KR20210102207A - actuating device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an actuating device (16) comprising at least two sliding sleeves (23, 24) and actuating at least two free gears (21, 22) arranged adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the output shaft (14). is about In order to simplify the actuation of the at least two free gears 21 , 22 , the actuating sleeve 17 is movable between the three actuating positions by means of two sliding sleeves 23 , 24 which can be actuated. , at least one of the sliding sleeves 23 , 24 is movable only between two switching positions.

Description

actuating device

The present invention relates to an actuating device and method comprising at least two sliding sleeves for actuating at least two free gears arranged adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the shaft. The invention also relates to a transmission with a pair of loose wheels.

German Patent Publication (DE 10 2004049832 A1) discloses a dual clutch transmission for front wheel drive in which two main shafts are arranged coaxially and two counter shafts are arranged parallel to each other, wherein the power flow of the reverse gear is gears: ie a free gear arranged rotatably opposite one countershaft and non-rotatably engaged with this one countershaft in the power flow of the forward gear; two free gears on different countershafts non-rotatably coupled to each other; two directly adjacent fixed gears of the second spindle; an output pinion of the free gear and one of the forward gears non-rotatably coupled to the free gear; and a differential gear extending from the fixed gear of the first main shaft through a double free gear, wherein the two free gears of one countershaft are non-rotatably coupled to each other and which can be engaged by an axially adjacent shift sleeve. The portion forming the unit, axially supported on this shift sleeve, has internal gearings that reach through the free gear closer to the shift sleeve and non-rotatably engage each other.

It is an object of the invention to simplify the operation of at least two free gears arranged adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the shaft, wherein the actuating device consists of at least two sliding sleeves.

The object of the present invention is achieved by an actuating device comprising at least two sliding sleeves and actuating at least two free gears arranged adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the shaft, the actuating sleeve of the actuating device comprising: It is characterized in that by means of two sliding sleeves which can be moved between the three operating positions, at least one of the sliding sleeves is movable only between the two switching positions. The three actuating positions of the actuating device are provided, for example, by decoupling the at least one sliding sleeve from the actuating sleeve in the at least one axial direction. In this way, since the consumption of the actuating moving piece in the axial direction is reduced, the consumption of the shaft installation space can be reduced.

A preferred embodiment of the actuating device is characterized in that the actuating sleeve is engaged with one of the sliding sleeves. The actuating sleeve is set in axial movement, for example a conventional actuating sleeve with a shift fork actuating the sliding sleeve. To this end, the shift fork is coupled radially to the outside of the actuating sleeve coupled to the sliding sleeve, for example. The actuating sleeve is designed as a radially inner sliding sleeve.

Another preferred embodiment of the actuating device comprises a fixed gear/free gear having an actuating sleeve operatively connected with at least one coupling mechanism and having a fixed gear/fixed gear non-rotatably coupled to the free gear/free gear. through at least one slide operably connectable to one of the sliding sleeves. According to an embodiment, one of the sliding sleeves is also provided for the rotary decoupling. If desired, one of the free gears can be arranged axially between the actuating sleeve and the fixed gear. The fixed gear may also be arranged axially between the actuating sleeve and one of the free gears.

Another preferred embodiment of the actuating device is characterized in that the coupling mechanism comprises at least one coupling element mounted on the slide and displaceable in a central position of the actuating sleeve between the actuating sleeve and the hub. For example, the coupling element is designed as a sphere. It is advantageous to use the coupling element to indicate a third actuating position of a total of three actuating positions in which the actuating sleeve can be moved.

Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the actuating device is characterized in that an actuating sleeve on which the two sliding sleeves can be actuated is arranged axially between the two free gears. The term axis refers to the axis of rotation of the shaft. For example, the shaft is the output shaft of the transmission. In an exemplary embodiment, the actuating sleeve is advantageously arranged axially between the travel gears of the two free gears. The actuating sleeve is actuated, for example, via a shift fork. The actuating movement of the actuating sleeve is advantageously transmitted to a sliding sleeve under the running gear of the free or fixed gear, for example through a corresponding penetration of the free or fixed gear. Sliding sleeves are used to represent classical synchronization. For example, the actuation of synchronization via a free gear is known from the first known German patent publication (DE 10 2004049832 A1). In this application, the reverse gear is implemented by engaging two free gears on the output shaft of the transmission. This coupling is actuated via one of the free gears. In known actuating devices, the sliding sleeves are rigidly coupled to each other. As a result, the left sliding sleeve engaging the two free gears with each other must be able to travel the operating path in both operating directions. As a result, the cross section of one of the free gears in the central region is greatly weakened. In the actuating device according to the present invention, the sliding sleeves are not permanently coupled to each other, unlike the prior art of the common material. Sliding sleeves, also referred to as shift sleeves or synchronization sleeves, can move to a limited extent independently of one another in the axial direction. This results in a gain to the shaft footprint in the case of counter-circuits. For example, when operating in the first direction of operation, one of the free gears engages a further free gear of the shaft, synchronizes if necessary and then engages without rotation. For example, when operating in the second direction of operation, the other free gear is non-rotatably connected to the fixed gear of the shaft. It is advantageous if a rotary decoupling is provided between the sliding sleeves.

Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the actuating device is characterized in that the actuating sleeve is movable between three actuating positions, whereas the sliding sleeve is movable only between two switching positions. At least one of the sliding sleeves is arranged axially outwardly of the free gear. According to an embodiment, it is preferred that both sliding sleeves are arranged axially outward of the free gear. The at least one sliding sleeve is advantageously arranged axially such that the associated free gear at least partially overlaps. According to an embodiment, both sliding sleeves may be arranged axially so as to at least partially overlap the assigned free gear. The actuating position of the actuating sleeve is preferably a locking position, a central or neutral position, and a coupling position. One of the sliding sleeves is switched between a central or neutral position and a coupling position. The switching position of the sliding sleeve is preferably an open and closed switching position.

Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the actuating device is characterized in that it comprises a coupling mechanism having at least two slides which are assigned to the free gear and which can be actuated via the actuating sleeve to actuate one of the sliding sleeves. The non-rotatable connection with the sliding sleeve can only be realized after a conventional synchronization process. An advantage is that the actuating sleeve is not permanently coupled to the slide in the axial direction. The sliding sleeves can thus be decoupled from one another in a simple way.

Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the actuating device is characterized in that the coupling mechanism consists of at least one coupling element each displaceable between the slide and the hub in a central position of the actuating sleeve. For example, the coupling element is designed as a sphere. An advantage is that the coupling elements can be displaced radially for actuation of the sliding sleeve. In the central or neutral position of the actuating sleeve it may be advantageous for the coupling element to be in a radially inner or radially outer position.

Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the actuating device is characterized in that the actuating sleeve has at least one coupling profile with ramps and the hub has at least one locking profile with ramps. The ramp is advantageously arranged at an angle of about 45 degrees to the axis of rotation of the shaft. The ramp reliably prevents unwanted jamming of the coupling element, which is preferably designed as a sphere.

Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the actuating device is characterized in that the slide and the actuating sleeve have effective limit stops in the respective closing direction in which the coupling elements are guided to the slide in the axial and circumferential directions. Axial displacement in the direction in which the actuating sleeve is closed moves each slide by contacting a limit stop between the slide and the actuating sleeve. Actuating in the closing direction, the coupling element is pressed radially outward via the ramp of the locking contour of the hub.

Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the actuating device is characterized in that the actuating sleeve is movable axially between the free gear and the free gear along an idle path relative to the hub and the coupling element. In the closed position, the outer contour of the hub holds the coupling element in a radially outer position. The associated slide engages the actuating sleeve in the axial direction via a coupling element. When opened from the closed position, an actuating force acts on the slide via the ramp and the coupling element.

Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the actuating device is characterized in that two free gears are engaged with each other in a double free gear unit. Coupling of two free gears means that the free gears engaged with each other rotate at the same speed.

The above object is different or additionally achieved by a method of operating at least two free gears arranged adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the shaft with the actuating device described above. When the actuating sleeve is actuated in a central or neutral position with respect to the closing direction, the respective coupling elements are pressed into the chamber by means of a ramp of the coupling contour of the actuating sleeve. In the defined position of the sliding sleeve, the inner contour of the actuating sleeve secures the coupling element in a radially inner position. The associated slide is then axially engaged with the hub via a coupling element.

