CN100473790C - Tower crane foundation for construction and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种建筑用塔吊基础,包括塔吊基础承台及固定连接于塔吊基础承台下方的至少4根灌注桩,其特征在于:所述灌注桩顶部露出基底,灌注桩与建筑物底板间设置有止水结构。本发明同时公开了上述塔吊基础的制造方法。本发明针对具有超大面积多层地下室的高层建筑,采用高桩承台塔吊基础,不仅很好地解决了主楼高层缩进裙房内塔吊无法附着的问题,而且使塔吊基础的布置趋于灵活,覆盖面积更大,提前使用,使机械利用率最大化,对降低人工消耗和减少结构施工工期具有很好的效果。
The invention discloses a tower crane foundation for building, which comprises a tower crane foundation cap and at least four cast-in-situ piles fixedly connected under the tower crane foundation cap, and is characterized in that: the top of the cast-in-place pile exposes the base, and the cast-in-situ pile is connected to the building floor There is a water-stop structure in between. The invention also discloses the manufacturing method of the above-mentioned tower crane foundation. Aiming at high-rise buildings with super-large-area multi-storey basements, the present invention adopts high-pile cap tower crane foundations, which not only solves the problem that the tower cranes cannot be attached to the high-rise retracted podium of the main building, but also makes the layout of the tower crane foundations more flexible. The coverage area is larger, and it can be used in advance to maximize the utilization rate of machinery, which has a good effect on reducing labor consumption and reducing the construction period of the structure.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种用于建筑行业吊装作业的塔吊,具体涉及一种塔吊基础及其制造方法。The invention relates to a tower crane used for hoisting operations in the construction industry, in particular to a tower crane foundation and a manufacturing method thereof.
背景技术 Background technique
塔吊是建筑行业进行吊装运输作业的重要设备,大部分建筑材料的垂直运输都是由塔吊完成的。为保证塔吊的平稳运行,塔吊被安装于塔吊基础上,塔吊基础必须满足两项要求:一是将塔吊上部荷载均匀地传给地基并不得超过地耐力;二是要使塔吊在各种不利工况下均能保持整体稳定而不致倾翻。因而,塔吊基础通常由较大尺寸的混凝土承台构成。为不影响建筑主体施工,现有技术中,塔吊基础通常设置在建筑基坑中,施工时,需要开挖土方、降水、再制作塔吊基础,然而,如果停止对深基坑的降水,塔吊基础就会浸泡在水中,会影响塔吊的稳定性,因而,需要对塔吊基础单独降水,这会造成施工成本的增加。Tower cranes are important equipment for hoisting and transportation operations in the construction industry. Most of the vertical transportation of building materials is completed by tower cranes. In order to ensure the smooth operation of the tower crane, the tower crane is installed on the foundation of the tower crane. The foundation of the tower crane must meet two requirements: one is to transmit the load on the upper part of the tower crane to the foundation evenly and not exceed the ground endurance; Under all circumstances, the overall stability can be maintained without tipping over. Therefore, the tower crane foundation is usually composed of a larger size concrete cap. In order not to affect the construction of the main body of the building, in the prior art, the tower crane foundation is usually set in the building foundation pit. During construction, it is necessary to excavate earthwork, dewater, and then make the tower crane foundation. However, if the dewatering of the deep foundation pit is stopped, the tower crane foundation will It will be soaked in water, which will affect the stability of the tower crane. Therefore, it is necessary to dewater the foundation of the tower crane separately, which will increase the construction cost.
同时,随着我国城市化进程加快和建筑技术的发展,城市建设涌现出一大批高大体量建筑。其特点是单体建筑规模大,均设有超大面积多层地下室和裙房建筑,地下室基础埋深较深,占足建筑用地规划红线;主楼部分高度高,且大部分主楼缩进裙房立面的距离较大,给塔吊布置与附着带来较大难度。为解决这一问题,考虑将塔吊基础设置在裙房内,通常的方法是,在裙房内的土坑内先打四根灌注桩,然后降水,开挖土方,并在四根灌注桩上浇注塔吊基础,但采用上述现有技术中的塔吊基础结构,需要挖土降水、回填土等作业,土方施工量大,同时,需要在建筑底板层上开设用于容纳塔吊基础的通孔,在塔吊使用完成拆除后再补建底板层,在此过程中,需要持续地对该部位进行降水操作,甚至可能因此造成建筑的防水效能下降。At the same time, with the acceleration of urbanization and the development of construction technology in our country, a large number of tall and large buildings have emerged in urban construction. It is characterized by large-scale single buildings, all of which are equipped with large-scale multi-storey basements and podium buildings. The basement foundation is deeply buried, which occupies the red line of building land planning; The distance between the planes is large, which brings great difficulty to the layout and attachment of the tower crane. In order to solve this problem, it is considered to set the foundation of the tower crane in the podium. The usual method is to first drill four cast-in-place piles in the soil pit in the podium, then dewater, excavate the earth, and pour on the four cast-in-place piles. Tower crane foundation, but adopting the tower crane foundation structure in the above-mentioned prior art requires excavation, precipitation, backfilling and other operations, and the earthwork construction volume is large. After the demolition is completed, the floor is rebuilt. During this process, the site needs to be continuously dewatered, which may even result in a decrease in the waterproof performance of the building.
因而,采用现有技术制作塔吊基础,降水周期长,塔吊安装困难,塔吊使用滞后。如何在保证塔吊基础强度的同时减少降水作业的要求,并适应现代建筑高主体、大裙房的状况,是本领域所面临的难题。Therefore, using the existing technology to make the tower crane foundation, the precipitation period is long, the installation of the tower crane is difficult, and the use of the tower crane lags behind. How to reduce the requirement of dewatering operation while ensuring the foundation strength of the tower crane, and adapt to the situation of high main body and large podium of modern buildings is a difficult problem in this field.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明目的是提供一种可以设置于建筑物裙房中,不会对建筑物底板防水产生不良影响的塔吊基础,从而,构建完成后不需要再进行降水作业,以适应高主楼大裙房的现代建筑的需要。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tower crane foundation that can be installed in the podium of a building and will not adversely affect the waterproofing of the bottom plate of the building. Therefore, after the construction is completed, no more dewatering operations are required to adapt to the large podium of the high main building. The needs of modern architecture.
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种建筑用塔吊基础,包括塔吊基础承台及固定连接于塔吊基础承台下方的至少4根灌注桩,所述灌注桩顶部露出基底,灌注桩与建筑物底板间设置有止水结构。In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a tower crane foundation for construction, comprising a tower crane foundation cap and at least 4 cast-in-place piles fixedly connected under the tower crane foundation cap, the top of the cast-in-place pile is exposed to the base, and A water-stop structure is arranged between the pile and the bottom plate of the building.
上述技术方案中,根据地基条件的不同,可以采用不同的止水结构,以达到更好的效果。In the above technical solution, according to different ground conditions, different water-stop structures can be used to achieve better results.
建筑物采用天然地基时,为防止沉降不均造成的影响,优选的技术方案是,所述止水结构为,与所述灌注桩固定连接有超前止水板,灌注桩与超前止水板间设有遇水膨胀止水条,所述超前止水板与建筑物底板间经弹性材料构件连接,超前止水板与上方后浇的建筑物底板间预留沉降空间。When the building adopts a natural foundation, in order to prevent the impact caused by uneven settlement, the preferred technical solution is that the water stop structure is that an advanced water stop plate is fixedly connected with the cast-in-place pile, and the gap between the cast-in-place pile and the advance water-stop plate is fixed. Water-swelling water-stop strips are provided, and the advanced water-stop plate is connected to the building bottom plate through elastic material components, and a settlement space is reserved between the leading water-stop plate and the post-cast building bottom plate above.
