KR20210038684A - Precast building construction system - Google Patents

Abstract

Precast Building Construction System A building construction system uses precast concrete panels 10 interconnected in an array to provide both floor and ceiling of a multi-unit building. Each panel has a reinforced precast concrete slab with a top surface 12 and downstands 18, 20 that provide a continuous fence below the floor surface. Grooved voids 44, 58 are preformed in the upper and lower surfaces of the downstand to accommodate connectors 54, 56, 57 or 60, 62, 66 and 50, 52 for connecting adjacent panels. . To connect the panels together to create a grouted shear key 59, a preformed recess 19 is provided at the edge of the panel.

Description

Precast building construction system

The present invention relates to a building system using precast concrete elements. More specifically, the present invention relates to a system in which a structure is supported, using only concrete columns and walls, instead of using a separate horizontal beam for supporting the structure or instead of a steel frame.

In particular, the present invention is applicable to a residential construction system for multiple residences, such as hostels, apartment houses, or hotels suitable for modular construction, due to a plurality of identical or similar residential units. In addition, these structures are divided into relatively small units, making them the appropriate size to be produced from a series of precast panels.

The problem with precast concrete buildings without a frame with horizontal girders is that the joints between the precast elements must transmit vertical loads, diaphragm lateral forces to the stability structure (typically the core and/or shear walls), and most It is necessary to provide a certain amount of vertical and horizontal cohesion for the rigidity required by the building codes of the building. A typical solution is to cast in situ structural toppings.

An additional problem is that, due to any on-site construction tolerances, it interferes with the direct placement of the finish, and if the floor joint is exposed, the joint opens and closes as the floor is loaded, damaging the finish. A typical solution is to provide an additional on-site construction screed on the structural top.

An additional problem is that the floor must be laid on a girder, which is usually placed one after the other on the column and on the wall. A common solution to avoiding girders is to use thick flat slabs that span in both directions. Building services distribution takes place under the floor slab. The thickness of the slab affects the height of the building.

Therefore, there is a technical problem in creating a precast construction system that allows a variety of layouts to be created without independent support girders, along with a connection system that requires minimal on-site assembly while achieving the structural performance requirements as described above. . By solving this problem, installation time and total construction cost are reduced.

In addition, not only minimizes the thickness of the floor to minimize the overall height and construction cost (especially that of the cladding), but also minimizes the vertical structure required to support the floor, while maximizing the number of units for a given height There is a problem.

A number of precast components for various purposes have been disclosed in the prior art. For example, DE19842742 (March 23, 2000 (DENNERT)) discloses a prefabricated modular base plate for buildings with separate dependent feet at each corner. It teaches that the slabs can be connected, but the connection is not clear, does not carry vertical and/or horizontal loads, and the base is not connected. These panels are intended to be used only for the foundation layer.

The invention is limited to the appended claims.

The solution of the present invention is a building construction system that uses large precast floor panels, which do not require separate and separate support girders, overhead beams for on-site structures to be placed on site, connected together to create a finished floor. to be. The panel has a downstand around the perimeter. The downstands are brought together and joined. The panels can only be supported by vertical concrete columns and wall elements defining the structure, without the need for independent girders.

Typically, the floor panels are sized to sit on a single residential unit, such as a hotel or student accommodation room, or a bedroom or living area, so that the downstand around the perimeter matches the perimeter of the residential unit.

Embodiments of the present invention use precast concrete panels sized to be lifted through a single crane hook. The panel has circumferential longitudinal and transverse downstands. Preferably, the longitudinal downstands are along the edges of the panels and are adjacent to each other when the panels are assembled into an array, so that the panels can be interconnected, without the need for direct support of each panel, to a support column or wall. Make it possible to connect.

The downstand provides support for the slab, allowing it to be considerably thinner than a typical flat slab construction. The floor fixture under the slab can penetrate the downstand, thus reducing the combined thickness of the floor slab and fixture. This results in a lower floor-to-floor height.

The connection system between panels is a combination of a preformed void or cast-in steel bracket of a socket and a grouted connector, and a continuous floor across adjacent panels. It uses a grouted shear key formed within the side of the adjacent downstand, designed to create a. The connector can be designed to hold all adjacent panels together on the upper surface to prevent hogging, and if the panel is not supported by a column, it can be designed as a tension connector on the lower surface to prevent settling. have.

