KR20150087503A - Cooling device by impinging jets in photovoltaic power generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a solar cell module cooling device. The solar cell module cooling device uses water impinging jets in a photovoltaic power generation device to cool and clean solar cell modules as well as removing the snow during winter. The solar cell module cooling device applies a control valve to respective nozzles to conduct a sequential control operation to enable the impinging jet cooling by a low-pressure pump and tap water while saving the water. The nozzles and the supports are installed on a frame supporting the modules and are configured to be positioned upright only when the water is supplied to prevent the shadow of the supports. The water spraying distance is shortened to increase the cooling efficiency, and the water pipes are configured to automatically discharge the water after a snow removing operation in winter to prevent the water pipes from being frozen.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a solar cell module cooling apparatus using an impinging jet of water,

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solar cell module cooling apparatus for cooling a solar cell module using water impinging jets in a solar power generation system, The nozzle and its support are installed on the frame supporting the module and are configured to stand up only when water is supplied, so that the nozzle and the support are supported by the support It uses the impinging jets of water with a structure to prevent the generation of shadows, shorten the distance of water spray to improve the cooling efficiency, and to prevent the freezing of the water supply pipe by constructing automatic drainage in the water supply pipe after performing the winter snow removal function. And a battery module cooling apparatus.

Since solar cells generate electricity by using the photon power phenomenon of light, the higher the solar radiation, the higher the power generation, but the cell temperature increases and the power generation efficiency decreases.

The amount of solar radiation reaching the solar cell under the same conditions is slightly influenced by the light transmittance of the surface member such as tempered glass and the color of the cell surface. However, the influence of the surface deposition of air pollutants such as leaves and dust, nitric acid, And recently, it is greatly affected by atmospheric influent materials such as sand dust. Also, winter snow cover directly affects uptime.

The temperature rise in the solar cell module is affected by the light energy of the wavelength band which is not used for the formation of radiant heat and photovoltaic power. If the module temperature rises above 70 ℃, the module surface material, Causing damage to the subject. In addition, due to the characteristics of a semiconductor cell, it is known that the power generation efficiency decreases to about 0.5% as the temperature increases by 1 ° C, and the efficiency decreases as the temperature rises.

As a result of this study, the introduction of the cooling system into the solar power generation is gradually increasing, and according to the results of the research, it is found that the cooling system in the photovoltaic power generation is more than 6% It is also known that the additional cost of the cooling system can be recovered to around 3 years.

Cooling system has various methods such as air-cooling, water-cooling, heat sink, etc. However, it is simple and economical to spray water on module surface. It is advantageous that normal development can be achieved even when it lives.

In addition, the cooling system using water can apply foreign matter removal function by cleaning the surface of the module, snow removal function by using hot water, and the control system connected with the power conditioning system (PCS) (Hereinafter referred to as a "cooling apparatus" used in the present invention as a concept of a device including cooling, cleaning, and snow removal functions) .

Cooling using water is a method of continuously flowing a small amount of water from the upper part of the module, a method of spraying the surface from the front surface of the module, a rail is installed on the side of the module frame, and water is supplied with cleaning by a rotating brush In recent years, a method of improving the cooling efficiency, applying the surface cleaning effect and applying the snow removing function with the hot water heating equipment has been proposed by the impinging jets of water (Korean 10-108,

The cooling apparatus using the impinging jets of water is used to cool the pressurized water to the nozzle

To generate a high-speed water stream and spray it on the surface of the module to apply high-speed heat flow on the surface while turbulent flow at the nozzle exit hits the wall to increase the cooling capacity.

The impinging jet of water is achieved by nozzle configuration and appropriate water pressure to increase the Reynolds number at the nozzle exit and is applicable to nozzles distributed in various models and can also be achieved by the pressure of tap water (3 kg / cm 2) It is possible to obtain a surface cleaning effect that does not leave droplets on the surface incidentally, and it is advantageous to perform a snow removal function effectively by using warm water.

In order to apply the cooling device using the impinging jet of water, a water source, a pressure pump, a water line, a nozzle, and a control device associated with a power conditioning system (PCS) are required.

There are the following problems in order to construct a cooling apparatus using a jet of water in a solar power generation apparatus.

