KR20190032077A - 리모트 플라즈마를 이용한 원자층 증착 시스템 - Google Patents

리모트 플라즈마를 이용한 원자층 증착 시스템 Download PDF

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KR20190032077A
KR20190032077A KR1020170120564A KR20170120564A KR20190032077A KR 20190032077 A KR20190032077 A KR 20190032077A KR 1020170120564 A KR1020170120564 A KR 1020170120564A KR 20170120564 A KR20170120564 A KR 20170120564A KR 20190032077 A KR20190032077 A KR 20190032077A
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reaction chamber
plasma
atomic layer
layer deposition
plasma generator
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안지환
유진근
오성국
김형준
신정우
양병찬
고도현
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서울과학기술대학교 산학협력단
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    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23C16/00Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/44Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
    • C23C16/455Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
    • C23C16/45523Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
    • C23C16/45525Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
    • C23C16/45544Atomic layer deposition [ALD] characterized by the apparatus
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    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23C16/00Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/44Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
    • C23C16/4412Details relating to the exhausts, e.g. pumps, filters, scrubbers, particle traps
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    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/44Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
    • C23C16/455Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
    • C23C16/45523Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
    • C23C16/45525Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
    • C23C16/45527Atomic layer deposition [ALD] characterized by the ALD cycle, e.g. different flows or temperatures during half-reactions, unusual pulsing sequence, use of precursor mixtures or auxiliary reactants or activations
    • C23C16/45536Use of plasma, radiation or electromagnetic fields
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    • C23C16/00Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/44Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
    • C23C16/52Controlling or regulating the coating process
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
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    • H01J37/32Gas-filled discharge tubes
    • H01J37/32009Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
    • H01J37/32357Generation remote from the workpiece, e.g. down-stream
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/32Gas-filled discharge tubes
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    • H01J37/3244Gas supply means

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Abstract

본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르는 리모트 플라즈마를 이용한 원자층 증착 시스템은 트래블링 웨이브 방식의 반응 챔버, 및 플라즈마를 발생시키고, 상기 발생된 플라즈마를 상기 반응 챔버로 공급하는 플라즈마 발생기를 포함하고, 상기 반응 챔버와 상기 플라즈마 발생기 사이의 거리는 변경 가능한 것이다.

Description

리모트 플라즈마를 이용한 원자층 증착 시스템{REMOTE PLASMA-BASED ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION SYSTEM}
본 발명은 리모트 플라즈마를 이용한 원자층 증착 시스템에 관한 것이다.
원자층 증착 방법(Atomic Layer Deposition; ALD)은 화학적 기상 증착법(Chemical Vapor Deposition; CVD)의 한 종류로서 전구체(Precursor)와 산화제(Oxidant)를 순차적, 반복적으로 넣어주는 방법을 사용함으로써 고품질의 박막을 얻을 수 있는 방법이다. 원자층 증착 방법은 옴스트롱(Angstron) 단위의 박막 두께 조절이 가능하며, 복잡한 구조의 기판이나 규모가 큰 기판에도 균일하게 박막이 증착된다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 또한, 기존의 화학적 기상 증착법에 비해 낮은 온도(<300℃)에서도 박막 증착이 가능하다는 장점이 있다. 하지만, 옴스트롱 단위로 쌓이다 보니 증착률이 낮다는 점과 충분한 열에너지가 없을 경우 박막에 불순물 함유량이 높아지는 단점이 있다.
기존의 열을 이용한 원자층 증착법의 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 높은 반응성을 가진 플라즈마(Plasma)를 산화제로 이용하는 시스템이 고안되었다. 종래의 플라즈마를 이용한 시스템은 전구체의 리간드(Ligand)를 효과적으로 제거함으로써 불순물 함유도를 낮출 수 있었으나, 전구체의 이동거리가 길고, 기판의 반입 및 반출이 어려웠으며, 설계가 복잡하여 전구체의 교체가 어려웠고 냉점이 생기는 지점이 많아 전구체가 응결될 가능성이 높았다. 또한, 플라즈마와 기판의 사이가 멀어 플라즈마가 재결합 되어 기판에 영향을 미치기 어려웠다. 또한, 반응이 일어나는 챔버의 크기가 커서 차세대 물질들을 실험하기에 곤란함이 있었다.