The invention also relates to a transmission having a pair of free gears to which the actuating device described above is assigned. For example, the transmission is a hybrid transmission. In order to shorten the transmission length of the hybrid transmission, it is recommended that the synchronization connecting the first gear plane and the second gear plane of the output shaft and the free gears of the third gear plane be placed in the double free gear rather than the first and second free gears. It is advantageous. The synchronization is advantageously operated via a free gear in the second or third gear plane. For this purpose, an actuating sleeve is arranged on the hub of the double free gear. For example, a conventional actuating fork is coupled to an actuating sleeve for actuation. The actuating sleeve is axially displaced via the actuating fork. The actuating sleeve is fixed from rotation relative to the hub of the double free gear and is axially movable.

Additional advantages, features and details of the invention may be learned from the detailed description of several exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. From the drawing:
1 is a schematic diagram showing two transmissions in which lower gears are mounted on an actuating device according to the invention;
Each of FIGS. 2 to 4 is a schematic representation of the FIG. 1 actuating device in various actuating or switching positions.
Fig. 5 shows the output shaft of the Fig. 1 transmission with a gear wheel mounted thereon and with a longitudinal section of the actuating device;
FIG. 6 is a first enlarged view of FIG. 5 .
FIG. 7 is a second enlarged view of FIG. 5 .
8 shows a schematic view of an actuating device with a device in which the actuating sleeve is engaged with the sliding sleeve;
FIG. 9 shows the actuating device of FIG. 8 with the actuating sleeve displaced to the left via a slide and a plunger to actuate the sliding sleeve aligned to the left of FIG. 8 ;
Fig. 10 is the actuating device of Fig. 7 in which the actuating sleeve coupled with the sliding sleeve is actuated on the right side;

In FIG. 1 , two transmissions 1 ; 11 each having five gear planes I to V gear planes are shown, respectively, from top to bottom. The transmission 1 consists of two transmission input shafts 2 , 3 and an output shaft 4 . The transmission 11 is composed of two transmission input shafts 12 , 13 and an output shaft 14 .

On the output shaft 14 , two free gears 21 , 22 in gear plane II and gear plane III are coupled to each other in a double free gear unit 15 . An actuating device 16 with an actuating sleeve 17 is assigned to the double free gear unit 15 . The actuating sleeve 17 can be coupled to the sliding sleeves 23 , 24 via a coupling mechanism 18 consisting of slides 19 , 20 . The sliding sleeve 23 is used to connect the free gear 27 to the output shaft 14 without rotation or to synchronize it in the same way. The sliding sleeve 24 serves to connect the double free gear unit 15 to the fixed gear 8 or the output shaft 14 without rotation.

According to an important aspect of the invention, the free gear 27 circuit of the gear plane I and the actuating sleeve 17 of the double free gear unit 15 circuit of the transmission 1 are, as shown in FIG. 1 , the gear plane I and the intermediate space between the gear plane II and the intermediate space between the gear plane II and the gear plane III of the transmission 11 . As a result, the installation space has a gain approximately equal to the synchronization width indicated by the arrows 28 and 29 . Each synchronizer/free gear coupling is actuated in the transmission 11 via free gears 21 , 22 .

1 shows that the sliding sleeve 23 is further assigned a sliding sleeve carrier 25 and a coupling body 26 . The sliding sleeve carrier 25 is arranged radially inside the sliding sleeve 23 . The coupling body 26 is non-rotatably connected to the free gear 27 .

The actuating sleeve 17 of the actuating device 16 can be in the three actuating positions illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 4 . The sliding sleeves 23 , 24 of the actuating device 16 can each be in only two switching positions. The slide 19 acts between the sliding sleeve 23 and the actuating sleeve 17 . The slide 20 acts between the sliding sleeve 24 and the actuating sleeve 17 .

The sliding sleeves 23 , 24 are each assigned a plurality of slides 19 , 20 for coupling to the actuating sleeve 17 . It is advantageous if the actuating sleeve 17 is not permanently axially coupled to the slides 19 , 20 .