In addition, the upper surface connector restricts movement according to the load, prevents opening of the grouted joint, and enables direct placement of the finishing material using only a debonding membrane through a substantially flat surface, thereby allowing for on-site casting. Eliminates the need for a construction screed.

The grouted shear key in combination with the connector allows a continuous floor panel to transmit diaphragm transverse forces to the stability element and to provide sufficient rigidity binding without the need for any cast-in-place construction overhead.

In order that the present invention may be better understood, some embodiments thereof will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings, as the accompanying schematic drawings:
1 shows a perspective view of an array of four interconnected panels of the invention showing the connection with the supporting wall section and the column;
Fig. 2 is a view from below of the array of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 shows the connections between panels for the array of Fig. 1;
4 shows how the array of FIG. 1 forms part of the floor of a building structure;
5 shows how an array of panels can form part of a building structure;
Figure 6 is a view from below of an array similar to that of Figure 5;
7 is a perspective view of a single panel of the present invention;
8 is a series of drawings showing the construction steps of the floor of a structure using the system of the present invention;
9 is a perspective view of a connecting portion connecting adjacent panels;
Fig. 10 is a view from below of the adjacent panel connection of Fig. 9;
11 is a cross-sectional view of a connecting portion connecting adjacent panel downstands of FIGS. 9 and 10;
Figure 12 shows a perspective view of an additional type of connector that is disconnected in the field;
13 shows one embodiment of a panel connection to a post, using built-in reinforced double-headed studs in the downstand;
14 shows an embodiment of a panel connection with a wall, using built-in reinforced double-headed studs in a downstand supported by a wall section; And
15 is a perspective view of a detail of a corner connection between four adjacent panels in the absence of a downstand in the central access passage.

The building construction system described is primarily for multi-dwelling residential buildings, where the building is divided into residential units, the residential units may contain bathroom pods and are of sufficiently suitable size (e.g. 3 mx 7.2 m). , And preferably less than or equal to 4.5 m wide or 10 m long). The building element that creates both the floor and the ceiling is a large precast plate or panel 10. The panel has a substantially flat top surface 12 at least in a central portion of the panel, and may have a round or beveled top edge 14. The floor plan of the building can be assembled into an array of interconnected panels that can all be the same size or can be selected from a limited set of panel sizes. Each panel consists of a thin concrete slab 16, e.g. 150 mm deep, with a downstand 18, e.g. 300 mm deep, along the intended periphery of the residential unit, with a girder depth of 450 mm. To form. In this embodiment, the downstand 18 extends along each longitudinal edge and is connected by two transverse downstands 20, so that the downstands are in the manner of an inverted "bathtub" to the floor surface. They are interlocked to create a continuous enclosure below.

The term downstand in the context of this specification is intended to refer to an incidental extension from the major plane of the panel, which is the depth to transmit the necessary structural loads to adjacent panels and supports.

The depth of the downstand 18 dictates the overall depth of the panel and is typically located within the building wall area. The depth of the thin concrete slab 16 maintained at a structural minimum is located within the usable plan area of the building space, thereby minimizing the height of the entire building. For a 3 mx 7.2 m panel as described above with a 300 mm downstand, the ratio of the total depth to the floor-to-floor height of the panel is typically 1:9, and the slab depth of the panel to the floor-to- The floor height ratio is typically 1:18. These figures are given by way of example only to illustrate that the depth of the downstand and slab is small compared to the height of the support column 90 or wall 30 in the structure (typically 2.5 m). The present invention does not include a proposal for a precast element that provides a large and heavy U-shaped structure that combines wall and floor elements.

If there is a central passage, one of the transverse downstands 20 can be offset from the end of the panel, as best shown in FIGS. 2 and 15. Due to this, the downstand fence is terminated by not reaching the end 28 of the slab. Accordingly, the downstand 18 can surround the residential unit and allow the necessary passage for entry. Adjacent downstands of adjacent floor panels together create an integral girder supporting the panel. An opening 22 of an appropriate size is provided in the slab 16. The openings in the slab are to be designed so as not to interfere with the downstand. The opening 23 of the downstand is designed in detail to allow the installation to pass. The opening of the downstand is designed as a slot to allow the power distribution facility to be integrated within the depth of the downstand.

In order to facilitate alignment with the reinforcing bars 26 protruding from the supporting wall section 30 or column 90, notches 24 are preformed at various locations along the side edges of the panel.