其中,所述弹性材料构件包括,设置于超前止水板与建筑物底板内的一体相连的橡胶止水带、位于橡胶止水带上、下两侧泡沫塑料板的及其外侧的聚氯乙烯胶泥。Wherein, the elastic material components include a rubber waterstop that is integrally connected between the advanced waterstop and the building floor, and polyvinyl chloride on the foam plastic plates on both sides of the rubber waterstop and its lower sides and the outer side of the rubber waterstop. clay.
建筑物采用工程桩基础时,本身可有效避免沉降不均的影响,因而,优选的技术方案是,所述止水结构为,连接于建筑物底板下部的附加承台,附加承台与灌注桩间设有遇水膨胀止水条,附加承台与建筑物底板一起浇筑。When the building adopts the engineering pile foundation, it can effectively avoid the influence of uneven settlement. Therefore, the preferred technical solution is that the water stop structure is an additional cap connected to the lower part of the building floor, and the additional cap and the cast-in-situ pile There is a water-swelling water-stop strip between them, and the additional cap is poured together with the building floor.
上述建筑用塔吊基础的制造方法,包括,确定塔吊基础位置及参数、制作至少4根灌注桩、开挖土方至塔吊基础承台底部标高,在灌注桩顶部制作钢筋混凝土塔吊基础承台并预埋塔吊螺栓或塔吊标准节,所述灌注桩顶部高于基底标高,随建筑物地下室土方一起进行桩基外露部分土方开挖,开挖后在灌注桩与建筑物底板之间设置止水结构。The manufacturing method of the tower crane foundation for the above-mentioned building includes determining the position and parameters of the tower crane foundation, making at least 4 cast-in-place piles, excavating the earthwork to the bottom elevation of the tower crane foundation cap, making a reinforced concrete tower crane foundation cap on the top of the cast-in-place pile and pre-embedding Tower crane bolts or tower crane standard joints, the top of the cast-in-place pile is higher than the base elevation, and the exposed part of the pile foundation is excavated together with the earthwork of the building basement, and a water-stop structure is set between the cast-in-place pile and the building floor after excavation.
建筑物采用天然地基时,所述设置止水结构的方法是,所述设置止水结构的方法是,桩侧清理;底板垫层施工;地下室底板及超前止水板钢筋绑扎、侧模安装;桩侧止水条固定,桩侧四周均设置膨胀止水条,将桩侧基层清理干净后,采用钢钉固定膨胀止水条,止水条的铺设应形成闭合环路;超前止水板橡胶止水带安装;混凝土浇筑;其中,超前止水板与上方后浇的建筑物底板间预留沉降空间。When the building adopts a natural foundation, the method for setting the water-stop structure is that the method for setting the water-stop structure is to clean up the pile side; construct the floor cushion; bind the basement floor and the advanced water-stop plate reinforcement, and install the side form; The water stop strips on the pile side are fixed, and the expansion water stop strips are installed around the pile side. After cleaning the base of the pile side, the expansion water stop strips are fixed with steel nails. The laying of the water stop strips should form a closed loop; the advanced water stop plate rubber Waterstop installation; concrete pouring; among them, a settlement space is reserved between the advanced waterstop slab and the bottom slab of the post-cast building above.
建筑物采用工程桩基础时,所述设置止水结构的方法是,桩侧清理;底板垫层施工;地下室底板及附加承台钢筋绑扎、侧模安装;桩侧止水条固定,桩侧四周均设置膨胀止水条,将桩侧基层清理干净后,采用钢钉固定膨胀止水条,止水条的铺设应形成闭合环路;混凝土浇筑。When the building adopts the engineering pile foundation, the method for setting the water-stop structure is as follows: cleaning the pile side; construction of the floor cushion; binding of the basement floor and the additional cap reinforcement, and installation of the side form; fixing the water-stop strip on the pile side, The expansion water-stop strips are all installed. After cleaning the base of the pile side, the expansion water-stop strips are fixed with steel nails. The laying of the water-stop strips should form a closed loop; concrete pouring.
由于上述技术方案运用,本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点:Due to the use of the above-mentioned technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
1.由于本发明的灌注桩露出基底,构成高桩承台结构,减少了塔吊基础埋深,基础施工时一般不需要降水,无边坡处理,安全可靠;特别在南方沿海地区透水土层(粉土、粉砂层及粉土夹粉质粘土)埋深浅,且地下承压水位较高,采用高桩承台施工技术可以避免因塔吊基础施工而必须采取的降水措施。1. Because the cast-in-situ pile of the present invention exposes the base, constitutes the high pile cap structure, reduces the buried depth of the tower crane foundation, generally does not need precipitation during foundation construction, and has no slope treatment, which is safe and reliable; especially in the southern coastal areas, the permeable soil layer (powder Soil, silt layer and silt sandwiched with silty clay) are buried shallowly, and the underground water level is relatively high. The construction technology of high pile caps can avoid the necessary precipitation measures due to tower crane foundation construction.
2.由于本发明在灌注桩和建筑物地下室底板间设置了超前止水结构,不必进行后期降水,同时不受不良地质条件影响,在软土、填土层较厚以及地下承压水位较高的地质条件下也可进行塔吊安装布置。2. Since the present invention sets an advanced water-stop structure between the cast-in-place pile and the basement floor of the building, it is not necessary to carry out subsequent precipitation, and at the same time, it is not affected by adverse geological conditions. Tower cranes can also be installed and arranged under certain geological conditions.
3.采用本发明的结构,塔吊可以设置在基坑中间,布置灵活,很好地解决了塔吊附着问题;有效地提高了塔吊覆盖范围,提高了工作效率;塔吊基础灌注桩施工,可与前期工程桩同时施工,不占用工期,塔吊安装可在大面积土方开挖前完成,地下室底板施工时便可提前使用。3. With the structure of the present invention, the tower crane can be set in the middle of the foundation pit, and the layout is flexible, which solves the problem of tower crane attachment; effectively improves the coverage of the tower crane and improves work efficiency; The engineering piles are constructed at the same time without occupying the construction period. The installation of the tower crane can be completed before the excavation of a large area of earthwork, and it can be used in advance during the construction of the basement floor.
4.针对具有超大面积多层地下室的高层建筑,采用高桩承台塔吊基础不仅很好地解决了主楼高层缩进裙房内塔吊无法附着的问题,而且使塔吊基础的布置趋于灵活,覆盖面积更大,提前使用,使机械利用率最大化,对降低人工消耗和减少结构施工工期具有很好的效果。该方法有针对性地解决了此类工程塔吊安置的难题,为今后类似工程提供了切实可行的做法。4. For high-rise buildings with super-large multi-storey basements, the use of high-pile cap tower crane foundation not only solves the problem that the tower crane cannot be attached to the high-rise indented podium of the main building, but also makes the layout of the tower crane foundation more flexible and covering The area is larger, and it can be used in advance to maximize the utilization rate of machinery, which has a good effect on reducing labor consumption and reducing the construction period of the structure. This method solves the problem of tower crane placement in this kind of project in a targeted manner, and provides a practical approach for similar projects in the future.