한국등록특허공보 제10-0399067호 (2003.09.26 공고)
본 발명은 전술한 종래 기술의 문제점을 해결하기 위한 것으로서, 종래의 원자층 증착 시스템에 비해 크기가 작고, 구조가 단순하며, 시제품 제작 및 신소재 연구 개발을 용이하게 할 수 있는 리모트 플라즈마를 이용한 원자층 증착 시스템을 제공하고자 한다.
상술한 기술적 과제를 달성하기 위한 기술적 수단으로서, 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르는 리모트 플라즈마를 이용한 원자층 증착 시스템은 트래블링 웨이브(Travelling-wave) 방식의 반응 챔버, 및 플라즈마를 발생시키고, 발생된 플라즈마를 상기 반응 챔버로 공급하는 플라즈마 발생기를 포함하고, 상기 반응 챔버와 상기 플라즈마 발생기 사이의 거리는 변경할 수 있다.
상기 원자층 증착 시스템은 상기 반응 챔버와 상기 플라즈마 발생기를 연결하는 플렉시블 튜빙을 더 포함할 수 있고, 상기 반응 챔버와 상기 플라즈마 발생기 사이의 거리는 상기 플렉시블 튜빙을 통해 변경할 수 있다.
상기 원자층 증착 시스템은 복수의 전구체 캐니스터와 연결 가능한 매니폴드를 더 포함하고, 상기 반응 챔버는 원통 형상을 가지고, 상기 반응 챔버의 일단은 상기 매니폴드에 연결되며, 상기 일단은 테이퍼 형상의 리듀서를 구비할 수 있다.
상기 원자층 증착 시스템은 상기 반응 챔버의 내부 압력을 측정하는 압력계, 상기 반응 챔버의 내부 기체를 배기하는 펌프, 및 상기 반응 챔버로 기판을 반입 및 반출하는 기판 반입부를 더 포함하고, 상기 압력계와 상기 기판 반입부는 QF 파이프관을 이용하여 상기 반응 챔버에 연결되고, 상기 펌프는 CF 파이프관을 이용하여 상기 반응 챔버에 연결될 수 있다.
상기 플라즈마 발생기는 석영관, 상기 석영관을 둘러싸는 코일, 상기 석영관으로 플라즈마 가스를 공급하는 가스 공급부, 및 상기 석영관을 지지하는 복수개의 기둥을 포함을 포함할 수 있다.
상술한 과제 해결 수단은 단지 예시적인 것으로서, 본 발명을 제한하려는 의도로 해석되지 않아야 한다. 상술한 예시적인 실시예 외에도, 도면 및 발명의 상세한 설명에 기재된 추가적인 실시예가 존재할 수 있다.
본 발명은 종래 기술에 비해 크기가 작고, 구조가 단순하며, 시제품 제작 및 신소재 연구 개발에 사용하기 적합한 원자층 증착 시스템을 제공할 수 있다.
본 발명은 냉점이 발생할 가능성을 최소화할 수 있는 원자층 증착 시스템을 제공할 수 있다. 본 발명은 고체형 전구체를 포함한 다양한 전구체를 이용하여 차세대 박막 물질을 실험하기에 적합한 원자층 증착 시스템을 제공할 수 있다.
본 발명은 플라즈마 밀도를 넓은 범위에서 조절할 수 있는 원자층 증착 시스템을 제공할 수 있다.
도 1은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 원자층 증착 시스템의 구성도이다.
도 2는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 반응 챔버의 구성도이다.
도 3은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 리듀서의 구성도이다.
도 4는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 플라즈마 발생기의 구성도이다.
도 5는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 매니폴드의 구성도이다.
