LT3846B - Boiler for central heating and method for using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

Invention applies to heating engineering. The invention aims to increase the boiler's operational efficiency and durability. The centrals heating boiler consists of a double wall casing (1) made of a 4-5 mm thick steel sheet. The capacity in between the walls is filled with water. There is a heat exchanger (2) made of a 5 mm thick and 60 mm diameter pipe equipped in the back part of the boiler. There is a fuel (dry timber) loading chamber (3) closed by doors (4). In the lower part of the chamber there is a fender with an air blow opening (6) made of a special cast. Under the fender (6) there is a combustion chamber with a drum (7) closed by the doors. The lower part of the heat exchanger (2) is linked up to the combustion chamber (7) and the upper part linked to a chimney (10) with an air outflow tube. The chimney and air outflow tube are made from fireproof materials. For the repair and cleaning of the heat exchanger in the top boiler part there is an opening that is sealed by a plate (11). To set the fire there is a chimney damper (12) in the fuel loading chamber. For the water filling of the heating system and letting it out in the bottom of the boiler back part, there is a water tap opening (14) and an outlet (15) of the cold water inlet near the opening. There is a hot water outlet (16) on the top of the boiler. The boiler is connected to heating system pipes by outlets. Dry timber is used as a fuel that the while burning consumes a big quantity of oxygen and therefore to keep a combustion process alive, air is supplied by a fan (17) into the loading (3) and combustion (7) chambers through dampers of the primary (18) and secondary (19) air supply. To control the fan on the top of boiler there is a microprocessor controller.

Description

The invention relates to heating technology and is intended for heating of private houses and similar objects.

It is known to have a boiler having a casing consisting of an outer wall 5 parallel to an inner wall which is in contact with a combustion chamber. The space between the outer and inner walls forms a flow chamber with inlet and outlet pipes. The boiler has a heater introduced into the combustion chamber for supplying combustible fuel and an exhaust pipe for the removal of combustion products (GB application no.

2243205).

The well-known boiler is wood-fired. It consists of a combustion chamber with a combustion orifice on the front wall for supplying primary air and thereby blowing ash. The rear wall of the combustion chamber has an outlet for secondary air volume. The heat exchange chamber of the boiler has a heat exchanger connected to the chimney, which is located above the combustion chamber and which is connected to it by several continuous openings. Between the combustion chamber and its enclosure is a ventilation duct with which a heat exchange chamber is connected. At some point in the heat exchange chamber there is a hot air vent. On one side of the enclosure is a fan for compressing air into the ventilation duct (JP Application No. 3-66571, TPK F24B 1 / 02,1991).

The known design of the boiler does not guarantee the efficiency and durability of the boiler.

The object of the invention is to increase the efficiency and durability of the boiler. The stated aim is achieved by the fact that the central heating boiler consisting of a housing, a combustion chamber, a heat exchanger connected to the chimney, an air supply fan, air supply valves, the boiler consists of a housing with double walls made of 4-5 mm thick steel sheet capacity 70 liters of water, heat exchanger made of 5 mm thick and 60 mm diameter pipe and installed between the boiler walls at the rear, at the top of the boiler a 130 dm ³ fuel tank, closed by a door with a vent , and below it a drum with a lid, a door with a lid, at the back of the boiler, at the bottom - a tap for water filling and venting of the heating system, cold water inlet inlets and upper boiler with hot water outlet inlets thread with an internal diameter of 2, and which ka the bridge is connected to the pipes of the heating system with self-circulating water, a microprocessor controller with controls at the top of the boiler, and a fan for supplying primary and secondary air through the primary and secondary air valves into the charging chamber and through the inlet to the combustion chamber, in addition, there is a chimney at the rear of the boiler with an exhaust pipe of 160 mm diameter connected to the upper part of the heat exchanger, the lower part of which is connected to the combustion chamber, and a rectangular opening for the maintenance and cleaning of the heat exchanger; hermetically sealed with a cover plate and there is a chimney damper between the charging chamber and the opening in front of the outlet to the chimney, controlled by a knob on the front of the boiler, and the boiler door and bottom insulated with fire-resistant concrete Fiber plate covered with steel sheet and boiler rated power 25 kW.

The stated aim is achieved by providing a space for the installation of a circulation pump in the boiler design, connecting the boiler to the forced circulation of water in the heating system and installing a four-way valve when the desired water supply temperature is below 60 ° C.