2 to 4 , the function of the actuating device 16 is to synchronize the free gear 21 (shown on the left in FIG. 1 ) of the double free gear unit 15 with the free gear 27 . It is schematically illustrated using the example of a slide 19 . 2 to 4 , the output shaft 14 ( FIG. 1 ) is shown only as a rotation shaft 31 . The coupling mechanism 18 of the actuating device 16 consists of a coupling element 32 designed as a sphere. The coupling element 32 is arranged on the output shaft between the actuating sleeve 17 and the hub 33 . The slide 19 has two guide surfaces 40 , 41 spaced apart from each other in the axial direction for guiding the coupling element 32 .

2 to 4 illustrate that the actuating sleeve 17 of the actuating device 16 is in three actuating positions. In contrast, the slide 19 coupled with the sliding sleeve 23 ( FIG. 1 ) axially via the groove 30 can only be in two transition positions.

The actuating sleeve 17 is fixed from rotation with respect to the hub 33 of the double free gear unit and can be axially displaced between the three actuating positions as can be seen in FIGS. 2 to 4 . In figure 2 the actuating sleeve 17 is in the left actuated position. In FIG. 3 the actuating sleeve 17 is in the central actuated position. In figure 4 the actuating sleeve 17 is in the right actuated position.

3 and 2 , the slide 19 is displaced axially in the closing direction in operation. In the first actuation phase, the ramp 35 of the locking contour 34 of the hub 33 acts on the coupling element 32 to push it radially outward. The radially outer region of the coupling element 32 goes deep into the recess of the coupling contour 36 of the actuating sleeve 17 , creating a form-fitting connection between the slide 19 and the actuating sleeve 17 . In the second phase of operation, the radially outer region of the hub 33 holds the coupling element 32 in this radially outer position.

Upon opening, the effective direction of the force acting on the actuating sleeve 17 is reversed. As a result, the force can no longer be transmitted through the actuating sleeve 17 and the limit stops 38 , 39 of the slide 19 . When opening the actuating device 16 from FIG. 2 to FIG. 3 , the ramp 37 of the coupling contour 36 of the actuating sleeve 17 is connected with the coupling element 32 as shown in FIG. 3 . In contact, it transmits an actuating force to the slide 19 and opens the coupling mechanism 18 .

In the central position of the actuating sleeve 17 shown in FIG. 3 , the coupling element 32 is located in the recess of the locking contour 34 . The coupling element 32 is no longer in a radially outward position, but can move radially inward, as can be seen in FIG. 3 . With the actuating sleeve 17 in this central position, the slide 19 is in the right position and can no longer move to the right because of the limit stop not visible in FIGS. 2 to 4 .

When the actuating sleeve 17 moves further to the right from the central position shown in FIG. 3 , the coupling element 32 moves radially inward via the ramp 37 of the coupling contour 36 . The coupling element 32 stops in a radially inner region in the recess of the locking contour 34 of the hub 33 so that the slide 19 can be moved to the hub 33 as can be seen in the overviews of FIGS. 3 and 4 . ) is locked. In the right end position of the actuating sleeve 17 shown in FIG. 4 , the inner region of the coupling contour 36 holds the coupling element 32 in its radially inner position.

As an alternative to the embodiment of the coupling mechanism 18 shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 , the direction of movement of the coupling element may be a circumferential direction or a combination of circumferential and radial directions, ie oblique. The coupling element 32 may also have other shapes (eg, the shape of a cylinder). The coupling element 32 is not necessarily radially guided. It is also possible to perform rotational movement by connecting to the slide 19 in an articulated manner.

5-7 show in detail different views of the output shaft 14 to which the transmission 11 components of the gear in FIG. 1 are assigned. The output gear wheel 50 is attached to the end of the output shaft 14 on the left side of Figs. Either the free gear 27 of the first gear plane I (Fig. 1) is engaged, or the double free gear unit 15 (Fig. 1) is combined with the free gears 21, 22 of the gear plane II and the gear plane III (Fig. 1). A separate free gear coupling system 51 , 52 can be used in each case for coupling to the output shaft 14 .

