KR20160137778A - Precast concrete beam with variable cross section - Google Patents

Precast concrete beam with variable cross section Download PDF

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Publication number
KR20160137778A
KR20160137778A KR1020150071052A KR20150071052A KR20160137778A KR 20160137778 A KR20160137778 A KR 20160137778A KR 1020150071052 A KR1020150071052 A KR 1020150071052A KR 20150071052 A KR20150071052 A KR 20150071052A KR 20160137778 A KR20160137778 A KR 20160137778A
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
web member
section
precast concrete
lower flange
cross
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KR1020150071052A
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Korean (ko)
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KR101834423B1 (en
Inventor
김강수
주현진
오재열
이득행
최일섭
최석동
박영배
Original Assignee
서울시립대학교 산학협력단
(주)까뮤이앤씨
(주)연우건축구조기술사사무소
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Application filed by 서울시립대학교 산학협력단, (주)까뮤이앤씨, (주)연우건축구조기술사사무소 filed Critical 서울시립대학교 산학협력단
Priority to KR1020150071052A priority Critical patent/KR101834423B1/en
Publication of KR20160137778A publication Critical patent/KR20160137778A/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/20—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/20—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stonelike material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/58—Connections for building structures in general of bar-shaped building elements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a precast concrete (PC) beam with a variable cross section making a PC beam member have a reverse T-shaped cross section of a central part and a U-shaped cross section of an end part, so as to efficiently resist end part continuation and moment distribution thereby while reducing the quantity of materials. According to the present invention, the PC beam with a variable cross section comprises: a central web member; a connection member projected out from both end parts of the central web member in a vertical directions of both sides of the central web member; a pair of end web member installed in both end parts of the connection member in a direction perpendicular to the opposite direction of the central web member; and a lower flange member combined with a lower part of the central web member and the end part web member.

Description

Precast concrete beam with variable cross section.

In the present invention, a PC beam member is manufactured so as to have an inverted T-shaped cross-section and a U-shaped cross-section of the central portion, thereby reducing the amount of members, and effectively end- It is about.

In recent years, there have been increasing demand for construction materials with reduced volume, shortened construction time and long-term high efficiency in the construction market. Therefore, various structural systems are being applied in consideration of air and workability.

The existing reinforced concrete wet method is not suitable for the recent trend of reducing the financial cost through shortening of the air because the air is lengthened due to complicated construction details.

 In addition, there is a problem that the steel frame used as an alternative to the above-mentioned reinforced concrete trench is vulnerable to vibration performance, and there is a limitation in shortening the air due to complicated construction details of the steel-concrete composite joint.

On the other hand, unlike the above structural systems, the precast concrete structure (PC structure) in which members such as slabs and beams are molded in a mold in a factory is more suitable for realizing financial cost savings through shortening of the air as well as improving the quality of concrete.

However, in order to apply PC members to large structures, it is recognized that there is a need to overcome the technical limitations of PC members due to the enlargement of members, constraints on span length, construction problems such as transportation or weight,

On the other hand, in Japanese Patent No. 10-1337330, the section of the beam is divided into the end section, the general section and the minimization section of the abdomen section according to the arrangement of the tension members, and the sectional shape of the beam is optimized for each section to more effectively support the external force This paper presents a PSC beam optimized for the abdominal cross section, a method of making the PSC beam, and a method of constructing a bridge using the PSC beam.

However, the patented technique is for a PSC beam for bridges, and there is no consideration for reinforcement for the end portion moments or for continuity with adjacent beams.

Therefore, it is necessary to develop PC beam that satisfies the demand of the construction market and can overcome the aforementioned limitations.

In order to solve the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a pre-cast concrete beam having a reduced cross-section by reducing the amount of members to reduce the weight and weight of the members, thereby improving economical efficiency and workability.

The present invention intends to provide a sectioned precast concrete beam which can effectively resist the continuous end of the PC beam and the corresponding moment distribution.

The present invention according to a preferred embodiment comprises a central web member; A connecting member provided at both ends of the center web member so as to protrude in the vertical direction on both sides of the center web member; A pair of end web members formed at both ends of the connecting member so as to be perpendicular to the center web member; And a lower flange member coupled to a lower portion of the central web member and the end web member; The present invention provides a pre-cast concrete beam having a cross-section.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one or more first clamping protrusions are protruded from the lower side of the center web member so that the ends of the beams coupled to the side are mounted. .

