KR920010496B1 - Vehicle brake system - Google Patents

Abstract

The brake system has an oil fan (2) integral with wheel support frame (20), to separate rotary force from the driving rotary shaft (1) by the force of electromagnet (c) and then reduce the rotary force of wheel (26) by supplying oil pressure by an oil fan (2) through oil supply valve (V1,V2,V3). The oil fan (2) consist of inside fan (5) and outside oil fan (5') mounted at the wheel for oil supply via respective valves (V1,V2) corresponding to the oil fans (5,5'). The vanes (5a,5a') mounted at the oil fans (5,5') are inclined opposite to each other.

Description

Vehicle braking system

1 is a partial perspective view of the present invention.

Figure 2 is an assembly longitudinal cross-sectional view of the braking device applied to the rear wheel of the rear wheel drive vehicle in the present invention.

3 is a braking device applied to a front wheel of a rear wheel drive vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 4 is an exploded perspective view showing a coupling state of the bearing support and the disk plate support fixed to the shaft of the apparatus.

5 is an electric circuit diagram of the present invention.

* Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings

1: Drive shaft 1 ': Fixed shaft

2: oil pan 3: bearing support

4 bearing 5 inner oil fan

5 ': Oil pan case 6: Oil pan case

7: inside oil supply port 8: outside oil supply port

9: Internal and external oil supply port 10: Oil pan support replacement

11: disc plate support 12: disc plate support bearing

13: spring 14: disc drum

15: disc plate 16: disc plate protector

18: thrust bearing 19: spring

20: wheel support 21: disk plate separation cable

C: Electromagnet V ₀ -V ₃ : Valve

S ₁ : Brake switch S ₂ : Emergency reverse selection switch

S ₃ : Emergency forward selector switch S ₄ : Rotation direction sensor

S ₅ : Rotational speed sensor

The present invention relates to a safety brake device of a vehicle.

A brake system of a vehicle is a device used to maintain a parking state at the same time as decelerating or stopping a driving vehicle. In general, a brake system converts a kinetic energy into thermal energy using a friction force and releases it into the atmosphere. Doing.

The brake system is divided into two types, the main brake (service brake) mainly used for driving and the parking brake (parking brake) used for parking a car. The operation method of the brake system is mechanical or hydraulic. In addition, brakes using pneumatic and hydraulic power are widely known.

Conventionally, foot brakes have a structure in which a braking force is generated by attaching a friction member to a brake drum or a brake disk that is coupled to an inner side of a wheel and using the friction force. In other words, in the case of hydraulic brakes, the Pascal principle is applied. When the pedal is pressed, hydraulic pressure is generated in the master cylinder, and the hydraulic pressure is transmitted to the wheel cylinder, and the brake shoe is pushed onto the drum to generate braking force. It is supposed to be.

However, such a frictional braking device has a drawback in that the braking distance is very long and a strong braking force cannot be obtained. On the other hand, the applicant of the present application is applying the patent application No. 90-7299 to compensate for the shortcomings of the general braking device to realize rapid braking and safety braking of the car, in this case, In case of sudden braking, when the vehicle is pushed forward by the inertia after stopping the wheel drum, the oil pan installed outside the wheel drum can be reversed by hydraulic or pneumatic to reduce the braking distance of the vehicle. When driving on snowy or rainy roads, a sudden braking of the car creates a risk of accidents. The driver may be embarrassed or in an emergency situation by stopping the wheel drums temporarily by using the brakes. When sliding, the oil pan can be operated better than the existing anti-lock brake method (A, B, S method). Blinking reverse rotation is made to absorb the inertia force as much as possible, but it is designed to coexist existing mechanical hydraulic brake and electrohydraulic brake device using oil pump in hub in narrow drum, causing excessive waste of installation cost. Due to the complexity of the structure, the basic brake (wheel drum stop) wastes time, and due to the dual structure of the brake system, there is a problem inherent in maintenance and parts replacement.

In addition, the car always adjusts the deceleration, slowing, and stopping by brakes.When the driver presses the brake pedal, the force is grounded on each wheel by brake pedal → master cylinder → wheel cylinder → lining expansion or compression. This is because the driver has to press the master cylinder strongly with the foot (foot type), because the braking effect is high, that is, the brake pedal has to be compressed strongly. It has been a cause of occupational disease due to excessive stress on the knees, and it also uses lining to increase the braking effect of the car. Asbestos is mixed with the material of the lining. Has been the cause of industrial pollution, etc. Problem of deterioration of braking force of brake due to water inflow between drum and lining due to rain, and use of brake for a long time when descending long slopes for a long time. It has been a factor in causing device failure. In addition, wheel drums and linings are consumable parts, resulting in economic and time-consuming waste, such as the need to change them every few months.

