LT3282B - Fodder for poultry - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention belongs to fodder production and can be applied to aviculture: for chicken-broiler, fleshy and layer, brood and industrial hen feeding. The purpose is to increase bird productivity and resistance to diseases, improving the assimilation of the alimentary substances of the main ration by a bird organism. The birdseed is prepared putting 0.1-0,3% of the fermentation premix, which has the fermentation activities described below, into a main ration (units/g):β-glucanase - 100+-10proteolitic - 10+-1lysozymic - 100+-10amylolytic - not less than 100.When the birds are fed with this birdfeed, they grow better, the average quality is increased, the laying, birdseed conversion increases, and morbidity decreases, because assimilation of alimentary substances of the main ration becomes better in the bird's organism.

Description

All these reasons hinder the use of known feeds to increase nutrient uptake in different types of bird diets, improve bird growth rate and productivity, and increase bird resistance to disease.

The goal is to increase bird productivity and disease resistance by improving the nutrient uptake of the main diet.

The objective is achieved by the use of a novel poultry feed consisting of a basic ration enriched in an enzymatic premix having the following units / g:

β-glucanase amylolytic proteolytic lysozyme

100 + 10 at least 100

10 + 1

100 + 10 containing 0.1-0.3% of the weight of the main diet. This type of feed is fed to the birds throughout the rearing period.

The bird feed on offer is better because it is more easily absorbed by the bird body. This is because selecting these enzymatic activities increases the amount of enzymes in birds and broadens the spectrum of their action on the main diet, β-glucanase activity helps inhibit glucans and make digestive enzymes more able to digest available proteins, fats and carbohydrates (starches) ) for which the proteolytic and amylolytic enzymatic activities are selected to optimize the fermentation process in the body. When composed in the appropriate ratio all i

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the field of animal feed and can be applied in poultry farming to broiler chickens, meat and laying hens, breeding and industrial hens.

Known Bird Feed consisting of a basic diet enriched with an enzymatic premix containing β-glucanase activity (Hesselman K., Aman P. The effect of β-glucanase on starch utilization and Nitrogen by Broiler Chickens Feed on Barley of Low or High Viscosity Anim ., Feed Sc. Technol. 1986, Vol. 15, N 2, pp. 83-93).

The prototype is a poultry feed consisting of a major ration enriched in enzymatic premix containing the following enzymatic activities per g: β-glucanase 90-110, cellulase 18-22. This feed consists of a non-standard high fiber diet (30-40% barley). The enzymatic premix, when ingested with the bird's feed, helps to break down the inhibitory glucans in the main diet and makes it easier to digest proteins and fiber. The disadvantage is that the cellulase contained in the enzymatic premix is expensive and its production is difficult (ex-USSR Certificate No. 1685376, ONLY ⁴ A23K1 / 165).

The disadvantage of both mentioned feeds is that their uptake of nutrients in birds depends on the composition of the main diet. If the main diet is high in fiber, the efficiency of using the enzymatic premix will be higher than that of standard poultry feeds in the main diet. USSR standards GOST 18221-72 based on 40% corn and 30% wheat. In addition, these feeds do not address the disease resistance of birds.

The proposal mentions enzymatic activities, which results in a particular improvement in the uptake of nutrients in the main diet (activation of enzymes in birds, widening of the spectrum of enzymatic activity) resulting in improved nutrient uptake, irrespective of variations in the composition of the main diet. Disease resistance is enhanced by lysozyme activity, which promotes the growth of birds and enhances disease resistance by the sum of enzymatic activities of the premix. The sum of β-glucanase and other enzymes activates water absorption in the bird's gastrointestinal tract, which reduces the moisture and stickiness of the bird's feces. This improves the hygiene of the premises, which determines the bird's resistance to disease. In this way, improving the nutrient uptake of the main diet in birds improves bird productivity, growth, feed conversion (i.e., less feed is used per unit of production), and hen production.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. Fig. 1 is a graph of the live weight gain curves of roosters when fed with the proposed feed as well as with the prototype feed and the feed without enzyme premix; 2 - Same for chickens.

