KR20190133561A - Antimicrobial and Antifungal Composition Comprising Eugenol and Gallic Acid as Active Ingredient - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an antimicrobial and antifungal composition containing eugenol and gallic acid as active components. A mixed composition of eugenol and gallic acid according to the present invention exhibits excellent antimicrobial and antifungal activity through directly affecting harmful microorganisms, thereby being able to be usefully used in the use of a pharmaceutical composition, a cosmetic composition, a preservative for food or feed preservation and the like.

Description

Antimicrobial and Antifungal Composition Comprising Eugenol and Gallic Acid as Active Ingredient}

The present invention relates to a composition having antibacterial and antifungal activity, and more particularly to an antibacterial and antifungal composition containing eugenol and gallic acid as an active ingredient.

Some of the substances that play an important role in the process of maintaining homeostasis are biologically active substances from various organisms. Many studies have been conducted on a number of physiologically active substances, and among them, research on antimicrobial substances isolated from microorganisms, plants, or animals is a very important area in the life sciences and medicine fields.

All living organisms are known to produce antimicrobial and antifungal substances for survival. Much research has been conducted on microorganisms that produce antimicrobial and antifungal substances. Research into the development of antibacterial or antifungal agents has long been attempted.

Antimicrobial substances have a selective toxicity that kills microorganisms and are not toxic to humans or animals and are not inactivated by enzymes in the body. This is mainly due to DNA replication, transcription and translation of genetic information, and It inhibits transport, biosynthesis of cell walls, and the like, through the mechanism of inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.

The main antimicrobial agents developed to date can be divided into microorganisms, plants, etc., derived from nature and chemically synthesized.The first antimicrobial substance isolated from nature was penicillin, discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928, and then Many chemically synthesized antimicrobials are used for the treatment of diseases caused by harmful bacteria. Recently, due to increased resistance to chemically synthesized antimicrobial agents, interest in developing antimicrobials using natural antimicrobial agents has increased. It is a trend.

As a technology related to antibacterial or antifungal agents derived from nature, Ginseng extract (Patent Application No. 10-1993-0006319), Grapefruit Extract (Patent Application No. 10-1993-0006320), Fennel, Conventional Fragrance, Sessin, Camphor and Clove Mixed Extract (Patent Application No. 10-2002-0054685), Green Tea Polyphenol and Tea Tree Oil (Patent Application No. 10-2002-0028517), Sesbania Grandiprora Extract (Patent Application No. 10-2011-0015252) It has been reported so far that extracts or fractions of these various plants have antimicrobial activity.

Despite these findings, conventionally known plant extracts have a disadvantage in that they are difficult to formulate due to the inaccurate content of the components according to the extraction site, timing, and method. In addition, in order to overcome the above disadvantages, when using only a single component of the plant extract separated there was a disadvantage that does not exhibit an antimicrobial or antifungal effect enough to be utilized in industrial sites.

However, the synergistic activity of antimicrobial and antifungal activity on the combination of single components isolated from plant extracts has not been fully studied. Thus, the research results regarding antibacterial and antifungal agents using the combination of single components are insignificant.

Under this background, the present inventors have made diligent efforts to find a combination of single compounds having excellent antibacterial and antifungal activity. As a result, the combination of eugenol and gallic acid effectively inhibits various harmful bacteria and fungi, and thus is useful as an antibacterial and antifungal agent. After confirming that it can be done, the present invention was completed.

Therefore, the main object of the present invention is to provide a composition comprising eugenol and gallic acid as an active ingredient that can be effectively used as an antibacterial and antifungal agent by effectively inhibiting various harmful microorganisms.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, claims and drawings.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides an antimicrobial and antifungal composition comprising eugenol and gallic acid as active ingredients.

As a result of searching for a combination of single compounds having excellent antibacterial and antifungal efficacy, the present inventors have found that the combination of eugenol and gallic acid significantly increases the antibacterial and antifungal effect, and there is no problem in safety when applied to the skin. It was confirmed.