The stated aim is achieved by the fact that the central heating boiler with a nominal capacity of 45 kW is filled with 95 liters of water between the walls of the boiler and 183 dm ^{3 of the} fuel loading chamber, and the outlet of the hot water.

The stated aim is achieved by the fact that the operation of the central heating boiler, which includes dry wood burning and air venting to the chamber, for firing the boiler further includes throwing crumpled paper into the loading chamber through its door, filling the chamber with dry wood, chimney valves, ignition of dry wood through the vent hole, closing of the charging chamber door and, after ignition, for 20 minutes. and checking the water level in the heating system, tightness of the heat exchanger outlet cover plate, position of the drum in the combustion chamber, activation of the microprocessor control by main switch, digital switch setting of the desired outlet water, closing of the combustion a switch for setting the amount of air into the chambers.

The stated purpose is achieved by setting the fan to maximum revolutions with the manual switch in the event of a malfunction of the 10 microprocessor controller.

This is achieved by opening the chimney damper and opening the combustion chamber door in the event of a complete failure of the electrical installation and closing the combustion chamber door when the water temperature reaches 90 ° C.

The stated aim is achieved by switching the microprocessor controller off by means of the main switch, and the boiler remains in standby mode for up to 24 hours with the combustion chamber door closed.

This is accomplished by adding dry wood to the charging chamber, opening the chimney damper, turning off the fan, opening the charging chamber door to remove smokestacks into the chimney, and, after closing the charging chamber door and chimney damper, activates the microprocessor control by means of a master switch.

This is achieved by purifying the ash from the combustion chamber in the chamber with the microprocessor controller or chimney flap activated.

The stated purpose is achieved by the microprocessor controller switching off the fan when the water temperature in the boiler (between the boiler walls) exceeds the threshold water temperature or when the fuel stops burning and the water temperature in the boiler drops below 35 ° C.

FIG. 1 - lateral projection of the inside of a central heating boiler with a rated output of 25 kW; FIG. 2 - boiler rear; FIG. 3 - front of the boiler; FIG. 4 - boiler side; FIG. 5 - lateral projection of the inner part of a central heating boiler with a rated output of 45 kW; FIG. 6 5 rear of boiler; FIG. 7 - boiler front; FIG. 8 - side of boiler.

The central heating boiler body 1 has double walls and is made of 4 - 5 mm thick quality steel sheet. The space between the walls is filled with neutral, soft, non-mechanical water. The water volume is 70 liters at 25 kW and 95 liters at 45 kW. In the rear part of the boiler there is a heat exchanger 2 made of 5 mm thick and 60 mm diameter pipe between the walls. Inside the boiler there is a fuel charging chamber 3 in the upper part, closed by a door 4 with a lid 5. The volume of the charging chamber is 130 dm ³ at a nominal boiler output of 25 kW and 183 dm ³ at a nominal boiler output of 45 kW. At the bottom of the charging chamber is a grille with an injection port 6 made of a special casting. Underneath the grill 6 is a combustion chamber with a drum 7 (the ash is collected in a drum) closed by a door 8 with a lid 9. The lower part 2 of the heat exchanger is connected to the combustion chamber 7 and the upper part 20 with a chimney 10. One end of the exhaust pipe is placed on the boiler outlet. The chimney 10 and the exhaust pipe are made of refractory materials. The exhaust pipe between the boiler and the chimney should be as short as possible. For maintenance and cleaning of the heat exchanger 2 there is a rectangular opening at the top of the boiler, which is hermetically sealed with a plate 11. at the bottom, there is a water tap opening 14 for filling the heating system with water and draining the water. Next to the tap tap hole 14 are the cold water inlet outlets 15. The hot water outlet outlets are located at the top of the boiler 16 when the central heating

I power 25 kW (Fig. 1-4), and on the side when the central heating boiler rated power is 45 kW (Fig. 5-8). Outlets with female thread, internal diameter 2, for connection of the boiler to the pipes of the heating system with self-circulating water. When connecting the boiler to the pipes of the heating system with forced water circulation, the diameter of the outlets must be reduced. Because dry wood (solid fuel) is used for firing jacks up to 50 cm long and 20 cm in diameter, even once split, 5-10 cm diameter firewood, sawdust and chips, it consumes a large amount of oxygen when burned. A microprocessor controller 21 is provided at the top of the boiler to regulate the operation of the boiler, regulate the fan revolutions and at the same time regulate the power of the boiler. controls. There is a master switch for activating the regulator 21 and also the boiler. There is a digital switch for regulating the outgoing water temperature. The controller has two manual switches which are used for boiler failure, tuning and setting the fan for 17 maximum revolutions when the water temperature between the boiler walls exceeds the limiting water temperature. The top of the boiler is covered by the upper front 22 and upper rear 23 covers.

