KR960009269B1 - Form-less style working method for underground constructions - Google Patents

Abstract

(a)driving the support piles(3) having a sheave(7) on the top face into the regular point between a surface layer(1) having guide wall formed on the inner wall and rock layer(2) and grouting the layer to be exposed; (b)constructing a underground structure(A') having hollows(13) formed on the bottom by concreting at the state of connecting concrete panel(9) with rope(8) wound around the sheave(7); (c)completing the underground structure by releasing and stopping the sheave(7) repeatedly, (d)mounting the bottom with a slab after absorbing the clay sludge inserted into the inside through the hollows(13).

Description

Construction method of natural falling underground insects using the weight of building

A-g of FIG. 1 is a process flowchart sequentially illustrating a process of constructing a basement layer according to the present invention.

A-d of FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a pulley installation structure used as a holding means of a basement structure to be constructed in the present invention.

3 is a schematic plan view showing an embodiment in which openings are formed through the bottom surface of the first basement substructure to be constructed, and b is an embodiment in which the openings are formed in a closed shape without openings.

FIG. 4 is an exemplary view illustrating a state in which a curing panel is removed from a basement structure to be constructed first, and a basement layer is constructed after the wire layer is directly connected to the basement structure.

5 is a modified embodiment of the third step of constructing the basement in the state in which the bottom surface of the basement structure is formed closed in the present invention.

Figure 6 a, b, c is a first to third modified embodiment of the present invention

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1: surface layer 2: bedrock layer

3: support file 4: guide wall

5: soft layer 7: pulley

8: wire rope 9: curing panel

12,20: Bottom surface 13: Opening

16,22: inhaler 23: push-pull jockey

30 crane 31 earth anchor

A: Basement A ': Substructure

A ', A': upper layer structure

The present invention can easily construct a basement layer that is located in a soft layer when building a feature member in which a soft layer such as a marine soil layer or a soft soil layer (mud, etc.) exists between the surface and the underground bedrock layer. The present invention relates to a method of constructing a naturally descending underground floor using the weight of the building.

Most of the buildings currently being constructed have a basement of a predetermined structure in the basement, and it is customary that such a basement is constructed deeper the higher the construction of the object to be constructed.

As such, when building a basement deep into the basement, it is possible to excavate the ground layer and construct a simple underground construction at the site where a relatively hard layer exists, but the relatively hard ground layer is only 2-3m thick from the surface and 20 from the bottom. There were many difficulties in building the basement of the building at sites such as coastal areas (* Busan, Incheon, Ulsan, especially in Korea) where soft layers of about -50m exist everywhere. Explaining the difficulties in detail, when the soil reaches a soft layer composed of a marine soil layer or a soft soil layer in the process of digging the ground for the construction of the basement layer, the soft layer in the gel state is continuously pushed from the transverse direction and further excavation work is performed. It was caused by almost impossible. Due to such factors, the excavation of the ground becomes impossible, and therefore, the conventional underground construction method, which has been implemented as a countermeasure, will be described.

First, install a wall of mud walls (* continuous wall, wall with piled on-site piles, or a panel made by sandwiching panels between H beams) outside the planned construction of the new building. Excavate the seat).

And in order to cope with the transverse pressure of the wall in the excavation process, earth anchors or temporary facilities are installed on the wall. When the work process is completed, the construction starts from the bottom of the basement floor of the building. The construction method of the basement floor has the following problems.

Excavation becomes difficult due to the phenomenon of weakening of the weak layer due to the pressure difference between the outside and the inside of the wall when the excavation does not reach the basement rock layer in the underground.

· In case of installing temporary facilities, it is necessary to avoid the location of the basement frame of the building, as well as the workability of the new construction of basement frames due to the installed facility.

· Since the construction of the basement floor was to be carried out in the basement part far from the ground, the work was complicated and the risk of safety accidents was very high.

Due to the above problems, excessive work dates and expenses are required, as well as situations that cause damage to adjacent buildings or ground.

In order to solve such problems, a domestic top-down patent publication (Publication No. 88-10200) proposes a top-down basement building method.