도 6은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 반응 챔버와 플라즈마 발생기 사이의 거리를 변경하는 방법을 설명하기 위한 도면이다.
도 7은 유도 결합 플라즈마(ICP)와 용량 결합 플라즈마(CCP)에 따른 플라즈마 밀도의 조절 범위를 설명하기 위한 도면이다.
아래에서는 첨부한 도면을 참조하여 본 발명이 속하는 기술 분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자가 용이하게 실시할 수 있도록 본 발명의 실시예를 상세히 설명한다. 그러나 본 발명은 여러 가지 상이한 형태로 구현될 수 있으며 여기에서 설명하는 실시예에 한정되지 않는다. 그리고 도면에서 본 발명을 명확하게 설명하기 위해서 설명과 관계없는 부분은 생략하였으며, 명세서 전체를 통하여 유사한 부분에 대해서는 유사한 도면 부호를 붙였다.
명세서 전체에서, 어떤 부분이 다른 부분과 "연결"되어 있다고 할 때, 이는 "직접적으로 연결"되어 있는 경우뿐 아니라, 그 중간에 다른 소자를 사이에 두고 "전기적으로 연결"되어 있는 경우도 포함한다. 또한 어떤 부분이 어떤 구성요소를 "포함"한다고 할 때, 이는 특별히 반대되는 기재가 없는 한 다른 구성요소를 제외하는 것이 아니라 다른 구성요소를 더 포함할 수 있는 것을 의미한다.
도 1은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 원자층 증착 시스템(100)의 구성도이다. 도 1을 참조하면, 원자층 증착 시스템(100)은 반응 챔버(110), 플라즈마 발생기(120), 매니폴드(130), 압력계(140) 및 펌프관(150)을 포함할 수 있다. 이러한 도 1의 원자층 증착 시스템(100)은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 불과하므로 도 1을 통해 본 발명이 한정 해석되는 것은 아니다. 즉, 본 발명의 다양한 실시예들에 따르면 원자층 증착 시스템은 도 1과 다르게 구성될 수도 있으며, 예컨대 기판 반입부 및 플렉시블 튜빙을 더 포함할 수 있다.
이하에서는 도 2 내지 도 5를 참조하여, 원자층 증착 시스템(100)의 각 구성에 대하여 상세히 설명한다.
도 2는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 반응 챔버(110)의 구성도이다. 도 2를 참조하면, 반응 챔버(110)는 내부에서 증착 처리를 수행하는 트래블링 웨이브 방식(Travelling-wave)의 챔버로 구성될 수 있다.
트래블링 웨이브 방식의 반응 챔버(110)는 비교적 간단한 구조로 이루어져 있어 챔버 전체에 균일하게 열을 가하기 쉽다. 또한, 트래블링 웨이브 방식의 반응 챔버(110)는 다른 챔버 방식인 샤워 헤드 방식의 챔버에 비하여 고체형 전구체의 이용에 적합하다. 샤워 헤드 방식의 경우, 전구체가 샤워 헤드 부분의 냉점에서 응결이 되어 샤워 헤드의 구멍이 막히게 되므로, 고체형 전구체를 이용하기에 부적합하다. 이에 반하여, 트래블링 웨이브 방식의 반응 챔버(110)는 응결이 발생할 수 있는 냉점이 현저히 적어 고체형 전구체를 이용하기에 적합하다. 한편, 차세대 박막 물질의 전구체(Precursor)는 아직 개발이 활발하게 이루어 지지 않아 고체형 전구체 혹은 높은 온도에서 기화되는 전구체들이 많으므로, 트래블링 웨이브 방식의 반응 챔버(110)를 가짐으로써 차세대 박막 물질을 실험하기에 적합한 원자층 증착 시스템을 구현할 수 있다.
반응 챔버(110)는 원통 형상으로 구성될 수 있다. 반응 챔버(110)를 원통 형상으로 설계함으로써 히터를 쉽게 감을 수 있으며 증착 처리를 위한 온도를 효과적으로 유지할 수 있다.
