KR20220145751A - 신규 지방족 사슬 함유 폴리(알킬-아릴 피페리디늄) 중합체 이오노머, 음이온교환막, 복합막 및 이의 제조방법 - Google Patents
신규 지방족 사슬 함유 폴리(알킬-아릴 피페리디늄) 중합체 이오노머, 음이온교환막, 복합막 및 이의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20220145751A KR20220145751A KR1020220009882A KR20220009882A KR20220145751A KR 20220145751 A KR20220145751 A KR 20220145751A KR 1020220009882 A KR1020220009882 A KR 1020220009882A KR 20220009882 A KR20220009882 A KR 20220009882A KR 20220145751 A KR20220145751 A KR 20220145751A
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- membrane
- anion exchange
- polymer
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Images
Classifications
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/02—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
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- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2256—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those involving carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. obtained by polycondensation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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Abstract
본 발명에 따른 음이온교환막 및 그 복합막은 알칼리 안정성 및 기계적 물성이 우수하고 이온전도도가 매우 높다. 또한, 전극 촉매의 페닐 흡착효과를 감소시키고, 수투과도 및 전력밀도가 높으며 내구성도 뛰어나므로 알칼리 연료전지용 막 및 바인더 또는 수전해에 응용이 가능하다.
Description
도 2는 본 발명의 실시예 2로부터 제조한 PDTP-50의 핵자기공명(1H NMR) 스펙트럼(DMSO-d6 용매와 함께 3.34 ppm의 물 효과를 제거하기 위해 10% TFA 용매를 공용매로 첨가함).
도 3은 본 발명의 실시예 3으로부터 제조한 PDTP-75의 핵자기공명(1H NMR) 스펙트럼(DMSO-d6 용매와 함께 3.34 ppm의 물 효과를 제거하기 위해 10% TFA 용매를 공용매로 첨가함).
도 4는 (a) 막전극접합체(MEA)의 삼상계면 모식도, (b) 본 발명의 실시예 4로부터 제조한 PDTP-25 막, PDTP-50 막, PDTP-75 막, 비교예 2로부터 제조한 PTP 막, 및 대조군으로서 상용 FAA-3 막의 상대습도에 따른 수소 투과도(60℃에서, I- 형태 막으로 측정), (c) 본 발명의 실시예 4로부터 제조한 PDTP-25 막, PDTP-50 막, PDTP-75 막 및 대조군으로서 상용 FAA-3 막, 본 발명자의 선출원 PFBP 막(특허출원 제10-2020-0093640호)의 상대습도에 따른 수증기 투과도(60℃에서, I- 형태 막으로 측정), (d) 본 발명의 실시예 4로부터 제조한 PDTP-25 막, PDTP-50 막, PDTP-75 막, 비교예 2로부터 제조한 PTP 막의 상대습도에 따른 수산화이온 전도도(60℃에서, OH- 형태 막으로 측정)를 나타낸 그래프.
도 5는 (a) 본 발명의 실시예 4로부터 제조한 PDTP-25 막, PDTP-50 막, PDTP-75 막, 비교예 2로부터 제조한 PTP 막(I- 형태 막), 및 대조군으로서 상용 FAA-3-20 막(Cl- 형태 막)의 기계적 물성(습윤 상태에서 측정), (b) PDTP-25 막(두께 25 ㎛)의 투명하고 강한 실물 이미지, (c) 내지 (f)는 막의 저장 탄성률(storage modulus) 및 tan δ 그래프[(c) PTP 막, (d) PDTP-25 막, (e) PDTP-50 막, (f) PDTP-75 막(I- 형태 막)].
도 6은 본 발명의 비교예 2로부터 제조한 (a) PTP 막, 및 실시예 4로부터 제조한 (b) PDTP-25 막, (c) PDTP-50 막, (d) PDTP-75 막(I- 형태 막)의 원자현미경(AFM) 이미지, (e) PDTP-25 막의 단면 주사전자현미경(SEM) 이미지, (f) PDTP-75 및 PFBP 이오노머 용액(in 이소프로필알코올:탈이온수=10:1), (g) PDTP 기반의 막전극접합체(MEA)를 촬영한 사진.
도 7은 본 발명의 실시예 4로부터 제조한 PDTP-25 막, PDTP-50 막, PDTP-75 막, 비교예 2로부터 제조한 PTP 막의 (a) DVS 데이터[25℃, 상이한 상대습도(0%, 18%, 36%, 54%, 72%, 90%)에서 측정], (b) OH- 전도도, (c) HCO3 - 전도도, (d) OH- 전도도에 근거한 아레니우스 플롯을 나타낸 그래프.