As used herein, the term “eugenol” is a clear pale yellow essential oil extracted from clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, basil and bay leaves, and is a major component of about 72-90% of the essential oil extracted from cloves. Eugenol has the structure of [Formula 1], 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) or 2-methoxy-4- (2-propenyl) phenol (2-Methoxy Also called -4- (2-propenyl) phenol).

[Formula 1]

The eugenol may use a commercially available product, and may be extracted and purified from natural plants such as cloves (clove) oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, basil, and bay leaves by methods known in the art, or may be chemically synthesized and used. have.

In the present invention, the term "gallic acid (Gallic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid)" is a major constituent of tannin contained in green tea, black tea, wine, coffee, beets, etc. It is also known to contain a lot of herbal medicines such as gall bladder. Gallic acid has a structure of the following [Formula 2], also called 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid).

[Formula 2]

The gallic acid may be a commercially available product, and extracted and purified from natural plants, such as green tea, black tea, wine, coffee, and buckwheat, or medicinal herbs such as cornus oil, Schisandra chinensis, hawthorn, and quince, by methods known in the art, It can be synthesized chemically.

In the antimicrobial and antifungal compositions of the present invention, the eugenol and gallic acid are most preferably combined in a weight ratio of 1: 8 to 1: 4.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the eugenol and gallic acid were mixed at various ratios to prepare an antimicrobial and antifungal composition, and the agar diffusion test and the microbial growth minimum inhibition concentration evaluation were performed to confirm the antimicrobial activity of the prepared composition. Was performed. As a result, it was confirmed that the combination of eugenol and gallic acid showed excellent antimicrobial activity as a whole, especially when compared with methylparaben and phenoxyethanol used as a control and a commercially available antimicrobial agent, eugenol and gallic acid were 1: 8 to It was confirmed that the composition mixed in a ratio of 1: 4 has a synergistic or added antifungal effect, and the composition mixed with eugenol and gallic acid in a ratio of 1: 8 has the best synergistic effect. .

The antimicrobial and antifungal compositions of the present invention have a broad antimicrobial spectrum, specifically, antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and fungi.

The composition of the present invention specifically has antifungal activity against fungi of the genus Candida and Aspergillus, and more specifically, antifungal activity against Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger. However, the present invention is not limited thereto.

In addition, the composition of the present invention specifically has antimicrobial activity against Escherichia sp. Strains, and Gram-negative strains of Pseudomonas spp., More specifically Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas ergies. There is antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, but is not limited thereto.

In addition, the composition of the present invention has an antimicrobial activity against Bacillus sp. Strain, and Gram-positive strains of the Staphylococcus spp., More specifically Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sub Antibacterial activity against bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, but is not limited thereto.

In the examples of the present invention, the antimicrobial effect of the combination of eugenol and gallic acid was assayed. As a result, it was confirmed that these combinations had very good antimicrobial activity compared to each single compound.

According to another aspect of the invention, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for antibacterial and antifungal comprising the eugenol and gallic acid as an active ingredient. The combination of the eugenol and gallic acid compounds of the present invention exhibits excellent antibacterial and antifungal activity through direct effects on harmful microorganisms, and thus may be usefully used as pharmaceutical compositions for antibacterial and antifungal compounds.

On the other hand, antimicrobial and antifungal compositions comprising eugenol and gallic acid of the present invention as an active ingredient may be prepared in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. Specifically, salts can be formed by the addition of acids, for example inorganic acids (e.g. hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, etc.), organic carboxylic acids (e.g. acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid) Acetic acid, propionic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, salicylic acid) and acidic sugars (glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, gluconic acid, ascorbic acid), acidic polysaccharides (e.g. hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, Salts can be formed by addition of organic sulfonic acids (eg, methane, sulfonic acid, p-toluene sulfonic acid), including sulfonic acid sugar esters such as arginine acid), chondroitin sulfate.