The present invention excludes and eliminates the braking method based on the Pascal principle of the conventional automobile braking system, and installs a separate powerful braking oil pump or an air comb, and then moves the hydraulic or pneumatic pressure as necessary during brake operation. Alternatively, the oil pan can be operated semi-permanently by simple structure and operation such as electro-hydraulic type, and it can maintain its life semi-permanently.The basic braking, reverse rotation, flashing reverse rotation, etc. Safety braking is carried out as needed, and the hydraulic or pneumatic pressure generated by the oil pump or aircomb can be transferred directly to the wheels (oil pan) to emergencyly drive the car without using the existing power train in an emergency. By adding a function, emergency driving can be carried out to close distance without the help of towing. Even when you go up the ice slope or start after stopping, the oil fan is driven by the organic action of the electrical and mechanical devices using the hydraulic or pneumatic pressure generated by the oil pump or aircomb. It will be possible to provide a device with a variety of functions, such as to be able to easily solve this problem.

That is, it provides universal braking device with basic braking operation, safety braking operation (reverse rotation operation, flashing reverse rotation operation), and emergency driving operation. When the vehicle is normally moved forward or backward, the propulsion shaft direction of the engine (mushion → propeller shaft- The hydraulic pressure is transmitted to Daewoo → Propulsion Shaft → Wheels and Wheels) .In case of emergency driving or brake operation, oil pressure or air pump → Supply valve → Oil fan (wheel) is used to transfer hydraulic pressure. Braking is performed.

In addition, the hydraulic pressure or pneumatic pressure generated by the oil pump or the air compressor operates the oil supply valve and the return valve according to the operation of the brake switch (on), intermittent (off), that is, time (speed) and volume (intensity). The on / off control operation selects a mechanical hydraulic brake switch or an electronic rotary switch. Also, when the vehicle is completely stopped, the stop oil supply valve is operated to safely stop the vehicle.

In addition, the present invention is to make the detection of the rotation direction, the rotational speed of the oil pan by a sensor installed inside the oil pan, so that braking, deceleration, emergency drive, etc. in accordance with the rotation of the oil pan is more specifically Explained as follows.

The hydraulic or pneumatic pressure generated by the oil pump or air compressor is designed to stop the oil pan at any time. That is, the oil pumped from the oil pump is supplied to each oil supply valve (V ₁ ) (V ₂ ) (V ₃ ), but their return valve (V ₁ '~ V ₃ ') is not activated (on). In this case, the oil return valve (V ₀ ) is directly returned to the oil pump, and the oil supply valves (V ₁ to V ₃ ) and the return valve (V) connected to the oil supply ports (7) (8) and (9) of the oil pan. _{When 1} '~ V ₃ ' is activated (on), the oil return valve (V ₀ ) is automatically interrupted (off) and the hydraulic pressure (oil) is the oil supply valve (V ₁ ~ V ₃ ) and the return valve (V ₁ '). Circulation through the oil pump through ~ V ₃ ').

″형 내외측오일공급구(9)는 내측오일팬(5)과 외측오일팬(5')에 동시에 연결된다. 그리고 각 오일배출구(7')(8')(9')는 상기의 오일공급구(7)(8)(9)와 대응 설치되어 각자 귀환밸브(V₁')(V₂')(V₃')를 지나 오일펌프로 귀환토록 설계된다.In the present invention, the oil pan 2, which is integrally installed with the wheel support 20, is configured integrally, and is composed of an inner oil pan 5 and an outer oil pan 5 'having different functions. As an outer edge, an oil pan case in which an inner oil supply port 7, an outer oil supply port 8, an inner and outer oil supply port 9, and an oil discharge port 7 ′, 8 ′, 9 ′ are installed therethrough ( 6) is installed. Wherein the inner oil supply port 7 is connected to the inner oil pan 5, and the outer oil supply port 8 is connected to the outer oil fan 5 ′, and ″

The inner and outer oil supply holes 9 are simultaneously connected to the inner oil pan 5 and the outer oil pan 5 '. Each oil outlet 7 ', 8', 9 'is installed in correspondence with the above oil supply ports 7, 8, 9, and each of the return valves V ₁ ', V ₂ ', (V). _{It is} designed to return to the oil pump after ₃ ').