5.本发明的方法虽然比传统天然地基塔吊多出桩基这部分费用,但是减少了塔吊使用数量,同时也节约了很多施工费用(如塔吊的二次安拆费、缩短工期所节省的人工材料机械费以及特殊地质情况做塔吊基础所需的降水费),节省了结构施工工期,提高了工程综合效益。5. Although the method of the present invention has more expenses for the pile foundation than the traditional natural foundation tower crane, it reduces the number of tower cranes used, and also saves a lot of construction costs (such as the secondary installation and dismantling cost of the tower crane, the labor saved by shortening the construction period) The cost of materials and machinery and the precipitation fee required for the tower crane foundation under special geological conditions) save the construction period of the structure and improve the overall benefit of the project.
附图说明 Description of drawings
附图1为本发明实施例一的高桩承台塔吊基础立面结构示意图;Accompanying
附图2为实施例一的高桩承台塔吊附着平面示意图;Accompanying
附图3为高桩承台塔吊基础受力原理图;Accompanying drawing 3 is the schematic diagram of the force bearing foundation of the high pile cap tower crane;
附图4为实施例一中塔吊基础设计流程图;Accompanying
附图5为实施例一的施工工艺流程图;Accompanying
附图6为实施例一中灌注桩与塔吊基础连接结构示意图;Accompanying
附图7为实施例一中止水结构示意图;Accompanying drawing 7 is the schematic diagram of water stop structure in embodiment one;
附图8为图7的A-A剖视示意图;Accompanying drawing 8 is the A-A sectional schematic diagram of Fig. 7;
附图9为图8的局部放大示意图;Accompanying drawing 9 is the partially enlarged schematic diagram of Fig. 8;
附图10为本发明实施例二的止水结构示意图;Accompanying drawing 10 is the schematic diagram of the waterproof structure of
附图11为实施例二中桩穿底板处补强钢筋示意图。Accompanying drawing 11 is the schematic diagram of reinforcing steel bars at the place where the pile penetrates the bottom plate in the second embodiment.
其中:1、灌注桩;2、承台;3、超前止水板;4、遇水膨胀止水条;5、橡胶止水带;6、聚氯乙烯胶泥;7、泡沫塑料板;8、附加承台。Among them: 1. Cast-in-place pile; 2. Bearing platform; 3. Advanced water-stop board; 4. Water-swellable water-stop strip; 5. Rubber water-stop belt; 6. Polyvinyl chloride cement; 7. Foam plastic board; 8. Additional podium.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步描述:The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment:
实施例一:参见附图1至附图9所示,一种建筑用塔吊基础,包括塔吊基础承台2及固定连接于塔吊基础承台下方的4根灌注桩1,所述灌注桩在安装位置下露出基底的高度为5~7米,灌注桩与建筑物底板间设置有止水结构。Embodiment 1: Referring to accompanying
本实施例的止水结构为,与所述4根灌注桩固定连接有超前止水板3,灌注桩与超前止水板间设有遇水膨胀止水条4,所述超前止水板与建筑物底板间经弹性材料构件连接,超前止水板与上方后浇的建筑物底板间预留沉降空间;所述弹性材料构件包括,设置于超前止水板与建筑物底板内的一体相连的橡胶止水带5、位于橡胶止水带上、下两侧的泡沫塑料板7及其外侧的聚氯乙烯胶泥6。The water-stop structure of this embodiment is that an advanced water-stop plate 3 is fixedly connected with the four cast-in-place piles, and a water-swelling water-
本实施例适用于有大型地下室的高层建筑以及不良地质条件下的塔吊基础施工。在桩侧土质较好的条件下,塔吊基础灌注桩露出基底部分不宜超过7m,否则应增加相应的构造加固措施。This embodiment is suitable for high-rise buildings with large basements and tower crane foundation construction under adverse geological conditions. Under the condition of good soil quality at the pile side, the exposed base part of the cast-in-situ pile of the tower crane foundation should not exceed 7m, otherwise corresponding structural reinforcement measures should be added.
参见附图1和附图2所示,通过利用高桩承台塔吊基础穿越地下室结构,实现塔吊的灵活合理布置,解决塔吊施工附着难题,地下室结构施工阶段便可提前使用,且塔吊施工覆盖范围大大增加,提高机械利用率。See attached
参见附图5所示,上述塔吊承台基础的制作包括下列步骤:Referring to shown in accompanying drawing 5, the making of above-mentioned tower crane cap foundation comprises the following steps:
(1)塔吊选址(1) Tower Crane Site Selection
塔吊选址必须考虑以下几点因素:Tower crane site selection must consider the following factors:
①塔吊位置应该选择在靠近建筑物能附着并且可以使塔吊利用率最大化的地点;① The location of the tower crane should be selected near the place where the building can be attached and the utilization rate of the tower crane can be maximized;
②塔吊位置选择时应考虑塔吊基础和塔身避开建筑物结构主梁;② When selecting the location of the tower crane, the tower crane foundation and the tower body should be considered to avoid the main beam of the building structure;
③塔吊位置选择时应考虑塔吊基础桩避开建筑物基础承台和工程桩;③ When selecting the location of the tower crane, the foundation pile of the tower crane should be considered to avoid the foundation cap of the building and the engineering pile;
④塔吊位置选择时应考虑塔吊使用完毕后可以方便安全地拆卸。④ When selecting the location of the tower crane, it should be considered that the tower crane can be disassembled conveniently and safely after use.
(2)塔吊基础方案的确定(2) Determination of tower crane foundation scheme
附图3为高桩承台塔吊基础受力原理,图中,F为塔吊垂直荷载,H为塔吊水平荷载,M1为塔吊弯矩,M2为塔吊扭矩,可将塔吊扭矩转化为水平力进行验算。Attached Figure 3 is the force principle of the tower crane foundation of the high pile cap. In the figure, F is the vertical load of the tower crane, H is the horizontal load of the tower crane, M1 is the bending moment of the tower crane, and M2 is the torque of the tower crane. The torque of the tower crane can be converted into horizontal force for checking calculation .
塔吊基础应遵循的设计流程详见附图4所示,在进行基础设计时,应计算和验算的项目包括:The design process that the tower crane foundation should follow is shown in Figure 4. During the foundation design, the items that should be calculated and checked include:
①承台抗剪切计算、承载力验算和配筋计算;① Cap shear calculation, bearing capacity check calculation and reinforcement calculation;
②桩基竖向承载力验算;②Pile foundation vertical bearing capacity check;
③桩基沉降计算;③Pile foundation settlement calculation;
④水平承载力(含扭矩作用)验算和位移计算;④Horizontal bearing capacity (including torque action) check calculation and displacement calculation;
⑤桩身承载力验算和桩身压屈验算;⑤ check calculation of bearing capacity of pile body and buckling of pile body;
⑥桩配筋计算。⑥ Pile reinforcement calculation.
根据计算结果确定塔吊基础的各项参数,并确定施工方案。Determine the parameters of the tower crane foundation according to the calculation results, and determine the construction plan.
(3)灌注桩施工(3) Construction of cast-in-situ piles
根据各地地质情况的不同,可采用不同的沉桩工艺。本实施例以泥浆护壁钻孔灌注桩为例进行说明。According to the different geological conditions in various places, different pile sinking techniques can be used. This embodiment is described by taking the bored pile with mud retaining wall as an example.