반응 챔버(110)는 원통 형상의 원통부(111)와 테이퍼 형상의 리듀서(112)를 포함할 수 있다. 원통부(111)는 플라즈마 발생기를 연결하는 플라즈마 발생기 연결부(114), 압력계를 연결하는 압력계 연결부(115) 및 펌프관을 연결하는 펌프관 연결부(116)를 포함할 수 있다.
플라즈마 발생기 연결부(114)는 높이가 변경 가능하게 구성될 수 있다. 예컨대 플라즈마 발생기 연결부(114)는 플렉시블 튜빙(Flexible tubing)으로 구성될 수 있으며, 플렉시블 튜빙을 통해 플라즈마 발생기 연결부(114)의 높낮이를 조절함으로써 반응 챔버(110)와 플라즈마 발생기 사이의 거리를 변경할 수 있다. 플렉시블 튜빙에 대해서는 이하 도 6에 관한 설명에서 보다 자세히 다루도록 한다.
압력계 연결부(115)는 QF파이프관을 이용하여 압력계를 반응 챔버(110)에 연결할 수 있다. QF 파이프관에 사용되는 오링(O-ring)이 열에 약하기 때문에 압력계 연결부(115)는 열을 받는 반응 챔버(110)의 원통부(111)으로부터 일정 간격이 떨어져 있게 설계될 수 있다. QF파이프관을 이용하여 압력계를 연결함으로써 압력계를 간단히 결합 및 분해할 수 있고 진공 상태를 효과적으로 유지할 수 있다.
펌프관 연결부(116)는 예컨대 CF 파이프관을 이용하여 펌프관을 반응 챔버(110)에 연결할 수 있다. 펌프관은 반응 챔버(110)와 연결된 후 분해할 경우가 적기 때문에 CF 파이프관을 이용하여 연결하기 적합하다.
반응 챔버(110)의 우측 일단에는 매니폴드를 연결할 매니폴드 연결부(113)가 구비되어 있고, 좌측 타단에는 기판을 반응 챔버(110) 내로 반입 및 반출할 수 있는 기판 반입부(117)가 구비되어 있다.
매니폴드 연결부(113)는 금속 가스켓 양면 접속 피팅(VCR fitting)을 통해 매니폴드를 반응 챔버(110)에 연결할 수 있다. VCR을 이용하여 매니폴드를 연결함으로써 반응 챔버(110) 혹은 매니폴드에 문제가 생길 시 VCR 연결에 필요한 가스켓(Gasket)만 교환하여 용이하게 부품을 교환할 수 있다.
기판 반입부(117)는 QF 파이프관으로 구성될 수 있다. 기판 반입부(117)를 통해 반응 챔버(110)내로 기판을 반입 및 반출할 수 있다. 기판 반입부(117)는 평상시에는 블랭크 플렌지(Blank Flange)와 결합되어 막혀있을 수 있다.
도시하지 않았지만, 반응 챔버(110)는 내부에 기판 재치대를 더 포함할 수 있다. 예컨대, 기판 재치대(미도시)를 플라즈마 발생기 연결부(114)의 아래 공간에 배치하여 플라즈마 발생기와 기판의 거리를 줄이고, 플라즈마가 재결합하는 것을 방지하여 효과적으로 플라즈마를 이용할 수 있다.
도 3은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 리듀서의 구성도이다. 도 2 및 3을 참조하면 리듀서(112)는 반응 챔버(110)의 원통부(111)와 매니폴드 연결부(113)의 사이에 위치한다. 매니 폴드로부터 반응 챔버(110)로 가스가 흘러들어갈 때, 급격한 반지름의 변화는 컬(Curl)을 유발하기 때문에 테이퍼 형상의 리듀서(112)를 원통부(111)와 매니폴드 연결부(113) 사이에 배치함으로서 급격한 반지름의 변화를 줄일 수 있다.
도 4는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 플라즈마 발생기의 구성도이다. 도 4를 참조하면, 플라즈마 발생기(120)는 석영관(121), 코일(122), 가스 공급관(123), 지지부(124, 125) 및 기둥부(126)를 포함할 수 있다.