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a fixing reinforcing bar is provided on the center web member or the upper end of the end web member so as to protrude.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lower flange member is configured such that the thickness of both ends is thicker.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lower flange member is configured to be thicker in the downward direction at both ends of the lower flange member.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a stepped precast reinforced concrete beam having a second hanging protrusion protruding from the bottom of the end portion of the end portion of the end web member so that the end of the beam coupled to the side is mounted.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a through hole is formed in the upper part of the second bracket so that the fixing steel of the beam coupled to the side is inserted.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lower flange member at the lower portion of the end web member is provided with an opening at an end thereof.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a cross-section precast concrete beam, characterized in that said pair of end web members are coupled to each other by a long bolt.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a PS steel wire is provided in the longitudinal direction inside the lower flange member, and a prestress is introduced into the lower portion of the beam.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, one end of a continuous stiffener for continuous connection with adjacent beams is located in the space between the pair of end web members.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the continuous stiffener is a reinforcing bar or a stranded wire.

According to the present invention, the following effects can be expected.

First, since the central portion of the PC beam member forms an inverted T-shaped cross section, it is possible to reduce the weight of the member. Accordingly, it is possible to improve the workability by reducing the transportation and the burden on the workers, and the cost can be reduced.

Second, since both end portions of the PC beam member are maintained in a U-shaped section, it is easy to arrange the stiffener for continuous ending in a predetermined space portion formed in the U-shaped section. Therefore, it is possible to effectively resist the continuous end of the PC beam and the moment distribution.

Third, in the case where a PS wire is provided in the lower flange member of the PC beam and a prestress is introduced, it is advantageous to realize a long span with improvement in bending performance.

Fourth, in the case of forming the first-arched cliche on the side of the center web member of the PC beam, the dancer coupled to the upper side of the first-arched cloak can easily be mounted on the small side.

Fifth, when the thickness of the both ends of the lower flange member of the PC beam is made thick, the increased thickness portion can serve as a hammering effect, so that there is an effect of shear reinforcement on the end parent moments.

Sixth, when the thickness of the lower flange member of the cross-section precast concrete beam installed on the upper part of the column is made thicker from both ends of the lower flange member, the step difference from the other cross-section precast concrete beam installed on the lower flange It can be overcome. Therefore, the upper level of the adjacent beams can be kept the same.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cross-section precast concrete beam of the present invention. FIG.
2 is a sectional view of the center web member.
3 is a sectional view of an end web member;
4 is a moment distribution diagram of the end continuous beam.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a cross-section precast concrete beam according to the present invention having a lower flange member having a thick end portion. FIG.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing an installation state of the cross-section precast concrete beam of the present invention shown in Fig. 5; Fig.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the present invention's cross-section precast concrete beam installed on an upper part of a column; FIG.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the cross-section precast concrete beam of the present invention shown in FIG. 7; FIG.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a cross-section precast concrete beam of the present invention having a PS steel wire inside a lower flange member. FIG.
Fig. 10 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the present invention's side-end precast concrete beam installed on the column. Fig.
11 and 12 are perspective views showing embodiments of the present invention's cross-sectional precast concrete beams provided on both sides of the beam.
13 is a perspective view showing the overall installation state of the cross-section precast concrete beam of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the precast concrete beam in the present invention, Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the center web member, and Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the end web member. And Fig. 4 is a moment distribution diagram of the end continuous beam.

As shown in Figs. 1 to 3, the cross-sectional precast concrete view of the present invention includes a center web member 21; A connecting member 22 provided at both ends of the central web member 21 so as to protrude in the vertical direction on both sides of the central web member 21; A pair of end web members 23 formed at both ends of the connecting member 22 so as to be perpendicular to the center web member 21; And a lower flange member (24) coupled to a lower portion of the central web member (21) and the end web member (23); . ≪ / RTI >

In other words, the cross-section precast concrete beam 2 of the present invention is composed of a portion having an inverted T-shaped cross section at the center portion and a U-shaped cross section at the end portion.

And the central web member 21 and the end web member 23 are interconnected by a connecting member 22. [

Therefore, since the amount of the members and the weight of the members can be reduced by the central portion composed of the center web member 21 and the lower flange member 24, transportation and self weight of the members are easier, and workability and economy are improved.