For the thermal insulation of the boiler walls there is used mineral fiber board, covered with sheet steel. Fire-resistant concrete was used for thermal insulation of the boiler door and bottom.

The boiler design includes the installation of a circulating pump, powered from a 220 V mains, by connecting the boiler to the forced circulation of water in the heating system and installing a four-way valve where the outgoing water temperature is below 60 ° C.

The chimney must be insulated to prevent condensation in the boiler chamber when cooled and to prevent condensation from entering the chimney. The minimum smoke temperature at a distance of 1 m from the top of the chimney should be 95 ° C.

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The boiler shall be placed on a fire-resistant, heat-insulating cushion protruding from the combustion chamber door 8 at least 300 mm and at least 100 mm from the other sides. Boiler protection panels are placed 300 mm from the top and 150 mm from the sides.

Table 1 shows the specifications of the central heating boiler.

table

Yesterday no. The name of the data Nominal boiler output 25 kW 45 kW 1. Height, mm 1040 1475 2. Width, mm 590 590 3. Length, mm 1000 1000 4. Internal diameter of the exhaust pipe, mm 160 160 5 · Internal thread diameter of cold water inlet and warm water outlet in inches 2 2 6th Volume of loading chamber, dm ³ 130 183 7th Water volume in boiler, 1 70 95 8th Total boiler weight, kg 345 480 9th Boiler weight without lids, doors, plates, kg 260 360 10th Maximum working pressure in the boiler, kPa 200 200 11th Fuel consumption in optimum operating mode, kg / h 7.5 14th 12th Usefulness, % 82-84 82-84 13th Maximum power used from the mains, W 50 70 14th Temperature of smoke leaving the combustion chamber, ° C 220 220 15th Minimum outlet water temperature, ° C 60 60 16th Mains voltage, V 220 220

The combustion process proceeds this way.

Throw crumpled paper 10 into the charging chamber 3 through its door 4 and fill the chamber with dry wood, open the chimney 12 of the chimney 10, open the combustion chamber door 7 and ignite the dry wood through the inlet 6 and close the charging chamber door 4. and, after checking the water level in the heating system, the heat exchanger 2 orifice cover plate 11, the position of the drum in the combustion chamber, activates the microprocessor controller 21 with the main switch, digital out switch temperature setting, closed combustion chamber door 8, chimney damper 12 , set by fan 17 for optimum flow of air through the valves to the chambers.

During combustion of the wood in the charging chamber 3, combustible wood gas (pyrolysis reaction) is released, which, through an inlet, enters the drum in the combustion chamber 7, is mixed with air and burns without emitting harmful NO, CO. Here the fuel releases heat to the water between the boiler walls. The heat of the smoke through the heat exchanger 2 is also released to the water. The smoke from the heat exchanger 2 is extracted through the chimney 10.

Non-combustible wood waste - the ash from the charging chamber 3 enters the drum 7 through the grate blast opening 6, where it is removed through the combustion chamber door 8 with the chimney flap 12 open or the microprocessor controller 21 on.

The boiler operates in standby mode for up to 24 hours with the combustion chamber door 8 open and the microprocessor controller 21 off.

In the event of malfunction of the microprocessor controller 21, the fan is set to maximum speed by the manual switch.

In the event of a complete failure of the electrical installation, firing is done by opening the chimney flap 12 and opening the combustion chamber door 8. When the water temperature reaches 90 ° C, the combustion chamber door 8 is closed.

Refilling the charging chamber 3 opens the choke 12 of the chimney 10, shuts off the fan 17, opens the door 4 of the charging chamber 3 for removing fins through the chimney 10 and activates the microprocessor controller 21 by closing the charging chamber door 4 and chimney 10.

The microprocessor controller 21 shuts off the fan 17 when the water temperature in the boiler exceeds the threshold water temperature, or when the fuel stops burning and the water temperature in the boiler drops below 35 ° C.

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The advantage of the central heating boiler and the difference compared to the known boilers is that it is designed in such a way that when burning dry wood there is a pyrolysis reaction, which produces flammable wood gas, which when mixed with air forms a combustion mixture. Such combustion process ensures the efficiency of boiler operation.