코일(122)은 석영관(121)을 둘러싸도록 배치된다. 가스 공급관(123)을 통해 석영관(121) 내부로 플라즈마 가스가 공급되고, 코일(122)에 교류 전류가 인가되면 석영관(121) 내부에 유도 결합 플라즈마가 발생된다. 코일(122)에는 도시하지 않은 전원부가 연결되어 있고, 가스 공급관(123)에는 도시하지 않은 가스 공급부가 연결되어 있다.
석영관(121)의 내부에 발생된 유도 결합 플라즈마는 반응 챔버로 공급된다. 유도 결합 플라즈마(ICP)를 이용함으로써 용량 결합 플라즈마(CCP)를 이용하는 것에 비하여 박막 손상을 줄일 수 있다. 또한, 유도 결합 플라즈마는 용량 결합 플라즈마에 비하여 플라즈마 밀도의 조절 범위가 넓고 플라즈마를 발생 시킬 수 있는 압력 범위 역시 넓으므로, 유도 결합 플라즈마를 이용함으로써 다양한 물질을 넓은 조건 범위에서 실험할 수 있다.
석영관(121)은 위아래로 오링을 넣을 수 있는 홈이 파여져 있으며, 오링을 개재하여 지지부(124, 125)에 고정된다. 오링을 개재함으로써 석영관 내부를 진공으로 유지할 수 있다.
석영관(121)은 깨지기 쉽기 때문에 석영관(121) 주위에 복수개의 기둥부(126)를 설치함으로써 석영관(121)을 보다 안정적으로 지지할 수 있다.
도 5는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 매니폴드의 구성도이다. 도 5를 참조하면, 매니폴드(130)는 튜브로 구성될 수 있으며, 반응 챔버 연결부(131), 복수개의 캐니스터 연결부(132), 및 캐리어 가스 연결부(133)를 포함할 수 있다.
반응 챔버 연결부(131)는 락피팅(Lok Fitting)를 이용하여 반응 챔버와 매니폴드(130)를 연결하고, 캐리어 가스 연결부(133)는 캐리어 가스에 연결되어 있는 유량 조절에 연결를 매니폴드(130)에 연결할 수 있다.
캐니스터 연결부(132)는 복수개로 구성되어 복수개의 전구체 캐니스터를 각각 연결할 수 있으며, VCR을 이용하여 전구체 캐니스터를 쉽게 교체 할 수 있다. 캐니스터 연결부(132)에 복수개의 전구체 캐니스터의 연결이 가능함으로써 여러 물질을 섞어 도핑(Doping)된 물질이나 안정화(Stabilized)된 물질의 개발을 용이하게 할 수 있다. 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 매니폴드(130)는 캐니스터 연결부(132)를 외부로 노출시킴으로서 전구체 캐니스터를 용이하게 교체할 수 있다.
매니폴드(130)의 각 연결부는 압축공기식밸브(Pneumatic valve)를 포함할 수 있으며, 온도에 따라 ALD 밸브 혹은 다이어프램 밸브(Diaphragm valve)를 사용할 수 있다.
도 1로 돌아와서, 원자층 증착 시스템(100)의 결합 관계에 대해서 설명한다. 도 1을 참조하면, 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 원자층 증착 시스템(100)은 트래블링 웨이브 방식의 반응 챔버(110)와 유도 결합 플라즈마를 발생시키는 플라즈마 발생기(120)를 결합하여 구성된다.
트래블링 웨이브 방식의 반응 챔버(110)와 유도 결합 방식의 플라즈마 발생기(120)를 결합한 시스템을 이용함으로써 고체 상태의 전구체를 실험해 볼 수 있으며, 플라즈마 밀도를 넓은 범위에서 조절 할 수 있음으로써, 차세대 박막 물질에 대한 테스트를 용이하게 수행할 수 있다.
