KR20150095196A - Anti-glare film - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention has a purpose of providing an anti-glare film which has excellent anti-glare properties in wide observation angle even under low haze, and controls fading and glint enough, when being arranged on an image display device. Provided is an anti-glare film which includes a transparent support, and an anti-glare film including a fine surficial protruding shape formed above, has total haze of 0.1% or more and 3% or less, has surficial haze of 0.1% or more and 2% or less, has average tilted angle of the surficial protruding shape of 0.2° or more and 1.2° or less, standard deviation of the tilted angle of 0.1° or more and 0.8° or less, and has intensity ratio of a power spectrum of complex amplitude in specific two space frequencies calculated from altitude of the surficial protruding shape and refractive index of the anti-glare layer be in a certain range respectively.

Description

ANTI-GLARE FILM

The present invention relates to an anti-glare film having excellent anti-glare properties.

An image display apparatus such as a liquid crystal display, a plasma display panel, a cathode ray tube (CRT) display, and an organic electroluminescence (EL) display has a configuration in which, in order to avoid deterioration of visibility due to external light, And an antiglare film is disposed on the surface.

As the antiglare film, a transparent film having a surface irregularity shape is mainly studied. Such an antiglare film exhibits anti-scattering property by reducing non-reflectance by scattering reflection of external light (external light scattering light) by surface irregularities. However, when the external light scattering light is strong, the entire display surface of the image display apparatus may become blurred or the display may become a whitish color. There is also a case where the surface irregularities of the antiglare film interfere with the pixels of the image display device, and so-called " flashing " In view of this, it is desired that the antiglare film sufficiently prevent the occurrence of this "desire" and "flash" while ensuring excellent antifogging properties.

As such an anti-glare film, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a anti-glare film in which glare does not occur even when placed in an image display apparatus with high definition and flare is sufficiently prevented, and fine surface irregularities are formed on the transparent substrate , The average length (PSm) of an arbitrary section curve of the surface irregularities is 12 占 퐉 or less, the ratio Pa / PSm of the arithmetic average height (Pa) to the average length (PSm) in the section curve is 0.005 or more and 0.012 or less, Wherein the ratio of the surface irregularity shape of the surface with the inclination angle of 2 or less is 50% or less, and the ratio of the surface with the inclination angle of 6 or less is 90% or more.

The anti-glare film disclosed in Patent Document 1 effectively suppresses the above-mentioned glare by making the average length (PSm) in an arbitrary cross-sectional curve very small, thereby eliminating the surface irregularities having a period of about 50 탆 which makes it easier to generate glare can do. However, in the anti-glare film disclosed in Patent Document 1, if the haze is to be made smaller (in the case of lower haze), the case where the display surface of the image display device having the anti-glare film disposed thereon is observed from obliquity, there was. Therefore, the anti-glare film disclosed in Patent Document 1 still had room for improvement in terms of retardation at a wide viewing angle.

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-187952

An object of the present invention is to provide an antiglare film which has excellent antifogging property even at a low observation angle even at low haze and can sufficiently suppress the occurrence of flare and glare when placed in an image display device.

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive studies for solving the above problems, the present inventors have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention provides an antiglare film comprising a transparent support and an antiglare layer having a fine surface relief shape formed thereon,

The total haze is 0.1% or more and 3% or less,

A surface haze of 0.1% or more and 2% or less,

Wherein said antiglare layer has an average value of inclination angles of surface irregularities of not less than 0.2 degrees and not more than 1.2 degrees and a standard deviation of inclination angles of not less than 0.1 degrees and not more than 0.8 degrees,

Wherein the power spectrum of the complex amplitude obtained by the following power spectral calculation method satisfies all of the following conditions (1) to (3).

(1) The ratio of the intensity H (0.002) at the spatial frequency of 0.002 탆 ^-1 of the power spectrum and the ratio H (0.01) / H (0.002) of the intensity H (0.01) at the spatial frequency of 0.01 탆 ^-1 of the power spectrum is 0.02 Or more;

(2) The ratio of the intensity H (0.002) at the spatial frequency of 0.002 탆 ^-1 of the power spectrum and the ratio H (0.02) / H (0.002) of the intensity H (0.02) at the spatial frequency of 0.02 탆 ^-1 of the power spectrum is 0.005 Or more;

(3) The ratio H (0.04) / H (0.002) of the intensity H (0.002) at the spatial frequency of 0.002 탆 ^-1 of the power spectrum to the intensity H (0.04) at the spatial frequency of 0.04 탆 ^-1 of the power spectrum is 0.0005 Or more.

≪ Power Spectrum Calculation Method >

(A) determining an average surface as a virtual plane from an average of elevations of the surface relief shapes;

(B) a minimum elevation surface including a point having the lowest elevation of the surface irregularity shape and being a virtual plane parallel to the average surface, and a point having the highest elevation of the surface irregularity shape, Determines the highest elevation plane that is a parallel hypothetical plane;

(C) a surface roughness of the surface irregularities with respect to a plane wave having a wavelength of 550 nm emitted from the highest elevation surface perpendicular to the lowest elevation surface perpendicular to the lowest elevation surface and a refractive index of the antiglare layer, And the power spectrum of the complex amplitude when the amplitude is calculated is obtained.

In the antiglare film of the present invention,

The sum Tc of the transmission sharpness measured using five types of optical combs having widths of the arm portion and the list portion of 0.125 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm, respectively, is 375%

The sum Rc (45) of the reflection sharpness measured at the incident angle of 45 degrees of light using the four kinds of optical combs having the widths of the arm portion and the list portion of 0.25 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm and 2.0 mm is 180%

It is preferable that the sum Rc (60) of the reflection sharpness measured at an incident angle of 60 ° of light using the four kinds of optical combs having the widths of the arm portion and the list portion of 0.25 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm and 2.0 mm is 240% or less.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an antiglare film which is sufficiently retarded at a wide viewing angle even at low haze and is sufficiently suppressed from occurrence of flare and glare when placed in an image display device.

1 is a schematic view for explaining the inclination angle of the surface relief shape of the antiglare film.
2 is a schematic view for explaining a method of measuring the inclination angle of the surface relief shape of the antiglare film.
3 is a view for simply explaining the elevation of the surface relief shape of the antiglare film.
4 is a view for simply explaining the relationship between the height h (x, y) of the surface relief shape of the antiglare film, the height reference plane and the maximum height.
5 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the elevation of the surface relief shape of the antiglare film is discretely obtained.
6 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which a one-dimensional power spectrum is calculated from a two-dimensional power spectrum of a complex amplitude calculated from an elevation of a surface relief shape obtained as a discrete function.
Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the one-dimensional power spectrum H (f) of the complex amplitude calculated from the elevation of the surface relief shape of the antiglare film with respect to the spatial frequency f.
Fig. 8 is a diagram schematically showing a preferable example of a manufacturing method (first half portion) of a metal mold.
Fig. 9 is a diagram schematically showing a preferable example of a method for manufacturing a mold (latter half).
Fig. 10 is a diagram schematically showing a preferable example of the production apparatus used in the method for producing an antiglare film of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a diagram schematically showing a suitable preliminary curing step in the method for producing an antiglare film of the present invention.
12 is a diagram schematically showing a unit cell for glare evaluation.
13 is a diagram schematically showing a flashing evaluation apparatus.
14 is a view showing a part of a pattern A used in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1. Fig.
15 is a view showing a part of the pattern B used in the fourth embodiment.
16 is a view showing a part of the pattern C used in the fifth embodiment.
17 is a view showing a part of a pattern D used in Comparative Example 2. Fig.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings as necessary, but the dimensions and the like shown in the drawings are arbitrary for easy viewing.

The antiglare film of the present invention is characterized in that the average value of the inclination angles of the surface irregularities is 0.2 to 1.2 degrees and the standard deviation of the inclination angles is 0.1 to 0.8 degrees, The ratio of the intensity at the frequency of 0.002 탆 ^{-1 and} the intensity at the spatial frequencies of 0.01 탆 ^-1 , 0.02 탆 ^-1 and 0.04 탆 ^-1 , respectively, is in the above range.

First, a method of obtaining an average value, a standard deviation, and a power spectrum of a complex amplitude with respect to the antiglare film of the present invention will be described.

[Average value and standard deviation of inclination angle]

A method of obtaining an average value and a standard deviation of the tilt angles will be described.

The inventors of the present invention have found that it is very effective in obtaining an image display device having excellent anti-glare performance and effectively preventing fading, in order to make the surface irregularity shape of the antiglare film exhibit a specific inclined angle distribution. That is, in the antiglare film of the present invention, the average value of the inclination angles of the surface irregularities is 0.2 to 1.2 degrees, and the standard deviation of the inclination angles is 0.1 to 0.8 degrees. When the average value of the inclination angle is less than 0.2 deg., The unevenness of the surface irregularity shape becomes a substantially flat surface, and there is a possibility that sufficient antiglare performance can not be exhibited. When the average value of the inclination angle of the surface irregularity shape exceeds 1.2 degrees, the inclination angle becomes steep and the light from the surroundings can be easily condensed. Therefore, the image display apparatus provided with such an antiglare film tends to cause fading Loses. In addition, when the standard deviation of the tilt angle is less than 0.1 deg., The surface irregularity shape becomes uniform, and there is a possibility that sufficient antiglare performance may not be exhibited. In the case where the standard deviation of the tilt angle exceeds 0.8 deg., Even if the average value is within the predetermined range, there is a region where the tilt angle is steep in the surface irregularity shape, and the image display apparatus provided with such an anti- It becomes easier to do.

The term "tilt angle of the surface irregularity shape" in the present invention means a tilt angle of the surface normal irregularity shape at the arbitrary point P on the surface of the antiglare film 1 shown in Fig. The angle? The angle? Formed by the local normal 6 is influenced by the unevenness at the point P. The inclination angle of the surface relief shape can be obtained from three-dimensional information of the surface shape measured by a confocal microscope, an interference microscope, an atomic force microscope (AFM), or the like.

2 is a schematic view for explaining a method of measuring the inclination angle of the surface relief shape. As shown in Fig. 2, a notable point A on a virtual plane FGHI indicated by a dotted line is determined, and a point A is determined in the vicinity of a noteworthy point A on the x- Points C and E are taken symmetrically with respect to the point A in the vicinity of the point A and the point A on the y-axis passing through the point A and the points B, C, D and E R, S, and T on the film surface corresponding to the points A, In Fig. 2, the orthogonal coordinates in the film plane are represented by (x, y), and the coordinates in the film thickness direction are represented by z. The plane FGHI is a straight line parallel to the x axis passing through the point C on the y axis and a straight line parallel to the x axis passing through the point E on the y axis and a straight line parallel to the y axis passing the point B on the x axis, And a straight line parallel to the y-axis passing through the point D on the x-axis. 2, the position of the actual film surface is drawn to the upper side with respect to the plane FGHI. However, the actual film surface position may come to the upper side of the plane FGHI depending on the position taken by the point of interest A , It may come to the bottom.

The inclination angle of the obtained surface shape data (surface shape data of the surface irregularity shape) corresponds to the point P on the actual film surface corresponding to the remarked point A and the four points B, C, D and E taken in the vicinity thereof 6b, 6c, and 6d of the polygon 4 plane, that is, the four triangles PQR, PRS, PST, and PTQ extended by the total of five points of Q, R, S, Of the average normal vector 6 obtained by averaging the average normal vectors. After obtaining the tilt angle with respect to each measurement point in this manner, the average value and the standard deviation of the tilt angle are calculated.

In order to set the average value of the inclination angle of the surface irregular shape to 0.2 to 1.2 degrees and to set the standard deviation of the inclination angle to 0.1 to 0.8 degrees, a resin solution in which the fine particles are dispersed is applied on the transparent support, If the random irregularities are formed on the transparent support by exposing to the surface of the coating film, the particle size and dispersion state of the fine particles and the film thickness of the coating film may be adjusted. In general, under the condition that the particle diameter of the fine particles is constant, the average value of the tilt angle decreases by increasing the film thickness of the coating film. Further, the better the dispersion state of the fine particles, that is, the more uniformly the fine particles are arranged on the transparent support, the smaller the standard deviation of the tilt angle.

In a preferred method for obtaining the antiglare film of the present invention described later, an antiglare film satisfying the requirements of the present invention can be obtained by adjusting the etching amount of the second etching step. By increasing the etching amount of the second etching step, the average value and the standard deviation of the inclination angle can be reduced.

[Power spectrum of complex amplitude]

The power spectrum of the complex amplitude calculated from the elevation of the surface irregularity shape of the antiglare film and the refractive index of the antiglare layer will be described. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the antiglare film of the present invention. 3, an antiglare film (an antiglare film 1) of the present invention has a transparent support 101 and an antiglare layer 102 formed thereon, and the antiglare layer 102 is transparent And a surface irregularity shape having fine irregularities 2 on the side opposite to the support body 101.

