KR950033329A - 냉동 시스템 - Google Patents

냉동 시스템 Download PDF

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KR950033329A
KR950033329A KR1019950011368A KR19950011368A KR950033329A KR 950033329 A KR950033329 A KR 950033329A KR 1019950011368 A KR1019950011368 A KR 1019950011368A KR 19950011368 A KR19950011368 A KR 19950011368A KR 950033329 A KR950033329 A KR 950033329A
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nitrogen
air
rich air
expanded
iii
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KR1019950011368A
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폴 밀러 제레미
데이비드 스미스 콜린
존 알람 로드니
너트 제임스 토팜 안소니
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윌리암 에프. 마쉬
에어 프로덕츠 앤드 케미칼스, 인코오포레이티드
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Application filed by 윌리암 에프. 마쉬, 에어 프로덕츠 앤드 케미칼스, 인코오포레이티드 filed Critical 윌리암 에프. 마쉬
Publication of KR950033329A publication Critical patent/KR950033329A/ko

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/004—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0249—Controlling refrigerant inventory, i.e. composition or quantity
    • F25J1/025—Details related to the refrigerant production or treatment, e.g. make-up supply from feed gas itself
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J1/0284—Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/912—Liquefaction cycle of a low-boiling (feed) gas in a cryocooler, i.e. in a closed-loop refrigerator

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

공기를 냉매로 사용하는 냉동 시스템으로공기를 84 바아 게이지 압력으로 압축시키는 압축기를 구비한다. 압축된 공기를 먼저 냉각수로 냉각된 다음 팽창기에서 59 바아 게이지 압력으로 팽창되기 전에 그 공기를 평면핀 열교환기내로 복귀시킨다. -61℃에서 팽창된 공기는 -45℃에서 빠져나가게 되는 냉각 스토어내의 간접 냉각 코일을 통과한다. 그 다음 이 공기 압축기로 재순환되지 전에 평면핀 열교환기를 통과한다. 냉동 송급율은 입력 전력 1kw당 약1.05kw 이다.

Description

냉동 시스템
본 내용은 요부공개 건이므로 전문내용을 수록하지 않았음
제1도는 본 발명의 제1실시예를 도시한 플로우챠트, 제2도는 본 발명의 제2실시예를 도시한 프로우챠트.

Claims (21)

