KR20200118408A - 아우리스타틴 e 유도체의 알부민-결합 전구약물 - Google Patents
아우리스타틴 e 유도체의 알부민-결합 전구약물 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20200118408A KR20200118408A KR1020207018898A KR20207018898A KR20200118408A KR 20200118408 A KR20200118408 A KR 20200118408A KR 1020207018898 A KR1020207018898 A KR 1020207018898A KR 20207018898 A KR20207018898 A KR 20207018898A KR 20200118408 A KR20200118408 A KR 20200118408A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- sulf07
- compound
- group
- days
- optionally substituted
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K5/02—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing at least one abnormal peptide link
- C07K5/0205—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing at least one abnormal peptide link containing the structure -NH-(X)3-C(=0)-, e.g. statine or derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/07—Tetrapeptides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
- A61K47/40—Cyclodextrins; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/54—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
- A61K47/64—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent
- A61K47/643—Albumins, e.g. HSA, BSA, ovalbumin or a Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin [KHL]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Communicable Diseases (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201762592721P | 2017-11-30 | 2017-11-30 | |
| US62/592,721 | 2017-11-30 | ||
| PCT/US2018/063376 WO2019108974A1 (en) | 2017-11-30 | 2018-11-30 | Albumin-binding prodrugs of auristatin e derivatives |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR20200118408A true KR20200118408A (ko) | 2020-10-15 |
Family
ID=64744961
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020207018898A Pending KR20200118408A (ko) | 2017-11-30 | 2018-11-30 | 아우리스타틴 e 유도체의 알부민-결합 전구약물 |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11377473B2 (https=) |
| EP (2) | EP3717503B1 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JP7359449B2 (https=) |
| KR (1) | KR20200118408A (https=) |
| CN (2) | CN111712511B (https=) |
| AU (1) | AU2018375787B2 (https=) |
| BR (1) | BR112020009836A2 (https=) |
| DK (1) | DK3717503T3 (https=) |
| ES (1) | ES2970618T3 (https=) |
| IL (1) | IL274919B2 (https=) |
| MX (1) | MX2020005658A (https=) |
| NZ (1) | NZ764948A (https=) |
| PT (1) | PT3717503T (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO2019108974A1 (https=) |
| ZA (1) | ZA202002951B (https=) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11384104B2 (en) | 2015-06-19 | 2022-07-12 | Centurion Biopharma Corporation | Delivery systems for controlled drug release |
| IL305268A (en) | 2017-11-30 | 2023-10-01 | Centurion Biopharma Corp | Maytansinoid-based drug delivery systems |
| CN113321698B (zh) * | 2020-02-28 | 2022-08-23 | 国家纳米科学中心 | 一种单甲基澳瑞他汀e前药及其制备方法和应用 |
| KR20230012592A (ko) * | 2020-05-19 | 2023-01-26 | 르 라보레또레 쎄르비에르 | 파라-아미노-벤질 링커, 이의 제조 방법 및 컨쥬게이트에서의 이의 용도 |
| CN115969986A (zh) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-04-18 | 上海药明生物技术有限公司 | 羟丙基β环糊精稳定MMAE类抗体药物偶联物制剂的应用 |
| WO2024230301A1 (zh) * | 2023-05-09 | 2024-11-14 | 诺灵生物医药科技(北京)有限公司 | 一种抗体偶联药物及其用途 |
| CN116813569B (zh) * | 2023-07-10 | 2024-07-02 | 衡阳市中心医院 | 一种抗癌药中间体的制备方法和抗癌药的制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (31)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4125704A (en) | 1977-09-14 | 1978-11-14 | Sri International | Phenyl-substituted rubidazone analogs |