Here, the "elevation of the surface irregularity shape" in the present invention means the height direction of the antiglare film of the present invention between the arbitrary point P on the surface irregular shape and the lowest elevation surface in the main normal direction 5 The normal direction in the plane). The elevation of an arbitrary point on the virtually determined lowest elevation surface is 0 占 퐉 and is a reference for obtaining an arbitrary elevation of an arbitrary point on the convex-concave shape. In FIG. 3, the elevation is represented by the lowest elevation surface 103.

Actually, the antiglare film has an antiglare layer having a fine surface relief shape on a two-dimensional plane as schematically shown in Fig. 1, when the rectangular coordinates in the film plane are represented by (x, y), the elevation of the surface irregularities is represented by a two-dimensional function h (x, y) of coordinates (x, y) .

The elevation of the surface irregularities can be obtained from three-dimensional information of the surface shape measured by a confocal microscope, an interference microscope, an atomic force microscope (AFM), or the like. The horizontal resolution required for the measuring instrument is preferably 5 占 퐉 or less, more preferably 2 占 퐉 or less. In addition, the vertical resolution required for the measuring instrument is preferably 0.1 占 퐉 or less, and more preferably 0.01 占 퐉 or less. The non-contact three-dimensional surface shape / roughness measuring instrument suitable for this measurement includes a New View 5000 series (manufactured by Zygo Corporation) and a 3-dimensional microscope PLμ2300 (manufactured by Sensofar). Since the resolution of the power spectrum of the elevation is required to be 0.002 占 퐉 ^-1 or less, the measurement area is preferably at least 500 占 퐉 占 500 占 퐉, and more preferably 750 占 퐉 占 750 占 퐉 or more.

Fig. 4 schematically shows the relationship between the elevation h (x, y) of the surface relief shape and the lowest elevation plane 103 and the highest elevation plane 104. Fig. Here, the elevation of the highest elevation surface 104 is h _max (탆). Fig. 4 shows the cross-sectional structure including the point having the highest elevation and the point having the lowest elevation of the present antiglare film.

The optical path length d (x, y) between the elevation reference plane 103 and the highest elevation plane 104 at the coordinate (x, y) is calculated by using the two-dimensional function h (x, y) ).

Where n _AG is the refractive index of the antiglare layer and n _air is the refractive index of air. Then, when the refractive index n _air of the _air is approximated by 1, equation (1) can be expressed by equation (2).

Next, a plane wave of a single wavelength (?) Propagating in the main normal direction 5 (direction of the main normal perpendicular to the lowest elevation surface) is incident from the transparent support side (lowest lowest elevation surface 103 side) (On the highest elevation surface 104 side), the complex amplitude of the plane wave will be described. The complex amplitude refers to a portion that does not include an element of time when the amplitude of the wave is complex represented. The amplitude of a plane wave of a single wavelength (lambda) can be generally expressed by the following Expression (3).

Here, A in the equation (3) is the maximum amplitude of the plane wave,? Is the circumferential rate, i is the imaginary unit, z is the coordinates (the optical path length from the origin) in the z axis direction (main normal direction 5) t is the time, and phi ₀ is the initial phase.

In Expression (3), the time-independent term is a complex amplitude. Therefore, the complex amplitude? (X, y) at the coordinates (x, y) of the highest elevation surface 104 with respect to the plane wave expressed by the equation (3) , z can be expressed by the following equation (4) in which the optical path length d (x, y) is substituted.

In the formula (4), the maximum amplitude A and the initial phase? ₀ of the plane wave do not depend on the coordinates (x, y) , A = 1 and? ₀ = 0 in the following description. Further, by substituting the above equation (2), the complex amplitude? (X, y) can be expressed by the following equation (5). In the present invention,? = 550 nm is used as a reference.

Next, a method of obtaining the power spectrum of the complex amplitude will be described. First, the two-dimensional function? (F _x , f _y ) is obtained from the two-dimensional function? (X, y) expressed by the equation (5) by the two-dimensional Fourier transform defined by the equation (6).

Where f _x and f _y are frequencies in the x and y directions, respectively, and have a dimension of the reciprocal of the length. The two-dimensional power spectrum H (f _x , f _y ) can be obtained by the equation (7) by squaring the absolute values of the obtained two-dimensional functions Ψ (f _x , f _y ).

The two-dimensional power spectrum H (f _x , f _y ) represents the spatial frequency distribution of the complex amplitude calculated from the elevation of the surface irregularities of the antiglare film. Since the antiglare film is isotropic, the two-dimensional function H (f _x , f _y ) representing the two-dimensional power spectrum of the complex amplitude is a one-dimensional function H (f) which depends only on the distance f from the origin . Next, a method of obtaining the one-dimensional function H (f) from the two-dimensional function H (f _x , f _y ) is shown. First, a two-dimensional function H (f _x , f _y ), which is a two-dimensional power spectrum of complex amplitude, is displayed in polar coordinates based on equation (8).

Here,? Is a declination angle in the Fourier space. The one-dimensional function H (f) can be obtained by calculating the rotation average of the two-dimensional function H (f cos?, F sin?) Displayed in polar coordinates on the basis of equation (9). The one-dimensional function H (f) obtained from the rotation average of the two-dimensional function H (f _x , f _y ) which is the two-dimensional power spectrum of the complex amplitude is also referred to as a one-dimensional power spectrum H (f).

An anti-glare film of the present invention, the surface strength of the complex amplitude in the one-dimensional power spectrum H (f) intensity H (0.002) and 0.01 ㎛ ^-1 spatial frequency in the spatial frequency of 0.002 ㎛ ^-1 calculated from the altitude of the concave-convex shape H (0.02) / H (0.002) of intensity H (0.02) at a spatial frequency of 0.02 mu m- ¹ , intensity H (0.002) (0.04) / H (0.002) of the intensity H (0.04) at a spatial frequency of 0.04 mu m < ^-1 >

Hereinafter, a method of obtaining a two-dimensional power spectrum of a complex amplitude calculated from the elevation of the surface irregularities of the antiglare film will be described in more detail. The three-dimensional information of the surface shape actually measured by the confocal microscope, the interference microscope, the atomic force microscope and the like is generally obtained as a discrete value, that is, an elevation corresponding to a plurality of measurement points. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which a function h (x, y) representing an elevation is discretely obtained. 5, the rectangular coordinate in the film plane is represented by (x, y), and a line segmented by Δx in the x-axis direction on the film projection plane 3 and a line segmented by Δy in the y- In the actual measurement, the elevation of the surface irregularity shape is obtained as a discrete table correction value for each area? X 占 y divided by each dashed line on the film projection surface 3.

As shown in Fig. 5, the measurement range in the x-axis direction is defined as X = MΔx, and the measurement range in the y-axis direction is defined as Y = NΔy, which is determined by the measurement range and Δx and Δy , And the number of the obtained elevation values is M x N pieces.

5, when the coordinates of the point of interest A on the film projection plane 3 are (m? X, n? Y) (where m is 0 or more and M-1 or less and n is 0 or more and N-1 or less) , The elevation of the point P on the film surface corresponding to the remarked point A can be represented by h (m? X, n? Y).

Here, the measurement intervals? X and? Y depend on the horizontal resolution of the measuring instrument, and in order to evaluate the surface irregularity shape with good precision, both? X and? Y are preferably 5 占 퐉 or less and more preferably 2 占 퐉 or less. Further, as described above, the measurement ranges X and Y are all preferably 500 m or more, and more preferably 750 m or more.

In this way, in actual measurement, the function indicating the elevation of the surface relief shape is obtained as a discrete function h (x, y) having M x N values. Therefore, the complex amplitude ψ (x, y) obtained by the equation (5) from the two-dimensional function h (x, y) of the surface relief shape is also obtained as a discrete function, and the complex amplitude ψ The two-dimensional function Ψ (f _x , f _y ) obtained by the 2D Fourier transform is also obtained as a discrete function as shown in equation (10) by discrete Fourier transform which is a discrete-time calculation of equation (6).

Here, j in the formula (10) is an integer of -M / 2 or more and M / 2 or less, and k is an integer of -N / 2 or more and N / 2 or less. Further,? F _x and? F _y are frequency intervals in the x direction and the y direction, respectively, and are defined by the equations (11) and (12).

The two-dimensional power spectrum H (f _x , f _y ) is obtained as shown in equation (13) by squaring the absolute value of the discrete function? (F _x , f _y ) obtained by equation (10).

The two-dimensional power spectrum H (f _x , f _y ) obtained as a discrete function also shows the spatial frequency distribution of the complex amplitude calculated from the elevation of the surface relief shape of the antiglare film. Since the antiglare film is isotropic, the two-dimensional discrete function H (f _x , f _y ) representing the two-dimensional power spectrum of the complex amplitude is also a one-dimensional discrete function H (f _x , f _y ) depending only on the distance f from the origin f). In the case of obtaining the one-dimensional discrete function H (f) from the two-dimensional discrete function H (f _x , f _y ), the rotational average can be calculated in the same manner as in equation (9). The discrete rotational averages of the two-dimensional discrete function H (f _x , f _y ) can be calculated by equation (14). The power spectrum calculation method calculates a one-dimensional power spectrum displayed from the one-dimensional discrete function H (f).

Here, in the case of M? N, l is an integer of 0 or more and N / 2 or less. When M < N, l is an integer of 0 or more and M / 2 or less. Δf is the distance interval from the origin, and a = Δf (Δf Δf _x + _y) / 2. Also, Θ (x) is a Heaviside function defined by Eq. (15). f _jk is the distance from the origin at (j, k) and is calculated by equation (16).

The calculation shown in equation (14) will be described with reference to Fig. The function Θ (f _jk - (l-1/2) Δf) is 0 when f _jk is less than (l-1/2) Δf and is 1 when it is more than (l-1/2) _jk - (l + 1/2)? f is 0 when f _jk is less than (l + 1/2)? f and 1 when f _jk is not less than (l + _{f jk - (l-1/} 2) Δf) -Θ (f jk - (l + 1/2) Δf) is, f _jk is (l-1/2) Δf or more (l-1/2) Δf below 1, and 0 otherwise. Where f _jk is in a frequency space, the denominator of because the distance from the origin _{O (f x = 0, f} y = 0), equation (14) is a distance f _jk from the origin O, (l-1/2 ) &Lt; / RTI &gt; f and (l + 1/2) &lt; RTI ID = 0.0 &gt; f &lt; / RTI &gt; The numerator of equation (14) is H (f _x , f _y ) of all points located at a distance f _jk from the origin O less than (l-1/2) (The total value of H (f _x , f _y ) at the point of the black circles in Fig. 6).

Generally, the one-dimensional power spectrum obtained by the above method includes noise in measurement. Here, in order to exclude the influence of the noise when obtaining the one-dimensional power spectrum, the elevation of the surface irregularities at a plurality of places on the anti-ghost film is measured, and the average value of the one-dimensional power spectrum obtained from the elevation of the surface irregularities is It is preferable to use it as the one-dimensional power spectrum H (f). The number of sites for measuring the elevation of the surface irregularities on the anti-ghost film is preferably 3 or more, and more preferably 5 or more.

Fig. 7 shows H (f) of the one-dimensional power spectrum of the complex amplitude calculated from the elevation of the surface relief shape thus obtained. The one-dimensional power spectrum H (f) in FIG. 7 is obtained by averaging one-dimensional power spectra obtained from elevations of surface irregularities at five different places on the antiglare film.

An anti-glare film of the present invention, the surface strength of the complex amplitude in the one-dimensional power spectrum H (f) intensity H (0.002) and 0.01 ㎛ ^-1 spatial frequency in the spatial frequency of 0.002 ㎛ ^-1 calculated from the altitude of the concave-convex shape H (0.02) / H (0.02) of the intensity H (0.002) and the intensity H (0.02) at a spatial frequency of 0.02 mu m- ¹ with a ratio H (0.01) / H 0.002) is 0.005 or more and 0.05 or less and the ratio H (0.04) / H (0.002) of the strength H (0.002) and the strength H (0.04) at a spatial frequency of 0.04 占 퐉 ^-1 is 0.0005 or more and 0.01 or less. Since the one-dimensional power spectrum H (f) is obtained as a discrete function, the intensity H (f ₁ ) at a specific spatial frequency f ₁ can be calculated by interpolation as shown in equation (17).

The antiglare film of the present invention can be formed into an excellent room with excellent antireflection properties by satisfactorily preventing generation of flare and glare by the synergistic effect of haze and reflectance ratio to be described later by setting the intensity ratio at the above- It manifests the present. In order to more effectively exhibit such effects, the ratio H (0.01) / H (0.002) is preferably 0.02 or more and 0.6 or less, more preferably 0.03 or more and 0.3 or less. Similarly, the ratio H (0.02) / H (0.002) is preferably in the range of 0.005 to 0.05, more preferably in the range of 0.007 to 0.04, and more preferably in the range of 0.0005 to 0.01 And more preferably 0.001 or more and 0.005 or less.

When the ratio H (0.01) / H (0.002) is less than the above range, it is preferable that the thickness of the film is about 100 탆 (0.01 탆 ^-1 at a spatial frequency) which contributes to the anti- The optical fluctuation of the period becomes small, and the retardation becomes insufficient. When the ratio H (0.01) / H (0.002) exceeds the above range, the optical fluctuation in the period of about 100 占 퐉 becomes too large, the surface irregularity shape of the antiglare film becomes coarse and the haze tends to rise It is not preferable.