)의 설치를 원활하게 하기 위해, 패널의 건축물 둘레 측면 에지 내에 사설 채널(proprietary channel) 연결부(27)가 캐스트 성형된다.Building facade (

In order to facilitate the installation of ), a proprietary channel connection 27 is cast-molded in the lateral edge of the circumferential structure of the panel.

Panel 10 may include radiant heating and cooling pipes in a precast component.

A panel measuring 3 m x 7.2 m as described above weighs about 10 tons and can be lifted into place via a single crane hook. For larger units, a maximum weight of, for example, 20 tons can still be lifted with a single hook.

Connection

The connection connects adjacent panels to create a continuous floor and side diaphragm structure capable of transmitting vertical loads to the support column 90 or wall 30. The general principle of the connectors to be described herein is that they generally have a connector plate that fits within a preformed recess 43 of the panel. The plates are bolted within the panel and to other adjacent panels, so that adjacent downstands are joined together to create an integral girder, so that, when grouting, the panel can carry the vertical load supporting the floor only on the wall or column. have. Several types of connectors will now be described.

When adjacent panels are not supported, the connector allows the downstand of the panel to form an integral continuous girder between the supports. In addition, in locations where settlement may be a problem, a connector recess 43 may be formed on the lower surface of the downstand. 9 to 11 show an embodiment of a connector for use in this situation. Through this connector, the plates 54 and 56 fit both on the upper surface of the panel and on the lower surface of two adjacent downstands. The location of this type of connector is shown in FIG. 9. Inner grooved voids 58 extend from the upper surface of each panel to the lower surface of the downstand. Each plate 54, 56 has two pairs of protruding bolts 57 that fit within the void. Plates and bolts that fit from both sides are grouted into place.

Another design of the connector is shown in FIG. 12. The base 60 of this connector supports four protruding rods 62 each having a socket 64 as an upper end. The rod-bearing connector fits within a void 58 in an adjacent panel. The upper part 66 of this connector is a plate having four protruding bolts 65 that fit into the socket of the rod. Plates and rods are grouted into place.

In addition, in order to accommodate the connector of the type described in GB1721561.7 of Laing O'Rourke Plc filed on December 2321, 2017, in a hogging support where the top of the panel is subjected to tension, along the side of the panel 10, An additional joining recess 42 with grooved voids 44 is formed. This connector uses a plate 50 that fits over adjacent recesses 42. The plate is secured in the panel by bolts 52 that pass through the openings of the plate and into the voids 44 below. The connector can then be grouted in place. Similar connectors can be used even if there are no recesses and it is not necessary to have a flat top surface at such a point. One embodiment of such a connector location is shown in FIG. 3.

By forming a recess 32 in the corner of the panel at the inner end, the rectangular connector plate 34 can be bolted in place, and the four panels without a downstand are connected together. To illustrate how the head bolt 36 fixed to the connector plate is received into the preformed grooved void 40 in the base of the recess 32, the corner connector plate 34 is shown in cross-sectional view in FIG. Is shown. The connector plate, together with its head bolts, is grouted in place over the joints of the four panels to make a permanent connection between the panels. The bolts 36 can be permanently welded to the plate 34, or they can be screwed in place so that the connection can be detachable.

Depending on the type of force occurring at the various joints, a limited number of connector types may be required for different locations within the structure, but all connectors can be designed using plates and bolts of a similar principle, so in many cases the parts are common. And is interchangeable.

The reinforced double-headed stud 68 may be positioned in both horizontal and vertical orientations within the body of the downstand, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14. The studs are placed during the factory cast molding process. These studs cooperate with reinforcing bars 26 to reinforce the structure at that point on the column and wall sections.

Upon installation and grouting of the connectors 54, 56, 57 or 60, 62, 66 and 50, 52, adjacent panels are structurally connected together, and the downstand together with the connectors, an integral girder ( In the prior art, since they are supplied as separate girders that require a separate construction step), they can span between supporting columns or walls without the need for separate girders.

Upon installation and grouting of all connectors, a floor slab with sufficient horizontal clamping force is formed for rigidity.

Between adjacent panel downstands 18 and 20, the vertical surface of the downstand is recessed 19 in the longitudinal direction, forming shear key voids 59 between the connected panels. These shear key voids are grouted when the panel is installed.