또한, 종래의 샤워 헤드 방식의 챔버 등은 전체 시스템의 규모가 컸고, 구조가 복잡하였다. 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 원자층 증착 시스템(100)은 트래블링 웨이브 방식의 반응 챔버(110)와 유도 결합 방식의 플라즈마 발생기(120)를 결합함으로써 시제품 제작 및 연구에 최적화 할 수 있도록 시스템을 소형화 및 단순화 시켰다. 전체 시스템이 작아짐으로서 냉점이 생길 가능성을 최소화 하였고 전구체가 이동해야 하는 거리 역시 줄어들어 캐리어 가스의 유량을 최소화할 수 있다.
원자층 증착 시스템(100)은 펌프관(150)에 연결된 펌프를 통해 반응 챔버(110) 내의 기체를 배기할 수 있다. 펌프는 예컨대 로터리 펌프를 사용할 수 있다. 원자층 증착 처리에서는 진공 상태를 유지하는 것이 중요한데, 전체 시스템의 소형화 에 따라 로터리 펌프만으로도 충분한 진공압을 유지할 수 있다. 또한, 압력계(140)를 통해 반응 챔버(110)의 내부 압력을 측정할 수 있다.
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 원자층 증착 시스템을 이용한 원자층 증착 과정에 대해서 설명한다. (1) 매니폴드에 연결된 전구체 캐니스터로부터 전구체가 나와 캐리어 가스를 타고 반응 챔버로 이동한다. (2) 펌프를 이용하여 반응 챔버 내부에 남아있는 전구체를 제거한다. 반응 챔버로 비활성기체(Ar, N2)를 공급하고 배기하여 반응 챔버 내부를 청소할 수 있다. (3) 플라즈마 발생부에서 플라즈마를 발생시킨다. 목적에 따라 기체를 다르게 사용할 수 있으며(예컨대, O2, N2, NH3), 플라즈마 발생기 에서 발생한 플라즈마를 반응 챔버로 공급한다. (4) 반응 챔버를 배기하여 반응 과정에서 생긴 부산물(Byproduct)들을 제거한다.
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 원자층 증착 시스템(100)은 반응 챔버(110)와 플라즈마 발생기(120) 사이의 거리를 가변할 수 있도록 구성된다. 이에 대하여 이하 도 6을 참조하여 자세히 설명하도록 한다.
도 6은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 반응 챔버와 플라즈마 발생기 사이의 거리를 변경하는 방법을 설명하기 위한 도면이다. 도 6을 참조하면 반응 챔버(110)와 플라즈마 발생기(120)는 플렉시블 튜빙(170)을 이용하여 연결될 수 있다. 플렉시블 튜빙(170)은 높이를 조절 가능하며, 플렉시블 튜빙(170)의 높이를 조절함으로써 반응 챔버(110)와 플라즈마 발생기(120) 사이의 거리(D)를 변경할 수 있다.
반응 챔버(110)와 플라즈마 발생기(120) 사이의 거리를 변경함으로써 플라즈마 내의 라디칼과 이온의 밀도를 조절할 수 있다. 플라즈마 밀도는 라디칼 밀도와 이온 밀도 두 개로 나뉠 수 있다. 라디칼은 주로 극 표면 반응에 참여함으로써 박막의 증착률에 영향을 미치고 이온은 수nm ~ 수십nm 내부에 영향을 미침으로써 박막의 결정성 혹은 구성 요소(Composition)에 영향을 미친다. 반응 챔버(110)와 플라즈마 발생기(120) 사이의 거리(D)가 커질수록 플라즈마 내부에는 라디칼의 밀도가 높아져 박막을 결정성을 높이거나 탄소, 질소 등의 불순물 함량을 낮출 수 있다. 반면, 거리(D)를 작아질수록 이온의 밀도를 높임으로써 박막의 증착률을 높일 수 있다. 따라서, 반응 챔버(110)와 플라즈마 발생기(120) 사이의 거리(D)를 조정하여 다양한 플라즈마 밀도에서 박막을 증착할 수 있다.