When the ratio H (0.02) / H (0.002) is less than the above range, the thickness of the film is about 50 탆 (0.02 탆 ^{- 1} ) becomes small, and the light-scattering property becomes insufficient. When the ratio H (0.02) / H (0.002) exceeds the above range, the optical fluctuation of the period of about 50 占 퐉 becomes too large, and glare occurs.

If the non-H (0.04) / H (0.002 ) , which is smaller than the above range, the front side (0 ° ~10 °) from about 25 ㎛ to contribute to the anti-glare effect when observing the anti-glare film (0.04 ㎛ a spatial frequency ^{- 1} ) becomes small, and the light-scattering property becomes insufficient. When the ratio H (0.04) / H (0.002) exceeds the above range, scattering due to optical fluctuation in a short period of about 25 탆 is intensified, and desire is likely to occur.

[Total haze, surface haze]

The antiglare film of the present invention has a total haze of not less than 0.1% and not more than 3% and a surface haze of not less than 0.1% and not more than 2% with respect to normal incidence light so as to exhibit antifogging property and prevent fretting. The total haze of the antiglare film can be measured by a method in accordance with the method shown in JIS K 7136. An image display device in which an antiglare film having a total haze or a surface haze of less than 0.1% is disposed is not preferable because it does not exhibit sufficient diffusibility. Further, the antiglare film when the total haze is more than 3% or the surface haze is more than 2% is not preferable because the image display device in which the antiglare film is disposed causes fading. Such an image display apparatus also has a problem that its contrast is also insufficient.

The lower the internal haze obtained by subtracting the surface haze from the total haze, the better. An image display device in which an antiglare film having an internal haze of more than 2.5% is disposed has a tendency to lower its contrast.

[Transmission clarity Tc, reflection sharpness Rc (45), and reflection sharpness Rc (60)]

In the antiglare film of the present invention, it is preferable that the sum Tc of the transmission clarity determined under the following measurement conditions is 375% or more. The sum Tc of transmission sharpness is calculated by measuring the sharpness of an image using an optical comb of a predetermined width by a method in accordance with JIS K 7105, and then calculating the sum. Specifically, the sharpness of the image was measured using five types of optical combs each having a width ratio of the arm portion and the name portion of 1: 1 and widths of 0.125 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm, To obtain Tc. When the anti-glare film having a Tc of less than 375% is arranged in an image display device with higher image clarity, the anti-glare film may easily become flicker. The upper limit of Tc is selected within a range of 500% or less of its maximum value. However, if the Tc is excessively high, an image display apparatus which easily deteriorates the retardation from the front surface can be obtained.

The antiglare film of the present invention preferably has a reflectance sharpness Rc (45) measured with incident light at an incident angle of 45 degrees of 180% or less. The reflection sharpness Rc (45) is measured by a method in accordance with JIS K 7105 in the same manner as the above Tc. Among the five types of optical combs, four of the optical combs having a width of 0.25 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, And the sharpness of the measured image is measured using an optical comb of the type, and the sum is determined to be Rc (45). When the Rc 45 is 180% or less, it is preferable that the image display device provided with such an antiglare film has better anti-scattering properties when viewed from the front and oblique angles. The lower limit of the Rc (45) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 80% or more, for example, in order to suppress occurrence of desire or glare.

The antiglare film of the present invention preferably has a reflectance sharpness Rc (60) of 240% or less as measured with incident light at an incident angle of 60 °. The reflection sharpness Rc (60) is measured by a method in accordance with JIS K 7105 which is the same as the reflection sharpness Rc (45) except that the incident angle is changed. When the Rc (60) is 240% or less, the image display device in which the antiglare film is disposed is preferable because the retardation when viewed from the oblique direction becomes better. The lower limit of the Rc (60) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 150% or more, for example, in order to further suppress occurrence of desire or glare.

[Manufacturing method of antiglare film]

The antiglare film of the present invention is produced, for example, as follows. The first method is a method in which a surface irregular shape based on a predetermined pattern is prepared by preparing a mold for forming fine irregularities formed on a molding surface and transferring the shape of the irregular surface of the mold to the transparent support, And the transparent support is peeled from the mold. A second method is a coating method comprising the steps of preparing a composition containing fine particles, a resin (binder) and a solvent and dispersing the fine particles in a resin solution, applying the composition onto a transparent support, A coating film containing fine particles) is cured. In the second method, fine particles are exposed on the surface of the coating film to form random irregularities on the transparent support by adjusting the coating film thickness and the coagulation state of the fine particles by the composition of the composition and the drying conditions of the coating film. From the viewpoints of production stability and production reproducibility of the antiglare film, it is preferable to produce the antiglare film of the present invention by the first method.

Here, a first method preferable as a method for producing an antiglare film of the present invention will be described in detail.

In order to form the antiglare layer having the surface irregularity shape with the above-described characteristics with good precision, the prepared fine irregularity-forming mold (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as &quot; mold &quot;) is important. More specifically, the surface irregularities (hereinafter sometimes referred to as &quot; metal irregularities &quot;) of the metal mold are formed on the basis of a predetermined pattern, and the predetermined pattern has a spatial frequency of 0.002 ratio Γ (0.01) / Γ (0.002 ) of the intensity Γ (0.002), and spatial frequency 0.01 ㎛ ^-1 strength Γ (0.01) in a in ㎛ ^-1 is not less than 6 not more than 1.5, in the spatial frequency 0.002 ㎛ ^-1 (0.002) between the intensity Γ (0.002) and the intensity Γ (0.02) at a spatial frequency of 0.02 μm ^-1 is not less than 0.3 and not more than 5 and the intensity Γ (0.002) at a spatial frequency of 0.002 μm ^-1 , (0.04) / Γ (0.002) of the intensity Γ (0.04) at a spatial frequency of 0.04 μm ^-1 is preferably 3 or more and 13 or less. Here, the term &quot; pattern &quot; means image data for forming a surface irregularity shape of the antiglare layer of the antiglare film, a mask having a light transmitting portion and a light shielding portion, and the like.

First, a method for determining a pattern for forming the surface relief shape of the antiglare layer of the antiglare film of the present invention will be described.

A method of obtaining the two-dimensional power spectrum of the pattern is shown, for example, when the pattern is image data. First, after converting the image data into two-gradation binary image data, the gradation is represented by a two-dimensional function g (x, y). The obtained two-dimensional function g (x, y) is subjected to a Fourier transform to obtain a two-dimensional function G (f _x , f _y ) as shown in the following equation (18) By squaring the absolute value of G (f _x , f _y ), a two-dimensional power spectrum Γ (f _x , f _y ) is obtained. Here, x and y represent the Cartesian coordinates in the image data plane. Further, f _x and f _y each indicate the frequency in the x direction and the y direction, and have a dimension of the reciprocal of the length.

In the equation (18),? Is the circumferential rate and i is the imaginary unit.

This two-dimensional power spectrum Γ (f _x , f _y ) represents the spatial frequency distribution of the pattern. Generally, since the antiglare film is required to be isotropic, the pattern for producing the antiglare film of the present invention becomes isotropic. Therefore, the two-dimensional function Γ (f _x , f _y ) representing the two-dimensional power spectrum of the pattern can be represented by a one-dimensional function Γ (f) depending only on the distance f from the origin (0, 0). Next, a method for obtaining the one-dimensional function Γ (f) from the two-dimensional function Γ (f _x , f _y ) will be described. First, a two-dimensional function Γ (f _x , f _y ), which is a two-dimensional power spectrum of the gradation of a pattern, is expressed in polar coordinates as shown in equation (20).

Here,? Is a declination angle in the Fourier space. The one-dimensional function Γ (f) can be obtained by calculating the rotation average of the two-dimensional function Γ (fcosθ, fsinθ) expressed in polar coordinates, as shown in Eq. (21). Dimensional function Γ (f) obtained from the rotation average of the two-dimensional function Γ (f _x , f _y ), which is the two-dimensional power spectrum of the gradation of the pattern, is also referred to as a one-dimensional power spectrum Γ (f).

In order to obtain an anti-glare film of the present invention with good precision, the ratio Γ of the one-dimensional spatial frequency power spectrum at 0.002 ㎛ ^-1 of the intensity pattern Γ (0.002), and spatial frequency 0.01 ㎛ ^-1 strength Γ (0.01) in ( (0.02) / Γ (0.02) between the intensity Γ (0.002) at a spatial frequency of 0.002 μm ^-1 and the intensity Γ (0.02) at a spatial frequency of 0.02 μm ^-1 , and 0.002) of 0.3 or higher than 5, the spatial frequency intensity Γ (at 0.002 ㎛ ^-1 0.002) and the spatial frequency ratio Γ (Γ strength of 0.04 (0.04) at ^{0.04 ㎛ -1) / Γ (0.002} ) is 3 or more 13 or less.

When the two-dimensional power spectrum of the pattern is obtained, the two-dimensional function g (x, y) of the gradation is usually obtained as a discrete function. In this case, the two-dimensional power spectrum may be calculated by discrete Fourier transform. The one-dimensional power spectrum of the pattern is obtained in the same way from the two-dimensional power spectrum of the pattern.

The average value of the two-dimensional function g (x, y) is determined by the maximum value of the two-dimensional function g (x, y) and the maximum value of the two-dimensional function g ) Of the difference between the minimum value and the minimum value. In the case where the surface of the mold concavity and convexity is manufactured by the lithography method, this two-dimensional function g (x, y) is the aperture ratio of the pattern. In the case where the surface of the mold concavity and convexity is manufactured by the lithography method, the aperture ratio of the pattern referred to here is defined. The aperture ratio when the resist used in the lithography method is a positive resist means the ratio of the exposed area to the entire surface area of the coating film when image data is drawn on the coating film of the positive resist. On the other hand, the aperture ratio when the resist used in the lithography method is a negative resist means the ratio of the unexposed area to the entire surface area of the coating film when image data is drawn on the coating film of the negative resist. The aperture ratio when the lithography method is a batch exposure means the ratio of the transparent portion of the mask having the transparent portion and the shielding portion.

The antiglare film of the present invention is characterized in that each of intensity ratios Γ (0.01) / Γ (0.002), Γ (0.02) / Γ (0.002) and Γ (0.04) / Γ (0.002) With the above-mentioned range, a desired metal mold can be produced and manufactured by the first method using the metal mold.

In order to generate a pattern of a one-dimensional power spectrum having such an intensity ratio, a pattern (random pattern) prepared by randomly arranging dots or a pattern having a random brightness distribution in which the density is determined by a random number or a similar random number generated by a calculator, And removes a component of a specific spatial frequency range from the preliminary pattern. To remove the component of the specific spatial frequency range, the preliminary pattern may be passed through a bandpass filter.

In order to produce an antiglare film having an antiglare layer provided with a surface relief shape based on a predetermined pattern, a mold having a mold relief surface for transferring a surface relief shape formed on the basis of the predetermined pattern to a transparent support is produced. The first method using such a mold is an emboss method in which an antiglare layer is formed on a transparent support.

Examples of the embossing method include an optical embossing method using a photo-curable resin, a hot embossing method using a thermoplastic resin, and the like. Above all, from the viewpoint of productivity, the optical emboss method is preferable.

The optical embossing method is a method in which a photo-curable resin layer is formed on a transparent support (a surface of a transparent support), and the photo-curable resin layer is pressed on the surface of the metal mold concavity and convexity, It is a method of transferring to a photocurable resin layer. Specifically, the photo-curing resin layer formed by applying the photo-curable resin on the transparent support is placed in close contact with the surface of the mold unevenness, and light (the light which can be cured by the photo-curable resin is used from the transparent support side ) Is cured to cure the photo-curable resin (the photo-curing resin included in the photo-curable resin layer), and then the transparent support on which the photo-curable resin layer after curing is formed is peeled from the mold. In the antiglare film obtained by such a production method, the photocurable resin layer after curing becomes an antiglare layer. From the viewpoint of ease of manufacture, an ultraviolet ray-curable resin is preferable as the photo-curing resin, and ultraviolet rays are used as the light to be irradiated when the ultraviolet ray-curable resin is used (an emboss method using an ultraviolet ray- Hereinafter referred to as &quot; UV emboss method &quot;). In order to produce an antiglare film integrated with a polarizing film, a polarizing film may be used as the transparent support, and the transparent support may be replaced with a polarizing film in the embossing method described herein.

The type of the ultraviolet-curing resin used in the UV embossing method is not particularly limited, and among commercially available resins, an appropriate one may be used depending on the kind of the transparent support and the kind of ultraviolet ray. Such a UV-curable resin is a concept including a monomer (multifunctional monomer), an oligomer and a polymer which are photopolymerized by ultraviolet irradiation, and a mixture thereof. A resin which can be cured by visible light having a wavelength longer than that of ultraviolet rays may also be used by suitably using a photoinitiator selected depending on the kind of ultraviolet ray curable resin. Suitable examples of the ultraviolet-curing resin will be described later.