Antimicrobial and antifungal compositions comprising eugenol and gallic acid of the present invention as active ingredients can be administered orally or parenterally during clinical administration as a substance isolated from natural plant extracts and can be used in the form of general pharmaceutical formulations.

That is, the antimicrobial and antifungal compositions comprising eugenol and gallic acid of the present invention as active ingredients may be administered in various oral or parenteral formulations, and when formulated, commonly used fillers, extenders, binders, and wetting agents. And diluents or excipients such as disintegrants and surfactants. Formulations for parenteral administration include sterile aqueous solutions, non-aqueous solvents, suspensions, emulsions, lyophilized preparations, suppositories. As the non-aqueous solvent and the suspension solvent, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oil such as olive oil, injectable ester such as ethyl oleate, and the like can be used. As the base of the suppository, witepsol, macrogol, tween 61, cacao butter, uririnji, glycerogelatin and the like can be used.

In addition, the antimicrobial and antifungal composition comprising the eugenol and gallic acid of the present invention as an active ingredient may be used in admixture with various carriers that are accepted as pharmaceuticals, such as physiological saline or organic solvents, and increase stability or absorbency. Carbohydrates such as glucose, sucrose or dextran, antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or glutathione, chelating agents, small molecule proteins or other stabilizers can be used to Can be.

The effective dose of the antimicrobial and antifungal composition comprising eugenol and gallic acid of the present invention as an active ingredient is 0.01 to 10 mg / kg, preferably 0.1 to 1 mg / kg, and may be administered once to three times a day. Can be.

In the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention or the culture medium thereof, the total effective amount may be administered to the patient in a single dose by bolus form or by infusion for a relatively short period of time, and the like. Multiple does may be administered by a fractionated treatment protocol with long term administration. Since the concentration is determined by taking into consideration various factors such as the age and health condition of the patient as well as the route of administration and the number of treatments of the drug, in view of the above, the present invention is a person having ordinary skill in the art. Appropriate effective dosages may be determined depending upon the particular use of the eugenol and gallic acid combinations as pharmaceutical compositions.

According to another aspect of the invention, the present invention provides a cosmetic composition for antibacterial and antifungal comprising eugenol and gallic acid as an active ingredient.

The antimicrobial and antifungal composition comprising eugenol and gallic acid of the present invention as an active ingredient exhibits excellent antibacterial and antifungal activity through direct influence on harmful microorganisms, and thus may be usefully used as a cosmetic composition for antibacterial and antifungal cosmetics.

The cosmetic composition of the present invention contains components commonly used in cosmetic compositions in addition to the eugenol and gallic acid as an active ingredient, for example, conventional auxiliaries such as antioxidants, stabilizers, solubilizers, vitamins, pigments and flavorings, and Carrier.

Cosmetic compositions of the present invention may be prepared in any formulation conventionally prepared in the art and include, for example, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, pastes, gels, creams, lotions, powders, soaps, surfactant-containing cleansing , Oils, powder foundations, emulsion foundations, wax foundations and sprays, and the like, but are not limited thereto. More specifically, it may be prepared in the form of a flexible lotion (skin), nutrition lotion (milk lotion), nutrition cream, massage cream, essence, eye cream, cleansing cream, cleansing foam, cleansing water, pack, spray or powder .

When the formulation of the present invention is a paste, cream or gel, animal oil, vegetable oil, wax, paraffin, starch, tragacanta, cellulose derivative, polyethylene glycol, silicone, bentonite, silica, talc or zinc oxide are used as carrier components. Can be.

When the formulation of the present invention is a powder or a spray, lactose, talc, silica, aluminum hydroxide, calcium silicate or polyamide powder may be used, in particular in the case of a spray, additionally chlorofluorohydrocarbon, propane Propellant such as butane or dimethyl ether.

When the formulation of the present invention is a solution or emulsion, a solvent, solubilizer or emulsifier is used as the carrier component, such as water, ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1 Fatty acid esters of, 3-butylglycol oil, glycerol aliphatic ester, polyethylene glycol or sorbitan.