In all experiments, the main ration, consisting of standard compound feeds according to the former, was used to feed the birds. USSR standard GOST 18221-78. For its enrichment, an enzymatic premix containing the following enzymatic activities per g was used:

β-glucanase

100 ± 10 amylolytic not less than 100 ± 10 proteolytic

10 ± l lysozyme 100 ± 10

The GPL enzymatic premix is a fine, hygroscopic, light brown powder. Humidity not more than 10%. Optimal operating conditions in birds - pH

6.5-7.5, temperature 37-50 ° C. The stated enzymatic activity of the premix is slightly variable for 6 months when stored below 25 ° C and below -30 ° C. The primary and secondary activities of this premix are obtained by deep cultivation of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Compound feed by ex. The USSR standard GOST 18221-78, enriched with an enzymatic premix, will receive the proposed feed.

Test I. Determination of live weight gain of chickens by feeding the proposed feed.

Broiler chickens, individual roosters (θ5, individual chickens (^), divided into 6 groups. First group control). The birds in this group are fed on a diet based exclusively on the former USSR standard GOST 18221-78 without enzymatic premix.

Groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of broiler chickens were given the feed obtained by mixing the enzyme premix GPL with 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5% of the main diet, respectively, into the main ration. (Table I). The chickens were weighed live daily at two, two weeks, four weeks, six weeks and eight weeks. At week 8 (immediately before slaughter), broiler chickens had the highest live weight in Group 4 fed with 0.1% GPL of enzymatic premix. The weight of group 5 was 12% and 7% higher than that of control group I (without enzymatic premix). Group 5 broiler chickens receiving a GPL dose of 0.3% enzyme premix. At 8 weeks of age, the live weight of roosters is 10% and that of chickens 6% higher than

Group I chickens. Experiments show that GPL additives in the enzyme premix most stimulate the growth of chickens from 15% to 27% of all groups at 4 weeks of age. In the other groups (2.3 and 6), at 8 weeks of age, the body weight of fed 0.02, 0.05 and 0.5% GPL was 4-8% higher than that of the control and 3-4% lower, than the mass of chickens in groups 4 and 5. Summarizing the growth data of chickens, it can be concluded that the optimal bird feed is obtained when the main ration of birds is enriched with 0.1% enzyme premix and in some cases the enzyme premix dose can be increased to 0.3%.

Test II. Comparison of indicators obtained with the proposed feed and prototype feed.

There are 3 groups of broiler chickens, separate cocks and separate chickens. The first group is a control group in which the chickens are fed the main ration without enzymatic premix. Group 2 chickens fed with prototype feed: Main ration After administration of an optimal dose of CG 0.1 enzyme premix. A third group of chickens is fed the main feed with an optimal 0.1% dose of enzymatic premix.

(a) Benchmarking of live weight gain in chickens.

The live weight of the chickens was determined by weighing at the age of 24 days, two weeks, four weeks and eight weeks. From Table 2, figs. 1 and FIG. Figure 2 shows that cocks and chickens, when fed with an enzymatic premix, outperform prototype chickens at all growth periods in growth dynamics. Rooster: 5.6% for two weeks, 9.3% for four weeks, 5.4% for six weeks, and 0.2% for eight weeks. Chickens: 10.8% for two weeks, 6.0% for four weeks, 3.3% for six weeks, 3.1% for eight weeks.

(b) Feed costs

Feed costs for individual groups of chickens at different stages of their growth were determined by weighing the prepared feed at the beginning of the period and the feed residues at the end of the period. Based on these data, feed costs per kg live weight of chickens were calculated (Table 3). Feeding chicks has been found to require 3.2% less feed per kg gain compared to the prototype.

(c) Determination of gastrointestinal proteolytic activity.

Proteolytic activity in the gastrointestinal tract was determined by a modified Anson method at n-10 c3 and 10

Proteolytic activity was detected in gastric contents and in the 12-finger gut chimule (Table 4), group 3 chickens receiving the offered feed had a higher proteolytic activity at all times in both the gastric contents and the 12-finger gut chimuse than in the prototype feed. : 3 gastric contents 8-13%, Q 10%, 12-finger intestinal chimuse Cf 9, 5-13%

2-4%.

(d) Nitrogen and fat uptake.