As the transparent support used in the UV embossing method, for example, glass or a plastic film can be used. Plastic films can be used if they have appropriate transparency and mechanical strength. Specifically, for example, a cellulose acetate-based resin such as TAC (triacetylcellulose); Acrylic resin; Polycarbonate resin; Polyester-based resins such as polyethylene terephthalate; And a transparent resin film made of a polyolefin-based resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene. These transparent resin films may be solvent cast films or extruded films.

The thickness of the transparent support is, for example, 10 to 500 mu m, preferably 10 to 100 mu m, and more preferably 10 to 60 mu m. When the thickness of the transparent support is within this range, an antiglare film having sufficient mechanical strength tends to be obtained, and the image display apparatus provided with the antiglare film is further difficult to cause glare.

On the other hand, the hot embossing method is a method in which a transparent resin film formed of a thermoplastic resin is pressed against the surface of a mold concavity and convexity by heating and softened, and the surface concave-convex shape of the surface of the concave-convex mold is transferred onto a transparent resin film. The transparent resin film used in the hot embossing method may be any substantially transparent as long as it is substantially optically transparent. Specifically, those exemplified as the transparent resin film used in the UV embossing method may be mentioned.

Next, a method for manufacturing a mold used in the embossing method will be described.

Regarding the method of manufacturing the mold, it is preferable that the mold surface of the mold is formed so as to be capable of transferring the surface relief shape formed on the basis of the above-mentioned predetermined pattern onto the transparent support (forming an antiglare layer having a surface relief shape formed on the basis of the predetermined pattern In order to produce the antiglare layer having the surface irregularity shape with good precision and good reproducibility, the lithography method is preferable. The lithography method may further comprise the steps of [1] a first plating step, [2] a first polishing step, [3] a photosensitive resin film forming step, [4] an exposure step, [5] [6] the first etching step, [7] the photosensitive resin film peeling step, [8] the second etching step, [9] the second plating step, and [10] the second polishing step.

Fig. 8 is a diagram schematically showing a preferable example of the first half of the manufacturing method of the metal mold. Fig. 8 schematically shows a cross section of a mold in each step. Hereinafter, with reference to FIG. 8, each step of the method for producing a mold for producing an antiglare film of the present invention will be described in detail.

[1] First plating process

First, a substrate (substrate for a mold) used in the production of a mold is prepared, and the surface of the substrate for a die is subjected to copper plating. As described above, by performing copper plating on the surface of the mold base material, the adhesion and gloss of the chrome plating in the second plating step described later can be improved. Copper plating is capable of forming a smooth and glossy surface by embedding minute irregularities and voids of the substrate for a mold because of its high covering ability and strong smoothing action. Therefore, even if chrome plating is performed in the second plating step described later by performing the copper plating on the surface of the substrate for the mold in this manner, the surface of the chromium plating surface, which is thought to be caused by minute unevenness and voids existing in the substrate The roughness is eliminated. Therefore, even if the surface irregularity shape (fine irregular surface shape) based on the predetermined pattern is formed on the mold base material molding surface, it is possible to sufficiently prevent the deviation due to the influence of the surface of the base (base material) .

As the copper used for the copper plating in the first plating process, a pure metal of copper may be used, or an alloy (copper alloy) containing copper as a main component may be used. Therefore, &quot; copper &quot; used for copper plating is a concept including copper and a copper alloy. The copper plating may be electrolytic plating or electroless plating, but it is preferable to use electrolytic plating for copper plating in the first plating step. The preferable plating layer in the first plating step may be not only a copper plating layer but also a copper plating layer and a plating layer formed of a metal other than copper.

When the plating layer formed by copper plating on the surface of the mold base is too thin, the thickness thereof is preferably 50 占 퐉 or more because the influence of the base surface (minute unevenness, voids, cracks, etc.) Do. Although the upper limit of the thickness of the plating layer is not critical, it is preferably about 500 占 퐉 or less in consideration of cost and the like.

The substrate for a mold is preferably a substrate made of a metal material. From the viewpoint of cost, aluminum, iron, or the like is preferable as a material of the metal material. From the viewpoint of handling convenience of the mold base material, a base material made of lightweight aluminum is particularly preferable as a mold base material. The aluminum and the railway referred to herein are not necessarily pure metals, and may be an alloy containing aluminum or iron as a main component.

The shape of the base material for the mold may be any suitable shape according to the method for producing an antiglare film of the present invention. Specifically, it is selected from a plate-like base material, a cylindrical base material, or a cylindrical (roll-shaped) base material. In the case of continuously producing the antiglare film of the present invention, the mold preferably has a roll shape. Such a mold is manufactured from a rolled mold base material.

[2] First polishing step

In the subsequent first polishing step, the surface (plating layer) of the substrate for copper-plated base material is polished in the above-described first plating step. In the method for producing a mold used in the method for producing an antiglare film of the present invention, it is preferable that the surface of the mold base is polished to a state close to the mirror surface through the first polishing step. Commercial products such as flat-panel substrates and roll-shaped substrates used as a substrate for a mold often have been subjected to machining such as cutting or grinding in order to obtain a desired precision. As a result, microscopic processing marks remain on the surface of the substrate for a mold. Therefore, even if a plating (preferably, a copper plating) layer is formed by the first plating process, the above-mentioned processing trace may remain. Further, even if plating is performed in the first plating step, the surface of the substrate for a mold can not be completely smoothed. That is, even if the steps of [3] to [10] described below are carried out on the substrate for a mold having such a surface with a deep processing mark left thereon, Or there may be cases where irregularities originating from processing marks are included. When an antiglare film is produced by using a mold in which effects such as processing marks are left, optical characteristics such as desired antiglare properties can not be sufficiently exhibited and there is a fear of unexpected influence.

The polishing method used in the first polishing step is not particularly limited, and a polishing method according to the shape and properties of the substrate for a mold to be polished is selected. Specific examples of the polishing method applicable to the first polishing step include mechanical polishing, electrolytic polishing, and chemical polishing. Among these, as the mechanical polishing, any of a super finishing method, lapping, fluid polishing, and buff polishing can be used. Further, the surface of the mold base material may be mirror-finished by performing mirror-surface cutting using a cutting tool in the polishing step. In this case, the material and shape of the cutting tool can be selected from among cemented carbide, CBN, ceramic, and diamond bite depending on the type of material (metallic material) of the mold base material. From the viewpoint of machining accuracy, desirable. The surface roughness after polishing is preferably 0.1 占 퐉 or less and more preferably 0.05 占 퐉 or less as expressed by a centerline average roughness (Ra) according to JIS B 0601. If the centerline average roughness (Ra) after polishing is larger than 0.1 占 퐉, the surface roughness of the finally obtained metal mold irregularities may be influenced by such surface roughness. The lower limit of the center line average roughness (Ra) is not particularly limited. Therefore, the lower limit may be set in view of the processing time (polishing time) and the processing cost in the first polishing step.

[3] Photosensitive resin film forming process

Next, a photosensitive resin film forming process will be described with reference to Fig.

In the step of forming a photosensitive resin film, a solution (photosensitive resin solution) in which a photosensitive resin is dissolved in a solvent is applied to the surface 41 of the mold base material 40 subjected to the mirror polishing performed by the first polishing step, And dried to form a photosensitive resin film (resist film). 8 schematically shows a state in which the photosensitive resin film 50 is formed on the surface 41 of the mold base material 40 (Fig. 8 (b)).

As the photosensitive resin, conventionally known photosensitive resins can be used. Those which are already commercially available as a resist can be used as it is, or after purification by filtration if necessary. Examples of the negative-type photosensitive resin having a property of curing the photosensitive portion include monomers and prepolymers of (meth) acrylic acid esters having acryloyl groups or methacryloyl groups in the molecule, mixtures of bisazides and diene rubbers, Vinyl cinnamate-based compounds, and the like. Further, as the positive photosensitive resin having the property that the photosensitive portion elutes due to the development and only the non-photosensitive portion remains, a phenol resin-based nano-bloc resin-based resin or the like can be used. Such a positive or negative photosensitive resin can be easily obtained from the market as a positive resist or a negative resist. The photosensitive resin solution may be blended with various additives such as a sensitizer, a development promoter, an adhesion modifier, and a coating property improving agent, if necessary, or a mixture of such additives in a commercially available resist may be used as a photosensitive resin solution .

In order to apply these photosensitive resin solutions to the surface 41 of the mold base material 40, it is necessary to select a solvent which is most suitable for forming a smoother photosensitive resin film, to dissolve the photosensitive resin in such a solvent and dilute the photosensitive resin solution . Such a solvent is selected depending on the kind of the photosensitive resin and the solubility thereof. Specifically, for example, the solvent is selected from a cellosolve solvent, a propylene glycol solvent, an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent, a ketone solvent, a high polarity solvent and the like. In the case of using a commercially available resist, an optimum resist may be selected and used as a photosensitive resin solution, depending on the type of the solvent contained in the resist or a suitable preliminary experiment.

The method of applying the photosensitive resin solution to the mirror polished surface of the mold base material can be carried out by a method such as meniscus coat, fountain coat, dip coat, spin coating, roll coating, wire bar coating, air knife coating, blade coating, , The shape of the mold base material, and the like. The thickness of the photosensitive resin film after the application is preferably in the range of 1 to 10 mu m, more preferably in the range of 6 to 9 mu m, after the drying.

[4] Exposure Process

The subsequent exposure step is a step of transferring the intended pattern onto the photosensitive resin film 50 by exposing the photosensitive resin film 50 formed in the photosensitive resin film forming step described above. The light source used in the exposure process may be appropriately selected in accordance with the photosensitive wavelength and the sensitivity of the photosensitive resin included in the photosensitive resin film. For example, the g light (wavelength: 436 nm), the h line (wavelength: 405 nm) (Wavelength: 830 nm, 532 nm, 488 nm, 405 nm), YAG laser (wavelength: 1064 nm), KrF excimer laser (wavelength: 248 nm), ArF excimer Laser (wavelength: 193 nm), F2 excimer laser (wavelength: 157 nm), or the like can be used. The exposure method may be a method of collective exposure using a mask corresponding to a target pattern, or a drawing method. As described above, the intensity of the intensity ratio Γ (0.01) / Γ (0.002), Γ (0.02) / Γ (0.002) and Γ (0.04) / Γ 0.002) is set to a predetermined preferable range.

In the method of manufacturing a mold, it is preferable to expose a desired pattern on a photosensitive resin film in a precisely controlled state in order to form the surface relief shape of the mold with higher precision. In order to expose in such a state, it is desirable to draw a desired pattern on the computer as image data and draw (pattern) a pattern based on the image data on the photosensitive resin film by laser light emitted from a computer-controlled laser head Do. When laser drawing is performed, for example, a laser drawing apparatus generally used in the production of a printing plate or the like can be used. Commercially available products of such a laser beam drawing apparatus include, for example, Laser Stream FX (manufactured by Sink Laboratories).

FIG. 8C schematically shows a state in which the pattern is exposed on the photosensitive resin film 50. FIG. When a negative photosensitive resin is contained in the photosensitive resin film 50 (for example, when a negative resist is used as the photosensitive resin solution), the exposed region 51 is exposed to the exposure energy and the crosslinking reaction of the photosensitive resin proceeds And the solubility in a developing solution to be described later is lowered. Therefore, in the developing step, the unexposed area 52 is dissolved by the developing solution, and only the exposed area 51 remains on the substrate surface to become the mask 60. [ On the other hand, in the case where a positive type photosensitive resin is contained in the photosensitive resin film 50 (for example, when a positive resist is used as the photosensitive resin solution), in the exposed region 51, It is easy to dissolve in a developer to be described later. Thus, in the developing process, the exposed area 51 is dissolved by the developing solution, and only the unexposed area 52 remains on the substrate surface to become the mask 60. [

[5] Development process

In the developing step, when the photosensitive resin film 50 contains a negative-type photosensitive resin, the unexposed area 52 is dissolved by the developing solution, and the exposed area 51 remains on the mold substrate, (60). On the other hand, when the photosensitive resin film 50 contains a positive photosensitive resin, only the exposed area 51 is dissolved by the developing solution, and the unexposed area 52 remains on the mold base material, 60). In the substrate for a mold in which a predetermined pattern is formed as a photosensitive resin film, in the first etching step, the photosensitive resin film remaining on the substrate for a mold acts as a mask in a first etching step described later.

With regard to the developer used in the developing process, among those conventionally known, those suitable for the type of the photosensitive resin used can be selected. For example, the developing solution may contain inorganic alkalis such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, sodium metasilicate, and aqueous ammonia; Primary amines such as ethylamine, n-propylamine; Secondary amines such as diethylamine, di-n-butylamine; Tertiary amines such as triethylamine and methyldiethylamine; Alcohol amines such as dimethylethanolamine and triethanolamine; Quaternary ammonium compounds such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide and trimethylhydroxyethylammonium hydroxide; An alkaline aqueous solution in which cyclic amines such as pyrrole and piperidine are dissolved; And organic solvents such as xylene and toluene.