To explain this briefly, the H-beams of the arch walls and each strut of the building are laid vertically in the basement of the site according to the design depth, and the braces and the horizontal beams are connected between the retaining wall struts and the struts of each floor. After the slab is constructed along with the horizontal beams and the slab is first excavated, the slab construction is carried out downwards, and the excavation of the target basement space and the slab are constructed, and then the space between the building and the retaining wall It is to build a basement by reclamation.

However, such a construction method has a disadvantage in that it is very difficult to construct another relevant floor below the first floor, as the corresponding floor is manufactured at the location of the corresponding floor.

That is, in order to build the next floor, excavation and discharge of excavated soil or transportation of materials through both retaining walls are very cumbersome, difficult and construction period is long, and a lot of manpower is required.

In view of all the problems caused by the sequential construction of the slab, the excavation of the ground by each floor unit, Japanese Patent Publication No. 45-10898 discloses the construction of the underground building that lowers and builds the buildings on the lower floor at the designated location. Construction methods have been proposed. However, this method also has the following problems.

That is, in the ground excavation and building descent, the ground must be excavated separately from the bottom of the bottom floor, and after the excavation, the building is lowered. In other words, the underground buildings of several floors are dried and lowered in advance to operate a large load. Technology is very demanding.

In addition, a precise horizontal maintenance technique is required as the rollers are attached to the side of the building produced in the horizontal maintenance during the descent of the building and descended while maintaining the horizontal level of the entire building.

In addition, when opening or closing the bottom floor, the bottom floor is always kept in a closed state, so if a separate construction is required under the bottom floor floor, the closed floor should be opened or not, so that unnecessary work had to be performed.

In addition, whether or not the basement layer needs to be formed, the above method requires the formation of an outer layer of the basement layer such as a slurry wall, which causes various problems such as an increase in construction cost and an extension of the construction period.

The present invention has been researched and developed in view of such a reality, and through the ground layer of the building site to be set, a plurality of support piles from the ground to the basement rock layer to be fixed to the outer portion of the new projected building and then the support pile `` Guidewall '' is installed on the inner wall of the ground layer to connect the wires, and the line work process to cope with the pressure applied from the transverse direction is carried out, and then, a ruling means such as a pulley is installed on the upper side of the supporting pile exposed to the ground. In the state where the concrete curing panel is installed on the wire rope wound on the hanging means, the concrete is laid as it is designed to cure concrete and pre-construct the lower side structure of the basement floor. Settle into the soft layer by the self-load of the basement structure constructed by releasing the pulley The base part of the basement structure should be exposed on the soft layer, and the base layer construction method of the new construction method to complete the basement structure is repeated while repeating the process of pouring concrete as it is connected to the exposed part. Therefore, the construction cost can be quickly and easily constructed even on the site where the soft soil such as the marine soil layer or soft soil layer exists between the surface layer and the bedrock layer. The main purpose is to simplify the convenience of the construction work can be expected by the simplification. The process and the embodiment and the effects thereof according to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail as follows.

(Step 1)

As shown in a, b, and c of FIG. 1, a plurality of anchor piles or screw piles 3 (hereinafter referred to as support piles) having high strength are selected from the ground layer 1 from the ground layer 1 of the building site to be selected. 2) To be firmly fixed at proper intervals until the installation, the construction plan is to be secured within the four-sided outline where each supporting pile 3 is drawn, and each supporting pile 3 is provided on the inner surface of the ground layer 1. The guide wall (GUIDEWALL) (4) is installed in a state supported on the ground layer (1) to cope with the transverse pressure of the ground layer (1) to excavate the ground layer (1) corresponding to the inner side of each support pile, and is located in the lower layer By exposing the soft layer (5) consisting of a marine soil layer, a soft soil layer, etc., each support pile (3) is a preliminary work process to fix the fixing means such as the pulley (7) on the top.

In this process, the supporting piles 3 embedded in the bedrock layer 2 are kept vertically precisely, and the interval between each supporting pile 3 is expected to be applied by the building to be built and the bedrock. In consideration of the geology of the layer (2), it is appropriately adjusted and set, and in order to make the support pile (3) exhibit strong pulling force due to the construction condition, it is preferable to select and install a screw pile having a screw formed at the tip as a support pile.