도 7은 유도 결합 플라즈마(ICP)와 용량 결합 플라즈마(CCP)에 따른 플라즈마 밀도의 조절 범위를 설명하기 위한 도면이다. 도 7을 참조하면 유도 결합 플라즈마(ICP)는 용량 결합 플라즈마(CCP)에 비하여 플라즈마 밀도의 조절 범위가 넓고 플라즈마를 발생 시킬 수 있는 압력 범위 역시 넓은 것을 확인할 수 있다. 본 발명은 유도 결합 플라즈마를 이용함으로써 다양한 범위에서 원자층의 증착을 실험해볼 수 있다.
전술한 본 발명의 설명은 예시를 위한 것이며, 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야의 통상의 지식을 가진 자는 본 발명의 기술적 사상이나 필수적인 특징을 변경하지 않고서 다른 구체적인 형태로 쉽게 변형이 가능하다는 것을 이해할 수 있을 것이다. 그러므로 이상에서 기술한 실시예들은 모든 면에서 예시적인 것이며 한정적이 아닌 것으로 이해해야만 한다. 예를 들어, 단일형으로 설명되어 있는 각 구성 요소는 분산되어 실시될 수도 있으며, 마찬가지로 분산된 것으로 설명되어 있는 구성 요소들도 결합된 형태로 실시될 수 있다.
본 발명의 범위는 상기 상세한 설명보다는 후술하는 특허청구범위에 의하여 나타내어지며, 특허청구범위의 의미 및 범위 그리고 그 균등 개념으로부터 도출되는 모든 변경 또는 변형된 형태가 본 발명의 범위에 포함되는 것으로 해석되어야 한다.
100: 원자층 증착 시스템
110: 반응 챔버
120: 플라즈마 발생기
130: 매니폴드
140: 압력계
150: 펌프관

Claims (5)

  1. 리모트 플라즈마를 이용한 원자층 증착 시스템에 있어서,
    트래블링 웨이브 방식의 반응 챔버; 및
    플라즈마를 발생시키고, 상기 발생된 플라즈마를 상기 반응 챔버로 공급하는 플라즈마 발생기
    를 포함하고,
    상기 반응 챔버와 상기 플라즈마 발생기 사이의 거리는 변경 가능한 것인, 원자층 증착 시스템.
  2. 제 1 항에 있어서,
    상기 반응 챔버와 상기 플라즈마 발생기를 연결하는 플렉시블 튜빙
    을 더 포함하고,
    상기 반응 챔버와 상기 플라즈마 발생기 사이의 거리는 상기 플렉시블 튜빙을 통해 변경 가능한 것인, 원자층 증착 시스템.
  3. 제 1 항에 있어서,
    복수의 전구체 캐니스터와 연결 가능한 매니폴드
    를 더 포함하고,
    상기 반응 챔버는 원통 형상을 가지고, 상기 반응 챔버의 일단은 상기 매니폴드에 연결되며, 상기 일단은 테이퍼 형상의 리듀서를 구비하는 것인, 원자층 증착 시스템.
  4. 제 1 항에 있어서,
    상기 반응 챔버의 내부 압력을 측정하는 압력계;
    상기 반응 챔버의 내부 기체를 배기하는 펌프; 및
    상기 반응 챔버로 기판을 반입 및 반출하는 기판 반입부
    를 더 포함하고,
    상기 압력계와 상기 기판 반입부는 QF 파이프관을 이용하여 상기 반응 챔버에 연결되고, 상기 펌프는 CF 파이프관을 이용하여 상기 반응 챔버에 연결되는 것인, 원자층 증착 시스템.
  5. 제 1 항에 있어서,
    상기 플라즈마 발생기는,
    석영관;
    상기 석영관을 둘러싸는 코일;
    상기 석영관으로 플라즈마 가스를 공급하는 가스 공급부; 및
    상기 석영관을 지지하는 복수개의 기둥
    을 포함하는 것인, 원자층 증착 시스템.
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