The developing method in the developing step is not particularly limited, and an immersion phenomenon, a spray phenomenon, a brush phenomenon, an ultrasonic phenomenon, or the like can be used.

Fig. 8 (d) schematically shows the state after the developing process is performed by using a negative photosensitive resin. 8 (d), the unexposed area 52 is dissolved by the developer, and only the exposed area 51 remains on the surface of the substrate, and the photosensitive resin film of this area becomes the mask 60. [ Fig. 8 (e) schematically shows the state after the development process is performed using a positive photosensitive resin. 8E, the exposed area 51 is dissolved by the developing solution, and only the unexposed area 52 remains on the substrate surface, and the photosensitive resin film of this area becomes the mask 60. [

[6] First etching step

The first etching step is a step of etching a plating layer in a mask-free area of the surface of a mold base using the photosensitive resin film remaining on the surface of the mold base after the above-described development process as a mask.

Fig. 9 is a diagram schematically showing a preferable example of the second half of the manufacturing method of the mold. FIG. 9A schematically shows a state after the plating layer in the region where no mask is mainly etched by the etching step. FIG. The plating layer under the mask 60 is not etched due to the photosensitive resin film acting as the mask 60 but the etching from the maskless region 45 proceeds with the progress of the etching. Therefore, the plating layer underlying the mask 60 is also etched near the boundary between the masked region 45 and the masked region 45. As described above, the plating on the lower plating layer of the mask 60 is also referred to as side etching in the vicinity of the boundary between the mask 60 and the maskless region 45.

The etching treatment in the first etching step is usually carried out by using an etching solution such as a ferric chloride (FeCl ₃ ) solution, a cupric chloride (CuCl ₂ ) solution, or an alkali etching solution (Cu (NH ₃ ) ₄ Cl ₂ ) (Metal surface) in the area of the surface of the mold base mainly free of the mask 60 is performed. As the etching treatment, a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid may be used as an etching solution. In the case where the plating layer is formed by electrolytic plating, etching treatment is performed using reverse electrolytic etching by applying a potential opposite to that at electrolytic plating You may. The shape of the surface irregularities formed on the mold base material when the etching treatment is performed differs depending on the kind of the constituent material (metal material) or plating layer of the mold base material, the type of the photosensitive resin film, and the type of etching treatment in the etching process , It is etched in a substantially isotropic manner from the surface of the substrate for a mold in contact with the etching solution when the etching amount is not more than 10 탆. The etching amount referred to here is the thickness of the plating layer cut by etching.

The etching amount in the first etching step is preferably 1 to 20 mu m, more preferably 3 to 10 mu m, and further preferably 5 to 8 mu m. When the amount of etching is less than 1 占 퐉, the surface irregularities are hardly formed on the mold and the surface has a substantially flat surface. Even if the antiglare film is produced using the metal mold, . The image display device having such an antiglare film does not exhibit sufficient flashing resistance. In addition, when the etching amount is too large, the surface of the finally obtained mold concave / convex surface tends to have a large difference in level of concavity and convexity. Even if an antiglare film is produced by using the mold, the occurrence of fade can not be sufficiently prevented in an image display apparatus provided with the antiglare film. The etching treatment in the etching step may be performed by one etching treatment or may be performed by dividing the etching treatment into two or more times. In the case where the etching treatment is divided into two or more times, it is preferable that the total etching amount in two or more etching treatments is 1 to 20 占 퐉.

[7] Photosensitive resin film peeling step

In the subsequent photosensitive resin film peeling step, the photosensitive resin film remaining on the mold substrate is completely removed by the above-described process, which acts as the mask 60 in the first etching step and removes the photosensitive resin film remaining on the mold base material. It is preferable to remove it. In the photosensitive resin film peeling step, it is preferable to dissolve the photosensitive resin film using a peeling liquid. As the exfoliation liquid, those prepared by changing the concentration, pH and the like of the exemplified developer can be used. Alternatively, the same developer as that used in the developing process may be used, and the photosensitive resin film may be peeled off by changing the temperature or immersion time with the developing process. In the photosensitive resin film peeling step, the method of contacting the peeling liquid and the substrate for the mold (peeling method) is not particularly limited, and the peeling may be peeling off, spray peeling, brush peeling, ultrasonic peeling or the like.

9B schematically shows a state in which the photosensitive resin film used as the mask 60 in the first etching step is completely dissolved and removed by the photosensitive resin film peeling step. The first surface relief shape 46 is formed on the surface of the mold base material by the mask 60 made of the photosensitive resin film and the etching treatment.

[8] Second etching process

In the second etching step, the first surface irregularities 46 formed by the first etching step are subjected to a further etching treatment (second etching treatment) to reduce the surface irregularities. By this second etching treatment, in the first surface irregularity shape 46 formed by the first etching treatment, there is no part where the surface inclination is steep (hereinafter, among the surface irregularity shapes, Is referred to as &quot; shape slowing &quot;). 9C shows a state in which the first surface irregularities 46 of the mold base material 40 are reduced in shape by the second etching treatment so that the portion where the surface inclination is steep is reduced, And a second surface relief shape 47 is formed. The mold obtained by performing the second etching treatment in this way has the effect that the optical characteristics of the antiglare film of the present invention produced using the mold are more preferable.

The second etching process of the second etching process can also use an etching process using the same etching liquid as the first etching process or an inverse electrolytic etching process. The degree of the shape reduction after the second etching treatment (degree of disappearance of the portion where the surface inclination is steep in the surface irregular shape after the first etching step) is determined by the material of the mold base material, the means of the second etching treatment, And the depth and the depth of the concavities and convexities in the surface irregularities obtained by the surface irregularities, the largest factor in controlling the slowing state (degree of shape reduction) is the etching amount in the second etching treatment to be. The amount of etching referred to here is also expressed by the thickness of the substrate shaved by the second etching treatment, as in the case of the first etching step. If the etching amount of the second etching treatment is small, the effect of the shape reduction of the surface irregularity shape obtained by the first etching step becomes insufficient. Therefore, in the antiglare film produced using a mold having insufficient shape reduction, the average value and standard deviation of the inclination angles of the surface irregularities tend to exceed the requirements of the present invention, resulting in desire. On the other hand, if the amount of etching in the second etching treatment is excessively large, the irregularities of the surface irregularities formed by the first etching step hardly disappear, resulting in a mold having a substantially flat surface. In the antiglare film produced using such a mold having an almost flat surface, the average value and the standard deviation of the inclination angles of the surface relief shapes are liable to fall below the requirements of the present invention, and as a result, the antireflection property may become insufficient. Therefore, the etching amount of the second etching treatment is preferably in the range of 1 to 50 mu m, more preferably in the range of 4 to 20 mu m, and further preferably in the range of 9 to 12 mu m. As with the first etching step, the second etching treatment may be performed by one etching treatment or may be performed by dividing the etching treatment two or more times. In the case where the etching treatment is divided into two or more times, it is preferable that the total etching amount in two or more etching treatments is 1 to 50 占 퐉.

[9] Second plating process

In the second plating step, plating is performed on the surface of the substrate for a mold, which has undergone the steps of [6] and [7] described above, preferably the steps of [6] Plating) is performed. By performing the second plating process, the surface irregularity shape 47 of the mold base material can be made to be slow, and the mold surface can be protected by the plating. 9D, the chromium plating layer 71 is formed on the second surface irregular surface 47 formed by the second etching treatment as described above, so that the surface irregularity shape is reduced (the mold irregular surface 70 )).

As the plating layer formed by the second plating process, chromium plating is preferable in that it has gloss, high hardness, small coefficient of friction, and good releasability. Among the chromium plating, chromium plating, which is called so-called glossy chromium plating or decorative chromium plating, which exhibits good glossiness, is particularly preferable. Chrome plating is carried out, but by the conventional electrolytic, and the plating bath, the aqueous solution containing chromic anhydride (CrO ₃₎ and a small amount of sulfuric acid is used as the plating solution. By controlling the current density and the electrolysis time, the thickness of the chromium plating layer can be controlled.

By applying chromium plating to the surface irregularities on the surface of the mold base material after the second etching treatment, the shape can be reduced and a mold having increased surface hardness can be obtained. The largest factor in controlling the degree of shape reduction in this case is the thickness of the chromium plating layer. If the thickness is thin, the degree of shape reduction becomes insufficient, and the antiglare film obtained by using such a mold may have a desire. On the other hand, if the thickness of the chromium plating layer is excessively large, the antireflection property becomes insufficient. The inventors of the present invention have found that it is effective to fabricate a mold so that the thickness of the chromium plating layer is within a predetermined range in the antiglare film for sufficiently preventing occurrence of fretting and obtaining an image display device having excellent antiglare property. That is, the thickness of the chromium plating layer is preferably in the range of 2 to 10 mu m, more preferably in the range of 5 to 10 mu m.

The chromium plating layer formed in the second plating step is preferably formed so as to have a Vickers hardness of 800 or more, more preferably 1,000 or more. When the Vickers hardness of the chrome plated layer is less than 800, the durability of the mold tends to be lowered when an antiglare film is produced using the mold.

[10] Second polishing step

The final step of the mold production is a second polishing step of polishing the surface (chromium plating layer) of the chromium-plated base material in the above-described second plating process. The chromium plating has gloss, high hardness, small coefficient of friction and good releasability, but micro cracks are generated on the surface due to high internal stress when forming the chromium plating layer. In the method for producing a mold used in the method for producing an antiglare film of the present invention, it is preferable to eliminate the roughness of the surface shape due to micro cracks of chromium plating through the second polishing step. When an antiglare film is produced by using a mold in which the roughness of the surface shape due to micro cracks of chromium remains, the scattering on the surface becomes strong, which may cause a desire. In addition, when there is a distribution in the density of occurrence of micro cracks, a scattering-strong portion and a weak portion are generated in the antiglare film produced by using the metal mold, and non-uniformity may occur.

The polishing method applied in the second polishing step is preferably a method of selectively polishing only the roughness of the surface shape due to microcracks without substantially affecting the mold surface irregularities 70 formed in the second plating step. Specific examples of such a polishing method include lapping, fluid polishing, blast polishing, and the like. It is preferable that the polishing amount, which is the amount by which the chromium plating layer is scraped in the second polishing step, is 0.03 mu m or more and 0.2 mu m or less. When the polishing amount is less than 0.03 占 퐉, the effect of eliminating the roughness of the surface shape due to microcracks becomes insufficient. On the other hand, when the amount of polishing exceeds 0.2 탆, a flat area is generated in the mold surface irregularities 70. When an antiglare film is produced using a mold in which a flat region is generated, there is a fear that the antireflection property becomes insufficient.

Hereinafter, the optical embossing method which is preferable as a method for producing the antiglare film of the present invention will be described. As described above, the UV embossing method is particularly preferable as the optical embossing method. Here, the embossing method using the active energy ray-curable resin will be specifically described.

In order to continuously produce the antiglaving film of the present invention, when the antiglare film of the present invention is produced by the optical embossing method, the following steps:

[P1] A coating process for coating a coating liquid containing an active energy ray-curable resin on a transparent support continuously conveyed to form a coating layer,

[P2] A final curing step of irradiating the active energy ray from the transparent support side while pressing the surface of the mold on the surface of the coated layer

.

Further, when the antiglare film of the present invention is produced by the optical embossing method,

[P3] It is more preferable to include a pre-curing step of irradiating active energy rays to both end regions in the width direction of the coated layer after the coating step [P1] and before the curing step [P2].

Hereinafter, each step will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Fig. 10 is a diagram schematically showing a preferable example of the production apparatus used in the method for producing an antiglare film of the present invention. Arrows in Fig. 10 indicate the transport direction of the film or the rotation direction of the roll.

[P1] Coating process

In the coating step, a coating solution containing an active energy ray-curable resin is coated on a transparent support to form a coating layer. 10, the coating liquid containing the active energy ray-curable resin composition is applied to the transparent support 81 released from the delivery roll 80 in the coating zone 83. In this coating process,

Coating of the coating liquid onto the transparent support 81 can be performed by, for example, a gravure coating method, a micro gravure coating method, a rod coating method, a knife coating method, an air knife coating method, a kiss coating method, a die coating method, .

(Transparent support)

The transparent support 81 may be of a light transmitting type, for example, glass or a plastic film. The plastic film may have appropriate transparency and mechanical strength. Specifically, any of those exemplified as the transparent support already used in the UV embossing method can be used, and in order to continuously produce the antiglare film of the present invention by the optical embossing method, those having appropriate flexibility are selected .

Various surface treatments may be performed on the surface (coating layer side surface) of the transparent support 81 for the purpose of improving the coating property of the coating solution and improving the adhesiveness between the transparent support and the coating layer. Examples of the surface treatment include a corona discharge treatment, a glow discharge treatment, an acid surface treatment, an alkali surface treatment, and an ultraviolet ray irradiation treatment. Further, another layer such as a primer layer may be formed on the transparent support 81, and a coating liquid may be coated on the other layer.