The support pile (3) and the guide wall (4) is an embodiment in which a method for installing the support pile (3) prior to the installation work of the guide wall (4) in some cases, the guide wall (4) The installation depth is to reach the lower end of the ground layer (1), but if the layer thickness of the ground layer (1) is only within 2-3m, it is preferable to extend slightly to the soft layer (5), the pulley to be used as a ruling means As shown in Fig. 2, the installation structure of (7) can be modified in various forms, so that the most suitable form is selected according to the construction conditions.

(2nd step)

After completing the first process, as shown in the la of FIG. 1, the high-strength wire rope (8) is wound around the pulley (7) installed on the support pile (3) by the locking means, the wire Pre-constructing the substructure A 'corresponding to the lowermost side of the basement layer A having a predetermined structure by placing concrete in the state where the concrete curing panel 9 woven in a certain shape is installed on the rope 8 It is a process.

In carrying out such a process, the lower layer structure is constructed according to the design structure of the basement layer, and the concrete placing work is carried out in a state where the curing panel 9 is suspended on the ground through the pulley 7, thereby making it convenient to place the work. You will gain sex.

On the other hand, the bottom of the lower structure (A ') of the basement layer (A) to be constructed is formed in an open form in which a plurality of openings 13 are formed through the bottom surface 12 or as the bottom frame as shown in FIG. There is a method of giving (hereinafter referred to as a bottom open type) and a method of building as a closed type (hereinafter referred to as a bottom closed type).

(3rd step)

When the lower structure (A ') corresponding to the lowermost layer is constructed through the second process, the structure (A') is a soft layer due to its own weight while releasing the pulley (7), as shown in FIG. 5) It is settled to the inside, and in this state, the sedimentation of the structure A 'continues and only the upper part remains on the ground, and the pulley 7 is stopped to prevent the structure A' from sinking anymore. After connecting and establishing the upper layer structure (A '') of the predetermined structure on the upper side of the structure (A ') exposed to the ground in the above, the structure is settled into the weak layer (5) through the same process as described above, If only a portion of the upper portion of the stretched upper layer structure A is positioned on the ground, the first step is repeated while stopping the pulley 7 and connecting another upper layer structure A 'to the upper layer structure A. Bar shown in town Likewise, it is a process of completing basement construction of a predetermined structure.

In this process, by filling the appropriate amount of liquid such as water or bent knight with high specific gravity into the internal space (* room, kitchen, bathroom, etc.) of the underground floor (A), which has a predetermined structure, the weight of the building is increased. By zooming, it is possible to expect the effect of promoting the sedimentation of the structure and to use it as a means for maintaining the number average type of the sedimented structure while properly controlling the amount of liquids filled in each internal space. Leveling of the structure is to be installed at the appropriate part of the structure so that the level can be detected from the outside.

On the other hand, it is shown in Figure 4, which shows a modified embodiment of the third process, when the substructure (A ') constituting the basement layer (A) is cured to build the concrete curing panel (9) and wire rope Directly connecting (8) to the undercarriage (A ') while the rest of the process to proceed to the state to be suspended in the pulley (7), this embodiment is a substructure in the state of fully built basement layer (A) When grouting is performed to fill the gap existing between the bottom of (A ') and the bedrock layer 3 (in the fifth process described later), the convenience of the work is obtained, and the substructure While the curing panel does not exist between the bottom surface and the bedrock layer (2) of the structure can be expected to further strengthen the seating state.

(4th step)

Slabs to each basement floor after performing the sealing operation to clean the inside of the basement layer (A) and fill the opening 13 of the floor in the state that the construction of the basement layer (A) of the predetermined structure is completed by the sequential implementation of the process process. This is the internal finishing work process that performs the installation work.

In this process, the suction stirrer is finally removed.

This process is to be mainly applied to the open floor type, when the basement floor is settled to a predetermined position to temporarily block the basement floor 12, at this time using a system that pulls the existing barrier screen or curing concrete Use a panel modification method.

In this way, while the basement floor is blocked from the outside, a stirring screw (17), etc. is introduced from the ground to stir the tank inside the sea zone layer, sucked by the inhaler (16), and the inside of the basement layer is washed. If the basement floor surface (including temporary barriers) appears through the same process, the basement floor surface is re-measured or the temporary barrier is well closed to form a permanent basement floor.