Nitrogen and fat uptake by inert materials was determined in broiler broilers at 8 weeks of age (Table 5). These nutrients were better absorbed by Group 3 roosters - 0.5%, chickens 0.9%, and fat roosters - 1.7%, chickens - 0.8% better than Group 2 chickens.

(e) Anatomical data from 8 weeks of age chickens.

Anatomical analysis of the chickens in each group at 8 weeks of age (Table 6, n = 10) showed that Group 3 chickens had higher edible portions, lower bone mass than Group 2 chickens.

(f) Chemical composition and calorific value of chicken meat

The chemical composition and calorific value of the meat of 8 weeks old cocks and chickens in each group were examined (Table 7). Group 3 chicken meat has less water, more dry matter, protein, and fat. Calorific value of meat in Group 3 roosters is 3.5% higher than

The meat calorific value of Group 2 roosters and Group 3 chickens is 1% higher than that of Group 2 chickens.

(g) Impact of the proposed feed on the conservation of the chickens

The number of chickens recorded at the start of each group test at one day. age and at the end of the trial when they were 56 d. century. We can see that the least drop was in the third group of chickens, where the chickens received the offered feed (Table 8).

Test III. Influence of the proposed feed on the laying of hens

There are 3 groups of adult laying hens, each group consisting of 84 laying hens. Group 1 - control. Laying hens in this group received feed only from the main diet without the enzymatic premix. Group 2 laying hens received the main ration (compound feed according to former USSR standard GOST 18221-78) to which 0.1% of the enzyme premix CG (prototype feed) was added. Group 3 laying hens also received the above-mentioned main ration with the 0.1% GPL enzyme premix supplement (feed available).

(a) Comparison of laying hens

Laying of hens was observed in the first laying period (up to 21 weeks of age) and in the second laying period of weeks of age). Comparison of the chicken laying and the feed enzyme premix GPL with the control laying chicken (without enzyme premix) shows (Table 9) that the feed consumption per kg of egg mass is 4-5% for the 3 hens compared to the prototype (Group 2). (up to 58 recipients, higher yield, average yield 4-5% lower (Table 10).

In this way, the weight of the chickens fed with the offered feed increases by 3-9%, increases the calorific value of the meat by 1-5%, increases the conversion of the feed by 3.2%, better assimilates the nutrients in the feed (nitrogen 0.5 + 0.9%, fat 1). , 7 + 1.8%), the chickens are healthier and their falls are reduced by 2% compared to the prototype. This means that the feed offered increases bird productivity and resistance to disease. This is achieved by improving the nutrient uptake of the main diet in birds.

Determination of live weight gain of broiler chickens (grams)

00 2022, 8 ± 33, 74 2073.8 ± 34.57 2176.9135.93 2281,1130.38 2235, 0 ± 35, 13 2199.6130.23 LO c - t cn co 0 LO CM 0 LO cn 00 (O »K k. k k k k CQ kO N * LO n · co co • di CM CM CM CM CM CM U0 -H +1 +1 -H +1 +1 • H CM 00 cn CM LO cn k. k, k k k k rH Ν ' o O r * · 0 P kO 00 co cn CM co CM co Ν ' Ν ' LO LO hk rH rH rH rH rH rH ω G • H • H rH LO 00 00 CM LO > N flJ LO LO 00 <7> Ν ' r * S k. k k k k co Ν ' LO LO co N * r · * J rH rH rH i-1 rH rH 3 Ν ' • ΓΠ +1 +1 -H +1 +1 -H • H Fi n co CM k rH 00 LO k LO k 0) Ή CM m co co LO cn rH IU ΓΠ CO rH CM r- O co • H kJ kO r- r- 00 0 Fl Λ 1 P * Λί CM Ν ' <Ti 00 00 00 G θ ' o N * LO r- 0 • H Q. k v k k k > Q n * LO Ν ' LO kO LO XQ r \ j Ή Ή +1 Ή -H -H co 00 rH LO Ν ' CM k. k k k k k ►> * r- m kO CM Ν ' <T> rH CM CM n * LO CM CM CM CN CN CM CN Ή <ϋ -H rH 00 kO LO CO LO C LO v CM Ν ' 10th N * fl] k. k k k k «K 0 0 0 0 0 O • r | Ή Ή +1 +1 +1 -H U <rt 00 LO Ν ' LO N * co k. k k «K months months C CN CM CN CN CO CN Φ Ν ' Ν ' Ν ' n * Ν ' N > - <1) A 3 rH CM co Ν ' LO kO Fi O

table (continued)