First, in large-scale power generation plants requiring a large amount of water, the water utilization plan is reflected in the design stage of the power plant. Therefore, it is difficult to apply the power generation plant, It is difficult to supply and receive the necessary water because it relies on groundwater or tap water.

Second, installing a system that maintains and maintains an expensive pressurized pump required for the impingement jet is a factor that lowers the economical efficiency in small-scale power generation.

Third, the conventional cooling device using water impinging jet has a structure in which nozzle supports for installing nozzles are installed at regular intervals on the front surface of the module, and when the module is vertically installed at a height of 3 to 4 m or more, the height of the support is relatively increased The impact of the shadow formed by the bar and the support has an influence on the power generation amount and the distance between the nozzle and the surface of the module is distant so that the effect of cooling and cleaning by the impulsive jet can not be sufficiently exhibited.

The influence of shadows on some cells in solar power generation has a decisive influence on the efficiency of solar power generation. In other words, in order to obtain the necessary input voltage considering the efficiency of the inverter for AC 220V electric production, which can be connected to the grid, a method of increasing the output voltage by arranging the solar cell module in series is applied. The serial connection can increase the voltage, , The total output becomes "0" when the output of the corresponding cell or module becomes "0" due to shadows, contamination or breakage, and the voltage generated in the next step cell And a hot spot is generated by a reverse bias in which the current flows in the opposite direction. This causes shortening of the lifetime of the solar cell module. In recent years, the technique of eliminating the influence of a shadow cell or a module due to the application of a bypass diode and preventing blocking has been applied, but a reduction in output due to a shadow is inevitable.

Fourth, winter snowfall is a major obstacle to power generation. In the cooling method using water impinging jet, it is applied with hot water heating equipment, and hot water is sprayed, which enables the rapid snow removal. However, most solar power generation is operated as an unmanned management system The problem of freezing in the tube of snow water occurs.

The present invention relates to a cooling system for a solar cell module using impinging jets of water, which is capable of cooling an impinging jet by a minimum amount of water and a low-pressure pump or tap water, minimizing the shadow effect by the nozzle and its support, It is possible to apply effectively even in the case of the type of facility and it aims to shorten the spraying distance and increase the cooling effect by the impact jet of water.

In addition, the present invention can prevent a water pipe from being wasted by automatic drainage in a water supply pipe after a winter snow-removing function, and can recover and recycle used water, thereby making it possible to construct an economical solar power generation system, And a battery module cooling apparatus.

A water supply pipe connected to supply the pressurized water pressurized by the pressurizing unit to the nozzle; a water supply pipe connected to the water supply pipe; And a water supply control device for controlling the pressurizing means and the nozzles in cooperation with a power conditioning system (PCS) to collide the water sprayed through the nozzles with the surface of the solar cell module to cool and clean the water, The nozzle and its support are mounted on a frame for supporting the solar cell module, and the support is returned to the original state when the supply pipe is opened and the supply of pressurized water is stopped when the supply of pressurized water is stopped, And a standing-up device that can be operated by the user.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that an electronic control valve is provided for opening and closing a branch line of a water pipe in units of nozzles belonging to a support, and the water supply control device is configured to include sequential control means for sequentially opening and closing each electronic control valve, And sequentially cooling the solar cell module or array unit.

The present invention also relates to a water heating apparatus provided on a water supply line and selectively controlled by a water supply control device, and a U-shaped pipe provided on a water supply pipe such that a lower portion thereof is below a ground level (GL) And a drain valve installed to be controlled to be opened and closed by the drain valve.

The present invention also provides a water supply system comprising: a water supply tank for firstly storing water supplied from a water supply source; a water supply pump for supplying water supplied from the water supply tank to the water supply pipe; A gutter installed to recover the water sprinkled on the frame frame supporting the solar cell module, a return duct connecting the gutter and the recovery tank, and a recovery duct connecting the recovery tank and the water tank And a water collecting device which is installed in the channel and is controlled by the water control device.

The support stand-up device proposed by the present invention stands up in a state where water is supplied, restores to its original state when water supply is stopped, minimizes the occurrence of shade, and is installed on the frame to shorten the distance to the surface of the nozzle and the module So that the cooling effect by the impinging jet is improved, and even when the tracking system is applied, the present invention can be applied without limitation, and the convenience of being maintained in a non-protruding shape at a normal time is provided.

