LT4087B - A method for growing of potatoes and a cultivator - Google Patents

Abstract

Invention applies to potato growing methods and cultivators that are intended for agriculture works. The aim is to reduce energy expenditure and increase the yield. The method according to this invention covers land cultivation in autumn and spring time, potato planting when in the spring time the land is cultivated in strips. The middle part of the strip is mellowed more intensely than the outside. Potatoes are planted into the intensely mellowed part of the strip. Further, the rest of the not mellowed spaces between the rows are cultivated. The non cultivated part is shaven. The cultivator has in one row, rotors turning around a vertical axle. The rotors operate in pairs, rotating each against the other in a direction of the cultivator's movement and from the middle of the intensively mellowed strip, towards the outside, and the rotation circle of the cultivators rotors cover the rotation circle of the other rotor.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, i. methods of growing potatoes and other crops and land cultivation and crop maintenance facilities.

It is a known method of growing potatoes, where potatoes are planted by milling in open-air canals, which are filled with pre-treated soil mixed with organic and mineral fertilizers. This allows the formation of loose, well-structured soil, which facilitates the separation of potatoes when they are harvested (USSR Authorization No. 127496, TAK A01B 79/02; 19597.J). However, the preparation of the soil by mixing it with mineral and organic fertilizers outside the field and bringing it outside and filling the canals involve very high energy costs, high workloads and the use of many machines (soil mixing, canal filling, earth transporting, etc.).

According to the technical solution, the potato planting method, which involves autumn and spring tillage, planting and maintaining the crop, is closer to the proposed method. In spring tillage, the soil is thinned by strips deeper than in the autumn tillage. The width of the strip is equal to the width of the line. Unroasted bands are milled to the plow's compressed boundary, and the soil is applied to the previously furrowed soil to form a furrow ridge. potato sprouts and adversely affects weeds, which increases yields (2). However, this method requires a large amount of work and a large number of different machines, since not only cultivating and tilling the soil before planting, but also deep tilling twice - once once where the potatoes are planted and the second time in the throats. It is known that the deeper the loosening, the more power it takes to do the job, which further increases energy costs. Deep inter-furrow loosening reduces the moisture content of furrow ridges, which is useless in dry summer, and does not prevent potato ingestion in wet summers, as water does not absorb into intergrowth, especially on loam soils, which does not increase potato yield.

The known cultivator for continuous tillage consists of rotors rotating about vertical axes and fixed to the frame perpendicular to the direction of movement of the machine (German Patent No. 3508655 A01B 33/12 Cl. 1986). However, such cultivator can only be used for continuous cultivation and use. and more so for belt tillage.

Similar to the proposed one is a cultivator consisting of rotatably rotatable rotary axes in groups of rotors arranged in series and mounted on a frame arranged in series perpendicular to the direction of movement of the machine, rotors arranged so that their rotational circles are tangent (U.S. Patent No. 4,363,362. TPK AB 33 / 06, 1982).

This arrangement of the rotor of the cultivator makes it possible to loosen the interrow, but is not adapted to the cultivation method proposed, since it is impossible to cultivate the soil in sections with more intensive loosening.0 this does not do good water and air treatment for growing potato sprouts.

The object of the invention is to reduce energy costs and increase yield. Energy consumption is reduced by cultivating the soil in different soil intensities, reducing the number of machines and operations. Potato yields are increased by planting tubers in heavily soiled soil, facilitating rainwater run-off from harder non-soil soil to more soil soil, reducing the number of fine particles (less than 1 mm) that are hazardous to soil erosion during loosening.

The aim is achieved by cultivating the potatoes and cultivating the crops in the autumn and spring in potato cultivation, in spring the soil is cultivated in sections with a central 10-30 cm wide band than the outer ones, and after planting the potatoes the remaining unpaved spaces. In the case of weeded soil, in the spring, the soil is shaved off in the untilled sections.

When cultivating the soil with more intensive midsection, the potatoes are planted in the environment of fine soil crumbs, leaving coarser crumbs on the surface of the furrow. This results in less soil particles (less than 1mm) that are dangerous for soil erosion and no soil crust on the furrow surface. In addition, there is a favorable environment for run-off of rainwater from harder, unbroken and partially thinned soils to more intense soils. All this improves the air and water regime in the ridges, which improves the development of potato sprouts and increases potato yield.

By cultivating the land in sections with only the middle part being intensively cultivated, the amount of cultivated land is reduced, i.e. no need to work 1/3 - 1/2 spacing. In addition, the sections are also cultivated with uneven intensity, which reduces drag resistance. Tests have shown that when cultivating the soil, the resistance of the cultivator is reduced by 30-40% depending on the width of the cultivated soil. This reduces energy consumption by reducing the amount of energy needed for stretching. To sum up, we can conclude that this also reduces the energy costs of tillage.

If the soil is heavily weeded, the cultivator is cut to a depth of 2-6 cm with a cultivator, which allows the weeds to be cut and energy costs reduced, as only 1 / 3-1 / 3 of the soil is cut.

This method can also be used for growing crops. Seeds are then sown or seedlings are planted in the middle of intensively thinned sections.

To implement this method, the rotors of a cultivator consisting of rotors rotatably rotated about vertical axes arranged in a row perpendicular to the direction of movement of the machine and mounted on a frame are mounted in pairs, rotating pairs of rotors in the direction of movement of the cultivator. . The rotors so arranged ensure that the cultivator is rotated more intensively than the outer when cultivating the cultivator in sections. Intensification due to the rotation of two rotors.

For a cultivator with rotors arranged in groups of three or more, the center rotors of the mounted rotors pass through the rotor radius of the peripheral rotor rotations. Such a solution would allow the spreading area to be intensified by using more rotors of smaller diameter, which would reduce power and energy consumption for rotor rotation.