施工工艺流程如下:The construction process is as follows:
桩定位→埋设护筒→备制泥浆→钻孔桩机就位→校正水平垂直度→成孔清孔→钢筋笼制作/安置→导管→二次清孔→浇捣混凝土→试块留设Pile positioning→burying casing→mud preparation→drilling pile machine in place→correcting level and verticality→hole cleaning→reinforcement cage making/placement→conduit→secondary hole cleaning→pouring and pounding concrete→test block setting
施工方法:Construction method:
①桩孔定位①Pile hole positioning
桩基的轴线和高程的控制桩,应设置在不受打桩影响的地点,并应妥善加以保护。灌注桩位置按照设计图纸的尺寸,根据控制桩基准点,由专业人员准确地投放每一根桩的中心点,并作明显的标志,然后按照桩孔及护筒直径放出灰线。桩位的投放允许偏差应满足《建筑地基基础工程施工质量验收规范》(GB50202-2002)的规定要求。The axis and elevation control piles of the pile foundation should be set at places not affected by pile driving and should be properly protected. The position of cast-in-place piles shall be in accordance with the size of the design drawings, and according to the reference point of the control piles, the center point of each pile shall be accurately placed by professionals, and marked clearly, and then the gray line shall be released according to the diameter of the pile hole and casing. The allowable deviation of the placement of piles should meet the requirements specified in the "Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Building Foundation Engineering" (GB50202-2002).
②埋设护筒②Buried casing
护筒位置应埋设准确和稳定,护筒与坑壁之间应用粘土填实。护筒排浆(进浆)口应与泥浆沟相通,护筒中心线与桩位中心线偏差不得大于50mm。The position of the casing should be buried accurately and stably, and the space between the casing and the pit wall should be filled with clay. The slurry discharge (slurry inlet) port of the casing should be connected with the mud ditch, and the deviation between the centerline of the casing and the centerline of the pile position shall not be greater than 50mm.
护筒的埋设深度在粘性土中不宜小于1m,在砂土及松软填土中不宜小于1.5m。护筒上口应高出地面100~200mm。The buried depth of the casing should not be less than 1m in cohesive soil, and should not be less than 1.5m in sandy soil and soft fill. The top of the casing should be 100-200mm above the ground.
护筒一般应用工具式钢护筒。护筒内径应大于钻头直径。The casing generally uses a tool type steel casing. Casing inner diameter should be larger than drill bit diameter.
③备制泥浆③ Preparation of mud
施工开始阶段设置泥浆储浆池、沉淀池等相应的泥浆处理设施。制备泥浆时,宜经充分搅拌并通过振动筛、旋流器除去石粒等杂质,经沉淀后,进入储浆池备用。通过泥浆池循环和浇筑水下混凝土时置换排出的泥浆,亦通过振动筛、旋流器、沉淀池等净化再生处理。Corresponding mud treatment facilities such as mud storage tanks and sedimentation tanks shall be set up at the initial stage of construction. When preparing mud, it should be fully stirred and impurities such as stone particles should be removed through vibrating screens and cyclones. After sedimentation, it should be put into the mud storage tank for standby. The mud that circulates through the mud pool and is replaced when pouring underwater concrete is also purified and regenerated through vibrating screens, cyclones, sedimentation tanks, etc.
④钻孔桩机就位及校正水平垂直④ Positioning of bored pile driver and correction of horizontal and vertical
钻机就位应保持平衡,在钻井作业时,不致发生倾斜、移位。当用回转钻时,应事先在两个方向用经纬仪或吊锤测定钻杆垂直度,使钻杆垂直偏差控制在2‰以内。The drilling rig should be kept balanced when in place, so as not to tilt or shift during drilling operations. When a rotary drill is used, the verticality of the drill pipe should be measured in two directions in advance with theodolite or hanging hammer, so that the vertical deviation of the drill pipe should be controlled within 2‰.
钻头对孔应准确。钻头中心与护筒中心的偏差宜控制在15mm以内。当为冲击钻时,宜控制在30mm以内。The drill bit should be accurate to the hole. The deviation between the center of the drill bit and the center of the casing should be controlled within 15mm. When it is a percussion drill, it should be controlled within 30mm.
钻机调整后,应立即在钻机底部按机型具体构造,采取可靠措施固定,防止钻进时受力引起机架位移。After the drilling rig is adjusted, it should be fixed at the bottom of the drilling rig according to the specific structure of the model, and reliable measures should be taken to prevent the rack from being displaced due to force during drilling.
⑤成孔清孔⑤ hole clearing
钻孔一般在开始初期用慢速,待成孔5m以上,检查钻杆垂直度确能保证成孔垂直度允许偏差,各方面均正常运转时,方可开始加速。进入持力层,应根据土层具体情况,开始用慢速,再逐步加速。对于淤泥和淤泥质土及易塌孔的土层时,应降至最慢速,并减少泥浆循环速度和加大泥浆相对密度,避免因泥浆内产生过大涡流冲刷孔壁。每钻进4~5m以及孔斜、缩颈、塌孔处理后,应及时检查钻孔垂直度及孔径,一般可用检孔器检查,及时发现并处理问题。Drilling is generally performed at a slow speed at the beginning. After the hole is more than 5m long, the verticality of the drill pipe can be checked to ensure the allowable deviation of the verticality of the hole. When all aspects are operating normally, the speed can be started. When entering the bearing layer, you should start with a slow speed according to the specific conditions of the soil layer, and then gradually speed up. For silt and muddy soil and soil layers that are prone to hole collapse, the speed should be reduced to the slowest, and the mud circulation speed should be reduced and the relative density of the mud should be increased to avoid scouring the hole wall due to excessive eddy currents in the mud. After every 4-5m of drilling and treatment of hole inclination, necking, and hole collapse, the verticality and diameter of the drilled hole should be checked in time. Generally, a hole detector can be used to check, so that problems can be found and dealt with in time.
当钻孔至设计要求深度后,应开始清孔。对以原土造浆正循环作业且土质较好的钻孔,可使钻机空转不进尺,待钻渣基本排除,进行射水。再以小相对密度泥浆置换,到排出的泥浆相对密度与进浆相等或相近时,以手捻泥浆无砂粒感觉时为清孔合格。当为反循环作业时,应按土质情况从护筒口放入清水或泥浆,采用换浆法清孔。当排出的泥浆相对密度分别达到与正循环作业相同指标时为合格。When the hole is drilled to the depth required by the design, the hole cleaning should be started. For drilling holes with good soil quality and positive cycle operation using raw soil slurry, the drilling rig can be idled without drilling footage, and the drilling slag is basically eliminated before water injection. Then replace it with mud with a small relative density. When the relative density of the discharged mud is equal or similar to that of the incoming mud, it is qualified to clear the hole when there is no sand grain feeling in the hand-twisted mud. When it is a reverse circulation operation, clean water or mud should be put in from the mouth of the casing according to the soil quality, and the hole should be cleared by changing the slurry. When the relative density of the discharged mud reaches the same index as that of the positive circulation operation, it is qualified.
清孔终结前,应在距孔底200~500mm处取浆样。钻孔达到设计标高,浇筑混凝土前,孔底500mm以内的泥浆相对密度应<1.25,含砂率≤8%,粘度≤28S。灌注混凝土前,孔底沉渣厚度指标应符合下列规定:端承桩≤50mm,摩擦桩≤150mm。Before the completion of hole cleaning, a slurry sample should be taken at a distance of 200-500mm from the bottom of the hole. Drilling reaches the design elevation. Before pouring concrete, the relative density of the mud within 500mm of the hole bottom should be <1.25, the sand content should be ≤8%, and the viscosity should be ≤28S. Before pouring concrete, the thickness index of sediment at the bottom of the hole should meet the following requirements: end-bearing piles ≤ 50mm, friction piles ≤ 150mm.