  1. (ⅰ) 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 20내지 140바아 게이지 압력으로 압축시키는 압축기; (ⅱ) 상기 압축된 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 냉각시키는 열교환기; (ⅲ) 상기 냉각 압축 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 15 내지 110 바아 게이지 압력으로 팽창시키는 팽창기; (ⅳ) 냉각 팽창된 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 수용하는 냉각 장치; 그리고, (ⅴ) 상기 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 냉각시키도록 -20도 내지 -120℃에서 상기 냉각 장치로부터 상기 열교환기로 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 이송시키는 수단을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉동 시스템.
  2. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 공기,질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 상기 압축기로 재순환시키는 수단을 추가로 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉동 시스템.
  3. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 열교환기는 평면핀 열교환기인 것을 특징으로 하는 냉동 시스템.
  4. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 압축기는 구동샤프트 혹은 기어 장치를 경유하여 상기 팽창기에 연결되므로 사용시, 팽창기의 회전 속도는 압축기의 회전 속도에 불변의 비율인 것을 특징으로 하는 냉동 시스템.
  5. 냉동 시스템의 조작방법으로 : (ⅰ)공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 20내지 140 바아 게이지 압력으로 압축시키는 단계; (ⅱ) 상기 압축된 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 열교환기에서 냉각시키는 단계; (ⅲ) 상기 압축된 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 15 내지 110 바아 게이지 압력으로 팽창시키는 단계; (ⅳ) 냉동 공간을 냉각시키도록 상기 팽창된 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 사용하는 단계; (ⅴ) 상기 팽창된 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 -20 내지 -120℃ 온도에서 상기 냉동 공간으로부터 인출하는 단계; (ⅵ) 팽창전에 상기 압축된 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 적어도 일부 냉각시키도록 상기 냉동 시스템에서 인출되는 상기 팽창된 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 사용하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉동 시스템의 조작 방법.
  6. 제5항에 있어서, 상기 팽창된 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 -20 내지 -100℃ 온도에서 냉동 공간으로부터 인출되는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉동 시스템의 조작 방법.
  7. 제5항에 있어서, 상기 단계(ⅲ)에서 팽창된 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기의 입력은 상기 단계(ⅰ)에서 압축된 공기압이 0.6 내지 0.85배인 것을 특징으로 하는 냉동 시스템의 조작 방법.
  8. 제5항에 있어서, 재압축을 위해 상기 단계(ⅳ)이후, 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 재순환시키는 단계를 추가로 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉동 시스템의 조작 방법.
  9. 제5항에 있어서, 상기 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 70 내지 100 바아 게이지 압력으로 압축되는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉동 시스템의 조작방법.
  10. 제9항에 있어서, 상기 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 80 내지 90 바아 게이지 압력으로 압축되는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉동 시스템의 조작방법.
  11. 제8항에 있어서, 상기 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 50 내지 80 바아 게이지 압력으로 팽창되는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉동 시스템의 조작방법.
  12. 제11항에 있어서, 상기 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 50 내지 70 바아 게이지 압력으로 팽창되는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉동 시스템의 조작방법.
  13. 제8항에 있어서, 상기 팽창된 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기는 상기 냉동 공간으로부터 -30 내지 -100℃ 온도에서 인출되는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉동 시스템의 조작방법.
  14. 제13항에 있어서, 상기 팽창된 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기는 상기 냉동 공간으로부터 -30 내지 -50℃ 온도에서 인출되는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉동 시스템의 조작방법.
  15. 제14항에 있어서, 상기 팽창된 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기는 상기 냉동 공간으로부터 -35 내지 -45℃ 온도에서 인출되는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉동 시스템의 조작방법.
  16. 제15항에 있어서, 상기 팽창된 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기는 상기 냉동 공간으로부터 -70 내지 -90℃ 온도에서 인출되는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉동 시스템의 조작방법.
  17. 제16항에 있어서, 상기 팽창된 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기는 상기 냉동 공간으로부터 -75 내지 -85℃ 온도에서 인출되는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉동 시스템의 조작방법.
  18. 냉동 시스템의 조작방법으로 : (ⅰ)공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 20 내지 140 바아 게이지 압력으로 압축시키는 단계; (ⅱ) 상기 압축된 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 열교환기에서 냉각시키는 단계; (ⅲ) 상기 압축된 공기,질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 15 내지 110 바아 게이지 압력으로 그리고, 상기 단계(ⅰ)로 부터의 압축된 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기 압력의 0.6 내지 0.85 배의 압력으로 팽창기에서 팽창시키는 단계; (ⅳ) 냉동 공간을 냉각시키도록 상기 팽창된 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 사용하는 단계; (ⅴ) 상기 팽창된 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 -20 내지 -120℃온도에서 상기 냉동 공간으로부터 인출하는 단계; (ⅵ) 팽창전에 상기 압축된 공기, 질소 혹은 농후 공기를 적어도 일부 냉각시키도록 상기 냉동 시스템에서 인출되는 상기 팽창된 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 상기 열교환기로 주입시키는 단계; 그리고 (ⅶ)) 재압축을 위해 상기 단계 (ⅵ)로 부터의 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기를 재순환시키는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉동 시스템의 조작 방법.
  19. 제18항에 있어서, 상기 팽창된 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기 -20 내지 -100℃ 온도에서 냉동 공간으로부터 인출되는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉동 시스템의 조작방법.
  20. 제18항에 있어서, 상기 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기는 70 내지 100 바아 게이지 압력으로 압축되는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉동 시스템.
  21. 제18항에 있어서, 상기 팽창된 공기, 질소 혹은 질소 농후 공기는 상기 냉동 공간으로부터 -30 내지 -100℃ 온도에서 인출되는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉동 시스템.
    ※ 참고사항 : 최초출원 내용에 의하여 공개하는 것임.
KR1019950011368A 1994-05-16 1995-05-10 냉동 시스템 KR950033329A (ko)

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ES2133613T3 (es) 1999-09-16
EP0683364B1 (en) 1999-07-14
CA2149192A1 (en) 1995-11-17
EP0683364A2 (en) 1995-11-22
US5483806A (en) 1996-01-16
ZA953918B (en) 1996-01-17
CA2149192C (en) 2000-08-15
DE69510728D1 (de) 1999-08-19
DE69510728T2 (de) 1999-11-18
EP0683364A3 (en) 1996-06-12
GB9409754D0 (en) 1994-07-06

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