It is also possible to easily arrange the stiffener such as the continuous stiffener 26 between the pair of end web members 23 by the end portion composed of the pair of end web members 23 and the lower flange member 24 have. Therefore, it is advantageous for the end continuous and it is possible to enhance the unity with the cast concrete. In addition, since only the end portion of the end portion is enlarged, efficient support can be achieved according to the moment distribution, and an economical design can be achieved.

When the concrete is filled between the pair of end web members 23, it can be integrated with the slab concrete 4 and can be resistant to the moment stress due to the compressive force of the lower flange member 24 and the tensile strength of the upper have.

As shown in FIG. 1, at least one or more first bosses 211 may protrude from the lower side of the center web member 21 so that the end of the beam coupled to the side is mounted.

Therefore, when the dances of the beams coupled to the side are small, the load can be supported by observing the upper part of the first knuckle 211. Of course, in the case where the dancing of the beam coupled at the side is large, it can be mounted on the upper flange member 24 of the cross-section precast concrete beam 2.

And a precast concrete beam joined to the side of the center web member 21. [

As shown in FIG. 1, a fixing steel bar 25 may protrude from the upper portion of the center web member 21 or the end web member 23.

The fixing reinforcing bar 25 contributes to the integration of the upper slab concrete 4 and the sectioned precast concrete beam 2.

As can be seen from FIG. 4, when the cross-section precast concrete beam 2 of the present invention is applied, the maximum moment magnitude of the member can be reduced by controlling the moment magnitude of the center portion and the end portion of the beam.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a cross-section precast concrete beam according to the present invention having a lower flange member having a thick end portion, and FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing an installation state of the cross-section precast concrete beam according to the present invention shown in FIG.

As can be seen from Fig. 5, the lower flange member 24 can be made thick at both ends.

That is, the thickness of the lower flange member 24 located at both ends of the beam may be greater than the thickness of the lower flange member 24 located below the center web member 21 of the beam.

In this case, since the cross section of the end portion receiving the moment is increased, the shear reinforcement effect is provided by acting as an end portion hunting. That is, local concentration damage of the beam member is prevented and cracks are prevented by preventing the stress concentration at the junction with other members such as the column to reinforce the joint.

At this time, the lower flange member 24 can be configured to be thicker at both ends of the lower flange member 24 in the downward direction.

As shown in Fig. 6, when the present invention is applied to the side of the other precast concrete beam 2 ", the side shear of the precast concrete beam 2 is different from that of the other precast concrete beam 2 &Quot; on the lower flange member 24 "of the lower flange member 2 ".

The transverse section precast concrete beam 2 is connected to the side of the precast concrete beam 2 "at the upper part of the column 1 and the other transverse section free " A step is formed by the thickness of the cast concrete beam 2 and the lower flange member 24.

Therefore, if the thickness of the lower flange member 24 at both ends of the variable section end precast concrete beam 2 is made thick in the lower direction of the lower flange member 24, the step can be canceled, The upper level can be kept the same between the cross-section pre-cast concrete beams 2.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the present invention's cross-section precast concrete beam installed on an upper portion of a column, and FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a cross-section precast concrete beam of the present invention shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 7, a second engaging jaw 231 may be protruded from the lower end of the end portion of the end web member 23 so that the end of the beam coupled to the side is mounted.

When the beams are engaged at the side of the end web member 23, the second engaging jaw 231 supports the load by receiving the beams on the second engaging jaw 231.

Particularly, when the stepped precast concrete beams 2, 2 'on both sides of the adjacent column 1 on the upper part of the column 1 are provided so as to abut against each other, the strength of the stepped precast concrete beams 2, 2' It is possible to mount a beam to the second engagement bump 231 formed on the end web member 23. [

That is, beams are placed on upper portions of a pair of neighboring second galchela stitches 231 in mutually adjacent stepped precast concrete beams 2 and 2 ', so that the two second galchela stitches 231 meet, You can support the beam. Therefore, each of the second-arming locks 231 can be configured to be equal to or less than the width of the beam.

A through hole 232 may be formed in the upper part of the second through-hole 231 so that the fixing steel of the beam 3 coupled to the side is inserted.

The through-hole 232 can be a continuous end by inserting the fixing reinforcing end of the beam joined at the side of the end web member 23 into the inside of the cross-section precast concrete beam 2, 2 '.