整个成孔、清孔过程中,应由专人经常检测并做好施工记录。During the whole process of forming and clearing holes, special personnel should frequently inspect and make construction records.
钻进出现缩颈、塌孔时,应立即投入粘土块,使钻头慢速空转不进尺,并降低泥浆输入速度,进行固壁,然后慢速钻进通过。当泥浆突然漏失时,亦应立即按上法回填粘土,待泥浆面不下降,再开始钻进。当钻孔倾斜或孔径不规则时,可往复提钻,从上到下进行扫孔。When necking and hole collapse occur during drilling, clay blocks should be put in immediately to make the drill bit idle at a slow speed without drilling footage, and reduce the mud input speed to solidify the wall, and then drill through at a slow speed. When the mud leaks suddenly, the clay should be backfilled immediately according to the above method, and the drilling should not start until the mud level does not drop. When the drilling hole is inclined or the hole diameter is irregular, the drill can be lifted back and forth to sweep the hole from top to bottom.
⑥钢筋制作⑥ Rebar production
钢筋笼可在基地制作成品,然后运输到现场待用。钢筋笼应按设计图纸制作,并使其具有一定刚度和整体性,保证在运输和吊装过程中不变形,宜采用螺旋或焊接环形箍筋,逐点与主筋焊牢。钢筋笼下口宜稍微弯折成倒锥台状,使其吊装入孔较为方便。制作标准按设计图以及规范进行控制,其检验标准见下表。The steel cage can be finished at the base and then transported to the site for use. The reinforcement cage should be made according to the design drawings, and it should have a certain rigidity and integrity to ensure that it will not be deformed during transportation and hoisting. It is advisable to use spiral or welded ring-shaped stirrups, which are welded to the main reinforcement point by point. The lower opening of the reinforcement cage should be slightly bent into an inverted cone shape, so that it is more convenient to hoist into the hole. The production standards are controlled according to the design drawings and specifications, and the inspection standards are shown in the table below.
表混凝土钢筋笼质量检验标准表Table Concrete Reinforcement Cage Quality Inspection Standard Table
放置钢筋笼以笼顶标高为准,标高允许偏差≤±100mm。钢筋笼吊起并垂直扶正后,沿导向钢筋(管)缓缓下放到底,然后将导向钢筋吊起。导向钢筋一般可不到底,有孔深的1/2或6~8m长即可,并临时固定,为防止浇筑混凝土时钢筋笼位移,必须将钢筋笼上口与护筒上口固定好,可用短钢筋焊接。如果钢筋笼太长,并受起吊高度限制时,可将钢筋笼分段吊放入孔,在孔口进行接长。Place the reinforcement cage based on the height of the cage top, and the allowable deviation of the height is ≤±100mm. After the reinforcement cage is hoisted and straightened vertically, it is slowly lowered to the bottom along the guide reinforcement (pipe), and then the guide reinforcement is hoisted. Generally, the guide steel bar can not reach the bottom, only 1/2 of the hole depth or 6-8m long can be used, and it can be fixed temporarily. Rebar welding. If the reinforcement cage is too long and limited by the lifting height, the reinforcement cage can be hoisted into the holes in sections and lengthened at the opening.
⑦导管⑦ Catheter
导管直径一般为200~250mm,根据孔径大小选择壁厚不宜小于3mm,管壁内光滑平整,分节长度可为1m、2m、4m、6m不等。组装时,上端应由数节1~2m短管,下端可用长管,最下端管口应焊设加劲箍。管间接头用丝扣连接,亦可用法兰连接。The diameter of the catheter is generally 200-250mm, and the wall thickness should not be less than 3mm according to the size of the aperture. When assembling, the upper end should be composed of several 1-2m short pipes, the lower end can be long pipes, and the bottom end of the pipe should be welded with stiffening hoops. The pipe-to-pipe joints are connected with screws, and can also be connected with flanges.
导管应安装于桩孔中心,如用隔水栓时导管底端到孔底距离必须比隔水栓长向尺寸大300mm~500mm,以确保隔水栓从管底顺利排出。应将导管沉入孔底,做出标记后再提起,至符合上述规定后固定。导管上口应与混凝土储料斗下口直接连接,且高于泥浆面适当距离,一般不宜小于3m。The conduit should be installed in the center of the pile hole. If a water stopper is used, the distance from the bottom of the conduit to the bottom of the hole must be 300mm to 500mm larger than the length of the water stopper to ensure that the water stopper is discharged from the bottom of the pipe smoothly. The catheter should be sunk into the bottom of the hole, raised after marking, and fixed after meeting the above requirements. The upper opening of the conduit shall be directly connected to the lower opening of the concrete storage hopper, and shall be at an appropriate distance above the mud surface, generally not less than 3m.
⑧二次清孔⑧Secondary hole cleaning
混凝土浇筑前,必须复测孔底沉渣厚度,如超过要求应进行二次清孔。清孔相关流程、标准符合上述步骤⑤清孔内容。Before concrete pouring, the thickness of the sediment at the bottom of the hole must be re-measured, and if it exceeds the requirements, the hole should be cleaned again. The relevant procedures and standards for hole cleaning are in line with the content of the
⑨浇筑混凝土⑨Pouring concrete
浇筑前做导管密封性试验,防止漏气漏水。初灌时,初灌方量应满足导管底端能一次埋入混凝土中0.8m~1.2m为准。Before pouring, do the duct sealing test to prevent air leakage and water leakage. During the initial pouring, the amount of initial pouring should be such that the bottom end of the conduit can be buried in the concrete 0.8m ~ 1.2m at a time.
随着混凝土的上升,导管也相应提升或拆卸,但应保证管端底部埋入混凝土面以下2~3m,不宜大于6m,且任何情况下不得小于1m。混凝土应连续浇筑,不得中断,并应加快浇筑速度。As the concrete rises, the conduit is also lifted or dismantled accordingly, but the bottom of the pipe end should be buried 2 to 3m below the concrete surface, and should not be greater than 6m, and in any case not less than 1m. Concrete should be poured continuously without interruption, and the pouring speed should be accelerated.
桩顶端混凝土面浇筑标高必须比设计标高至少高出1倍桩径,且≥0.5m,并观察冒出的混凝土不含泥渣方可,以便凿除桩顶混凝土后,能保证设计的桩顶面混凝土质量。The pouring elevation of the concrete surface at the top of the pile must be at least 1 times the pile diameter higher than the design elevation, and ≥ 0.5m, and it must be observed that the emerging concrete does not contain mud, so that after the pile top concrete is removed, the designed pile top can be guaranteed. Surface concrete quality.
⑩试块制作⑩Test block making
灌注时现场随机抽取混凝土样制作同条件养护试块,塔吊安装前送压检测。During pouring, concrete samples are randomly selected on site to make test blocks for curing under the same conditions, and the tower crane is sent for pressure testing before installation.
由此完成灌注桩施工。This completes the cast-in-place pile construction.