On the other hand, in the floor-closed type, the basement floor 20 with the floor blocked is surveyed at the time of initial construction and lowered by the building sedimentation method as described above. However, in this method, there is a concern that the lowering resistance due to the lowering of the building is increased or that the soft layer corresponding to the lowered volume may disturb the adjacent ground, and as a countermeasure, the stirring screw 17 is placed on the lower side of the basement floor 20. It is installed through the inhaler 22 installed while stirring the soft layer (5) to discharge the soft layer to the ground. At this time, when the basement floor reaches the predetermined position, it is possible to build a method for recovering the stirring screw 17 to be reused in the next construction. This method can be used in the hard bed, not the soft bed, and can be used for the installation of almost all the basements of the ground if only the functions of the stirring screw 17 and the inhaler 16 are enhanced. Will be explained).

(5th process)

After finishing the inside of the basement layer (A) by the above process process, as shown in Fig. 1, the sedimentary basement layer (A) functions as a basic structure that perfectly supports the upper structure connected to the upper side. It is a reinforcing process for retaining, connecting the guide wall (4) and the building body (mainly the basement floor of the first floor) with a fastening key (40), a wedge (41) or an anchor bolt, or by adhering with adhesive (42). A grouting operation is performed between the base rock layer 2 and the basement floor A so that building loads are transferred to the bedrock layer 2 through the guide wall 4 and the support pile 3 while integrating with each other. Or by installing a number of steel piles (18) having a concept extending from the lowermost pillars is a process to firmly install the basement layer (A).

In implementing such a process, depending on the state of the bedrock layer (2) may be carried out at the same time three treatment processes described above, may not be carried out at all, barbed rock layer (2) is inclined to one side or If it is irregular, it is preferable to carry out all.

Meanwhile, in constructing the substructure A 'of the basement layer A through the above-described second process as shown in FIG. For example, it is settled in the basement layer (A) to the soft layer (5) by the installation of a plurality of inhalers 22 while at the same time staked out the stirring screw 21 on the lower side of the closed permanent basement floor 20. As the bottom surface is formed in a closed form, it is impossible to expect a smooth settling action of the structure, as a countermeasure between the upper side of the outer wall and the support pile (3). Push-pull jockey 23 is installed to form a forced sedimentation means, and at this time, during the sedimentation of the structure into the soft layer, the gel is formed through the gap between the outer wall of the structure and the guide wall 4 of the inner wall of the ground layer 1. Pushed As the basic structure store la settling condition is presented the composition, mud flowing through a staircase formed of a non-closed construction between the inner layer and the layer is removed to give input to the inhaler as in electric third step.

On the other hand, in each indoor space constituting the basement layer (A) as in the third step to contain the liquids, such as water to obtain a self-weighting effect and at the same time the amount of liquids to be filled in each of the partitioned indoor spaces While maintaining the overall number average form of the basement while appropriately adjusting, the maintenance of the number average form and the settling rate of sedimentation rate can be detected by using a sensing means such as a sensor. It is desirable for the developed program to be executed automatically through the embedded computer.

On the other hand, if it is necessary to remove or recover the inhaler and the stirring screw located at the bottom after completion of the construction of the basement floor, a simple method of hypothesizing the slab of the bottom plate located at the upper side of the inhaler and the agitator in a rotatable state is provided. By adopting, the slab is rotated so that a predetermined space is provided, and then the inhaler is removed and removed through the space, and the fourth and fifth process steps are sequentially performed in the state where the slab is in the original position to complete the basement layer. .

6, a, b, and c of FIG. 6 illustrate a modified embodiment of the present invention, in which the basement layer is simply constructed without omitting the first process of the present invention and without installing the guide wall or the supporting pile. According to the first embodiment of the present invention, when the construction site area is a little wide or there are no other buildings on the adjacent site, the concrete curing panel is disposed on the excavation site in a state in which a part of the surface layer 1 is inclined in the form of a light subsoil. (9) install and pour concrete to build the basement layer (A) in advance, while the bottom surface of the lower structure through the opening formed through the construction of the ground through the crane 30 installed on the ground while continuously excavating the opening site The basement layer (A) is to be settled in the soft layer while the natural sedimentation into the soft layer, and the other finishing process is the same as the present invention. In such an embodiment, as in the present invention described above, liquids are contained in each indoor space constituting the building (basement and ground floors), and the flow of the liquids is controlled to maintain horizontal balance of the entire building. At this time, whether or not the number average type maintenance and settlement of the sedimentation speed is to use a sensing means such as a sensor, and the control of the sensing means is preferably applied to maintain the ground building sedimentation balance to be controlled automatically through a computer.

Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention which is almost similar to the first embodiment, which can be carried out when the site area of a building is rather large or when there is no other building in an adjacent site. ) Excavate and install the basement layer (A) of a predetermined structure inside, but on the ground by installing the means of the pulley (7) and the rubbing means of the curing panel (9) in the state of repeating the construction of the basement layer continuously and soft layer (5) The sedimentation process is completed and completed, and the balance maintaining method and the finishing process in the sedimentation process are made in the same manner as the present invention.

The second embodiment of the present invention can also be applied when forming a closed type without openings in the bottom surface of the basement layer.

The tea ceremony is fixed to the inner surface of the ground layer (1) with a plurality of earth anchors 31, the guide wall (4) in a state in which the ground layer (1) is excavated in a vertical state, the upper side of the guide wall (4) 7) shows a third embodiment of the present invention to build a basement layer of a predetermined structure by sequentially performing the same process as the above-described present invention in the state in which the rubbing means such as, the third embodiment of the present invention In carrying out the example, since the guide wall 4 is subject to excessive vertical force, there is a risk of collapse, and therefore it is preferable to carry out the respective process steps while maintaining the horizontal and vertical balance precisely.

Claims (10)

The basement layer (A) to be built is installed in the four-sided outline drawn by each support pile (3) while driving a plurality of supporting piles (3) from the ground layer (1) of the selected building site at appropriate intervals. The area is secured, and the inner wall of the ground layer 1 is provided with a guide wall 4 through the support pile 3, and then the inner ground layer 1 is excavated to form a soft soil layer or a soft soil layer. (5) is exposed, the first process of fixing the appropriate locking means such as the pulley (7) on the upper end of each support pile (3), and the wire rope wound on the pulley (7) installed as the locking means (8) hang the concrete curing panel (9) to be woven in a certain form to be placed on the ground in the state suspended in the state of casting concrete to lay the basement (A) substructure (A ') having a predetermined structure, Bottom of substructure A 'to be built When a plurality of openings 13 are formed through the surface 12 or the bottom frame is constructed as it is, the second process process for providing the openings 13 is provided, and when the lower structure A 'is constructed as a result of the above process, Loosen the pulley (7) to allow the substructure (A ') to settle into the soft layer (5) by its own weight, and stop the pulley (7) with the upper part of the substructure (A') positioned above the ground. After preventing the sedimentation, the structure of the upper layer structure A of the predetermined structure is connected to the exposed structure A ', and the pulley 7 is released to allow the structure sedimentation to continue into the soft layer 5 due to the great soil. As the sedimentation continues, only a portion of the upper portion of the stretched upper layer structure A ″ is positioned on the ground, stopping the pulley 7 and connecting another upper structure A ″ on the upper side thereof. To complete the construction of the basement of the structure, The third step of the process of the sedimentation of the basement layer structure in the horizontal state by using the horizontal holding means, by completing the basement layer (A) by the above process to settle the bottom of the basement layer to a predetermined position, pull the pre-installed barrier film Or deform the curing panel (9) to insert the stirring screw (17) from the ground in the state of closing the opening (13) of the bottom surface 12, stirring the "뻘" flowing into the interior through the opening (13) While sucking with the inhaler (16), while washing the inside of the basement (A) and at the same time to reconstruct the basement floor or close the temporary barrier well to form a permanent basement floor, and to perform slab installation work on each basement floor On the other hand, the fourth step of removing the stirring screw and the inhaler, and after finishing the inside of the basement layer (A) by the sequential implementation of the process, the guide wall (4) and the building body (basement 1 External wall part) is connected by fastening keys 40, wedges 41, anchor bolts, etc., or glued together with an adhesive 42 to integrate the building load to the base rock layer 2 through the support pile 3, The grouting process is performed between the base rock layer 2 and the bottom surface 12 of the basement layer A to finish the finishing process and at the same time extend the base of the lowermost column to form the plurality of steel piles 18. A method for constructing a naturally descending underground floor using self-weight of building surface, characterized in that it is configured to have a function as a foundation structure to completely support the upper structure that the sedimentation completed basement layer (A) is connected to and built on the upper side. The method of claim 1, wherein as a horizontal