In order to improve the adhesion between the transparent support and the polarizing film, the surface of the transparent support (the surface opposite to the coating layer) is subjected to various surface treatments It is preferable to make it hydrophilic. This surface treatment may be carried out after the production of the antiglare film.

(Coating solution)

The coating liquid contains an active energy ray curable resin and usually contains a photopolymerization initiator (radical polymerization initiator). If necessary, various additives such as a light-transmitting fine particle, a solvent such as an organic solvent, a leveling agent, a dispersant, an antistatic agent, an antifouling agent and a surfactant may be contained.

(1) Active energy ray curable resin

As the active energy ray-curable resin, for example, a resin containing a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate compound can be preferably used. The polyfunctional (meth) acrylate compound is a compound having at least two (meth) acryloyloxy groups in the molecule. Specific examples of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate compound include esters of polyhydric alcohol and (meth) acrylic acid, urethane (meth) acrylate compounds, polyester (meth) acrylate compounds, epoxy (meth) And polyfunctional polymerizable compounds containing two or more (meth) acryloyl groups.

Examples of the polyhydric alcohol include polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, tetrapropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, Dihydric alcohols such as diol, hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, 2,2'-thiodiethanol and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol; Trimethylol propane, glycerol, pentaerythritol, diglycerol, dipentaerythritol, ditrimethylol propane and the like.

Specific examples of the esters of polyhydric alcohol and (meth) acrylic acid include ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) (Meth) acrylate, trimethylol ethane tri (meth) acrylate, tetramethylol methane tri (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) (Meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, glycerin tri (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol tri (Meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, It can be given rate.

Examples of the urethane (meth) acrylate compound include an urethane formation reaction product of an organic isocyanate having a plurality of isocyanate groups in one molecule and a (meth) acrylic acid derivative having a hydroxyl group. Examples of the organic isocyanate having a plurality of isocyanate groups in one molecule include hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, tolylene diisocyanate, naphthalene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate and dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate. Organic isocyanates having two isocyanate groups in one molecule, and organic isocyanates having three isocyanate groups in one molecule in which isocyanurate modification, adduct modification and biuret modification of these organic isocyanates are exemplified. Examples of the (meth) acrylic acid derivative having a hydroxyl group include 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl (Meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl (meth) acrylate and pentaerythritol triacrylate.

The polyester (meth) acrylate compound is preferably a polyester (meth) acrylate obtained by reacting a hydroxyl group-containing polyester with (meth) acrylic acid. The hydroxyl group-containing polyester which is preferably used is a hydroxyl group-containing polyester obtained by an esterification reaction of a polyhydric alcohol with a compound having a carboxylic acid or a plurality of carboxyl groups and / or anhydride thereof. As the polyhydric alcohol, the same compounds as the above-mentioned compounds can be exemplified. In addition to polyhydric alcohols, bisphenol A and the like may be mentioned as phenols. Examples of the carboxylic acid include formic acid, acetic acid, butylcarboxylic acid, and benzoic acid. Examples of the compound having a plurality of carboxyl groups and / or anhydrides thereof include maleic acid, phthalic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, adipic acid, terephthalic acid, maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, trimellitic acid and cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid anhydride. .

Among the above polyfunctional (meth) acrylate compounds, hexane diol di (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate and the like are preferable from the viewpoints of improving the strength of the cured product, Ester compounds such as trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, tripropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate and dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate; Adducts of hexamethylene diisocyanate and 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate; Adducts of isophorone diisocyanate and 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate; Adducts of tolylene diisocyanate and 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate; Adducts of adducts of modified adduct of isophorone diisocyanate and 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate; And adducts of biuret-modified isophorone diisocyanate and 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate are preferred. These polyfunctional (meth) acrylate compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The active energy ray-curable resin may contain, in addition to the above-mentioned polyfunctional (meth) acrylate compound, a monofunctional (meth) acrylate compound. Examples of the monofunctional (meth) acrylate compound include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, (Meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, (Meth) acrylate, glycidyl (meth) acrylate, acryloylmorpholine, N-vinylpyrrolidone, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (Meth) acrylate, isobornyl (meth) acrylate, acetyl (meth) acrylate, benzyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl ) Acrylate, ethyl carbitol (meth) acrylate, phenoxy (meth) acrylate, Acrylate, ethylene oxide modified (meth) acrylate, propylene oxide modified (meth) acrylate, nonylphenol (meth) acrylate, ethylene oxide modified (meth) acrylate, propylene oxide modified nonylphenol (Meth) acrylates such as methoxydiethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl-2-hydroxypropyl phthalate, dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate and methoxy triethylene glycol Meth) acrylates. These compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Further, the active energy ray curable resin may contain a polymerizable oligomer. By containing a polymerizable oligomer, the hardness of the cured product can be adjusted. The polymerizable oligomer can be obtained, for example, by reacting the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate compound, that is, an ester compound of a polyhydric alcohol and (meth) acrylic acid, a urethane (meth) acrylate compound, a polyester (meth) ) Acrylate and the like, oligomers such as trimer and the like.

Examples of other polymerizable oligomers include urethane (meth) acrylate oligomers obtained by reacting a polyisocyanate having at least two isocyanate groups in a molecule with a polyhydric alcohol having at least one (meth) acryloyloxy group . Examples of the polyisocyanate include a polymer of hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, tolylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and xylylene diisocyanate. The polyisocyanate includes at least one (meth) acryloyloxy group- Examples of the alcohol include a hydroxyl group-containing (meth) acrylic acid ester obtained by an esterification reaction between a polyhydric alcohol and (meth) acrylic acid. Examples of the polyhydric alcohol include 1,3- butanediol, 1,4- Diol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, trimethylol propane, glycerin, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol and the like. In the polyhydric alcohol having at least one (meth) acryloyloxy group, a part of the alcoholic hydroxyl groups of the polyhydric alcohol is esterified with (meth) acrylic acid and an alcoholic hydroxyl group remains in the molecule.

Examples of other polymerizable oligomers include polyester (meth) acrylates obtained by reacting a compound having a plurality of carboxyl groups and / or anhydrides thereof with a polyhydric alcohol having at least one (meth) acryloyloxy group Oligomers. Examples of the compounds having a plurality of carboxyl groups and / or anhydrides thereof include the same ones described in the polyester (meth) acrylate of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate compound. Examples of the polyvalent alcohol having at least one (meth) acryloyloxy group include the same ones described for the urethane (meth) acrylate oligomer.

In addition to the polymerizable oligomer as described above, a compound obtained by reacting an isocyanate with a hydroxyl group of a hydroxyl group-containing polyester, a hydroxyl group-containing polyether or a hydroxyl group-containing (meth) acrylate ester as an example of a urethane (meth) . The hydroxyl group-containing polyester which is preferably used is a hydroxyl group-containing polyester obtained by an esterification reaction of a polyhydric alcohol with a compound having a carboxylic acid or a plurality of carboxyl groups and / or anhydride thereof. Examples of the polyhydric alcohol, compound having a plurality of carboxyl groups and / or anhydrides thereof are the same as those described in the polyester (meth) acrylate compound of a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate compound. The hydroxyl group-containing polyether which is preferably used is a hydroxyl group-containing polyether obtained by adding one or more kinds of alkylene oxide and / or epsilon -caprolactone to a polyhydric alcohol. The polyhydric alcohol may be the same as that usable for the hydroxyl group-containing polyester. Examples of the hydroxyl group-containing (meth) acrylate ester which is preferably used include the same ones described in the urethane (meth) acrylate oligomer of the polymerizable oligomer. As the isocyanate, a compound having at least one isocyanate group in the molecule is preferable, and a divalent isocyanate compound such as tolylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and isophorone diisocyanate is particularly preferable.

These polymerizable oligomer compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

(2) Photopolymerization initiator

The photopolymerization initiator can be appropriately selected depending on the kind of active energy ray to be applied to the production of the antiglare film of the present invention. When an electron beam is used as the active energy ray, a coating liquid containing no photopolymerization initiator may be used for producing the antiglare film of the present invention.

Examples of the photopolymerization initiator include an acetophenone photopolymerization initiator, a benzoin photopolymerization initiator, a benzophenone photopolymerization initiator, a thioxanthone photopolymerization initiator, a triazine photopolymerization initiator, and an oxadiazole photopolymerization initiator. Examples of the photopolymerization initiator include 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, 2,2'-bis (o-chlorophenyl) -4,4 ', 5,5'- 2-chloroacridone, 2-ethyl anthraquinone, benzyl, 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, camphorquinone, methyl phenylglyoxylate, and titanocene compounds can also be used . The photopolymerization initiator is used in an amount of usually 0.5 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the active energy ray curable resin.

The coating liquid may contain a solvent such as an organic solvent in order to improve the coating property to the transparent support. Examples of the organic solvent include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, cyclohexane and octane; Aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; Alcohols such as ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol and cyclohexanol; Ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and cyclohexanone; Esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and isobutyl acetate; Glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether and propylene glycol monoethyl ether; Esterified glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate; Cellosolves such as 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol; And carbitols such as 2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethanol, 2- (2-ethoxyethoxy) ethanol and 2- (2-butoxyethoxy) ethanol, Can be used. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. After the coating, it is necessary to evaporate the organic solvent. Therefore, the boiling point is preferably in the range of 60 占 폚 to 160 占 폚. The saturated vapor pressure at 20 占 폚 is preferably in the range of 0.1 kPa to 20 kPa.

In the case where the coating liquid contains a solvent, it is preferable to form a drying step in which the solvent is evaporated and dried after the coating step and before the first curing step. The drying can be carried out, for example, by passing a transparent support 81 having a coating layer in the drying zone 84, as in the example shown in Fig. The drying temperature is appropriately selected depending on the type of solvent and transparent support to be used. But is not limited thereto. When there are a plurality of drying furnaces, the temperature may be changed for each drying furnace. The thickness of the coating layer after drying is preferably 1 to 30 mu m.

Thus, a laminate in which a transparent support and a coating layer are laminated is formed.

[P2] Curing process

In this step, an active energy ray is irradiated from the side of the transparent support in a state in which the surface of the mold layer (convexo-concave) having a desired surface irregularity shape is pressed on the surface of the coated layer to cure the coated layer, Thereby forming a cured resin layer. As a result, the coating layer is cured and the surface irregularities on the surface of the mold concavity and convexity are transferred to the surface of the coating layer. The mold used here is in the form of a roll, and is manufactured by using a roll-shaped mold base material in the previously described mold manufacturing method.

The present process can be carried out, for example, as shown in Fig. 10, for example, in a coating zone 83 (in the case of drying, a drying zone 84, and in the case of performing a pre- 86), an active energy ray irradiating device 86 such as an ultraviolet irradiating device arranged on the side of the transparent support 81 was used for the laminate having the coating layer passed through the preliminary curing zone It can be done by irradiating the energy line.

First, the roll-shaped mold 87 is pressed on the surface of the coated layer of the laminate subjected to the curing process by using a compression device such as a nip roll 88, and in this state, , An active energy ray is irradiated from the side of the transparent support 81 to cure the coating layer 82. Here, &quot; curing the coating layer &quot; means that the active energy ray-curable resin contained in the coating layer receives energy of an active energy ray to cause a curing reaction. The use of a nip roll is effective in preventing the introduction of bubbles into the space between the coating layer and the mold of the laminate. One or more active energy ray irradiating devices may be used.

After irradiation of the active energy ray, the laminate is peeled from the mold 87 using the nip roll 89 on the exit side as a fulcrum. The cured coating layer of the obtained transparent support and the cured coating layer becomes an antiglare layer to obtain the antiglare film of the present invention. The obtained antiglare film is usually wound by a film winding device 90. At this time, for the purpose of protecting the antiglare layer, a protective film made of polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene may be adhered to the surface of the antiglare layer through a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer having re-releasability. It is to be noted that, although the case where the metal mold used is a roll shape is explained here, a metal mold other than the roll shape may also be used. Further, after peeling from the mold, additional active energy ray irradiation may be performed.

The active energy ray to be used in this step can be appropriately selected from ultraviolet rays, electron rays, near ultraviolet rays, visible rays, near-infrared rays, infrared rays, and X rays depending on the type of active energy ray curable resin contained in the coating solution. The electron beam is preferable, and ultraviolet rays are particularly preferable because it is easy to handle and high energy can be obtained (as described above, the UV emboss method is preferable in the optical embossing method).

As the light source of ultraviolet rays, for example, low pressure mercury lamp, medium pressure mercury lamp, high pressure mercury lamp, ultra high pressure mercury lamp, carbon arc lamp, electrodeless lamp, metal halide lamp, xenon arc lamp and the like can be used. An ArF excimer laser, a KrF excimer laser, an excimer lamp, or a synchrotron radiation can also be used. Of these, ultra-high pressure mercury lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, low-pressure mercury lamps, electrodeless lamps, xenon arc lamps and metal halide lamps are preferably used.

