KR20250107943A - 향상된 성질 및 성능을 나타내는 중합체 중간층 및 이로부터 형성된 다층 패널 - Google Patents

향상된 성질 및 성능을 나타내는 중합체 중간층 및 이로부터 형성된 다층 패널 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
KR20250107943A
KR20250107943A KR1020257021543A KR20257021543A KR20250107943A KR 20250107943 A KR20250107943 A KR 20250107943A KR 1020257021543 A KR1020257021543 A KR 1020257021543A KR 20257021543 A KR20257021543 A KR 20257021543A KR 20250107943 A KR20250107943 A KR 20250107943A
Authority
KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
less
polymer layer
poly
resin
nominal thickness
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
KR1020257021543A
Other languages
English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
준 루
Original Assignee
솔루티아인코포레이티드
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 솔루티아인코포레이티드 filed Critical 솔루티아인코포레이티드
Publication of KR20250107943A publication Critical patent/KR20250107943A/ko
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10559Shape of the cross-section
    • B32B17/10568Shape of the cross-section varying in thickness
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • B32B27/22Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using plasticisers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/306Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/263Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer having non-uniform thickness
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/02Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • B32B7/022Mechanical properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/02Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • B32B7/027Thermal properties
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01Head-up displays
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0149Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/033 layers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/24All layers being polymeric
    • B32B2250/246All polymers belonging to those covered by groups B32B27/32 and B32B27/30
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/40Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • B32B2307/102Insulating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/544Torsion strength; Torsion stiffness
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/546Flexural strength; Flexion stiffness
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/558Impact strength, toughness
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00Vehicles
    • B32B2605/006Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01Head-up displays
    • G02B2027/0192Supplementary details
    • G02B2027/0194Supplementary details with combiner of laminated type, for optical or mechanical aspects

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
KR1020257021543A 2016-03-04 2017-02-21 향상된 성질 및 성능을 나타내는 중합체 중간층 및 이로부터 형성된 다층 패널 Pending KR20250107943A (ko)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/061,418 2016-03-04
US15/061,418 US10525675B2 (en) 2016-03-04 2016-03-04 Polymeric interlayers and multiple layer panels made therefrom exhibiting enhanced properties and performance
PCT/US2017/018631 WO2017151345A1 (en) 2016-03-04 2017-02-21 Polymeric interlayers and multiple layer panels made therefrom exhibiting enhanced properties and performance
KR1020187025378A KR20180120690A (ko) 2016-03-04 2017-02-21 향상된 성질 및 성능을 나타내는 중합체 중간층 및 이로부터 형성된 다층 패널

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
KR1020187025378A Division KR20180120690A (ko) 2016-03-04 2017-02-21 향상된 성질 및 성능을 나타내는 중합체 중간층 및 이로부터 형성된 다층 패널

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
KR20250107943A true KR20250107943A (ko) 2025-07-14

Family

ID=58314497

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
KR1020257021543A Pending KR20250107943A (ko) 2016-03-04 2017-02-21 향상된 성질 및 성능을 나타내는 중합체 중간층 및 이로부터 형성된 다층 패널
KR1020187025378A Ceased KR20180120690A (ko) 2016-03-04 2017-02-21 향상된 성질 및 성능을 나타내는 중합체 중간층 및 이로부터 형성된 다층 패널

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
KR1020187025378A Ceased KR20180120690A (ko) 2016-03-04 2017-02-21 향상된 성질 및 성능을 나타내는 중합체 중간층 및 이로부터 형성된 다층 패널

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (2) US10525675B2 (https=)
EP (1) EP3423272A1 (https=)
JP (1) JP6956732B2 (https=)
KR (2) KR20250107943A (https=)
CN (1) CN109070547B (https=)
MX (1) MX2018010075A (https=)
TW (1) TWI698349B (https=)
WO (1) WO2017151345A1 (https=)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11718702B2 (en) * 2018-02-02 2023-08-08 Ddp Specialty Electronic Materials Us, Llc Adhesive useful for installing vehicle windows
KR20200118016A (ko) * 2018-02-02 2020-10-14 세키스이가가쿠 고교가부시키가이샤 접합 유리용 중간막, 롤체 및 접합 유리
KR20220115616A (ko) * 2019-12-19 2022-08-17 솔루티아인코포레이티드 다양한 두께의 외부 스킨 층을 갖는 쐐기형 다층 중간층
FR3108060B1 (fr) 2020-03-12 2022-03-04 Saint Gobain Vitrage feuillete asymetrique
CN115027111B (zh) * 2022-06-06 2023-04-11 中建材(内江)玻璃高新技术有限公司 一种复合隔音夹胶玻璃