In addition, each of the oil outlet (7) (8) (9) is connected to the oil supply valve (V ₁ ) (V ₂ ) (V ₃ ) to which the oil pump and oil return valve (V ₀ ) is connected. A bearing 4 is fitted into the oil pan 2, and a driving pivot 1 or a fixed shaft 1 ′ into which the bearing support 3 is fixed is inserted. The disk pan 14 on the disk is attached to the oil pan 2, that is, the inner oil fan 5, and a rotation direction sensor S ₄ and a rotation speed sensor S ₅ are installed on the circumferential surface thereof.

As shown in FIG. 4, the bearing support 3 fixed to the driving rotary shaft 1 or the fixed shaft 1 'is provided with a coupling hole 3a having an angle formed at one side thereof, and the coupling hole 3a is provided. A multi-stage disk plate support 11 is fitted. That is, the left coupling protrusion 11a of the disk plate support 11 is fitted so that the two members are slidably moved from side to side in a state where two members are not completely separated, and a spring 13 having weak forces is installed.

In addition, in the polygonal coupling portion 11b formed at the center of the disk plate support 11, the disk plate 15, the disk plate guard 16, the thrust when installed on the drive rotary shaft 1 as shown in FIG. The bearing 18 is integrally inserted, and the disk plate 15 is installed to correspond to the disk drum 14 attached to the oil pan 2, but normally (during brake non-braking) of the strong spring 19 Due to the force of the force on the left side in the drawing is strongly adhered to the disk drum 14, and during brake braking is installed so as to fall a certain interval under the influence of electromagnet (C).

On the other hand, in the case of being installed on the fixed shaft (1 ') as shown in FIG. 3, only the disk plate 15 and the disk plate guard 16 are inserted into and installed on the coupling portion 11b of the disk plate support 11. The guard 16 is pulled by the disk plate separating cable 21 which is supported by a spring 19 but connected to the hand brake via the usual link mechanism. In the drawings, reference numeral: 22 is an anchor plate, 23 is a wheel bolt.

Referring to the operation and effect of the present invention configured as a rear wheel drive vehicle, for example, the operation of the brake system can be divided into basic braking, safety braking, and emergency driving. When explaining the basic braking operation, FIG. In the state where the electromagnet C is ″ off ″, the spring 19 pushes the thrust bearing 18 attached thereto to the left in the drawing, so that the disk plate support 11 fixedly inserted therein slides to the left, so that the oil pan Since the disk plate 15 is in close contact with the disk drum 14 attached to the (2), the driving force transmitted from the driving rotary shaft 1 is transmitted to the disk plate support 11 via the bearing support 3, and the disk plate The oil pan 2 is rotated in the same direction as the drive shaft 1 because the oil drum 2 is transmitted to the disk drum 14 via the wheel 15, and the rotational force is transmitted to the tire 24 via the wheel support 20. Will be The whole is rotated so that the forward or reverse operation of the vehicle is performed, and in this case, the wheel plate is separated from the disc drum 14 by the disc plate separating cable 21 so that the oil pan (2) Only the rotation is to drive the front wheels.

However, when the driver presses the brake pedal to reduce or stop the speed while driving, the brake switch S _{1 as} shown in FIG. 5 turns on and the relay R ₁ is turned on so that its contact point a (R _1-a ) is connected to the electromagnet (C) is driven to attract the thrust bearing 18 as shown in Fig. 2, so that the spring 19 was pushing the disk plate 15 is the oil pan (2) It is to be separated from the disk drum 14 of this time the elastic force of the spring 13 is installed between the bearing support (3) and the disk plate support (11) also acts together, the coupling protrusion of the disk plate support (11) ( 11a) falls slightly to the right from the coupling hole 3a of the bearing support 3, but the two are not completely separated.

That is, the rotational force of the drive shaft 1 is still transmitted to the disk plate 15 via the bearing support 3 and the disk plate support 11 inserted therein, but the rotational force is transmitted to the disk drum 14 and the disk plate 15. ) Is separated and can no longer be delivered.