(4)桩基检测(4) Pile foundation detection
桩基按照《建筑地基基础工程施工质量验收规范》(GB50202-2002)的要求进行全数桩身完整性检测。The pile foundation shall be inspected for the integrity of all piles in accordance with the requirements of the "Code for Construction Quality Acceptance of Building Foundation Engineering" (GB50202-2002).
(5)塔吊基础施工(5) Tower crane foundation construction
塔吊基础的施工工艺流程为:The construction process of the tower crane foundation is as follows:
定位放线及高程测量→基础土方开挖→混凝土垫层浇筑→桩与承台连接处理→基础钢筋、模板施工→塔吊螺栓预埋→基础混凝土浇筑→混凝土养护Positioning and setting out and elevation measurement→excavation of foundation soil→pouring of concrete cushion→connection treatment of piles and caps→construction of foundation reinforcement and formwork→pre-embedment of tower crane bolts→pouring of foundation concrete→concrete curing
施工方法包括:Construction methods include:
①定位放线及高程测量①Positioning and laying out and height measurement
根据灌注桩所标出桩孔十字线,放出承台外边线;根据现场标准高程及相关设计文件,确定承台标高及土方开挖深度。According to the pile hole cross line marked by the cast-in-situ pile, release the outer edge of the cap; according to the site standard elevation and related design documents, determine the elevation of the cap and the depth of earthwork excavation.
②基础土方开挖② Foundation earthwork excavation
根据确定的开挖深度,挖至设计标高。According to the determined excavation depth, excavate to the design elevation.
③混凝土垫层浇筑③Concrete cushion pouring
土方开挖结束后,按照放出的边线,用木方支设垫层混凝土模板,浇筑混凝土。After the excavation of the earthwork is completed, according to the released edge line, the concrete formwork of the cushion layer is supported by wooden squares, and the concrete is poured.
④桩与塔吊基础连接处理④ Connection between pile and tower crane foundation
基底开挖后,为便于截桩标高的控制,考虑截桩处理工作放在混凝土垫层浇筑完成后进行。灌注桩按桩顶设计标高以上部分混凝土凿除,桩的纵向钢筋直接与塔吊基础锚固,锚固长度不得小于40d(d为钢筋直径);桩基顶面要求桩嵌入承台100mm。详细连接结构参见附图6所示。After foundation excavation, in order to facilitate the control of pile elevation, it is considered that the processing of pile cutting should be carried out after pouring of concrete cushion. The concrete of the cast-in-situ pile is chiseled out according to the design elevation of the pile top, and the longitudinal steel bar of the pile is directly anchored to the foundation of the tower crane. The anchorage length shall not be less than 40d (d is the diameter of the steel bar); See Figure 6 for the detailed connection structure.
⑤塔吊基础钢筋、模板施工及塔吊螺栓预埋⑤ Tower crane foundation reinforcement, formwork construction and tower crane bolt pre-embedding
根据方案所确定的基础配筋,经钢筋翻样复核无误后,将料单交付车间进行制作,及时运至现场,并按构件号编号,分类堆放。According to the basic reinforcement determined in the plan, after re-checking the reinforcement samples, the bill of materials will be delivered to the workshop for production, transported to the site in time, and classified and stacked according to the component number.
D≥22mm钢筋采用等强对接焊或机械连接,其余的可采用搭接接头。在同一截面上钢筋接头数量不得超过全部钢筋的50%,钢筋接头部位应错开,相邻接头间距不小于36d。钢筋连接接头质量应符合相应验收规范的规定,事先做好连接试件。D≥22mm steel bars are connected by equal-strength butt welding or mechanical connection, and the rest can be connected by lap joints. The number of steel bar joints on the same section shall not exceed 50% of all steel bars, the joints of steel bars shall be staggered, and the distance between adjacent joints shall not be less than 36d. The quality of the steel bar connection joints should meet the requirements of the corresponding acceptance specifications, and the connection test pieces should be prepared in advance.
塔吊基础所用钢筋的型号、规格、间距应严格按设计图纸绑扎,并设置好钢筋保护层垫块。The type, specification and spacing of the steel bars used in the foundation of the tower crane should be bound strictly according to the design drawings, and the steel bar protective layer pads should be set up.
塔吊基础等模板采用18厚木胶合板(胶合模板的板后拼挡和楞木采用50×100木方),支撑体系采用ф48×3.5钢管扣件体系。基础模板根据现场人员放出的基础边线进行搭设。18-thick wood plywood is used for tower crane foundation and other templates (50×100 wood squares are used for the back block and corrugated wood of the glued template), and the support system adopts ф48×3.5 steel pipe fastener system. The basic template is set up according to the basic edge released by the on-site personnel.
根据塔吊说明书标明的间距、选材,进行塔吊支脚螺栓的预埋,预埋螺栓需经过检测合格后方可使用。According to the spacing and material selection indicated in the tower crane manual, pre-embed the tower crane foot bolts, and the pre-embedded bolts can only be used after passing the inspection.
⑥塔吊基础混凝土浇筑⑥ Concrete pouring of tower crane foundation
基础混凝土浇筑采用汽车泵直接泵送入模。混凝土分层浇筑,用插入振捣器振捣,避免漏振(振捣棒的插点间距应≤@300,浇上层混凝土时,振捣棒插入下层混凝土内的深度应≥100),并振捣至混凝土表面无汽泡翻出。The foundation concrete is poured directly into the mould, using an automobile pump. Concrete is poured in layers, and vibrated with an inserted vibrator to avoid vibration leakage (the distance between the insertion points of the vibrator should be ≤@300; when pouring the upper layer of concrete, the depth of the vibrator inserted into the lower layer of concrete should be ≥100), and vibrate Pound until no air bubbles come out on the surface of the concrete.
⑦混凝土养护⑦ Concrete maintenance
混凝土的养护工作应有专人负责实施,在混凝土构件表面盖湿草袋进行保温保湿养护。混凝土的养护时间及有关要求等按规范规定执行。The maintenance of concrete should be carried out by special personnel, and wet grass bags should be covered on the surface of concrete components for heat preservation and moisturizing maintenance. Concrete curing time and related requirements shall be implemented in accordance with the regulations.
(6)在实际施工中,此时可同时进行塔吊安装(6) In actual construction, tower crane installation can be carried out at the same time
塔吊安装应严格按照相关塔吊说明书及《建筑机械使用安装技术规程》JGJ33-2001中的相关规定进行安装。安装过程中,必须分阶段进行技术检验。安装完毕后应进行整机技术检验和调整,检验合格后方可交付使用。The installation of the tower crane should be carried out in strict accordance with the relevant regulations of the tower crane manual and the "Technical Regulations for the Use and Installation of Construction Machinery" JGJ33-2001. During the installation process, technical inspections must be carried out in stages. After the installation is completed, the technical inspection and adjustment of the whole machine should be carried out, and it can be delivered for use after passing the inspection.
(7)桩间土方开挖(7) Excavation of earthwork between piles
桩基外露部分土方开挖随地下室土方一起开挖,为避免机械开挖对桩身的损坏,桩间土方以及桩外侧周围1000mm范围以内采用人工方式分层对称开挖,在整个土方开挖过程对桩基进行实时监测。The excavation of the exposed part of the pile foundation is excavated together with the earthwork of the basement. In order to avoid damage to the pile body by mechanical excavation, the earthwork between the piles and within 1000mm around the outside of the pile are manually excavated in layers and symmetrically. During the entire earthwork excavation process Real-time monitoring of pile foundations.