The free gear coupling systems 51 , 52 consist of separate synchronization and coupling devices. This synchronization and coupling device is arranged axially outwardly of the double free gear unit 15 ( FIG. 1 ). The free gear coupling system 51 or synchronization and coupling device shown on the left of FIG. 5 is a free gear 27 in gear plane I to the output shaft 14 via a sliding sleeve 23 and a sliding sleeve carrier 25. combine The right free gear coupling system 52 or synchronization and coupling device connects the double free gear unit 15 in gear plane II and gear plane III to the output shaft via a sliding sleeve 24 and a fixed gear 8 in gear plane IV. Bind to (14). The synchronization and coupling devices 51 , 52 are in two switching positions, namely open and closed switching positions. The output shaft 14 is supported by a floating bearing 53 and a fixed bearing 54 of a transmission housing (not shown). The sliding sleeve carrier 25 is connected without rotation to the output shaft 14 via splines 55 . The free gear coupling system 51 consists of a synchronizer ring 56 . The sliding ring 57 is fastened to the groove 30 at the end of the slide 19 on the left side of FIG. 5 . The sliding ring 57 serves to indicate the rotary decoupling in the circumferential direction, while the speed of the double free gear unit 15 is different from that of the output shaft 14 . The sliding ring 57 is connected radially to the sliding sleeve 23 on the outside of the part.

The two sleeves 69 , 71 are arranged radially in the double free gear unit 15 . A thrust ring 58 is arranged axially between the sleeves 69 , 71 . The free gears 21 , 22 of the double free gear unit 15 are mounted axially via axial bearings 67 , 68 relative to the thrust ring 58 .

The free gear coupling system 52 on the right side of FIG. 5 consists of coupling devices having a coupling body 59 . The coupling body 59 interacts with the synchronizer ring 64 . The spring element 65 is arranged radially inside the slide 20 . Another spring element 66 is arranged radially inside the synchronizer ring 56 . A coupling element 70 designed as a sphere is assigned to the slide 20 radially inside the actuating sleeve 17 .

The fixed gears (8, 9) are connected without rotation to the output shaft (14) via splines (61, 62). The splines 73 of the output shaft 14 are used in non-rotatable connection with the splines 55 of the sliding sleeve carrier 25 . The splines 74 of the output shaft 14 are used for non-rotatable connection with the splines 61 , 62 of the fixed gears 8 , 9 .

In order to transmit the actuating movement, slides 19 , 20 are arranged between the actuating sleeve 17 and the sliding sleeve. Additional slides 75 and 76 are shown in FIG. 7 . Slides 19 , 20 , 75 , 76 are connected in axial form-locking manner to respective sliding sleeves 23 , 24 .

In the free gear coupling system 51 on the left side of FIGS. 5 to 7 , the slides 19 , 76 are rotationally separated from the sliding sleeve 23 via the sliding ring 57 and the groove 30 of the slider 19 . do. In the right free gear coupling system 52 , the sliding sleeve 24 rotates simultaneously with the double free gear unit 15 . For this reason, rotary decoupling is not necessary here. In this case, the slides 20 and 75 may be materially connected to the sliding sleeve 24 or may be integrated into the sliding sleeve 24 .

The actuating sleeve 17 is not permanently connected to the slides 19 , 20 . During operation each slide 19 , 20 is coupled to the actuating sleeve 17 of the actuating device 16 via a coupling mechanism 18 . When the actuating sleeve 17 is actuated in the closing direction, the limit stops 38 , 39 ( FIGS. 2 to 4 ) 81 , 82 , 87 , 90 ( FIGS. 5 to 7 ) are connected to the actuating sleeve 17 and the slides 19 and 20. As a result, the actuating sleeve 17 is displaced in the axial direction together with the slides 19 , 20 , 75 , 76 .

In Fig. 7, reference numeral 78 denotes a locking ring. The limit stops of slide 76 are designated by 81 and 82 . The guide ring is designated (84). The guide side of the guide ring 84 is designated 85 . The feedthrough of the free gear 21 of the slide 19 is designated by 86 in FIG. 7 . The limit stop of the actuating sleeve 17 is designated by 87 . The locking contour of the hub 33 is designated at (88, 89). The limit stop of the actuating sleeve 17 is designated at 90 . The feedthrough of the free gear 22 of the slide 20 is designated by 91 . In Fig. 7 the screw is designated 92, which is used to engage the free gears 21 and 22.