Family Cites Families (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2282026A (en) 1939-04-29 1942-05-05 Du Pont Treatment of polyvinyl acetal resins
US2282057A (en) 1939-04-29 1942-05-05 Du Pont Purification and stabilization of polyvinyl acetal resins
GB1123605A (en) 1965-05-24 1968-08-14 Globe Glass Mfg Company Glass panel having improved sound transmission loss characteristics
GB1359166A (en) 1971-05-21 1974-07-10 Glaverbel Panels incorporating a glass or vitrocrystalline sheet and the manufacture thereof
GB1502771A (en) 1974-01-29 1978-03-01 Glaverbel Laminated glazing pane
US5728472A (en) 1996-11-14 1998-03-17 Monsanto Company Control of adhesion of polyvinyl butyral sheet to glass
EP1183286A1 (en) * 1999-05-14 2002-03-06 Dupont Dow Elastomers L.L.C. Highly crystalline eaodm interpolymers
US6733872B2 (en) 2001-03-01 2004-05-11 Asahi Glass Company, Limited Laminated glass
US7846532B2 (en) 2005-03-17 2010-12-07 Solutia Incorporated Sound reducing wedge shaped polymer interlayers
US7510771B2 (en) 2005-03-17 2009-03-31 Solutia Incorporated Sound reducing polymer interlayers
GB0602941D0 (en) 2006-02-14 2006-03-22 Pilkington Automotive Ltd Glazing
US20080254302A1 (en) 2007-04-13 2008-10-16 David Paul Bourcier Multiple layer polymer interlayers having a melt fractured surface
US20080268270A1 (en) * 2007-04-30 2008-10-30 Wenjie Chen High impact polymer interlayers
DE102009017805B4 (de) 2009-04-20 2012-05-16 Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Transparentes Verbundglas und dessen Verwendung
JP5929903B2 (ja) 2011-04-01 2016-06-08 旭硝子株式会社 合わせガラス、およびその製造方法
US10035331B2 (en) 2011-06-24 2018-07-31 Corning Incorporated Light-weight hybrid glass laminates
US9616641B2 (en) * 2011-06-24 2017-04-11 Corning Incorporated Light-weight hybrid glass laminates
US10173396B2 (en) * 2012-03-09 2019-01-08 Solutia Inc. High rigidity interlayers and light weight laminated multiple layer panels
FR2990948B1 (fr) * 2012-05-22 2019-08-30 Saint-Gobain Glass France Intercalaire plastique viscoelastique pour un amortissement vibro-acoustique et vitrage comprenant un tel intercalaire
WO2013181484A1 (en) 2012-05-31 2013-12-05 Corning Incorporated Stiff interlayers for laminated glass structures
WO2014126251A1 (ja) 2013-02-18 2014-08-21 日本板硝子株式会社 合わせガラス、及びこれが取り付けられた取付構造体
CN105228828B (zh) * 2013-05-22 2017-07-28 株式会社可乐丽 层叠体
US20140363651A1 (en) * 2013-06-10 2014-12-11 Solutia Inc. Polymer interlayers having improved optical properties
CN105813840B (zh) 2013-10-07 2018-11-27 康宁股份有限公司 具有改善的边缘强度的玻璃层压结构
KR102470383B1 (ko) * 2014-01-15 2022-11-25 세키스이가가쿠 고교가부시키가이샤 접합 유리용 중간막 및 접합 유리
JP2016041634A (ja) * 2014-08-15 2016-03-31 日本板硝子株式会社 合わせガラス
RU2017133754A (ru) * 2015-03-31 2019-04-30 Секисуй Кемикал Ко., Лтд. Пленочный промежуточный слой для ламинированного стекла и ламинированное стекло

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20200139678A1 (en) 2020-05-07
JP6956732B2 (ja) 2021-11-02
WO2017151345A1 (en) 2017-09-08
JP2019513094A (ja) 2019-05-23
MX2018010075A (es) 2019-01-21
KR20180120690A (ko) 2018-11-06
EP3423272A1 (en) 2019-01-09
CN109070547B (zh) 2021-07-20
CN109070547A (zh) 2018-12-21
US20170253009A1 (en) 2017-09-07
US10525675B2 (en) 2020-01-07
TW201800231A (zh) 2018-01-01
TWI698349B (zh) 2020-07-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10611126B2 (en) Polymer interlayers having improved sound insulation properties
US10343379B2 (en) Polymeric interlayers and multiple layer panels made therefrom exhibiting enhanced properties and performance
US10800145B2 (en) Sound insulation panels having high interlayer thickness factors
US20180082669A1 (en) Sound attenuating multiple layer laminates
US20180104932A1 (en) Asymmetric laminates comprising asymmetric multiple layer interlayer
US20200139678A1 (en) Polymeric interlayers and multiple layer panels made therefrom exhibiting enhanced properties and performance
CN108136724B (zh) 具有增强的性质的多层夹层
US10354636B2 (en) Polymer interlayers having improved sound insulation properties
US10553193B2 (en) Polymer interlayers having improved sound insulation properties
CN110114217A (zh) 具有增强性质的多层夹层

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PA0104 Divisional application for international application

St.27 status event code: A-0-1-A10-A16-div-PA0104

PG1501 Laying open of application

St.27 status event code: A-1-1-Q10-Q12-nap-PG1501

Q12 Application published

Free format text: ST27 STATUS EVENT CODE: A-1-1-Q10-Q12-NAP-PG1501 (AS PROVIDED BY THE NATIONAL OFFICE)