When the formulation of the present invention is a suspension, liquid carrier diluents such as water, ethanol or propylene glycol, suspending agents such as ethoxylated isostearyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene sorbitol esters and polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, and microcrystals are used as carrier components. Soluble cellulose, aluminum metahydroxy, bentonite, agar or tragacanta and the like can be used.

When the formulation of the present invention is a surfactant-containing cleansing, the carrier component is aliphatic alcohol sulfate, aliphatic alcohol ether sulfate, sulfosuccinic acid monoester, isethionate, imidazolinium derivative, methyltaurate, sarcosinate, fatty acid amide. Ether sulfates, alkylamidobetaines, aliphatic alcohols, fatty acid glycerides, fatty acid diethanolamides, vegetable oils, lanolin derivatives or ethoxylated glycerol fatty acid esters and the like can be used.

Specific examples of cosmetics of the present invention include a female cleanser, hand cleaner, face cream, cleansing foam, cleansing cream, cleansing milk, cleansing lotion, massage cream, cold cream, moisturizing cream, milky lotion, lotion, pack, aftershave cream, sunburn prevention cream , Suntan oil, soap, body shampoo, hair shampoo, hair rinse, hair treatment, wool, hair restorer, hair cream, hair liquid, set lotion, hair spray, hair bridge, coloring, color spray, permanent wave liquid , Press powder, loose powder, eye shadow, hand cream, lipstick, and the like.

According to another aspect of the invention, the present invention provides a food composition or feed preservation composition for antibacterial and antifungal comprising eugenol and gallic acid as an active ingredient.

Food and feed preservatives are additives used to prevent the deterioration, decay, discoloration and chemical change of food or feed, including fungicides and antioxidants, and inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and yeasts. Functional antibacterial agents, such as inhibiting the development or sterilization of decaying microorganisms in cosmetics, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and the like are included. Ideal conditions for preservatives of these foods or feeds should be nontoxic and effective in trace amounts. The antimicrobial and antifungal food composition or feed preservation composition comprising the eugenol and gallic acid of the present invention as an active ingredient exhibits excellent antimicrobial and antifungal activity through direct influence on harmful microorganisms, and thus the food or feed preservative of the food or feed, It can be widely used in cosmetic preservatives and pharmaceutical preservatives.

According to another aspect of the invention, the present invention comprises the step of administering an antimicrobial and antifungal composition comprising the eugenol and gallic acid as an active ingredient to a subject in need thereof to kill pathogenic bacteria, Provided are methods for treating bacterial or fungal infectious diseases in animals.

Although the method for treating bacterial or fungal infectious diseases of animals other than humans according to the present invention does not mean that the method of treating animals except humans is not effective in humans. In addition, in the case of humans, when considering the disease caused by bacterial or fungal infection, the symptoms of which can be improved by administration of the therapeutic composition according to the present invention can be sufficiently used in the treatment of humans.

In the present invention, the term "animal other than human" refers to horses, sheep, pigs and goats, except for humans having diseases caused by infection of bacteria or fungi whose symptoms may be improved by administration of the therapeutic composition according to the present invention. Means animals such as camels, antelopes and dogs. By administering the therapeutic composition according to the present invention to animals other than humans, diseases caused by bacterial and fungal infections can be effectively prevented and treated.

The term "administration" in the present invention means introducing a predetermined substance into the animal by any suitable method, and the route of administration of the therapeutic composition according to the present invention is oral or via any general route as long as it can reach the target tissue. Parenteral administration. In addition, the therapeutic composition according to the present invention can be administered by any device that the active ingredient can move to the target cell.

Preferred dosages for the therapeutic compositions according to the invention vary depending on the condition and weight of the animal to be treated, the extent of the disease, the form of the drug, the route of administration and the duration, and may be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art. However, for the desired effect, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is 0.01 to 10 mg / kg, preferably 0.1 to 1 mg / kg, and may be administered once to three times a day.