In addition, since the cooling water is used in units of modules installed on a single frame, the present invention can be applied as a water supply source directly without applying a low-pressure pump or a pump, thereby reducing facility maintenance cost, Can be easily applied.

In addition, the present invention can use the snow removal function without winter wave by the drain valve that is controlled automatically, and the water consumption amount can be reduced by recycling after recovering by the water recovery device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the support stand-
Fig. 3 is an operational state diagram of the support stand-
Fig. 4 shows an embodiment in which a snow remover and a water recovery device are applied
Fig. 5 is a state in which the water recovery device

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 to 3 illustrate a basic structure of the present invention. The present invention includes a water supply source 10, water pushing means 20, a nozzle 40 installed toward the solar cell module 30, And a water supply line 60 connected to supply the pressurized water pressurized by the pressurizing means to the nozzle and a pressurizing means connected to the power conditioning system 70, Which is configured to collide water sprayed through nozzles with the surface of the solar cell module and to cool and clean the water, is applied to a solar cell module cooling apparatus using water impinging jet, 40 and the supporting table 50 are provided on the frame 31 supporting the solar cell module 30. The supporting table 50 stands up when the water supply line 60 is opened and the pressurized water is supplied, (51) that returns to the original state Characterized in that configured.

In the solar cell module cooling apparatus using the impinging jet of water according to the present invention, the water supply source (10) is a water source for supplying water necessary for module cooling, and includes natural river water, reservoir, ground water, And the like.

The pressurizing means 20 can apply a pressure of 2.0 kg / cm 2 or more based on a unit nozzle as a means for applying a pressure necessary to induce the impinging jet of water. The pressurizing water can be supplied through the water supply line 60, It is possible to obtain an impinging jet necessary for cooling the module by being jetted through the nozzle 40 provided on the front surface of the battery module. As will be described later, since the present invention is a structure in which water is sequentially injected in units of nozzles, the tap water pre-pressurized by the pressurizing means can be applied without additional pressurizing means so as to maintain the pressure between 3.0 kg / cm 2 and 5.0 kg / cm 2.

The nozzle 40 is coupled in an assembled structure with respect to the support by jet turbulence at the outlet by an injection port to which a Reynolds number is applied so as to form a turbulent flow and a joint is provided and connected at the branch line 61 of the water line 60 Or water supplied through a nylon or polyethylene tube.

The water supply control device 80 measures and analyzes the output conditions such as the solar radiation amount, the atmosphere and the module temperature, the humidity, the wind speed, the module or the array collected in the power conditioning system 70 (PCS) Various configurations are possible as apparatuses configured to control operations such as cooling, cleaning, and snow removal in accordance with a variety of types of packages.

In the solar cell module cooling apparatus using the conventional impingement jet of water, the nozzle 40 and its support 50 are installed in the frame 31 supporting the solar cell module 30, and the standing device 51, The support base 50 stands up and water is sprayed through the nozzle only when water is supplied by the nozzle.

The supporting base 50 and its standing device 51 according to the above-described configuration are provided with a fork-shaped bracket 511 having a bearing at one point of the frame 31 supporting the solar cell module, And a supporting point 50 is supported by the supporting shaft 50 and a supporting point is linked at one point of the supporting shaft so as to perform an angular movement about the shaft 512 by an external power 513 which operates at the time of water supply .

The external power may be composed of a mechanical element coupled to the stepping motor controlled by the water supply control device 80, and the cylinder operated by the water pressure may be configured as a power source.

The embodiment shown in Figs. 2 and 3 has a structure in which a cylinder operated by water pressure is an external power source 513, in which the cylinder 513a is provided with water pressure through a branch line 61 from a water pipe And a piston 513c coupled to the other side to receive the spring force of the spring 513b. A link 514 is formed under the support base 50, The piston 513c is connected to the support link 514 through the through hole 515 to form a link section and the link 513d is formed at the lower end of the cylinder 513a to form the link 513, And a bracket 515 which is fixed to the bracket 515. [

With the above structure, when the water pipe 60 and the branch line 61 are opened and water is supplied into the cylinder 513a, the piston 513c advances while compressing the spring 513b by the hydraulic pressure, And the cylinder 513a, the cylinder 513a, and the bracket 515 are operated, and the support base rotates about the shaft 512 and stands up.