The coupling mechanism 18 consists here of coupling elements 32 , 70 in the form of a sphere, each coupling element having a locking profile 34 , 88 at the hub 33 and the actuating sleeve 17 . , 89 ) or the coupling contour 36 , as well as the guide shape for the coupling elements 32 , 70 of the slides 19 , 20 . The coupling element is received in the guide shape of the slides 19 , 20 .

The guide shape of the slides 19 , 20 ; 75 , 76 is designed so that the coupling elements 32 , 70 are guided closely in the axial and circumferential directions, but can be easily moved in the radial direction. For spherical coupling elements 32 , 70 , the guide shape is a bore. The radial extension of the coupling elements 32 , 70 is greater than the radial thickness of the slides 19 , 20 ; 75 , 76 .

The coupling contour 36 is formed by a recess in the actuating sleeve 17 or hub 33 as well as the locking contour 34 of the actuating sleeve 17 or hub 33 . The recess is large enough that the coupling element 32 , 70 can be partially received, precisely to the side of the slide 19 , 20 ; 75 , 76 facing away from the respective contour 34 , 36 . The extent to which elements 32 , 70 do not protrude through slides 19 , 20 ; 75 , 76 .

The side of the coupling or locking contour 34 , 36 which faces the respective synchronization/coupling device 51 , 52 has a ramp-like slope. A technically significant range of ramp angles is between 30 and 70 degrees, ideally 50 to 55 degrees when measured to the axis of rotation 31 of shaft 14 .

In FIGS. 8 to 10 , an axial actuating device 116 is schematically illustrated. In the case of the actuating device 116 , the actuating sleeve 117 is coupled with the sliding sleeve 124 , more precisely integrated into one component. The actuating sleeve 117 coupled with the sliding sleeve 124 uses a hub 133 to make a non-rotatable connection between the output shaft 114 and the free gear 122 aligned to the right of FIGS. 8 and 10 . used

The output shaft 114 may rotate together with the hub 133 about the rotation shaft 131 . The sliding sleeve 123 arranged on the left side of FIGS. 8 to 10 is a fixed gear 115 arranged on the left side of FIGS. It serves to create a non-rotatable connection between the gears 121 .

The actuating sleeve 117 of the actuating device 116 coupled with the sliding sleeve 124 is coupled to the sliding sleeve 123 via a coupling mechanism 118 . The coupling mechanism 118 is designed to allow axial movement of the actuating sleeve 117 between the three actuating positions shown in FIGS. 8-10 . The actuating sleeve 117 in FIG. 8 is in a central position. In FIG. 9 the actuating sleeve 117 is actuated to the left, for example with the aid of a shift fork (not shown). In FIG. 10 the actuating sleeve 117 is actuated to the right.

When actuated to the right as in FIG. 10 , the actuating sleeve 117 assumes the function of the sliding sleeve 124 . The coupling mechanism 118 consists of a coupling element 132 designed as a sphere, through which the actuating sleeve 117 couples the slide 119 to the hub 133 .

In the central position of the actuating sleeve 117 shown in FIG. 8, the free gears 121 and 122 are both disengaged. That is, it is not connected to the output shaft 114 or the fixed gear 115 so as not to rotate. In the non-operational state, the free gears 121 and 122 may rotate with respect to the rotation shaft 131 relative to the output shaft 114 using a bearing (not specified).

When actuated to the left as shown in FIG. 9 , the sliding sleeve 123 moves to the left through the slide 119 and the plunger 120 to engage the free gear 121 with the fixed gear 115 . That is, synchronous and non-rotational connections are made. The slide 119 may be designed in an annular shape, and is disposed on the right side of the free gear 121 in FIGS. 8 to 10 . For example, the plunger 120 is designed in the shape of a rod, and reaches the free gear 121 through a corresponding recess.

It is advantageous if a rotary decoupling 125 is provided, since the hub 133 and the fixed gear 115 rotate at different speeds relative to the free gear 121 before being synchronized. For example, the sliding sleeve 123 and the rotary decoupling are designed in an annular shape. The fixed gear 115 and the left free gear 121 are also reversible. The rotary decoupling 125 can then be omitted. It is also possible to integrate the plunger 120 and the slide 119 into one component.