As described above, the disk plate 15 is separated by the driving of the electromagnet C, and the wheel rotation direction (electrostatic or reverse) is detected by the rotation direction sensor S ₄ installed on the circumferential surface of the disk drum 14. In addition, the rotational speed of the wheel is detected by the rotational speed sensitivity sensor (S ₅ ) (here, detecting the stop state of the wheel), that is, when the contact a (R _1-a ) of the relay (R ₁ ) becomes ″ ON ″ Since the contact point a _1-a of the relay R ₁ which has blocked the operation of the detection sensor S ₄ (S ₅ ) is ″ ON ″, its operation is performed. Here, if it is found that the wheel is in the forward rotation (forward of the vehicle), the open oil return valve (V ₀ ) is blocked and the oil pan (2) is rotated in the reverse direction (to rotate the wheel in the reverse direction). Since the oil supply valve V ₁ is opened, the forward braking of the wheel is made by preventing the turning power of the oil pan 2. In other words, in Fig. 5, the contact a ₁ (R _1-a ) of the relay R ₁ is turned on, the forward detecting contact S4F is turned on, and the rotational speed sensor S ₅ is turned off. In other words, since the rotational speed is not 0, its contact b (S _5-b ) is in a connected state, so the forward braking oil supply valve (V ₁ ) connected to the inner oil supply port (7) is opened, and the oil is turned into the inner oil supply port ( 7) it is discharged to the inner oil fan (5). Then, since the discharge oil pressure (pressure oil) slightly strikes the blade 5a in the inner oil pan 5, which is installed in a large number, the oil pan 2 that is rotating in the forward direction is gradually attenuated and stopped. That is, composed of a complete stop of the car velocity attenuation or speed (where the forward (power), so the brake oil supply valve (V ₁₎ open in his contact b (V _1-b) drops of the oil-return valve (V ₀₎ Is blocked)

In this way, when the vehicle is completely stopped (complete stop of the oil pan 2), safety braking is performed. That is, since the stop output is outputted by the rotation speed sensor S ₅ , the contact point a _5- S of the contact is turned on and the contact point S _5-b is turned off. (V ₁ ) is blocked, and at the same time the stop oil supply valve (V ₃ ) is opened to supply the oil into the oil pan (2) through the inner and outer oil supply (9). That is, since the oil pressure is simultaneously supplied to the inner oil fan 5 and the outer oil fan 5 ', the electrostatic rotational power and the reverse rotational power are acted equally, so that the sum of the forces becomes zero, so that the oil pan 2 is completely stopped. will be.

On the other hand, if you press the brake pedal during the reverse of the vehicle, the rotation direction sensor (S ₄ ) detects the reverse rotation of the wheel (reverse), so open the reverse braking oil supply valve (V ₂ ) (at this time oil return valve ( V ₀ ) is closed) Since the oil is discharged to the outer oil fan 5 'through the outer oil supply port 8, the rotation of the oil pan 2 which has been rotated in the reverse direction (reverse direction of the vehicle) is prevented. That is, since a plurality of blades 5a 'installed inclined to the outer oil pan 5' (as opposed to the inclination direction of the blade 5a of the inner oil fan 5) is struck, the reverse rotational force is attenuated to stop the oil pan 2. It is to be made. In this case, if the rotation of the wheel stops, the contact a (S _5-a ) of the rotational speed sensor (S ₅ ) is turned on, and the contact b (S _5-b ) is turned off to supply reverse braking oil. By closing the valve (V ₂ ) and opening the stop oil supply valve (S ₃ ) at the same time, oil is supplied to the inner oil fan (5) and the outer oil fan (5 ′) to keep the vehicle continuously stopped. Will be.

If you need to stop or park the car for a long time, release the footbrake pedal and pull the handbrake to keep the car stationary. That is, when the hand brake is pulled, as shown in FIG. 3, the pulling force of the disk plate separation cable 21, which is pulling the disk plate 15 installed on the front wheel, is released and the disk plate 15 is resilient to the spring 19. ) Is moved to the left side and is bitten by the disc drum 14, so that the oil pan 2 is fixed to the fixed shaft 1 'through the disc plate 15 even if the hydraulic pressure that has stopped the oil pan 2 is removed. In this state, the vehicle can be stopped or parked for a long time.