During the installation and grouting of the connector and the grouting of the shear key 59, a continuous floor slab diaphragm capable of transmitting the lateral force to the building stability structure is formed.

Construction process

4-6, and 8 illustrate how the system is used to create a floor or floor of a building. The panel 10 is arranged according to the plan view and is connected to the concrete column 90 and the wall section 30 which are constructed as needed. Note that the downstand limits the perimeter of the residential space. For the larger spaces shown in the designs of Figures 5 and 6, two or more panels are combined to provide the floor/ceiling of that residential space. Then, the next floor is constructed by lifting it on the next layer of the panel 10 in the same configuration as the floor below. The underside or underside of the panel may form the exposed ceiling of the residential unit, and may also form the floor of the above unit.

As shown in Fig. 8 illustrating an exemplary series of events during the construction process, a minimum of struts are required. The support struts 80 are only needed in locations where adjacent panels are connected, in locations where there are no permanent columns or wall sections required for the structure. The column and wall elements can be structurally connected by means of reinforcing bars 26 passing between adjacent downstands. The notch 24 provides space for reinforcement and surrounding concrete. The reinforcing bar 26 may be grouted or concrete poured in place.

Various connectors as described above are used at different positions depending on the force generated.

If settlement is possible, a connector as described with reference to Figs. 9 to 12 is used. When such a connector is installed in a position where a temporary strut is provided, a connector plate 56 or 60 having its bolts protruding upwardly from its position can be disposed on the strut, so that as the panel is lowered into position, it protrudes. It can be manipulated so that the bolt enters the preformed void 58.

If the column or wall section is constructed with protruding reinforcement, it may be possible to lower the panel into place so that the reinforcement is fitted between adjacent downstands.

For certain types of connections, it may be necessary to notch or thicken the downstands in certain restricted areas, for example it may be possible to notch the panels so that they can be supported on the edge of the post. This feature can be preformed within the panel if it is cast molded. In order to allow space for the passage of equipment such as air supply pipes in the central part of the passage area, the downstand 18 can be terminated short of the free end, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 15. Notching may be necessary in adjacent wall panels.

The panels or panels are bolted together by a connector plate and grouted joint to create a flat surface ready for use. The solution does not have a concrete structure roof or building screed, and because the installation is integrated within the depth of the girder, this generally reduces the floor depth and the building height.

By using the panel as described, compared to the existing technology, the construction time can be considerably shortened, and thus the cost can be reduced. The overall weight of the building is also reduced, which can lead to savings in foundations, piles and other building elements.

By using panels, it is possible to incorporate in the slab radiant heating and cooling, which are low energy cooling or heating systems.

By matching the downstand to the perimeter of the residential unit, often the underside of the panel will be able to form a ceiling for the unit.

Claims (7)

As a precast concrete floor panel suitable for being interconnected and supported on a wall or column of a multi-storey building,
A reinforced precast concrete slab 10 having a substantially flat top floor surface 12; And
An integral downstand (18, 20) around or adjacent to the panel,
The downstand provides a continuous fence below the floor surface,
Voids 44, 58 are preformed in the upper and lower surfaces of the downstand to accommodate connectors 54, 56, 57 or 60, 62, 66 and 50, 52 for connecting adjacent panels,
A precast concrete floor panel, wherein adjacent downstands to be connected create an integral girder, such that upon grouting, the panel is able to transmit a vertical load supporting the floor only on a wall or column. The method of claim 1,
By forming a recess 19 in the outer vertical downstand surface, the adjacent recesses create shear key voids 59 that can be grouted after assembly to form a grouted shear key joint. The method of claim 1,
The downstand comprises a double-headed stud (68) that is cast in both horizontal and vertical orientations. The method of claim 1,
At least some of the voids have a groove therein, a precast concrete floor panel. The method of claim 1,
At least some of the voids (44, 58) are surrounded by recesses (42, 43) sized to receive plates of connectors for interconnecting the panels. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
A precast concrete floor panel, in which a notch (24) is formed along the edge of the panel to position the vertical column or wall reinforcement (26). As a full diaphragm floor for multi-storey buildings,
An array of panels according to claim 2; And
Including a connector (54, 56, 57 or 60, 62, 66 and 50, 52),
The connecting adjacent panels in combination with a grouted shear key joint 59 allow the complete diaphragm floor to be created without the need for a cast-in-place construction overhead.

Images