| GB8308235D0 (en) | 1983-03-25 | 1983-05-05 | Celltech Ltd | Polypeptides |
| US4816567A (en) | 1983-04-08 | 1989-03-28 | Genentech, Inc. | Recombinant immunoglobin preparations |
| GB8422238D0 (en) | 1984-09-03 | 1984-10-10 | Neuberger M S | Chimeric proteins |
| US4699880A (en) | 1984-09-25 | 1987-10-13 | Immunomedics, Inc. | Method of producing monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody |
| GB8607679D0 (en) | 1986-03-27 | 1986-04-30 | Winter G P | Recombinant dna product |
| US5225539A (en) | 1986-03-27 | 1993-07-06 | Medical Research Council | Recombinant altered antibodies and methods of making altered antibodies |
| US4946778A (en) | 1987-09-21 | 1990-08-07 | Genex Corporation | Single polypeptide chain binding molecules |
| ATE243754T1 (de) | 1987-05-21 | 2003-07-15 | Micromet Ag | Multifunktionelle proteine mit vorbestimmter zielsetzung |
| US4966999A (en) | 1988-06-07 | 1990-10-30 | Cytogen Corporation | Radiohalogenated compounds for site specific labeling |
| IL162181A (en) | 1988-12-28 | 2006-04-10 | Pdl Biopharma Inc | A method of producing humanized immunoglubulin, and polynucleotides encoding the same |
| EP0519596B1 (en) | 1991-05-17 | 2005-02-23 | Merck & Co. Inc. | A method for reducing the immunogenicity of antibody variable domains |
| AU665025B2 (en) | 1991-09-23 | 1995-12-14 | Cambridge Antibody Technology Limited | Production of chimeric antibodies - a combinatorial approach |
| DE614989T1 (de) | 1993-02-17 | 1995-09-28 | Morphosys Proteinoptimierung | Verfahren für in vivo Selektion von Ligandenbindende Proteine. |
| DE19926154A1 (de) | 1999-06-09 | 2000-12-14 | Ktb Tumorforschungs Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer injizierbaren Arzneimittelzubereitung |
| GB0004297D0 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2000-04-12 | Ucb Sa | 2-oxo-1 pyrrolidine derivatives process for preparing them and their uses |
| US6884869B2 (en) * | 2001-04-30 | 2005-04-26 | Seattle Genetics, Inc. | Pentapeptide compounds and uses related thereto |
| WO2005055939A2 (en) | 2003-12-04 | 2005-06-23 | Amr Technology, Inc. | Vinca derivatives |
| SI2032606T1 (sl) * | 2006-05-30 | 2014-02-28 | Genentech, Inc. | Protitelesa in imunokonjugati in njihove uporabe |
| JP5634862B2 (ja) | 2007-05-16 | 2014-12-03 | カーテーベー トゥモーアフォルシュングス ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 低粘度アントラサイクリン製剤 |
| EP2289558A1 (en) | 2009-08-25 | 2011-03-02 | KTB Tumorforschungsgesellschaft mbH | Bisphosphonate-prodrugs |
| EP2630971B8 (en) | 2012-02-21 | 2017-12-13 | Vergell Medical S.A. | Combinations of albumin-based drug delivery systems |
| US20140221429A1 (en) | 2013-02-04 | 2014-08-07 | Saud Ibrahim Al-Resayes | Heterocyclic schiff's bases as novel and new antiglycation agents |
| FR3005051A1 (fr) * | 2013-04-25 | 2014-10-31 | Pf Medicament | Derives de la dolastatine 10 et d'auristatines |
| JP6908964B2 (ja) * | 2013-10-18 | 2021-07-28 | ピーエスエムエー ディベロップメント カンパニー,エルエルシー | Psmaリガンドコンジュゲートによる併用療法 |
| FR3017298B1 (fr) * | 2014-02-07 | 2016-03-04 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Conjugues et pro-drogues pour le traitement du cancer et de maladies inflammatoires |
| MX2017004580A (es) * | 2014-10-10 | 2017-06-27 | Pfizer | Combinaciones de auristatina sinergica. |
| AU2016280696B2 (en) | 2015-06-15 | 2021-11-18 | Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. | Stabilized lactate responsive enzymes, electrodes and sensors, and methods for making and using the same |