도 8은 본 발명의 실시예 4로부터 제조한 PDTP-25 막, PDTP-50 막, PDTP-75 막, 비교예 2로부터 제조한 PTP 막의 열중량분석(TGA) 및 미분 그래프.
도 9는 PDTP-25 막(두께 25±3 ㎛)을 기반으로 다양한 음극/양극 이오노머를 갖는 음이온교환막 연료전지(AEMFC)의 성능을 나타낸 그래프[80oC, 1,000/1,000 음극/양극 H2/O2 유량, 다양한 음극/양극 촉매(이오노머: 전체 탄소: 금속 = 1: 2: 1.33, Hipsec Pt/C 기반 슬러리, 1: 1.78: 1.55, TKK Pt/C 기반 슬러리, 및 1: 1.33: 2, PtRu/C 기반 슬러리)]로서, a) 음극/양극 0.26 mg cm-2 의 TKK Pt/C, 0/0 bar 음극/양극 후방 압력, b), 음극/양극 0.26 mg cm-2 의 TKK Pt/C, 0/0 bar 음극/양극 후방압력. 2.0/2.0 bar 음극/양극 후방압력, c) 음극/양극 PFBP/PDTP-75 이오노머, 0/0 음극/양극 후방압력, 3가지 형태의 음극/양극 촉매로 0.26 mg cm-2 로딩: Pt-Ru/C 음극 및 Hispect Pt/C 양극, 음극/양극 Hispec Pt/C 음극, 및 음극/양극 TKK Pt/C, d) 음극/양극 PFBP/PDTP-75 이오노머, 2.0/2.0 bar 음극/양극 후방압력, 3가지 형태의 음극/양극 촉매로 0.26 mg cm-2 로딩: Pt-Ru/C 음극 및 Hispect Pt/C 양극, 음극/양극 Hispec Pt/C 음극, 및 A/C TKK Pt/C.
도 10은 a) PDTP-25 막(두께 22±3 ㎛) 및 다양한 양극/음극 이오노머를 기반으로 하는 음이온교환막 연료전지(AEMFC)의 성능을 나타낸 그래프[측정 조건 : 탄소 분말과 더불어 음극에 0.39 mg cm-2 Pt-Ru/C(이오노머: 전체 탄소: Pt-Ru = 1: 2.33: 2), 양극에 0.26 mg cm-2 Hispec Pt/C(이오노머: 전체 탄소: 금속 = 1: 2: 1.33), 1,000/1,000 mL min-1 H2-O2 유량, 1,000/2,000 mL min-1 H2-air (CO2 free) 유량, 1.3/1.3 bar 후방 압력], b) 종래 공지된 AEMFC와 상용 AEMFC의 비전력(specific power) 및 피크 전력밀도(peak power density) 비교(음극/양극PGM catalysts).
도 11은 본 발명의 실시예 4로부터 제조한 PDTP-25 막을 80℃에서 1M NaOH 용액으로 처리한 후 경시 구조변화를 측정한 핵자기공명(1H NMR) 스펙트럼(피페리디늄 그룹의 분해가 관찰되지 아니함).
도 12는 a) 본 발명의 실시예 4로부터 제조한 PDTP-25 막을 사용한 연료전지의 내구성(in-situ durability)(80oC, 200/200 mL min-1 유량, 0.33 mg cm-2 로딩 Hispec Pt/C, 0.4 A cm-2 전류밀도) 및 상용 FAA-3-20 막을 사용한 연료전지의 내구성(in-situ durability)(60oC, 200/200 mL min-1 유량, 0.33 mg cm-2 로딩 Hispec Pt/C, 0.2 A cm-2 전류밀도) 측정 결과, b) 100 시간 내구성(in-situ durability) 테스트 이후 막전극접합체(MEA)로부터 해체한 PDTP-25 막과 PFBP/PDTP-25 이오노머의 핵자기공명(1H NMR) 스펙트럼 및 비교를 위한 테스트 이전 핵자기공명(1H NMR) 스펙트럼.
도 13은 본 발명의 실시예 5로부터 제조한 음이온교환 복합막의 (a) 실물 사진, (b)~(d) 모폴로지를 관찰한 주사전자현미경(SEM) 이미지.
도 14는 본 발명의 실시예 5로부터 제조한 음이온교환 복합막 및 실시예 4에 따른 음이온교환막 중 PDTP-25막(도면에는 PDTP로 표기)의 투명도를 나타낸 UV-transmittance 측정 결과 그래프[(a) I- form, (b) OH- form].
도 15는 본 발명의 실시예 5로부터 제조한 음이온교환 복합막, 실시예 4에 따른 음이온교환막 중 PDTP-25막(도면에는 PDTP로 표기) 및 대조군으로서 다공성 폴리에틸렌 지지체의 기계적 물성을 나타낸 그래프.