The electron beam may be 50 to 1000 keV, preferably 100 to 1000 keV, emitted from various electron beam accelerators such as a COCORT WALTON type, a Vandegraph type, a resonance type, an insulating core type, a linear type, a Dynamitron type, And an electron beam having an energy of ~ 300 keV.

When the active energy ray is ultraviolet ray, the accumulated amount of light in UVA of ultraviolet ray is preferably 100 mJ / cm ² or more and 3000 mJ / cm ² or less, more preferably 200 mJ / cm ² or more and 2,000 mJ / cm ² or less to be. In order to suppress the absorption, the amount of ultraviolet UVV (395 to 445 nm) in the wavelength range including visible light is preferably adjusted so that the total amount of the ultraviolet light (395 to 445 nm) . The amount of accumulated light in the UVV is preferably 100 mJ / cm ² or more and 3000 mJ / cm ² or less, more preferably 200 mJ / cm ² or more and 2000 mJ / cm ² or less. When the accumulated light quantity is less than 100 mJ / cm ² , the curing of the coating layer becomes insufficient, the hardness of the obtained antiglare layer becomes low, or the uncured resin adheres to a guide roll or the like, which tends to cause process contamination. When the accumulated light quantity exceeds 3000 mJ / cm ² , the transparent support shrinks due to the heat radiated from the ultraviolet irradiator to cause wrinkles.

[P3] Pre-hardening process

The present step is a step of preliminarily curing the both end regions by irradiating active energy rays to both end regions in the width direction of the transparent support of the coating layer prior to the curing step. 11 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a preliminary curing step. In Fig. 11, the end region 82b in the width direction of the coating layer (direction perpendicular to the transport direction) is a region having a predetermined width from the end portion including the end portion of the coating layer.

By preliminarily curing the end regions in the preliminary curing step, the adhesion with the transparent support 81 is further enhanced in the end regions. In the process after the curing step, part of the cured resin is peeled off and falls, Can be prevented. The end region 82b may be, for example, an area of 5 mm or more and 50 mm or less from the end of the coating layer 82.

The irradiation of the active energy ray to the end region of the coating layer can be performed by irradiating the coating layer 82 which has passed through the coating zone 83 (in the case of drying, the drying zone 84) Can be performed by irradiating an active energy ray using an active energy ray irradiating device 85 such as an ultraviolet ray irradiating device provided in the vicinity of both end portions on the coating layer 82 side with respect to the transparent support 81 having the above- The active energy ray irradiating device 85 may be provided so as to irradiate an active energy ray to the end region 82b of the coating layer 82 and may be provided on the transparent support 81 side.

The kind of active energy ray and the light source are the same as the present curing process. When the active energy ray is ultraviolet ray, the accumulated amount of light in UVA of ultraviolet ray is preferably 10 mJ / cm ² or more and 400 mJ / cm ² or less, more preferably 50 mJ / cm ² or more and 400 mJ / cm ² or less. It is possible to more effectively prevent the deformation in the final curing step by irradiating the surface of the substrate to be at least 50 mJ / cm ² . On the other hand, if it exceeds 400 mJ / cm ² , the curing reaction proceeds excessively, and as a result, the resin peeling may occur at the boundary between the hardened portion and the uncured portion due to the difference in film thickness or the distortion of the internal stress.

[Use of Antiglare Film of the Present Invention]

The antiglare film of the present invention obtained as described above is used in an image display apparatus or the like and is usually used by being bonded to a polarizing film as a visible side protective film of a viewer side polarizing plate (that is, disposed on the surface of an image display apparatus). Further, as described above, when a polarizing film is used as the transparent support, an antiglare film integrated with a polarizing film can be obtained. Therefore, such an antiglare film integrated with a polarizing film can also be used for an image display apparatus. The image display apparatus provided with the antiglare film of the present invention has sufficient retardation at a wide viewing angle, and can well prevent occurrence of fading and glare.

Example

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples. In the examples, &quot;% &quot; and &quot; part &quot; representing the content or amount are based on weight unless otherwise specified. The evaluation method of the mold or the antiglare film in the following examples is as follows.

[1] Measurement of surface shape of antiglare film

(Inclination angle of the surface relief shape)

The elevation of the surface of the antiglare film was measured using a three-dimensional microscope PL 占 2300 (manufactured by Sensofar Co.). In order to prevent warping of the measurement sample, an optically transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive was used and the surface opposite to the antiglare layer of the measurement sample was bonded to the glass substrate and then provided for measurement. The magnification of the objective lens at the time of measurement was set to 50 times. The horizontal resolutions? X and? Y were all 0.332 占 퐉 and the measurement area was 255 占 퐉 占 191 占 퐉. Based on the obtained measurement data, calculation was made based on the above-described algorithm, and an average value and a standard deviation of inclination angles of the surface irregularities were calculated.

(Power spectrum of complex amplitude calculated from the elevation of surface irregularities)

The elevation of the surface relief shape of the antiglare layer of the antiglare film as a measurement sample was measured using a three-dimensional microscope PL mu 2300 (manufactured by Sensofar). In order to prevent warping of the sample, an optically transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive was used and the surface opposite to the antiglare layer of the measurement sample was bonded to the glass substrate and then provided for measurement. In the measurement, the magnification of the objective lens was set to be 10 times. The horizontal resolutions? X and? Y were both 1.66 占 퐉 and the measurement area was 1270 占 퐉 占 950 占 퐉. Data of 512 x 512 (850 mu m x 850 mu m in measurement area) are sampled from the center of the obtained measurement data, and the elevation of the surface irregularities (irregular surface irregularities of the antiglare layer) x, y). Subsequently, the two-dimensional function ψ (x, y) is calculated from the two-dimensional function h (x, y) by the complex amplitude. The wavelength (λ) in calculating the complex amplitude was set to 550 nm. The two-dimensional function ψ (x, y) was determined for the two-dimensional function Ψ (f _x, f _y) by a discrete Fourier transform. Dimensional function H (f _x , f _y ) of the two-dimensional power spectrum by squaring the absolute values of the two-dimensional functions Ψ (f _x , f _y ) Dimensional function H (f). Dimensional characteristics of the one-dimensional power spectrum H (f) of the one-dimensional power spectrum of each sample calculated from these data by measuring the elevation of five surface irregularities with respect to each sample, f).

[2] Measurement of Optical Properties of Antiglare Film

(Hayes)

The total haze of the antiglare film is obtained by bonding the antiglare film to the glass substrate on the side opposite to the antiglare layer of the measurement sample by using an optically transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive and setting the antiglare film bonded to the glass substrate from the glass substrate side Light was incident thereon and measured by a method in accordance with JIS K 7136 using a haze meter &quot; HM-150 &quot; type manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory Co., Ltd. The surface haze is obtained by obtaining the internal haze of the antiglare film,

Surface Haze = Overall Haze - Inner Haze

By subtracting the internal haze from the overall haze. The inner haze was measured in the same manner as the total haze after adhering a triacetylcellulose film having haze of almost zero to the surface of the light-scattering layer of the measurement sample after measuring the total haze with glycerin.

(Transmission sharpness)

The transparency clearance of the antiglare film was measured by a method based on JIS K 7105 using a mattimeter "ICM-1DP" manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. Also in this case, in order to prevent warpage of the sample, an optically transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive was used and the surface opposite to the antiglare layer of the measurement sample was bonded to the glass substrate and then provided for measurement. In this state, light was incident from the glass substrate side and measurement was performed. Here, the measured values are the sum of measured values using five kinds of optical combs having widths of arm portions and nominal portions of 0.125 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm, respectively.

(Reflection sharpness measured at an incident angle of light of 45 degrees)

The reflectance sharpness of the antiglare film was measured by a method conforming to JIS K 7105, using a mismatch measuring machine "ICM-1DP" manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. Also in this case, in order to prevent warping of the sample, an optically transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive was used and the surface opposite to the antiglare layer of the measurement sample was bonded to the black acrylic substrate and then provided for measurement. In this state, light was incident at an angle of 45 DEG from the side of the antiglare layer side, and measurement was performed. Here, the measured values are the sum of the measured values using four types of optical combs having the widths of the arm portion and the light portion of 0.25 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm, respectively.

(Reflection sharpness measured at an incident angle of light of 60 degrees)

The reflectance sharpness of the antiglare film was measured by a method conforming to JIS K 7105, using a mismatch measuring machine "ICM-1DP" manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. Also in this case, in order to prevent warping of the sample, an optically transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive was used and the surface opposite to the antiglare layer of the measurement sample was bonded to the black acrylic substrate and then provided for measurement. In this state, light was incident at 60 ° from the side of the antiglare layer side, and measurement was performed. Here, the measured values are the sum of the measured values using four types of optical combs having the widths of the arm portion and the light portion of 0.25 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm, respectively.

[3] Evaluation of anti-glare performance of antiglare film

(Non-visual inspection, evaluation of visual confirmation of visual acuity)

In order to prevent reflection from the back surface of the antiglare film, the antiglare film was bonded to the black acrylic resin plate on the side opposite to the antiglare layer of the measurement sample, and visually observed from the side of the antiglare layer in a bright room with a fluorescent lamp, The degree of non-visualizing and the degree of visualizing were visually confirmed and evaluated. With respect to the non-penetration, the degree of non-contact when the antiglare film was observed from the front side and the degree of non-contact when observed from the inclined angle of 30 degrees were respectively evaluated. The reflectance and fade were evaluated in three steps of 1 to 3, respectively, according to the following criteria.

Non-contact 1: No contact is observed.

     2: A small amount of non-visible light is observed.

     3: Visible light is clearly observed.

Hope 1: No desire is observed.

     2: A slight desire is observed.

     3: The desire is clearly observed.

(Evaluation of flashing)

The glare was evaluated in the following order. That is, first, a photomask having a pattern of a unit cell as shown in a plan view in FIG. 12 was prepared. In this figure, a unit cell 100 has a transparent substrate, a claw-shaped chromium shielding pattern 101 having a line width of 10 mu m, and a portion where the chromium shielding pattern 101 is not formed is formed in an opening 102). Here, the dimensions of the unit cells were 211 占 퐉 占 70 占 퐉 (lengthwise and widthwise of the drawing), and thus the dimensions of the openings were 201 占 퐉 占 60 占 퐉 (length × width of the drawing). A plurality of unit cells as shown are arranged vertically and horizontally to form a photomask.

13, the chromium shielding pattern 111 of the photomask 113 is placed on the light box 115, and the antiglare film 110 is adhered to the glass plate 117 as an adhesive agent. Then, as shown in the schematic cross- A sample bonded to the surface of the antiglare layer is placed on the photomask 113. In the light box 115, a light source 116 is disposed. In this state, the sample was visually observed at a position (119), which was about 30 cm away from the sample, and the degree of glare was evaluated in seven stages. Level 1 corresponds to a state in which glare is not observed at all, level 7 corresponds to a state in which a glaring glare is observed, and level 4 shows a state in which a slight glare is observed.

(Evaluation of contrast)

The polarizing plates on both sides of the front and back sides were peeled off from a commercially available liquid crystal television ("KDL-32EX550" manufactured by Sony Corporation). In place of these original polarizing plates, a polarizing plate &quot; Sumikaran SRDB831E &quot; manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. was bonded to both the back side and the display surface side through an adhesive so that the absorption axes thereof coincided with the absorption axis of the original polarizing plate, On the polarizing plate, the antiglare films shown in each of the following examples were bonded through a pressure-sensitive adhesive so that the uneven surface became the surface. The thus obtained liquid crystal television was activated in the dark room and the luminance in the black display state and the white display state was measured using the luminance meter &quot; BM5A &quot; type manufactured by TOPCON CORPORATION, and the contrast was calculated. Here, the contrast is expressed by the ratio of the luminance in the white display state to the luminance in the black display state. The results are shown in the ratio of the contrast measured when the antiglare film was bonded to the contrast measured when the antiglare film was not bonded.

[4] Evaluation of patterns for producing antiglare film

The generated pattern data is regarded as two-gradation binary image data, and the gradation is expressed as a two-dimensional discrete function g (x, y). The horizontal resolutions? X and? Y of the discrete function g (x, y) are both 2 占 퐉. The obtained two-dimensional function g (x, y) is subjected to discrete Fourier transform to obtain a two-dimensional function G (f _x , f _y ). Dimensional function Γ (f _x , f _y ) of the two-dimensional power spectrum by squaring the absolute values of the two-dimensional functions G (f _x , f _y ) Dimensional function Γ (f).

