Cement - 13, Polystyrene 2-10 mm granules - 50, Aggregate such as gravel and sand in a ratio of 1: 1 - 26, Concrete mix supplement such as Sikament 56 -0.25 and Sika AerS - 0 , 25, Building Adhesive 0.1, Building Pigment 0.4 and Water Remaining.

an example of a composition product. Similarly, Example 1 obtained the composition and formed samples from it. The composition of the composition is as follows. %: cement - 5, polystyrene - granules 2-10 mm - 80, aggregate sand and gravel 1: 1 - 10, concrete mix additive such as Sikament 56 - 0.25 and Sika Aer-S - 0, 25, building adhesive 0.1, building pigment 0.4 and water remaining.

The physical mechanical properties of the composition for the manufacture of construction products and concrete castings are given in Table 1.

table

Indicator Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 3 Density, kg / m ³ 1218 831.8 336.7 Compressive strength, N / mm ² 3.05 0.79 0.12 Thermal conductivity coefficient 0.30 0.19 0.081

₁₀ W / (m K)

-5Tests performed according to LSN EN 1602, ISO 8301.

Alternatively, such a ready-to-use composition mass can be transported directly to the site and poured there into the ready-to-cast location (foundations, formwork, flooring, etc.). In addition, in the dry fraction (without water), all the components of the composition mixed together can be packed into bags, and the mass for production is prepared at the construction site and poured into the mold.

The stated composition for the production of construction products and concrete castings, due to its polystyrene content, low volume weight, low cost and increased sound and heat insulation.

Claims (4)

Definition of the Invention A composition for the production of building materials and concrete castings, comprising cement, aggregate and water, characterized in that it is present in a composition. %: cement 5 - 20th polystyrene - 20th - 80 filling - 10th - 40 concrete mix additives, no more - 0.5 glue, no more - 0.1 pigments, no more - 0.4 water (H2O) - remaining quantity. Composition for the production of building materials and concrete castings according to claim 1, characterized in that the polystyrene is in the form of thermally expanded granules of 2-10 mm. Composition for the production of building materials and concrete castings according to claim 1, characterized in that the filler is optionally sand, granite dust, granite, stone, pebble or gravel, or a mixture of these components optionally. Composition for the manufacture of building materials and concrete castings according to claim 1, characterized in that the concrete admixtures are optionally chemicals based on synthetic tensides and / or polycarboxylates.