도 16은 본 발명의 실시예 5로부터 제조한 음이온교환 복합막, 실시예 4에 따른 음이온교환막 중 PDTP-25막(도면에는 PDTP로 표기)의 치수안정성을 나타낸 그래프.
도 17은 본 발명의 실시예 5로부터 제조한 음이온교환 복합막, 실시예 4에 따른 음이온교환막 중 PDTP-25막(도면에는 PDTP로 표기) 및 대조군으로서 종래 상용화된 음이온교환막(FAA-3-50)의 (a) 수소투과도, (b) 수투과도를 나타낸 그래프.
도 18은 본 발명의 실시예 5로부터 제조한 음이온교환 복합막, 실시예 4에 따른 음이온교환막 중 PDTP-25막(도면에는 PDTP로 표기)의 (a) 상대습도에 따른 전류밀도, 및 (b) 공급 가스의 상대습도를 달리하여 시간에 따른 음이온교환 복합막의 전류밀도를 나타낸 그래프.
도 19는 본 발명의 실시예 5로부터 제조한 음이온교환 복합막, 실시예 4에 따른 음이온교환막 중 PDTP-25막(도면에는 PDTP로 표기)의 시간에 따른 전류밀도 변화를 나타낸 그래프.
도 20은 본 발명의 실시예 5로부터 제조한 음이온교환 복합막, 실시예 4에 따른 음이온교환막 중 PDTP-25막(도면에는 PDTP로 표기)의 연료전지성능을 나타낸 그래프.
도 21은 본 발명의 실시예 5로부터 제조한 음이온교환 복합막, 실시예 4에 따른 음이온교환막 중 PDTP-25막(도면에는 PDTP로 표기)의 장기수명을 평가한 그래프.
도 22는 본 발명의 실시예 5로부터 제조한 음이온교환 복합막, 실시예 4에 따른 음이온교환막 중 PDTP-25막(도면에는 PDTP로 표기)의 장기수명 평가 전후의 기계적 강도 변화를 나타낸 그래프.
도 23은 본 발명의 실시예 5로부터 제조한 음이온교환 복합막의 장기수명 평가 후의 핵자기공명(1HNMR) 스펙트럼.
| 막 | IEC(mmolg-1) | WU(%) | SR(%) (OH-) |
σ (OH-) |
λ | η (dL/g) |
|||||
| Titra/Theo (Br-) |
Titra (OH-) |
30℃ | 80℃ | 30℃ | 80℃ | 60℃ | |||||
| Br- | OH- | Br- | OH- | ||||||||
| PTP | 2.24/2.37 | 2.61 | 16.8 | 62.1 | 31 | 70.5 | 21.2 | 23.8 | 91 | 13.2 | 4.6 |
| PDTP-25 | 2.38/2.46 | 2.80 | 22.4 | 121 | 39.3 | 180 | 33.3 | 48.6 | 138 | 24 | 4.5 |
| PDTP-50 | 2.48/2.54 | 2.94 | 37.4 | >500 | - | - | 101 | - | 129 | >92 | 4.5 |
| PDTP-75 | 2.59/2.61 | 3.10 | 66.7 | >900 | - | - | ∼200 | - | 156 | >161 | 5 |
| PFBP-14 | 2.86/2.86 | 3.43 | 51.8 | 330 | NE | 489 | 102 | 128 | 131 | 53 | 2.34 |
| 상대습도 | water diffusivity(10-7 cm s-1)* | |||
| PTP | PDTP-25 | PDTP-50 | PDTP-75 | |
| 18% | 0.59 | 0.67 | 0.94 | 2.78 |
| 36% | 0.62 | 1.08 | 2.98 | 3.81 |
| 54% | 1.45 | 1.79 | 3.59 | 4.01 |
| 72% | 1.32 | 0.95 | - | - |
| 90% | 1.15 | - | - | - |
Claims (19)
- (I) 단량체로서 디페닐알칸, 1-메틸-4-피페리돈 및 하기 구조식으로 표시되는 화합물로부터 선택되는 것을 유기용매에 용해시켜 용액을 형성하는 단계;
,,,,,,,,
(II) 상기 용액에 강산 촉매를 서서히 부가, 교반 및 반응시켜 점성 용액을 얻는 단계;
(III) 상기 점성 용액을 침전, 세척 및 건조하여 고체상의 중합체를 수득하는 단계;
(IV) 상기 고체상의 중합체를 유기용매에 용해시킨 중합체 용액에 K2CO3 및 과량의 할로메탄을 부가 및 반응시켜 4급 피페리디늄 염을 형성하는 단계; 및
(V) 중합체 용액을 침전, 세척 및 건조하는 단계;를 포함하는 폴리(알킬-아릴 피페리디늄) 중합체 이오노머의 제조방법. - 제2항에 있어서, 상기 (I) 단계의 유기용매는 디클로로메탄, 클로로포름, 디클로로에탄, 디브로모메탄 및 테트라클로로에탄으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 1종 이상의 것을 특징으로 하는 폴리(알킬-아릴 피페리디늄) 중합체 이오노머의 제조방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 (II) 단계의 강산 촉매는 트리플루오로아세트산, 트리플루오로메탄술폰산, 펜타플루오로에탄술폰산, 헵타플루오로-1-프로판술폰산, 퍼플루오로프로피온산, 헵타플루오로부티르산, 또는 이들의 혼합물인 것을 특징으로 하는 폴리(알킬-아릴 피페리디늄) 중합체 이오노머의 제조방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 (IV) 단계의 유기용매는 N-메틸피롤리돈, 디메틸아세트아미드, 디메틸술폭시드 또는 디메틸포름아미드인 것을 특징으로 하는 폴리(알킬-아릴 피페리디늄) 중합체 이오노머의 제조방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 (IV) 단계의 할로메탄은 플루오로메탄, 클로로메탄, 브로모메탄 또는 아이오도메탄인 것을 특징으로 하는 폴리(알킬-아릴 피페리디늄) 중합체 이오노머의 제조방법.