Accordingly, the maximum moment of the beam coupled at the side surface of the end web member 23 can be reduced, and the beam dancing can be reduced.

As shown in Fig. 8, the lower flange member 24 under the end web member 23 may have an opening 241 at its end.

The opening portion 241 is a portion through which the joint reinforcing bars of the column 1 located at the lower portion are protruded upward to prevent the interference between the column 1 joint reinforcing bar and the end web member 23.

8, the pair of end web members 23 can be coupled to each other so as to interconnect with the elongated bolts LB.

The end web members 23 are likely to be broken due to weak bonding between the end web members 23 facing each other by the openings 241 formed at the lower end of the lower flange member 24. [

Therefore, by interconnecting the pair of facing end web members 23 with the long bolt LB, it is possible to prevent the end web member 23 from being damaged by a lateral load or an impact during operation.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a cross-section precast concrete beam according to the present invention having a PS steel wire inside a lower flange member.

9, a PS wire 242 is provided in the longitudinal direction inside the lower flange member 24 so that a prestress can be introduced into the lower portion of the beam.

With respect to the tensile force acting on the lower part of the member, the PS steel wire 242 may be provided in the lower part of the member in advance to introduce the prestress when the PC member is manufactured. Therefore, it is more advantageous to realize a long span by improving the bending performance of the member.

When the slab concrete 4 is poured, the center web member 21 can resist the momentum by the tensile force of the lower PS steel wire 242 and the compressive force of the upper concrete.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of a cross-section precast concrete beam according to the present invention installed on an upper part of a column, and FIGS. 11 and 12 show embodiments of a cross-section precast concrete beam according to the present invention, .

As shown in FIGS. 10 to 12, one end of the continuous stiffener 26 for continuous sequential connection with the neighboring beam 2 can be positioned in the space between the pair of end web members 23.

As shown in Fig. 10, a cross-section precast concrete beam 2 is installed on both sides of the upper part of the column 1, or a cross-section precast concrete beam 2 is provided on both sides of the beam 2 " When installed, each sidewall precast concrete beam 2 can realize end sequencing by placing the end of the continuous stiffener 26 in the space between the pair of end web members 23. [

That is, one end of the continuous stiffener 26 is positioned between the pair of end web members 23 of the one side end precast concrete beam 2 and the pair of adjacent side end precast concrete beams 2 And the other end of the continuous stiffener 26 is positioned between the end web members 23.

The spaces between the pair of end web members 23 are filled with concrete as in the case of the installation of the upper slab concrete 4, so that the neighboring slab precast concrete beams 2 are integrated.

In the embodiment of FIG. 10, the cross-section precast concrete beam 2 is installed on both sides of the column 1 on the upper surface of the bracket 11 that is enlarged in cross section on the column 1.

At this time, when the hollow precast concrete column 1 is used, the space between the end web members 23 and the hollow portion of the column 1 are filled with the concrete when the upper slab concrete 4 is poured. Of course, it is also possible to separate the pillar 1 as a vertical member and the concrete of the beam 2 as a horizontal member.

In particular, when the cross-section precast concrete beam 2 is installed on both sides of the beam 2 ", an opening can be formed in the beam 2 "located at the center. In this case, one continuous stiffener 26 passes through the opening in the space between the pair of end web members 23 of the one side end precast concrete beam 2 to form a portion of the other side end precast concrete beam 2 And to extend into the space between the end-piece web members 23 of the pair.

In the embodiment of Figure 11, the cross-section precast concrete beam 2 is positioned on both sides of the single web beam 2 "where the web is located on the bottom flange, and the embodiment of Figure 12 has a pair of The cross-section precast concrete beam 2 is located on both sides of the double web beam 2 "where the web is located.

11 and 12, a through hole 232 is formed in the web of beam 2 "to penetrate the continuous stiffener 26. As shown in Fig.

The continuous stiffener 26 may be composed of a reinforcing bar or a stranded wire.

It is easy to insert a reinforcing bar as a continuous stiffener 26 between the adjacent cross-section precast concrete beams 2 when the neighboring cross-section precast concrete beams 2 are continuous from the upper part of the column 1.

On the other hand, when the continuous stiffener 26 is installed through the opening of the beam 2 ", the length of the reinforcing bars may be long and it may be difficult to insert the reinforcing bars due to interference with the connecting member 22 or the like.