Since the composition of the present invention has an antibacterial and antifungal effect on its own, it can be directly used as an antibacterial and antifungal composition, and can be used in the form of mixing with other ingredients containing natural extracts having antibacterial and antifungal effects. It is expected that the antimicrobial or antifungal effect can be enhanced.

The features and advantages of the present invention are summarized as follows:

(1) The present invention provides an antimicrobial and antifungal composition comprising eugenol and gallic acid as active ingredients.

(2) The antimicrobial and antifungal compositions comprising eugenol and gallic acid of the present invention as active ingredients exhibit a broad antimicrobial and antifungal spectrum against various bacteria, and the compositions of the present invention are various bacterial infections caused by harmful microorganisms. Applicable to

(3) The composition of the present invention can also be usefully used for antibacterial, antifungal and antiseptic purposes in various fields such as cosmetic compositions, food or feed preservative additive compositions.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. Since these examples are only for illustrating the present invention, the scope of the present invention is not to be construed as being limited by these examples.

Example 1. Determination of antimicrobial activity against a single compound

1-1. Strains and Culture Conditions

In order to measure the antimicrobial effect of the extracts were carried out disk diffusion experiment to investigate the antimicrobial activity. The strain, medium, and culture temperature used to measure the antimicrobial effect are shown in Table 1 below.

TABLE 1

E. coli KCTC2571, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCTC2513, Staphylococcus aureus KCTC3881 and Bacillus subtilis KCTC1021, and the fungus albicans albicans KCTC7965) and Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger KCTC6317) were used (KCTC Bioresource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology).

1-2. Antibacterial activity verification by disk diffusion method

Each strain prepared the Nutrient Broth solution of [Table 1] and sterilized at 121 ° C. for 15 minutes, and then inoculated each cultured strain 1 Platinum in a nutrient medium solution (10 ml), and shaker incubator. Incubation in a (shaking incubator) for 24 hours to prepare a strain for the antimicrobial experiment.

To measure the minimum inhibitory concentration of the antibiotic which inhibits growth of the microbial strain, bacteria of the strains cultured in a sterile culture medium is 1 X 10 ⁶ cfu / ㎖, fungi, each at a concentration of 1 X 10 ⁵ cfu / ㎖ Inoculation.

Eugenol and gallic acid were prepared, dissolved in 2% concentration in ethanol, 25 μl each of eugenol and gallic acid prepared on sterile paper discs (diameter 8 mm), and then dried sufficiently.

After the drop solution is completely dried, it is placed on a plate medium and maintained at 28-37 ° C. After 1, 2, and 3 days (observe up to 7 days for A. niger), the clear zone around the paper disc is observed. The antimicrobial activity was investigated by measuring.

In order to compare and verify the antimicrobial activity of the single compound of eugenol and gallic acid, commercially available commercially available commercially available commercially available methyl paraben (Methyl Paraben) and phenoxyethanol (Comphenoxyethanol) in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, Comparative experiment was carried out using the antimicrobial extract A's product A as Comparative Example 3, and the results are shown in the following [Table 2].

TABLE 2

As a result, eugenol was found to be more effective and broader antimicrobial activity than commercially available natural antimicrobial agents (Comparative Example 3). However, gallic acid has antifungal activity against fungi of Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. This was not observed. In addition, it was observed that a single compound of eugenol and gallic acid had a comparative inferior antimicrobial activity compared to commercially available methylparaben or phenoxyethanol.

Example 2 Determination of Antimicrobial Activity of a Mixture of Eugenol and Gallic Acid

2-1. MIC Evaluation of Single Compounds

The microbial growth inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated for the harmful microorganisms used in Example 1 to determine the antimicrobial activity of a combination of a single compound of eugenol and gallic acid.

MIC measurement was obtained by incubating each bacteria and fungi in a solid agar medium, 5 colonies were obtained according ^to 1 × 10 ^5-6 CFU / mL, diluted in the medium and inoculated and maintained at 37 ° C. for 2-3 hours.