- 제1항 기재의 폴리(알킬-아릴 피페리디늄) 중합체 이오노머를 포함하는 음이온교환막.
- 다공성 고분자 지지체; 및
상기 다공성 고분자 지지체에 함침된 제7항에 따른 음이온교환막;을 포함하는 음이온교환 복합막. - (a) 제1항 기재의 폴리(알킬-아릴 피페리디늄) 중합체 이오노머를 유기용매에 용해시켜 고분자용액을 형성하는 단계;
(b) 상기 고분자용액을 유리판에 캐스팅 및 건조함으로써 막을 수득하는 단계; 및
(c) 상기 수득한 막을 1M NaHCO3 또는 1M NaOH로 처리한 후, 초순수로 수회 세척 및 건조하는 단계;를 포함하는 음이온교환막의 제조방법. - 제9항에 있어서, 상기 유기용매는 N-메틸피롤리돈, 디메틸아세트아미드, 디메틸술폭시드 또는 디메틸포름아미드인 것을 특징으로 하는 음이온교환막의 제조방법.
- 제9항에 있어서, 상기 고분자용액의 농도는 2~30 중량%인 것을 특징으로 하는 음이온교환막의 제조방법.
- 제9항에 있어서, 상기 (b) 단계의 건조는 80~90℃ 오븐에서 24시간 동안 유기용매를 서서히 제거한 후, 120~150℃ 진공오븐에서 12시간 동안 가열함으로써 유기용매를 완전히 제거하는 것을 특징으로 하는 음이온교환막의 제조방법.
- (i) 다공성 고분자 지지체를 준비하는 단계;
(ii) 제1항 기재의 폴리(알킬-아릴 피페리디늄) 중합체 이오노머를 유기용매에 용해시킨 중합체 용액에 공용매를 첨가하여 이오노머 용액을 얻는 단계; 및
(iii) 상기 이오노머 용액을 다공성 고분자 지지체 위에 캐스팅하여 함침, 및 건조하는 단계;를 포함하는 음이온교환 복합막의 제조방법. - 제13항에 있어서, 상기 (ii) 단계의 공용매는 메탄올, 에탄올 또는 이소프로필알코올인 것을 특징으로 하는 음이온교환 복합막의 제조방법.
- 제13항에 있어서, 상기 (ii) 단계에서 첨가하는 공용매는 중합체 용액 대비 2~25 중량%인 것을 특징으로 하는 음이온교환 복합막의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 따른 폴리(알킬-아릴 피페리디늄) 중합체 이오노머를 포함하는 알칼리 연료전지용 바인더.
- 제7항에 따른 음이온교환막 또는 제8항에 따른 음이온교환 복합막을 포함하는 알칼리 연료전지용 막전극접합체.
- 제7항에 따른 음이온교환막 또는 제8항에 따른 음이온교환 복합막을 포함하는 알칼리 연료전지.
- 제7항에 따른 음이온교환막 또는 제8항에 따른 음이온교환 복합막을 포함하는 수전해 장치.
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| PCT/KR2022/005755 WO2022225357A1 (ko) | 2021-04-22 | 2022-04-22 | 신규 지방족 사슬 함유 폴리(알킬-아릴 피페리디늄) 중합체 이오노머, 음이온교환막, 복합막 및 이의 제조방법 |
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| CN117024711A (zh) * | 2023-09-07 | 2023-11-10 | 广东泰极动力科技有限公司 | 耐自由基低水溶胀的聚合物及其应用 |
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