| US11384104B2 (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2022-07-12 | Centurion Biopharma Corporation | Delivery systems for controlled drug release |
| IL305268A (en) | 2017-11-30 | 2023-10-01 | Centurion Biopharma Corp | Maytansinoid-based drug delivery systems |
| US11632502B2 (en) | 2021-09-10 | 2023-04-18 | Pixart Imaging Inc. | Optical sensor cancelling image flicker |
-
2018
- 2018-11-30 CN CN201880088118.0A patent/CN111712511B/zh active Active
- 2018-11-30 WO PCT/US2018/063376 patent/WO2019108974A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2018-11-30 ES ES18822212T patent/ES2970618T3/es active Active
- 2018-11-30 MX MX2020005658A patent/MX2020005658A/es unknown
- 2018-11-30 BR BR112020009836-1A patent/BR112020009836A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-11-30 EP EP18822212.9A patent/EP3717503B1/en active Active
- 2018-11-30 US US16/768,436 patent/US11377473B2/en active Active
- 2018-11-30 AU AU2018375787A patent/AU2018375787B2/en active Active
- 2018-11-30 EP EP23207873.3A patent/EP4344747A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-11-30 CN CN202410777137.1A patent/CN118852324A/zh active Pending
- 2018-11-30 KR KR1020207018898A patent/KR20200118408A/ko active Pending
- 2018-11-30 NZ NZ764948A patent/NZ764948A/en unknown
- 2018-11-30 DK DK18822212.9T patent/DK3717503T3/da active
- 2018-11-30 PT PT188222129T patent/PT3717503T/pt unknown
- 2018-11-30 JP JP2020529313A patent/JP7359449B2/ja active Active
- 2018-11-30 IL IL274919A patent/IL274919B2/en unknown
-
2020
- 2020-05-20 ZA ZA2020/02951A patent/ZA202002951B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4344747A2 (en) | 2024-04-03 |
| JP2021505541A (ja) | 2021-02-18 |
| JP7359449B2 (ja) | 2023-10-11 |
| IL274919B2 (en) | 2025-05-01 |
| CN111712511B (zh) | 2024-07-16 |
| ES2970618T3 (es) | 2024-05-29 |
| EP3717503B1 (en) | 2023-11-08 |
| AU2018375787A1 (en) | 2020-06-18 |
| US11377473B2 (en) | 2022-07-05 |
| DK3717503T3 (da) | 2024-01-22 |
| BR112020009836A2 (pt) | 2020-10-13 |
| NZ764948A (en) | 2024-08-30 |
| ZA202002951B (en) | 2023-10-25 |
| CN118852324A (zh) | 2024-10-29 |
| WO2019108974A1 (en) | 2019-06-06 |
| AU2018375787B2 (en) | 2023-02-23 |
| US20200385421A1 (en) | 2020-12-10 |
| MX2020005658A (es) | 2020-11-11 |
| EP4344747A3 (en) | 2024-07-03 |
| PT3717503T (pt) | 2024-01-16 |
| RU2020121451A (ru) | 2021-12-30 |
| IL274919B1 (en) | 2025-01-01 |
| CA3083983A1 (en) | 2019-06-06 |
| IL274919A (en) | 2020-07-30 |
| CN111712511A (zh) | 2020-09-25 |
| EP3717503A1 (en) | 2020-10-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| KR20200118408A (ko) | 아우리스타틴 e 유도체의 알부민-결합 전구약물 | |
| JP2023052413A (ja) | 薬物制御放出のための送達系 | |
| US20230391794A1 (en) | Maytansinoid-based drug delivery systems | |
| RU2795101C2 (ru) | Альбумин-связывающие пролекарства на основе производных ауристатина е | |
| CA3083983C (en) | Albumin-binding prodrugs of auristatin e derivatives | |
| HK40110772A (en) | Albumin-binding prodrugs of auristatin e derivatives | |
| HK40040808B (en) | Albumin-binding prodrugs of auristatin e derivatives | |
| HK40040808A (en) | Albumin-binding prodrugs of auristatin e derivatives | |
| RU2783076C2 (ru) | Системы доставки лекарств на основе майтанзиноида | |
| HK40069235A (en) | Delivery systems for controlled drug release | |