(8)高桩承台塔吊基础与建筑物周边结构关系的处理(8) Treatment of the relationship between the tower crane foundation of the high pile cap and the surrounding structure of the building
桩基穿底板处理:Pile foundation through the bottom plate treatment:
本实施例适用于建筑物采用天然地基的场合,其底板处理的工艺流程为:This embodiment is applicable to the occasion where the building adopts natural foundation, and the technological process of its floor treatment is as follows:
桩侧清理→底板垫层施工→地下室底板及超前止水带底板钢筋绑扎、侧模安装→桩侧止水条固定、超前止水带底板橡胶止水带安装→混凝土浇筑→塔吊停止使用后拆除→高桩承台塔吊基础凿除至超前止水带板顶面→砂石垫层填筑→后浇部分钢筋连接、施工缝处理→后浇部分混凝土浇筑Pile side cleaning→base plate cushion construction→basement bottom slab and advanced waterstop bottom slab reinforcement binding, side formwork installation→pile side waterstop fixation, advanced waterstop bottom plate rubber waterstop installation→concrete pouring→tower crane dismantle after stop using → The foundation of the high pile cap tower crane is chiseled to the top surface of the advanced water stop slab → The sand and gravel cushion is filled → Part of the post-cast reinforcement connection and construction joint treatment → Part of the post-cast concrete pouring
在承压水位较高的地质情况下,为避免塔吊基础穿越地下室结构部位施工降水,塔吊基础桩四周外围设置超前橡胶止水带底板,以满足桩基础与天然地基筏板基础之间变形沉降需要,避免对原地下室结构产生不利影响,具体位置及做法参见附图7至附图9所示。Under the geological conditions with high confined water level, in order to prevent the tower crane foundation from passing through the basement structure for construction and precipitation, an advanced rubber waterstop bottom plate is set around the foundation pile of the tower crane to meet the deformation and settlement needs between the pile foundation and the natural foundation raft foundation , to avoid adverse effects on the original basement structure, the specific location and method are shown in attached drawings 7 to 9.
止水板部位随周围底板一起浇筑,上部预留200mm,待塔吊基础拆除后采用砂石垫层填至地下室底板底作为后浇板带底模,其余部位做法同后浇带做法。止水板与建筑物底板的连接处,由橡胶止水带5连接,橡胶止水带的上、下两侧设置50mm的聚乙烯泡沫塑料板7,其外侧为聚氯乙烯胶泥6。The part of the waterstop is poured together with the surrounding floor, and 200mm is reserved for the upper part. After the tower crane foundation is removed, sand and gravel cushions are used to fill the bottom of the basement floor as a bottom formwork for the post-casting plate belt. The remaining parts are the same as the post-casting belt method. The junction of the water stop board and the building floor is connected by a
桩侧四周均设置膨胀止水条,将桩侧基层清理干净后,采用钢钉固定膨胀止水条。止水条的铺设应形成闭合环路,铺设的延伸途中不得留有断点。预埋铁钉的间距,须严格控制,其密度须满足止水条铺设的稳固要求。The expansion water-stop strips are installed around the pile side. After cleaning the base of the pile side, the expansion water-stop strips are fixed with steel nails. The laying of waterstop strips should form a closed loop, and no breakpoints should be left during the extension of the laying. The spacing of embedded iron nails must be strictly controlled, and its density must meet the stability requirements for laying waterstop strips.
底板与塔吊桩基础交接部位按后浇带设置,钢筋预留插筋,并在后浇带部分增设按原钢筋截面一半的加强钢筋,断开处钢筋待塔吊基础拆除后采用机械连接。The junction between the bottom plate and the tower crane pile foundation is set according to the post-casting belt, and the steel bars are reserved for inserting bars, and the reinforced steel bar is added to the part of the post-casting belt with half the cross-section of the original steel bar. The steel bars at the disconnection are mechanically connected after the tower crane foundation is removed.
后浇部位待桩基凿除后进行施工,后浇部位混凝土采用与相邻结构混凝土抗渗等级相同,且混凝土强度等级高一级的补偿收缩混凝土进行浇筑,养护时间不少于28天。The post-casting part shall be constructed after the pile foundation is chiseled out. The concrete of the post-casting part shall be poured with shrinkage-compensated concrete with the same impermeability grade as the adjacent structural concrete and a higher concrete strength grade. The curing time shall not be less than 28 days.
防渗漏措施:Anti-leakage measures:
穿顶板的洞口处混凝土采用比结构混凝土高一级等级的微膨胀防水混凝土,并在顶板上设置附加防水层。洞口处断开钢筋连接采用机械连接。混凝土采用与相邻结构混凝土抗渗等级相同,且混凝土强度等级高一级的补偿收缩混凝土进行浇筑;浇筑完成后及时做好养护工作,养护时间不应少于14天。The concrete at the opening of the roof is made of micro-expansion waterproof concrete one level higher than the structural concrete, and an additional waterproof layer is set on the roof. Mechanical connections are used to disconnect the steel bars at the openings. Concrete shall be poured with shrinkage-compensated concrete with the same impermeability grade as the concrete of the adjacent structure, and a higher concrete strength grade; after the pouring is completed, the maintenance work shall be done in time, and the curing time shall not be less than 14 days.
实施例二:参见附图10和附图11所示,一种建筑用塔吊基础,包括塔吊基础承台2及固定连接于塔吊基础承台下方的4根灌注桩1,所述灌注桩在安装位置下露出基底的高度不少于3米,灌注桩与建筑物底板间设置有止水结构。Embodiment 2: Referring to accompanying drawings 10 and 11, a tower crane foundation for construction includes a tower
本实施例的止水结构为,连接于建筑物底板下部的附加承台8,附加承台与灌注桩间设有遇水膨胀止水条4,附加承台与建筑物底板一起浇筑。The water-stop structure of this embodiment is an additional cap 8 connected to the lower part of the building floor, and a water-expandable water-
本实施例适用于建筑物采用工程桩基础的场合,其制作方法与实施例一类似,其中,不同处为底板的处理,底板处理的工艺流程为:This embodiment is applicable to the occasion where the building adopts the engineering pile foundation, and its manufacturing method is similar to
桩侧清理→底板垫层施工→地下室底板及增设附加承台钢筋绑扎、侧模安装→桩侧止水条固定→混凝土浇筑(桩周围板面预留50mm后浇)→塔吊停止使用后拆除→高桩承台塔吊基础凿除至底板顶面→预留50mm部位细石混凝土填筑Pile side cleaning→floor cushion construction→basement bottom slab and additional cap reinforcement binding, side formwork installation→pile side water stop strip fixing→concrete pouring (reserve 50mm for the slab around the pile before pouring)→remove the tower crane after it stops using→ The tower crane foundation of the high pile cap is chiseled to the top surface of the floor → 50mm is reserved for filling with fine stone concrete
根据底板自身厚度情况,可以采用底板下附加承台与底板下不附加承台两种结构,附图10是附加承台的结构示意图,附加承台混凝土与底板一起浇筑,桩身四周均设置膨胀止水条,底板浇筑时板面预留50mm,待塔吊桩基凿除后,用同等级细石混凝土填筑。According to the thickness of the bottom slab, two structures can be adopted: additional cap under the bottom slab and no additional cap under the bottom slab. Attachment 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the additional cap. For the water-stop strip, 50mm is reserved for the slab surface when pouring the bottom slab. After the tower crane pile foundation is chiseled off, fill it with fine stone concrete of the same grade.