The method of potato cultivation, which differs from the prototype, is that 1 / 3-1 / 2 soil is not cultivated at all, and the cultivated section is loosened unevenly, ie the part where the cultivation of potatoes is intended. This improves the water and air regime in the soil and, at the same time, improves potato growth and yield. In addition, there is no need to cultivate 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the land and the cultivated area is mowed with varying intensity. The prototype cultivates all the land and has even greater depth of cultivation than plowing. The resulting loosening method requires lower energy costs. In addition, no additional loosening operation is required, which also reduces the energy resources for preparing potatoes for planting.

Compared to the prototype, the proposed cultivator for potato and crop cultivation differs in that the rotors are mounted in pairs, the rotating pairs of rotors rotate against each other in the direction of the cultivator, the rotor rotation circles overlap the rotation of the other rotor in the pair. When there are three or more rotors in the rotor blade section, they are arranged so that the center rotor rotation circles pass through the rotor radius of the peripheral rotor rotation circles.

Fig.1 shows: a) Schematic diagram of cultivator rotor planting potatoes in cultivated sections; (b) the work of the cultivator, viewed from the rear, when planting potatoes in the tillage; (c) the work of the milling cultivator in clearing untreated sections of land.

Fig.2: (a) Work of the milling cultivator during the formation of high furrows; (b) rear-view operation of the milling cultivator.

Fig.3: Operation of a rotary cultivator with rotors working in groups of three.

Method of planting potatoes and other crops, including tillage in autumn and spring, potato planting and crop maintenance. In the spring, the soil is cultivated in sections 1 (fig.1), the middle part 2 is thinned more than the outer one by 10-30 widths. The potatoes are planted in the more heavily thinned section on the 10-12th day after planting. 2).

The cultivator (milling machine) consists of a rotor 5 which is rotatably rotated about vertical axes, arranged in a row perpendicular to the direction of movement of the machine and mounted on a frame. Rotors 5 are mounted in pairs or in groups of several. The rotors in the pair rotate against each other in the direction of movement of the cultivator. The rotor rotation circles overlap another rotor in a pair (Fig. 1). When more than two rotors are grouped, the rotational circles of the center rotors mounted in the group intersect the peripheral rotational circles of the rotor radius (Fig. 3). The rotor rotation circles of the cultivator overlap the rotor of the other rotor in order to shake the middle part more intensively (Fig. 1). When three or more rotors (Fig. 3) are located in the area of the mowing section, they are arranged so that the peripheral rotors mow the soil through the rotor radius less intensively, but more intensively in the middle part. If the soil is very weedy, in the spring before planting the potatoes, this milling cultivator can be used to shave the surface of the untreated soil to a depth of 2-6 cm, with a special cultivator. rotor 6 (fig.1c)

Planting potatoes in the suggested way

- in the autumn, the soil is prepared in the traditional way: stubble cultivation, harrowing, organic and mineral fertilization, plowing and. if necessary spray with herbicides;

- in the spring, the soil is cultivated or, when the soil begins to dry, the field is cultivated continuously, during the week (5-10 days) before the potato planting, the soil is thinned 15-16 cm deep (fig. 1) (row width b = 700 mm, cultivated width 350 mm or 467 mm), with or without high furrows 7 with vertical rotors 5 rotated by gears 8. At the same time, unraveled sections 3 leave rails 9 for passage of the tractor wheels during planting. The soil is loosened in sections with varying intensity. In the middle of the stretch 2, the soil is more compacted than at its edges.

This is done by a milling cultivator 7 with vertical rotors 5, which intensively sweep the middle of the working section, which is 10-30 cm wide 2. Vertical rotors 5 working in one pair rotate against the center of the intensive rotating section outwards in the direction of movement of the cultivator. rotation of another rotor to intensively shake the middle section. When three or more rotors (Fig. 3) are located in the area of the tine section, they are arranged so that the peripheral rotors loosen the soil through the radius 5 of the rotor less intensively and the inner part 2 of the section more intensively.

If the soil is heavily weeded, the tillage can be cut to a depth of 2 to 6 cm by cultivation using special rotors 6 with low-height blades on the shafts of the cultivatorLT 4087 B 7 (Fig.1c).

Potatoes 10 are planted in vigorously shredded strips at a distance of 2 to 30 cm between the tubers at a depth of 6 to 10 cm. This is done in standard potato plantations.

Dec. 10-12 after planting (Fig. 2), the remaining unmolested sections 3 (Fig. 1) are shredded by a milling cultivator 7 with a furrow former 11, and high 24-30 cm weeds 4 (Fig. 2) are formed in place of the previously unmolested sections. Weeds, diseases and colorado beetles are controlled by spraying crops with herbicides or fungicides.

This method can be used to grow vegetables and crop crops, i.e. soil preparation for spring cultivation, followed by sowing or planting seedlings in the midst of intensively thinned sections, thus reducing the energy costs of growing these crops and increasing their yield.

Claims (4)

DEFINITION OF INVENTION 1. A method of growing potatoes and other crops, where the soil is cultivated in the fall and spring, planting potatoes and maintaining the crop, in the following way: in the spring, the middle part of the cultivated area is swollen more intensively than the outer planting blurs the remaining non-blurred rows. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in the spring tillage is carried out by cutting off inactive sections. 3. The cultivator consists of rotors rotatably rotated about vertical axes arranged perpendicular to the direction of movement of the machine, characterized in that the rotors are mounted in pairs, the rotating pairs of rotors rotating against each other in the direction of the cultivator. Cultivator according to Claim 3, characterized in that the rotors are grouped in more than two rotary circles of the center rotors mounted in the group intersecting the rotors of the peripheral rotors.