While the water pressure is applied, the state is maintained, and at the same time, the water pressure is applied to the nozzle to spray the water to perform cooling, cleaning or snow removal functions of the module.

When the water supply control device 80 intervenes and closes the water supply line 60 or the branch line 61, the water supply is stopped and the water pressure is removed, so that the restoring force of the compressed spring 513b acts on the link section, And returned to the original state.

The standing device operated by the water pressure according to the structure has an advantage that it can be operated stably compared to the stand-up device constructed by an electric system, mechanically operated in conjunction with the water supply, and economically configured.

The present invention is characterized in that the electronic control valve 81 for opening and closing the branch line 61 of the water supply line 60 is provided in units of the nozzles 40 belonging to the support base 50 And a sequential control means 82 for sequentially controlling the opening and closing of the respective electronic control valves 81 to the water supply control device so that the sequential water injection through the nozzles 40, So that cooling is performed.

The sequential control means 82 is an apparatus for controlling the turn-on and turn-off of the electronic control valve 81 through a drive circuit and generating an operation signal and a stop signal according to the set time in the programmed order, And is configured to operate in conjunction with the program of FIG.

The electronic control valve 81 opened by the sequential control means 82 is designated and the water is supplied through the nozzle for a predetermined period of time. When the predetermined time period has elapsed, the electronic control valve 81 at the next position is operated A continuous repetitive operation is performed.

When the tap water is used as a water supply source, the nozzle controlled by the single electronic control valve 81 may be composed of one or two nozzles. If a separate pump is used as a pressurizing means, Preferably, the solar cell modules are connected in series, and the water supply is performed simultaneously with the minimum number of units.

By limiting the nozzles that are opened by the single electronic control valve 81 in units of series connected arrays, cooling of the modules connected in series at the same time is prevented so that the output deviation due to temperature unbalance in the module or cell unit is prevented from increasing . In other words, the output difference (the difference in the power generation efficiency caused by the temperature difference due to sequential cooling) generated between the respective arrays due to the temperature difference in the parallel connection of the solar cell modules is corrected by the DC / DC converter associated with the PCS, Power point tracking (MPPT) control is possible, but if there is a difference in output due to the temperature difference in the array consisting of modules in series, the output will be at the minimum value and power generation loss will occur.

The water supply system illustrated in FIG. 1 is a system in which twelve 250-watt solar cell modules are connected in series and four 3-kw output arrays arranged in a single frame are connected in parallel to each other. Fig.

The structure has a structure in which two nozzles are connected to one electronic control valve in anticipation of cooling water pressurized by tap water or a low pressure pump. The water pipe 60 is provided with four branches (61), and electronic control valves (81) are provided at each branch line and connected to the water supply control device (80).

In the frame vertical frame of each array, two supports and nozzles attached thereto are installed, and each nozzle is connected to the branch line.

If the cooling unit is operated when the module temperature is 25 ° C or more according to the setting conditions and the turn-on time of the electronic control valve 81 is set to 1 minute, the turn-on and turn- Cooling is performed, and the cooling operation is repeated until the module temperature becomes 25 ° C or less.

By this operation, it is possible to drive the cooling device by the impinging jet by a small amount of water supply source including general tap water, and the module connected in series is cooled at the same time, Do not. Even in the case of a parallel-connected array, the variation of the output characteristic due to the temperature difference is not so large because the cooling parallax is short, and even when the cooling time difference is increased by increasing the operation time per nozzle, the output difference due to the temperature difference can be compensated by the PCS Therefore, the efficiency reduction by sequential cooling is not high compared with simultaneous cooling using large-scale cooling facilities.

In the above-described embodiment, the turn-on time of the electronic control valve 81 can be adjusted according to the installation condition of the system, and the number of simultaneously driven nozzles can be changed when the water pressure is sufficient.

Such a water supply control device 80 has an advantage of being able to construct a cooling system by a minimum facility and is also economically applicable to most building installation type power generation facilities where the water supply source is limited to tap water, There is little difference in contrast performance.

The present invention can include the snow removing apparatus (90) in the above configuration.

The snow removal apparatus 90 is provided with a hot water heating device 91 installed on the water supply line and a U-shaped pipe 92 provided on the water supply pipe so that the lower part is below the ground level GL, And a drain valve 93 installed so as to be controlled to be opened and closed by a control valve.