该处混凝土采用与相邻结构混凝土抗渗等级相同,且混凝土强度等级高一级的补偿收缩混凝土进行浇筑,养护时间不少于14天。The concrete at this place is poured with shrinkage-compensated concrete with the same impermeability grade as the concrete of the adjacent structure and a higher concrete strength grade, and the curing time is not less than 14 days.
底板钢筋被桩身截断部分设置补强钢筋,其结构参见附图11所示。Reinforcing steel bars are provided at the section where the bottom plate steel bar is cut off by the pile body, and its structure is shown in Figure 11.
为验证本发明方法的实用性,本发明的申请人在自行承担的工地中在保密状态下进行了工程试验,试验结果如下列应用例所示:In order to verify the practicability of the inventive method, the applicant of the present invention carried out an engineering test in a confidential state in a construction site undertaken by himself, and the test results are as shown in the following application examples:
应用例一:Application example one:
东盛步行街主体土建及安装工程位于吴江市盛泽镇市场路,虹盛宾馆对面,设计时共分A、B、C三个区。工程总建筑面积为102838m2,其中地下一层约为23000m2,为地下超市、车库和设备用房,部分兼作人防,框架结构。地上由A、B、C三个区块组成,互相联通,面积约为80000m2,1-5层为商用裙房约60000m2;B、C区各设一幢16层公寓,两幢公寓面积共计20000m2左右,为框剪结构。由于工程体量大,工期紧,涉及大地下室和裙房的施工,故选用了以高桩承台为基础形式的塔吊,既解决了高层部分在裙房中间塔吊无法附着的问题,又赶在土方开挖结束前安装完塔吊,为地下室的施工创造了条件,节省了地下室施工工期10天,综合节省了施工费用15万元。The main civil engineering and installation project of Dongsheng Pedestrian Street is located on Shishi Road, Shengze Town, Wujiang City, opposite to Hongsheng Hotel. It is divided into three areas: A, B, and C during design. The total construction area of the project is 102,838m 2 , of which the basement floor is about 23,000m 2 , which is an underground supermarket, garage and equipment room, part of which is also used as civil air defense, and has a frame structure. The ground is composed of three blocks A, B, and C, interconnected with each other, with an area of about 80,000m 2 , and the 1st-5th floors are commercial podiums of about 60,000m 2 ; Blocks B and C each have a 16-story apartment building, and the area of the two apartments is A total of about 20,000m 2 is a frame-shear structure. Due to the large volume of the project, the tight construction period, and the construction of the large basement and podium, the tower crane based on the high pile cap was selected, which not only solved the problem that the tower crane could not be attached to the high-rise part in the middle of the podium, but also rushed in The installation of the tower crane before the end of the earthwork excavation created conditions for the construction of the basement, saved 10 days of the construction period of the basement, and saved a comprehensive construction cost of 150,000 yuan.
应用例二:Application example two:
苏州工业园区海天广场工程占地面积19354m2,总建筑面积168478.77m2,地上125801m2,地下42677m2,其中A区:商场26882m2,写字楼34873m2;B区:商场26645m2,高层公寓37401m2。本工程地下室2层,地上由2幢塔楼:写字楼20层建筑高度77.75m(2~6轴/B~J轴),公寓楼22层建筑高度77.60m(17~25轴/B~J轴),4层裙房组成。该工程体量大且基坑四周采用了基坑围护措施,地下室范围紧贴基坑围护边,传统塔吊基础无空间放置,且高层部分缩进裙房中间,塔吊附着长度有一定限制。综合上述情况,本申请人选用了高桩承台基础作为本工程所用两台塔吊基础,塔吊基础基桩采用¢850mm的混凝土灌注桩,上部设置5000×5000×1350方形承台基础,经过本工程的实际检验,高桩承台塔吊基础取得了很好的使用效果,最大程度的发挥了塔吊的功效,节省了施工工期10天,与传统基础形式相比较综合节省了施工费用6万元。Suzhou Industrial Park Haitian Plaza project covers an area of 19354m 2 , with a total construction area of 168478.77m 2 , 125801m 2 above ground and 42677m 2 underground, of which Area A: 26882m 2 shopping malls, 34873m 2 office buildings; Area B: 26645m 2 shopping malls, 37401m 2 high-rise apartments . The project has 2 floors in the basement and 2 towers on the ground: the 20-story office building has a building height of 77.75m (2-6 axis/B-J axis), and the 22-story apartment building has a building height of 77.60m (17-25 axis/B-J axis) , composed of 4 floors of podium. The project has a large volume and foundation pit protection measures are adopted around the foundation pit. The basement area is close to the foundation pit enclosure. There is no space for the traditional tower crane foundation, and the high-rise part is indented in the middle of the podium, and the attachment length of the tower crane is limited. Based on the above situation, the applicant selected the high pile cap foundation as the foundation of the two tower cranes used in this project. The foundation pile of the tower crane adopts ¢850mm concrete pouring pile, and the upper part is equipped with a square cap foundation of 5000×5000×1350. The actual test shows that the tower crane foundation of the high pile cap has achieved good results, and the effect of the tower crane has been maximized, saving the construction period by 10 days. Compared with the traditional foundation form, it has saved a comprehensive construction cost of 60,000 yuan.
应用例三:Application example three:
苏州工业园区时代广场N2N5工程为框剪结构,N2为地下二层,地上九层和十九层;N5为地下两层,地上二至三层,总建筑面积为127323m2,(其中N2面积为84651m2,N5面积为47071.5m2),地下室部位总建筑面积47577.4m2,(N2地下室面积18381m2、N5地下室面积29196.4m2),N2总高80.80m,N5总高15.50m。该工程施工场地狭小,地下室边线紧靠基坑围护边线,且地下室体量相当大,工期需要在120天内完成地下室结构施工,鉴于上述情况,传统塔吊基础放置不仅受到空间、利用率限制,且N2高层部位无法附着,故采用高桩承台塔吊基础,在土方开挖初期进行塔吊基础的施工,土房开挖结束前,塔吊便可投入使用,没有占用相对紧张的工期,为确保地下室按期完成施工创造了良好的条件,节省了施工工期5天。仅以N5工程测算,与采用4台塔吊、传统基础形式相比较综合节省了施工费用33.6万元。The N2N5 project of Times Square in Suzhou Industrial Park is a frame-shear structure, N2 is two floors underground, nine and nineteen floors above ground; N5 is two floors underground, two to three floors above ground, with a total construction area of 127323m 2 84651m 2 , N5 area is 47071.5m 2 ), the total building area of the basement is 47577.4m 2 , (N2 basement area is 18381m 2 , N5 basement area is 29196.4m 2 ), the total height of N2 is 80.80m, and the total height of N5 is 15.50m. The construction site of the project is narrow, the basement sideline is close to the sideline of the foundation pit enclosure, and the basement volume is quite large. The construction period needs to be completed within 120 days. In view of the above situation, the traditional tower crane foundation placement is not only limited by space and utilization rate, but also The high-rise part of N2 cannot be attached, so the tower crane foundation with high pile caps is used. The tower crane foundation construction is carried out at the initial stage of earthwork excavation. Completing the construction created good conditions and saved 5 days of construction period. Only based on the N5 project calculation, compared with the use of 4 tower cranes and the traditional foundation form, the construction cost has been saved by 336,000 yuan.
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