Subsequently, the emergency drive operation of the device is described. In general, a two-wheel drive car adopting a front wheel drive or a rear wheel drive is predominant. In such a reality, a four-wheel drive (4WD) is sometimes realized. The production and installation cost of the four-wheel drive system is expensive, so it is not practically widely used, and it usually runs good roads. If you are driving on an ice path and you want to start again after stopping, you want to have a car that can drive all four wheels.In the present invention, a normal car is two-wheel drive, that is, all-wheel drive or after driving. It is wheel drive to give quick power of power train and it is inexpensive In case of emergency (emergency), it is possible to supply the car directly, so that the wheel can be driven directly by the hydraulic or pneumatic pressure generated by the oil pump or aircomb by selecting a simple switch as needed, so that it can be easily escaped from an emergency situation. At the same time, in case of an emergency caused by a failure of the power transmission device, it is possible to overcome the situation. When the driver wants to drive the car forward, the driver presses the emergency forward switch S _{3 of} FIG. ₃ ) is driven so that the contact a (R _3-a ) is "on", the electromagnet C is driven to separate the disk plate 15, and the reverse braking oil supply valve V ₂ is opened. Since the oil pan 2 is forwardly rotated in the forward direction while being supplied into the outer oil fan 5 ', the vehicle moves forward in a four-wheel drive manner. In addition, if you want to emergencyly reverse the car by hydraulic power, press the emergency reverse switch (S ₂ ) of FIG. 5 so that the relay (R ₂ ) is driven so that the contact a (R _2-a ) is `` on ''. After the electromagnet C is driven to separate the disk plate 15, the reverse oil supply valve V ₁ is opened. As the oil is supplied into the inner oil pan 5, the oil pan 2 is moved in the reverse direction. Because it reverses, the car retracts backwards in four-wheel drive. In the case of emergency driving speed control, emergency driving speed regulating valve can be installed separately to adjust the forward and backward speed during emergency driving.

As described above, when the brake pedal is pressed, the brake switch S ₁ is turned `` on '' and the oil supply valve V ₁ and V ₂ are shut off and the stop oil supply valve is stopped. (V ₃ ) is opened and the oil pan 2 is completely stopped to stop the vehicle.

On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for braking more safely in performing basic braking. In other words, the oil supply valve (V ₁ ) (V ₂ ) is interrupted so that the oil supplied to the oil pan (2) in the basic braking process can be repeatedly performed instead of continuous supply. It may work.

In this way, the present invention is to provide a semi-permanent brake system by removing the relevant parts (lining, etc.) applied to the existing brake system and installing an oil pan integrally connected with the tire to perform brake braking by hydraulic or pneumatic pressure. It is possible to prevent the lining dust pollution of the conventional lining, and also has the advantage of saving time and waste of replacement parts.

In addition, in the present invention, the emergency drive is possible, so in case of failure of the driving device, the brake device can be driven emergencyly so that the vehicle can be moved to a safe place. Since the four-wheel drive is possible by the brake device, if the car is in an emergency situation (some wheels of the car fall into a bog, an ice road, etc.), there is an advantage that can be easily solved.

The scope of the present invention can be easily mounted and used in motorcycles, airplanes, etc. in addition to such automobiles.

Claims (7)

In constructing a braking device that is simultaneously applied to the driving rotary shaft 1 or the fixed shaft 1 ′ of an automobile, an oil pan 2 integrally installed with the wheel support 20 is provided to drive the electromagnet C. By separating the rotational force with the drive rotary shaft (1) by the oil supply valve (V ₁ ) (V ₂ ) (V ₃ ) at the same time so that the hydraulic (pneumatic) is supplied to the oil pan (2) wheels (26) A braking device for a vehicle, characterized in that the rotational force of the vehicle is reduced and stopped. The oil pan (2) fixed to the wheel (26) is divided into an inner oil pan (5) and an outer oil pan (5 '), and thus the inner and outer oil pans (5) (5'). The braking device for a vehicle, characterized by distinguishing between forward braking and reverse braking of the vehicle by the hydraulic supply of the oil supply valve (V ₁ ) (V ₂ ) installed correspondingly. 3. The braking device for a vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the blades (5a) and (5a ') provided on the inner oil fan (5) and the outer oil fan (5') are inclined opposite to each other. The oil pan of claim 1, wherein the oil pan is slidably moved from side to side in a state in which a coupling hole 3a is formed at one side of the bearing support 3 fixed to the driving rotary shaft 1, and the disk plate support 11 composed of multiple stages is connected. (2) the braking device for a vehicle, characterized in that the disk drum (14) attached to the disk plate support (11) and the disk plate (15) attached to the separation and coupling is made. 5. The vehicle braking apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the coupling holes 3a of the bearing support 3 and the engaging protrusions 11a and the coupling portion 11b of the disk plate support 11 are formed in polygons. . 5. The braking device for a vehicle according to claim 4, wherein a weak force (13) is provided between the bearing support (3) and the disk plate support (11). The disk plate guard 16 with the disk plate 15 attached thereto is fixed to the disk plate support 11 provided in the fixed shaft 1 ', and fixed thereto. The disk plate separating cable 21 connected to the hand brake is connected so that the disk drum 14 attached to the oil pan 2 and the disk plate 15 can be manually separated by the operation of the hand brake. Vehicle braking device, characterized in that.

Images