Therefore, in this case, a strand that can be freely changed in shape in place of the reinforcing bar can be used as the continuous stiffener 26.

Fig. 13 is a perspective view showing the overall installation state of the cross-section precast concrete beam according to the present invention.

13 is an example of a case where the beam 3 is applied to the first bracket 211 formed on the side surface of the center web member 21 of the cross-section precast concrete beam 2 of the present invention.

 The beam 3 can be designed to distribute the load when a large load is applied at the top. Since the beam 3 has a relatively short span, it can be designed as a simple beam in order to simplify the construction and simplify the analysis.

1: Column 11: Bracket
2, 2 ': Precast Concrete Beam 2 ": Precast Concrete Beam
21: center web member 211:
22: connecting member 23: end web member
231: the second step 232: through hole
24, 24 ": lower flange member 241:
242: PS steel wire 25: Fixed reinforcing steel
26: continuous stiffener 3: beam
4: Slab Concrete LB: Long Bolt

Claims (12)

A central web member (21);
A connecting member 22 provided at both ends of the central web member 21 so as to protrude in the vertical direction on both sides of the central web member 21;
A pair of end web members 23 formed at both ends of the connecting member 22 so as to be perpendicular to the center web member 21; And
A lower flange member (24) coupled to a lower portion of the central web member (21) and the end web member (23); Wherein the pre-cast concrete beam is formed of a pre-cast concrete.
The method of claim 1,
Wherein at least one or more first bosses (211) are protruded from the lower side of the central web member (21) so that the ends of the beams coupled to the side are mounted.
The method of claim 1,
And a fixing reinforcing bar (25) is provided to protrude above the center web member (21) or the end web member (23).
The method of claim 1,
Wherein the lower flange member (24) has a thicker thickness at both ends.
5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein the lower flange member (24) is thickened in the downward direction at both ends of the lower flange member (24).
The method of claim 1,
And a second engaging jaw (231) is protruded from the lower end of the end portion of the end web member (23) so that the end of the beam coupled to the side is fixed.
The method of claim 6,
And a through hole (232) is formed in the upper part of the second through hole (231) so that the fixing steel of the beam (3) coupled to the side is inserted.
8. The method according to claim 6 or 7,
Characterized in that the lower flange member (24) under the end web member (23) is provided with an opening (241) at the end thereof.
9. The method of claim 8,
Characterized in that the pair of end web members (23) are coupled to each other so as to interconnect with a long bolt (LB).
The method of claim 1,
And a PS steel wire (242) is provided in the longitudinal direction of the lower flange member (24) so that a prestress is introduced into the lower portion of the beam.
The method of claim 1,
And one end of a continuous stiffener (26) for sequential connection with the neighboring beam (2) is located in the space between the pair of end web members (23).
12. The method of claim 11,
Wherein the continuous stiffener (26) is a reinforcing bar or a stranded wire.
KR1020150071052A 2015-05-21 2015-05-21 Precast concrete beam with variable cross section KR101834423B1 (en)

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KR101834423B1 KR101834423B1 (en) 2018-03-06

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20220153332A (en) * 2021-05-11 2022-11-18 주식회사 후레씨네코리아 Post-tensioned PC beam system and construction method thereof
EP4332319A1 (en) * 2022-08-30 2024-03-06 Koutermolen nv Reusable support beam for roof of concrete frame building and a concrete frame building constructed with such support beams

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002097716A (en) * 2000-09-22 2002-04-05 Ando Corp Short support slab supporting structure
KR100644745B1 (en) * 2005-08-24 2006-11-14 지에스건설 주식회사 Pc column-beam joint system and construction method thereof

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20220153332A (en) * 2021-05-11 2022-11-18 주식회사 후레씨네코리아 Post-tensioned PC beam system and construction method thereof
EP4332319A1 (en) * 2022-08-30 2024-03-06 Koutermolen nv Reusable support beam for roof of concrete frame building and a concrete frame building constructed with such support beams
BE1030828B1 (en) * 2022-08-30 2024-03-25 Koutermolen nv REUSABLE SUPPORT BEAM FOR ROOF OF CONCRETE FRAMEWORK AND A CONCRETE FRAMEWORK CONSTRUCTED WITH SUCH SUPPORT BEAMS

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