The single compounds of eugenol and gallic acid used in this experiment were titrated at a concentration of 2 mg / ml and diluted in 2-fold series. Transfer the medium containing each bacterium and compound to a 96 well plate and incubate at 37 ° C. for 16-24 hours, and measure the minimum inhibitory concentration of single extracts by measuring it at 600 nm using the Multilabel Counter (1420, Perkin Elmer). It is shown in [Table 3].

TABLE 3

2-2. MIC Evaluation of Mixed Compounds

The microbial growth inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the mixed compounds was evaluated to identify the mutual effect between eugenol and gallic acid.

Experimental method for checking the antimicrobial synergy is not standardized, it was used by applying a checkboard assay (checkboard assay) which is a method for identifying the antimicrobial synergy by combining antimicrobial substances. The antimicrobial activity test was set up in 6 rows x 6 columns, and each successive dilution of eugenol and gallic acid at MIC concentration to measure the mixing effect on 96 well-plates was carried out in each well on the horizontal axis and the gallic acid on the vertical axis. Diluted with. After incubation for 16-24 hours at 37 ℃, it was defined as the lowest inhibitory concentration of eugenol and gallic acid, the interaction between the two compounds is represented by the following fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index.

FIC index (FICI) was calculated according to the following [Equation 1] and [Equation 2].

[Equation 1]

[Equation 2]

If the FIC index is less than or equal to 0.5, a synergistic effect, an additive effect between 0.5 and 1, an indifferent between 1 and 4, and an antagonistic effect of 4 or more It was judged that there was, and the measurement results are shown in the following [Table 4] to [Table 9].

Table 4 C. albicans

Table 5 A. niger

Table 6 E. coli

Table 7 P. aeruginosa

Table 8 B. subtilis

Table 9 S. aurues

As a result, it was confirmed that the composition mixed with eugenol and gallic acid in a ratio of 1: 8 to 1: 4 has a synergistic or added antibacterial and antifungal effect. Referring to the comparative table of the following [Table 10], eugenol And a minimum growth inhibitory concentration of 69.3% to 97.3% for all 6 harmful microorganisms compared to the simple average of the single compound of each of the compositions of gallic acid mixed at a ratio of 1: 8, so that the most synergistic effect was obtained. I could confirm it.

TABLE 10

In addition, this antimicrobial effect was confirmed to be a very good antimicrobial effect compared to the methyl paraben, phenoxyethanol and the like of the comparative example.

Having described the specific part of the present invention in detail, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that the specific technology is merely a preferred embodiment, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Thus, the substantial scope of the present invention will be defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (10)

Antimicrobial and antifungal composition comprising eugenol and gallic acid as active ingredients. The method of claim 1,
The eugenol and gallic acid has a weight ratio of 1: 8 to 1: 4, characterized in that the antimicrobial and antifungal composition. The method of claim 1,
The composition is characterized in that it has antifungal activity against fungi of the genus Candida and Aspergillus. The method of claim 3,
The fungus of the genus Candida is Candida albicans, and the aspergillus fungus is a composition characterized in that the Aspergillus niger. The method of claim 1,
The composition is characterized in that it has an antimicrobial activity against Escherichia sp. Strain, Pseudomonas sp. Strain, Bacillus sp. Strain, and Staphylococcus sp. The method of claim 5,
The strain of the genus Escherichia is Escherichia coli, the strain of pseudomonas is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the strain of the genus Bacillus is Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis), and the staphylococcus strain is Staphylococcus aureus. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the antimicrobial and antifungal composition of any one of claims 1 to 6 as an active ingredient. Cosmetic composition containing the antimicrobial and antifungal composition of any one of claims 1 to 6 as an active ingredient. A preservative composition for food or feed preservation, comprising the antimicrobial and antifungal composition of any one of claims 1 to 6 as an active ingredient. A method of treating a bacterial or fungal infectious disease in an animal other than a human, comprising administering the antimicrobial and antifungal composition of any one of claims 1 to 6 to an individual in need thereof to kill pathogenic bacteria.