maintenance means of the basement structure that is settled into the soft layer (5), the liquid content such as water or bent knight having a high specific gravity is added to the internal space of the basement layer (A) to be constructed by appropriate amount. By increasing the structure, the sedimentation promoting effect of the structure can be expected and the amount of liquids filled in each internal space can be properly adjusted to maintain the number-average type of the structure to be settled. The maintenance method is a method for constructing a naturally descending basement floor using self-weight of a building, characterized in that it can be detected from the outside while installing a level or sensor at an appropriate part of the structure. The bottom structure (A ') of the basement layer (A) according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the basement (A) of the basement layer (A), which is constructed by pouring concrete while the curing panel (9) is suspended on the wire rope (8) wound around the pulley (7) It is formed by the bottom surface 20 of the permanent basement layer having no opening, and a plurality of stirring screws 21 are laid on the lower side thereof, and a plurality of inhalers 22 are inserted and installed into the soft layer 5. A method for constructing a naturally descending basement floor using self-weight of a building, characterized in that to achieve agitation and inhalation removal means for the basement (A) for sedimentation. 4. The countermeasure according to claim 3, wherein as the bottom structure A ′ of the basement layer A is formed as a permanent basement bottom surface 20 without openings, the sedimentation of the structure is not smoothly performed. A method of constructing a naturally descending underground floor using self-weight of a building, characterized in that a push-pull jockey (23) is mounted between the upper side of the outer wall and the support pile (3) to form a forced sedimentation means of the basement structure. [5] The liquid according to claim 3 and 4, wherein liquids such as water are contained in the interior space of the basement structure settled into the weak layer 5 so as to obtain a self-weight increase effect and at the same time, While maintaining the proper balance of the basement structure to maintain the horizontal and vertical balance, while maintaining the vertical, number-average type and whether the sedimentation rate is completed can be detected using a sensing means such as a sensor, the detection means The control method of the naturally descending underground floor using the weight of the building, characterized in that the program is developed according to the situation is automatically carried out through a built-in computer. According to claim 3 and 4, by temporarily installing the slab constituting the bottom surface of the lower structure (A ') of the basement layer (A) in a rotatable state, to rotate the slab when the construction of the basement floor is completed to provide a predetermined space. And removing the inhaler or the stirring screw through the space and then removing the inhaler or the stirring screw. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the first substructure A 'constituting the basement layer A is cured, the concrete curing panel 9 is removed and the wire rope 8 is directly connected to the substructure A'. A method for constructing a naturally descending underground floor using self-weight of a building, which is characterized in that the remaining construction process is carried out in a state where it is installed and suspended. The ground layer (A) of claim 1, wherein a part of the ground layer (1) of the site to be built is inclined in the form of a light beam, and concrete is cured while the concrete curing panel (9) is seated and installed in the excavation groove (B). The substructure A 'is pre-built and continuously excavated around the opening 13 of the substructure A' through the crane 30 installed on the ground, so that the substructure A 'is soft. Self-weight of the building, characterized in that the installation of the basement layer (1) in the soft layer (5) while allowing the natural sedimentation to be built into, thereby eliminating the installation of the guide wall (4) and the support pile (3), which is the first process. Method of constructing a naturally descending basement using The method according to claim 1 or 8, wherein the ground layer (1) of the building site to be excavated obliquely in the form of a light beam to form a basement layer (A) of a predetermined structure inside the pulley (7) and the like located on the ground Nature using the weight of the building, characterized in that the subterranean floor (A) in the state of hung the curing panel (9) through the ruling means to settle down into the soft floor (5) while the basement floor is completed. Falling basement construction method. The guide wall 4 is firmly attached to the inner wall of the ground layer 1 by a plurality of earth anchors 31 in a state in which the ground layer l of the building target site is excavated in a vertical state. Characterized in that the installation process of the support pile (3) is to be omitted by sequentially building the basement layer in the state that the curing panel (9) through the hanging means such as the pulley installed on the upper end of the guide wall (4). A method of constructing a naturally descending basement using the weight of a building.