OO 80 'ςετζ'ζειτ 1779, 0 ± 22, 08 1779, 1 ± 28, 81 1853, 6 ± 29.76 LO LO K. N ¹ CM -H r- k 00 sr 00 1 —i 1802.8 ± 25.69 CM m O r- co O LT) Ν ' t-1 00 CM co k. «Μ k k k k m • Φ -G i-l O M ¹ o r- 10 co CM CM CM i-1 1-H LD -H +1 +) +1 -H -H n o O σ CM k. etc. k k k etc. Π3 m i-1 LO CM CM CM Ν ' CM O i-1 σ i-l CM CM m CO CM co i-l <—1 f-1 1-1 r-1 i-H to 3 Ή LD CO O r-1 LT) M * LD > N e m Φ m K O K σ k k Ν ' k Ifl -G OO m LO -H LD CM • H i-1 i-H i-1 i-H ϊ-H cr (i.e. -H -H -H -H -H Ή -G σ CM r- m 00 G X0 Cl k. k, k CO k Φ • H 00 kO o * 3 * rH > i-1 r ~ CM CM • H LD LD LD C- r- 0 Gi E 1 see co CM n O LO 00 to Ν ' LD m Γ Ν ' σ k. k Cl k k > o > to m m LO M ¹ Csl +1 +1 -H +1 +1 -H n i-1 00 00 > k. k. k k k k 00 00 Csl i-1 M * o 1-1 CM Ν ' Ν ' CM CM CM CM CM CM CM -H (0 CM O O CM m c N * M ¹ Ν ' Ν ' * 3 * Φ k k k «K k o O o o o O Ή Ό (0 +1 +) Ή +1 +1 Ή Ν ' CM r * · LD 1-1 CM k k k k k etc. C <D -ri CM CM i-1 1-1 CM CM Ν ' Ν ' sT > -Φ E 3 i-1 CM co m LD G U

Comparative estimate of the live weight gain of the chickens (grams)

00 2020.8 2284.9 2281.2 1724.2 1907.3 kO fe cn m 00 1 — i CM O r- cn o CM fe fe fe fe fe kO cn cn LO LO CTl sr cn <0 r-1 cn cn 0 CM LT) i-l cn CM • 0 r-1 i-1 r-1 rH i-1 rH X • H 0 > 0 0 fe 0 0 Ή 3 n fe m κ cn fe 0 0 X • rH Ch fe LO fe 00 fe • H M ¹ > N Ό CM CM rH 0 σι ί-H 'T > N CM rH to X o o ε LO 00 r * · KO LO r * 0 J 0 O • rH > λ: P Ή K) > 0 • H > cn m cn r-H o fe fe fe fe fe CM LO CM o cn rH cn r ^- 1 -T cn o v rH CM CM CM CM CM CM H iO • H C 0 • H n 0 c 0 Ή > 0 • 0 c . — N. c • H X , -fe. • rH X • 0 CM —1 <G o r-1 CG kO ro o u o G O o X dP dP X dP dP o c i-i rH C rH rH o fe fe 0 fe K Λ! o O λ: O O i-1 CM m r-H CM cn

Feed costs

Feeds per kg of live weight gain were used 0-8 weeks i-1 00 O LT) CO CO., LTD CN CN CN 0-4 weeks 00 CO OJ o oo r · v (\ | 1-1 T-1 Feed consumption, kg / 1 chicken 0-8 weeks O (N CM r * o 00 K K% m * 'T 0-4 weeks 00 CO 'T CM CO CO., LTD K K i — 1 »—ί t — i Groups Control 1 0.1% CG 2 0.1% GPL 3

Determination of proteolytic activity in the digestive tract of chickens-broilers (units / g)

week nitrogen and fat uptake by chickens,

Fat Chickens r — l r-X r-l X X MO MO MO Cocks CD O X Q. <Ti m LT) kO kO Nitrogen Chickens cm cn oo K * » r-o 1-1 'T LO LO Cocks σι x r ~ σ χ x V X X Group r-l X X