&Lt; Example 1 >

(Production of mold for producing anti-glare film)

An aluminum roll having a diameter of 300 mm (A6063 by JIS) was coated with copper ballard. The copper ballard plating is composed of a copper plating layer / a thin silver plating layer / a surface copper plating layer, and the thickness of the entire plating layer is set to about 200 占 퐉. The copper-plated surface was mirror-polished, a polished copper-plated surface was coated with a photosensitive resin, and dried to form a photosensitive resin film. Subsequently, a pattern in which the pattern A shown in FIG. 14 was repeatedly arranged was exposed on the photosensitive resin film by a laser beam and was developed. Exposure by laser light and development were performed using Laser Stream FX (manufactured by Sink Laboratories, Inc.). As the photosensitive resin film, a film containing a positive photosensitive resin was used. Here, the pattern A is obtained by passing through a plurality of Gaussian function band-pass filters from a pattern having a random brightness distribution. The aperture ratio is 45%, and the intensity Γ () at a spatial frequency of 0.002 μm ^-1 (0.01) / Γ (0.002) of the intensity Γ (0.01) at the spatial frequency of 0.01 ㎛ ^-1 is 3.8 and the intensity Γ (0.002) at the spatial frequency of 0.002 ㎛ ^-1 and the spatial frequency of 0.02 ㎛ ^- ratio Γ of magnitude Γ (0.02) in the ^{1 (0.02) / Γ (0.002} ) is 0.5, and the intensity Γ (0.04) of the intensity of the spatial frequency 0.002 ㎛ ^-1 Γ (0.002), and spatial frequency 0.04 ㎛ ^-1 The ratio Γ (0.04) / Γ (0.002) is 7.5.

Thereafter, the first etching treatment was performed with a cupric chloride solution. The etching amount at that time was set to be 5 占 퐉. The photosensitive resin film was removed from the roll after the first etching treatment, and the second etching treatment was again performed with the cupric chloride solution. The etching amount at that time was set to be 10 占 퐉. Thereafter, chromium plating processing was performed. At this time, the chromium plating thickness was set to be 6 占 퐉. The chrome-plated roll was subjected to lapping and polishing under the following conditions to produce a mold A.

Abrasives: Micropolicy (alumina abrasive with a particle size of 0.05 mu m) (manufactured by Musashino Electronics Co., Ltd.)

Abrasive cloth: Claus (red) (manufactured by Musashino Electronics Co., Ltd.)

Roll rotation speed: 60 rpm

Compression pressure: 1.1 kPa

(Fabrication of antiglare film)

An ultraviolet-curable resin composition A was prepared in which the following components were dissolved in ethyl acetate at a solid concentration of 60% and a film showing a refractive index of 1.53 after curing was formed.

Pentaerythritol triacrylate 60 parts

Polyfunctional urethane acrylate 40 parts

(The reaction product of hexamethylene diisocyanate and pentaerythritol triacrylate)

Diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethoxybenzoyl) phosphine oxide 5 parts

This ultraviolet ray curable resin composition A was applied on a triacetylcellulose (TAC) film having a thickness of 60 占 퐉 so that the thickness of the coated layer after drying became 5 占 퐉 and dried in a drier set at 60 占 폚 for 3 minutes. The dried film was pressed against the molding surface (surface having the surface irregularities) of the previously obtained mold A by means of a rubber roll so that the coated layer after drying became the mold side. By irradiation so that the optical line h in terms of the amount of light ² to 200 mJ / cm from a high pressure mercury lamp, the intensity 20 mW / cm ² from the TAC film side in this state, by curing the coating layer was produced in the anti-glare film. Thereafter, the resulting antiglare film was peeled off from the mold to produce a transparent antiglare film A having an antiglare layer on the TAC film.

&Lt; Example 2 >

A mold B was prepared in the same manner as in the production of the mold A of Example 1 except that the amount of etching in the second etching step was set to be 9 占 퐉 and the same mold as in Example 1 To prepare an antiglare film. This antiglare film is referred to as antiglare film B.

&Lt; Example 3 >

A mold C was produced in the same manner as in the production of the mold A of Example 1 except that the etching amount in the second etching step was set to be 11 탆 and the same mold as in Example 1 To prepare an antiglare film. This antiglare film is used as the antiglare film C.

<Example 4>

A mold D was produced in the same manner as in the production of the mold A of Example 1 except that the pattern in which the pattern B repeatedly shown in Fig. 15 was repeatedly exposed by the laser beam on the photosensitive resin film. An antiglare film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. This antiglare film is referred to as an antiglare film D. Here, the pattern B is obtained by passing through a plurality of Gaussian function type band-pass filters from a pattern having a random brightness distribution. The pattern B has an aperture ratio of 45% and an intensity Γ at a spatial frequency of 0.002 탆 ^-1 of the one- (0.01) / Γ (0.002) of intensity Γ (0.01) at the spatial frequency of 0.01 ㎛ ^-1 is 2.7 and the intensity Γ (0.002) at the spatial frequency of 0.002 ㎛ ^-1 and the spatial frequency of 0.02 ㎛ ^- ratio Γ of magnitude Γ (0.02) in the ^{1 (0.02) / Γ (0.002} ) is 0.5, and the intensity Γ (0.04) of the intensity of the spatial frequency 0.002 ㎛ ^-1 Γ (0.002), and spatial frequency 0.04 ㎛ ^-1 The ratio Γ (0.04) / Γ (0.002) is 3.7.

&Lt; Example 5 >

A mold E was produced in the same manner as in the production of the mold A of Example 1 except that a pattern in which the pattern C repeatedly shown in Fig. 16 was repeatedly exposed on the photosensitive resin film by a laser beam was used to mold the mold A into a mold E An antiglare film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. This antiglare film is referred to as an antiglare film E. Here, the pattern C is written from the pattern as having a random distribution of the brightness, is passed through a plurality of Gaussian functional of the band-pass filter, and the aperture ratio is 45%, the strength of the one-dimensional spatial frequency power spectrum of 0.002 ㎛ ^-1 Γ ( (0.01) / Γ (0.002) of the intensity Γ (0.01) at the spatial frequency of 0.01 ㎛ ^-1 is 3.5 and the intensity Γ (0.002) at the spatial frequency of 0.002 ㎛ ^-1 and the spatial frequency of 0.02 ㎛ ^- ratio Γ of magnitude Γ (0.02) in the ^{1 (0.02) / Γ (0.002} ) is 0.42, and the strength Γ (0.04) of the intensity Γ (0.002) and the spatial frequency in the spatial frequency of 0.04 ㎛ ^-1 0.002 ㎛ ^-1 The ratio Γ (0.04) / Γ (0.002) is 5.5.

&Lt; Comparative Example 1 &

A mold F was produced in the same manner as in the production of the mold A in Example 1 except that the amount of etching in the second etching step was set to be 8 탆 and the same mold as in Example 1 To prepare an antiglare film. This antiglare film is referred to as antiglare film F.

&Lt; Comparative Example 2 &

Except that an aluminum roll having a diameter of 200 mm (A6063 by JIS) was used, and a pattern in which the pattern D shown in Fig. 17 was repeatedly arranged was exposed on the photosensitive resin film by a laser beam. , An antiglare film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mold A was replaced with the mold G. [ This antiglare film is used as the antiglare film G. [ Here, the pattern D is obtained by passing through a plurality of Gaussian function type band-pass filters from a pattern having a random brightness distribution. The pattern D has an aperture ratio of 45.0% and an intensity Γ at a spatial frequency of 0.002 μm ^-1 of the one- 0.002), and spatial frequency 0.01 ㎛ ratio Γ (0.01) / Γ (0.002 ) of the intensity Γ (0.01) at ^-1 is 4.2, and the spatial frequency of 0.002 ㎛ strength Γ (0.002) of ^-1 and the spatial frequency 0.02 ㎛ ^- ratio Γ of magnitude Γ (0.02) in the ^{1 (0.02) / Γ (0.002} ) is 14, and the strength Γ (0.04) of the intensity Γ (0.002) and the spatial frequency in the spatial frequency of 0.04 ㎛ ^-1 0.002 ㎛ ^-1 The ratio Γ (0.04) / Γ (0.002) is 208.

&Lt; Comparative Example 3 &

The surface of an aluminum roll having a diameter of 300 mm (A5056 by JIS) was mirror-polished and the polished aluminum surface was treated with a zirconia bead TZ-SX-17 (Toso Co., Ltd. ) Was blasted with a blast pressure of 0.1 MPa (gauge pressure, the same applies hereinafter) and a bead usage amount of 8 g / cm ² (the amount of use per 1 cm ² of the surface area of the roll, hereinafter the same) . An electroless nickel plating process was performed on the obtained aluminum roll having the unevenness to prepare a mold H. At this time, the electroless nickel plating thickness was set to be 15 占 퐉. An antiglare film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mold A was replaced with the mold H. This antiglare film is referred to as an antiglare film H.

&Lt; Comparative Example 4 &

(A5056 according to JIS) having a diameter of 200 mm was coated with copper ballard. The copper ballard plating was made of a copper plating layer / a thin silver plating layer / a surface copper plating layer, and the thickness of the entire plating layer was about 200 占 퐉. TZ-SX-17 "(manufactured by TOSOH CORPORATION, average particle size: 20 μm (thickness)) was polished on the polished surface of the copper-plated surface using a blasting machine (manufactured by Fuji Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) ) Was blasted at a blast pressure of 0.05 MPa (gauge pressure, the same applies hereinafter) and a bead usage amount of 6 g / cm ² to form irregularities on the surface of the aluminum roll. The resulting copper-plated aluminum roll with irregularities was chrome-plated to produce a mold I. At this time, the chromium plating thickness was set to be 6 占 퐉. An antiglare film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mold A was replaced with the mold I. This antiglare film is used as the antiglare film I.

[Evaluation results]

Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the antiglare films obtained in the above Examples and Comparative Examples.

The antiglare films A to E (Examples 1 to 5) satisfying the requirements of the present invention had excellent antifogging properties at both oblique and frontal viewing angles in spite of the low haze, and the effect of suppressing fading and glare was sufficient. On the other hand, in the antiglare film F (Comparative Example 1), desire occurred. The antiglare film G (Comparative Example 2) had insufficient anti-glare properties when observed from warpage. The antiglare film H (Comparative Example 3) was easy to cause glare. The antiglare film I (Comparative Example 4) had insufficient flicker when observed from oblique lines.

The antiglare film of the present invention is useful for an image display apparatus such as a liquid crystal display.

6a, 6b, 6c, 6d: normal vector, 6: average normal vector,
40: mold base material,
41: a surface of a base material (plating layer) for a mold which has undergone a first plating process and a polishing process,
46: a first surface relief shape formed by the first etching treatment,
47: surface irregular surface shape reduced by the second etching treatment,
50: photosensitive resin film, 60: mask,
70: a surface of a surface irregular surface after chrome plating,
71: chrome plated layer,
80: feed roll, 81: transparent support, 83: coating zone,
86: active energy ray irradiating device, 87: roll-shaped mold,
88, 89: nip roll, 90: film winding device
103: lowest elevation, 104: highest elevation.

Claims (2)

An antiglare film comprising a transparent support and an antiglare layer having a fine surface relief shape formed thereon,
The total haze is 0.1% or more and 3% or less,
A surface haze of 0.1% or more and 2% or less,
Wherein an average value of the inclination angles of the surface irregularities is 0.2 to 1.2 degrees and a standard deviation of the inclination angles is 0.1 to 0.8 degrees,
The power spectrum of the complex amplitude obtained by the following power spectral calculation method satisfies the following conditions (1) to (3):
(1) The ratio of the intensity H (0.002) at the spatial frequency of 0.002 탆 ^-1 of the power spectrum and the ratio H (0.01) / H (0.002) of the intensity H (0.01) at the spatial frequency of 0.01 탆 ^-1 of the power spectrum is 0.02 Or more;
(2) The ratio of the intensity H (0.002) at the spatial frequency of 0.002 탆 ^-1 of the power spectrum and the ratio H (0.02) / H (0.002) of the intensity H (0.02) at the spatial frequency of 0.02 탆 ^-1 of the power spectrum is 0.005 Or more; And
(3) The ratio H (0.04) / H (0.002) of the intensity H (0.002) at the spatial frequency of 0.002 탆 ^-1 of the power spectrum to the intensity H (0.04) at the spatial frequency of 0.04 탆 ^-1 of the power spectrum is 0.0005 Or more.
Of the antiglare film.
&Lt; Power Spectrum Calculation Method >
(A) determining an average surface as a virtual plane from an average of elevations of the surface relief shapes;
(B) a minimum elevation surface including a point having the lowest elevation of the surface irregularity shape and being a virtual plane parallel to the average surface, and a point having the highest elevation of the surface irregularity shape, Determines the highest elevation plane that is a parallel hypothetical plane;
(C) a surface roughness of the surface irregularities with respect to a plane wave having a wavelength of 550 nm emitted from the highest elevation surface perpendicular to the lowest elevation surface perpendicular to the lowest elevation surface and a refractive index of the antiglare layer, And the power spectrum of the complex amplitude when the amplitude is calculated is obtained. The optical information recording medium according to claim 1, wherein a sum Tc of transmission sharpness measured using five types of optical combs having widths of the arm portion and the symbol portion of 0.125 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm is 375%
The sum Rc (45) of the reflection sharpness measured at the incident angle of 45 ° of light using four kinds of optical combs having widths of the arm portion and the list portion of 0.25 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm and 2.0 mm is 180%
Wherein the sum Rc (60) of the reflection sharpness measured at an incident angle of 60 ° of light using the four kinds of optical combs having the widths of the arm portion and the list portion of 0.25 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm and 2.0 mm is 240% or less. .

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