1, 11: Transmission
2, 3: Transmission input shaft
4, 14, 114: output shaft
8, 9, 115: fixed gear
12, 13: transmission shaft
15: double free gear unit
16, 116 Actuating device
17, 117: working sleeve
18, 118, 132: coupling mechanism
19, 20, 75, 76, 119: slide
21, 22, 27, 121, 122: free gear
23, 24, 123, 124 : sliding sleeve
25 : sliding sleeve carrier
26, 59: coupling body
28, 29: arrow
30 : Home
31, 131: axis of rotation
32, 70: coupling element
33, 133: Hub
34, 88, 89: locking contour
35, 37: lamp
36: coupling contour
38, 39, 81, 82, 87, 90: limit stop
40, 41: guide surface
50: output gear wheel
51, 52: free gear coupling system
53: floating bearing
54: fixed bearing
55, 61, 62, 73, 74: spline
56, 64: synchronizer ring
57: sliding ring
58: thrust ring
65, 66: spring element
67, 68: axial bearing
69, 71: sleeve
78: locking ring
84: guide ring
85: guide plank
86, 91: feed through
92: screw
120: plunger
125: rotary decoupling

Claims (13)

It has at least two sliding sleeves 23, 24; 123, 124 and operates at least two free gears 21, 22; 121, 122 arranged adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the output shaft 14; An actuating device (16; 116) comprising:
The actuating sleeve ( 17 ; 117 ) is movable between three actuating positions by means of the two sliding sleeves ( 23 , 24 ; 123 , 124 ) which can be actuated, while the sliding sleeve ( 23 , 24 ; 123 ) is movable. , 124) is movable only between two switching positions. Actuating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuating sleeve (117) is engaged with the sliding sleeve (124). 3. The actuating sleeve (17; 117) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the actuating sleeve (17; 117) is operatively connected with at least one coupling mechanism (18; 118), the free gear (21; 121)/the free gear ( 21; via a fixed gear 17/free gear 22; 27 having a fixed gear 17/fixed gear 115 for non-rotational connection to the sliding sleeve 23, 24; 123 Actuating device, characterized in that it comprises at least one slide (19, 20; 119) operatively connectable to one of the 4. The actuator according to claim 3, wherein said coupling mechanism (18; 118) is mounted to said slide (19; 119), said actuating sleeve (17; Actuating device, characterized in that it comprises at least one coupling element (32; 70; 132) displaceable in a central position ( FIG. 3 ) of 117 ). 5. The actuating sleeve (17) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the actuating sleeve (17) on which the two sliding sleeves (23, 24) can actuate is in the axial direction between the two free gears (21, 22). Characterized in that arranged as, the actuating device. 6. The sliding sleeve (23, 24) according to claim 5, wherein the actuating sleeve (17) is movable between three actuating positions (figs. ), characterized in that it can only move, the actuating device. 7. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the actuating device (16) is assigned to the free gear (21, 22) to actuate one of the sliding sleeves (23, 24). Actuating device, characterized in that it comprises said coupling mechanism (18) having at least two slides (19, 20; 76) actuable via an actuating sleeve (17). 8. The actuating sleeve (17) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the actuating sleeve (17) has at least one coupling profile (36) with a ramp (37), the hub (33) having a ramp (35) Actuating device, characterized in that it has at least one locking contour (34) with 9. The slide (19, 20; 76) and the actuating sleeve (17) according to claim 8, wherein the actuating sleeve (17) has effective limit stops (39, 38) in the respective closing direction, the coupling element (32, 70) comprising: Actuating device, characterized in that the slides (19, 20; 76) are guided in an axial to circumferential direction. 10. The free gear according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the actuating sleeve (17) is along an idle path (between FIGS. 3 and 4) relative to the hub (33) and the coupling element (32, 70). Actuating device, characterized in that it is movable in the axial direction between (21, 22). 11. Actuating device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two free gears (21, 22) are engaged with each other in a double free gear unit (15). 12. Actuating two or more of the free gears (21, 22) arranged adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the output shaft (14) with the actuating device (16) according to any one of the preceding claims. How to. A transmission (11) having a pair of said free gears (21, 22) to which said actuating device (16) according to any one of the preceding claims is assigned.

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