The boiler is easy to operate thanks to the microprocessor control. The regulator controls the fan revolutions that affect the boiler output.

It takes 12 to 14 hours to charge the fuel in the charging chamber. Boiler 10 in standby mode can operate for up to 24 hours and requires no maintenance.

Burning dry wood is ecologically clean and increases heating efficiency, reducing fuel consumption.

Boiler shell walls made of 4 - 5 mm thick quality steel sheet are long-lasting when properly operated. The walls of the housing, which are in contact with flame and smoke, are made of 5 mm thick steel sheet. When operating the boiler it is important that the smoke temperature does not fall below the dew point (wood burning smoke dew point 60 - 65 ° C), because when the boiler is operating at a lower temperature, moisture in the boiler condenses, causing boiler corrosion and shortening boiler life.

Claims (10)

1. Central heating boiler consisting of a housing, a combustion chamber, 5 heat exchangers connected to the chimney, an air supply fan, air supply valves, characterized in that the boiler consists of a housing with double walls made of 4-5 mm thick steel sheet, between with a capacity of 70 liters of water, a heat exchanger made of 5 mm thick and 60 mm diameter pipe and placed between the boiler walls 10 at the rear, at the top of the boiler is a fuel-loading chamber of 130 dm ³ , closed by a door with a lid, with a grate with an injection port underneath, and a combustion chamber with a drum underneath, by a door with a lid, at the bottom - tap hole for filling and draining the heating system, 15 cold water inlet outlets and, in the upper part of the boiler, a hot water outlet outlets which, with an internal thread of internal diameter 2, connecting the boiler to the heating system pipes with self-circulating water, a microprocessor controller with controls in the top of the boiler fan for primary and secondary air volumes 20 for supply through the primary air and secondary air supply valves to the charging chamber and through the inlet to the combustion chamber, furthermore, there is a chimney at the rear of the boiler with an exhaust pipe of 160 mm internal diameter connected to the top of the heat exchanger , the lower part of which is connected to the combustion chamber, For routine maintenance and cleaning of the heat exchanger, there is a rectangular opening at the top of the boiler, which is hermetically sealed with a cover plate, and there is a chimney damper between the charging chamber and the opening in front of the outlet to the chimney fire-resistant concrete and boiler walls - mineral fiber 30 plate, covered with steel sheet and boiler rated power 25 kW. I 2. Central heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the boiler design includes a space for the installation of a circulating pump, connecting the boiler to the forced circulation of water in the heating system and the installation of a four-way valve for the supply of water. 5 temperatures below 60 ° C. Central heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the nominal capacity of the boiler is 45 kW, the water capacity between the walls of the boiler is filled with 95 l of water and the volume of the fuel charging chamber is 183 dm ³ . 10th 4. Mode of operation of central heating boiler, in which dry wood and a fan supply air to the chamber, characterized by throwing crumpled paper through the door of the boiler, filling the chamber with dry wood, opening the chimney damper, combustion chamber door and blowing the opening fires dry wood, closes the charging chambers 15 doors and after burning 20 min. and after checking the water level in the heating system, the heat exchanger outlet cover plate tightness, the position of the drum in the combustion chamber, activates the microprocessor controller with the main switch, sets the desired outlet water temperature with the digital switch, closes the combustion chamber door, chimney damper 20 water temperature, sets the switch fan speed for optimum air supply to the chambers. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the microprocessor controller is operable to set the fan to maximum revolutions by a manual switch. 25th 6. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that, in the event of a complete failure of the electrical installation, the furnace opens the chimney door by opening the chimney flap and opening the combustion chamber door and raising the water temperature to 90 ° C. 7. A process according to claim 4, wherein After switching off the microprocessor control with 30 switches, the boiler operates in standby mode for up to 24 hours with the combustion chamber door closed. I 8. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that, by adding dry wood to the charging chamber, it opens the chimney flap, shuts off the fan, opens the charging chamber door to remove smokestacks into the chimney, and when the charging chamber door and chimney flap are closed. 5 activates the microprocessor controller with the main switch. 9. The method of claim 4, wherein the ash from the drum is cleaned in the combustion chamber with the microprocessor controller or chimney flap activated. 10. The method of claim 4, wherein the microprocessor controller 10 switches off the fan when the water temperature in the boiler (between the boiler walls) exceeds the cut-off temperature or when the fuel stops burning and the water temperature in the boiler drops below 35 ° C.