| BR112017027445B1 (pt) | Compostos, composição farmacêutica e uso dos mesmos para tratar um câncer, uma doença viral, uma doença autoimune, uma doença inflamatória aguda ou crônica e uma doença causada por bactérias, fungos, ou outros micro-organismos | |
| HK1254624B (en) | Delivery systems for controlled drug release |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PA0105 | International application |
St.27 status event code: A-0-1-A10-A15-nap-PA0105 |
|
| P11-X000 | Amendment of application requested |
St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P11-nap-X000 |
|
| P13-X000 | Application amended |
St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P13-nap-X000 |
|
| PG1501 | Laying open of application |
St.27 status event code: A-1-1-Q10-Q12-nap-PG1501 |
|
| A201 | Request for examination | ||
| E13-X000 | Pre-grant limitation requested |
St.27 status event code: A-2-3-E10-E13-lim-X000 |
|
| P11-X000 | Amendment of application requested |
St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P11-nap-X000 |
|
| P13-X000 | Application amended |
St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P13-nap-X000 |
|
| PA0201 | Request for examination |
St.27 status event code: A-1-2-D10-D11-exm-PA0201 |
|
| E902 | Notification of reason for refusal | ||
| PE0902 | Notice of grounds for rejection |
St.27 status event code: A-1-2-D10-D21-exm-PE0902 |
|
| E13-X000 | Pre-grant limitation requested |
St.27 status event code: A-2-3-E10-E13-lim-X000 |
|
| P11-X000 | Amendment of application requested |
St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P11-nap-X000 |
|
| P13-X000 | Application amended |
St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P13-nap-X000 |
|
| E601 | Decision to refuse application | ||
| PE0601 | Decision on rejection of patent |
St.27 status event code: N-2-6-B10-B15-exm-PE0601 |
|
| PN2301 | Change of applicant |
St.27 status event code: A-3-3-R10-R13-asn-PN2301 St.27 status event code: A-3-3-R10-R11-asn-PN2301 |
|
| T11-X000 | Administrative time limit extension requested |
St.27 status event code: U-3-3-T10-T11-oth-X000 |
|
| T13-X000 | Administrative time limit extension granted |
St.27 status event code: U-3-3-T10-T13-oth-X000 |
|
| T11-X000 | Administrative time limit extension requested |
St.27 status event code: U-3-3-T10-T11-oth-X000 |
|
| T13-X000 | Administrative time limit extension granted |
St.27 status event code: U-3-3-T10-T13-oth-X000 |
|
| AMND | Amendment | ||
| E13-X000 | Pre-grant limitation requested |
St.27 status event code: A-2-3-E10-E13-lim-X000 |
|
| P11-X000 | Amendment of application requested |
St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P11-nap-X000 |
|
| P13-X000 | Application amended |
St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P13-nap-X000 |
|
| PX0901 | Re-examination |
St.27 status event code: A-2-3-E10-E12-rex-PX0901 |
|
| E902 | Notification of reason for refusal | ||
| PE0902 | Notice of grounds for rejection |
St.27 status event code: A-1-2-D10-D21-exm-PE0902 |
|
| E13-X000 | Pre-grant limitation requested |
St.27 status event code: A-2-3-E10-E13-lim-X000 |
|
| P11-X000 | Amendment of application requested |
St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P11-nap-X000 |
|
| P13-X000 | Application amended |
St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P13-nap-X000 |
|
| PX0701 | Decision of registration after re-examination |
St.27 status event code: A-3-4-F10-F13-rex-PX0701 |
|
| X701 | Decision to grant (after re-examination) |