LO weeks data from anatomical analysis of chickens aged

to 3 P G dj p r — i P r- PO στ CM στ kO s o rH CM r ~ σι PO -U § X * » * » hk «K K G (rt d M co PO PO PO PO v M • d tn P rH 3 · » -Φ LT) r · 00 o <Ti στ 95 00 σι rH στ 10th co PO PO CM ** · * « (d rH rH rH ε Oh with pi ro rj o στ 'D * στ 4J pi (d v * ν ' ν ' m LT) G > rH K K K K K <d > d) <3 rH rH rH rH rH rH ω G -P no- P ε 0 pi * k CM PO kO 00 στ kO o tr> • d PO rH σι CM CO m • H > rH (d > rH <d T3 • H <0 Oh 00 σι σι 0) LO r- r- n K -d) • d) P P G • H ± J G d) P> Ή > N Ό rH r · 00 o IO rH <d 4J PO PO ν ' LO t-1 r- iq § CM PO PO ΗΠ CM CM CM M <d • d M <d o > i) pi LO LO O PO kO 00 CM στ PO «2 P G 00 C3T στ r ** r- 00 1 P ε 1 id P * co 00 rH LO LT) o 0 t3 r- M * cn CM CM στ pi P rH PO PO rH rH i-1 rH G * • d <0 -ΓΊ rH > o 0 tP -P (0 G • d K • Φ ro v < CM r * rH 00 co o V * LO V v * o M o kO kO CM PO a: KO <d rH rH rH rH rH rH ω • d > ε > co Pi d) • ΓΊ M (rt * O rH * Sat. M * r- o ih g CM 00 00 CM m O £ • 0) ro • d O CM CM Γ 00 σι ✓Ί O > 0 CM CM CM i-1 rH rH (d 'ΓΗ B a

d) a

O

CM

CM

CO

Chemical composition and calorific value of chicken meat

m (ow ε 0 Cn G dP 100.00 103.94 107.49 o o o o iH 105.48 106.48 • H G O Cn m iH 'D * CM cn rH r-) o τ ^- 1 m X m co r- <d k K * » K K K m LO co r- * d * * d * 00 CM m <Ti o O o iH O O iH ^r J X rH rH tH iH iH iH H (fl σι CM CM LO CM σι c O iH rH O O O Φ στ K K ι-1 i-H 1-1 iH tH rH Φ CM • H -H cn (fl fd CM LO -Φ O co rH rH Λί r- m <n X LO σι 'd ¹ <d dP P K K • rd X X • H n X X (0 X m m H Φ > N rH iH iH X iH rH iH X • H xn o Pi • rd • rd Pi fo > O • H (fl iH r- LO kO 00 kO c • H dP LD 00 r * · X r- <Ti K CN Φ rH rH CM σι σι rH o CM CM CM tH iH CM G CM dP m n (M m LO iH co LO CQ CJ 0 ^ m m 00 X σι r ~ G (fl 00 K r · 00 LO LO r- CQ > N cn cn o co CO co X Φ ε o 00 m m cn r ~ 'd ¹ P kO tH m o CM dP * K K Km n CN rH σ> CN (d > LO kO kO LO LO kO K 2 rH CM n 1-1 CM co

Table O

Chickens Preservation,%

Group Chick age, weeks 2 4 6th 8th 1 100 100 100 97 2 100 100 98 97 3 100 100 100 99

table

Chickens lay-out,%

Group Laying hens For the original hen For the average hen 1 100 100 2 104.5 102.8 3 105.0 103, 9

table

Feed costs for 1 kg egg mass,%

Group Age of laying hens, weeks 34 45 60 1 100 100 100 2 94.8 98.4 98, 8 3 90.4 93, 1 94.7

Claims (3)

DEFINITION OF THE INVENTION A feed consisting of an enzymatic premixture, a duck, which is used having the following activities, units / g: Bird diet, 5 k i r i premix, β-glucanase 10 amylolytic proteolytic lysozyme and the shelf life of the enzyme premix bulk ration. basic non-spherical 100 ± 10 not less than 100 10 ± l 100 ± 10, placed in the range of 0,1-0,3% and fed to all birds