The structure detects snowfall by a sensor belonging to the PCS 70 and activates the hot water heating device 91 when it meets weather conditions that can be generated according to information such as temperature, When the set temperature is reached, the electronic control valve is sequentially opened for a predetermined period of time to perform a snow removal operation by spraying hot water, and various types of programs for repeating the snow removal function until the completion of snow removal is determined by comparing the solar irradiation amount and the output amount After the completion of the snow removal, the electronic control valve 81 and the drain valve 93 are opened simultaneously to release the water in the water supply line, thereby preventing icing and freezing, (90) can always be kept in an operable state.

When the electronic control valve 81 and the drain valve 95 are simultaneously opened by the U-shaped pipe 92 and the drain valve 93 provided so as to be equal to or lower than the ground level GL on the water supply line, Is discharged continuously without gravity, so that it is always in a state of being movable without danger of freezing.

In the present invention, the water recovery apparatus 100 may be applied to the above configuration.

The water recovery apparatus 100 includes a water supply tank 101 for firstly storing water supplied from the water supply source 10 and a water supply pump 102 for supplying water supplied from the water supply tank to the water supply pipe 60 A recovery tank 103 provided below the ground level GL in parallel with the water supply tank, a gutter 104 installed to recover water sprinkled on the frame supporting the solar cell module, A return pipe 105 for connecting the gutters and the recovery tank, and a recovery pump 106 installed on the pipeline connecting the recovery tank and the water tank and controlled by the water supply control device 80.

4 and 5 illustrate an embodiment of a water recovery apparatus in which the gutter 104 is used to collect and recover water sprayed onto the surface of the module and includes an attachment surface 104a for attachment to the outer rim of the module support frame 31, And a water collecting part 104b which is continuous in the form of a spatula on the mounting surface. When attached to the rim of the module supporting frame 31, the end of the water collecting part is attached in a form in which the end part of the water collecting part bends in a spatulate form and protrudes slightly.

The end portion of the water collecting portion 104b protruding in the form of a spatula is an advantageous structure for collecting water fragments sprayed at a high pressure. Water collected in all directions is gathered in the frame lower gutter, Collected in the recovery tank 103.

In the process of being collected by the recovery tank 103, impurities can be filtered using a separate filtration device 107. The water in the recovery tank is in a state where the temperature is raised by heat exchange with the solar cell module, And is returned to the water supply tank 101 by the recovery pump 106 while being sufficiently cooled at night.

According to the present invention, it is possible to minimize the occurrence of shade by the support stand-up device, to increase the cooling effect by the impinging jet by the near-water spray, and to have the advantage that it can be applied to the fixed type and the tracking structure without limitation.

In addition, since cooling water is used in units of modules installed on a single frame, the present invention can be applied as a water supply source directly without applying a low-pressure pump or a pump, thereby reducing facility maintenance costs, It can be easily applied to the facility, and the snow removal function can be used without winter wave by the automatically controlled drain valve, and water consumption can be reduced by recycling after recovering by the water recovery device.

10: Water source
20:
30: solar cell module 31: frame
40: Nozzles
50: support base 51: stand-up device 511: bracket 512: shaft
513: External power source 513a: Cylinder 513b: Spring
513c: Piston 513d: Link
514: Link 515: Through hole
60: Water line 61: Branch line
70: Power regulation system
80: water supply control device 81: electronic control valve 82: sequential control means
90: snow removal device 91: hot water heating device
92: U tube 93: Drain valve
100: Water recovery device 101: Feed tank 102 Feed pump
103: Recovery tank 104: Gutter 104a: Mounting surface
104b: water collecting unit 105: return pipe 106:

Claims (4)

A water supply source 10, water pushing means 20, a nozzle 40 mounted on the solar cell module 30 and its support 50, and pressurized water pressurized by the pressurizing means are supplied to the nozzle And a water supply control device 80 for controlling the pressurizing means and the nozzles in conjunction with a power conditioning system 70. The water sprayed through the nozzles is supplied to a solar cell A cooling system for a solar cell module using water impinging jets configured to cool and clean by collision with a surface of a module includes a nozzle (40) and a support frame (50) for supporting the solar cell module (30) , And the supporting table (50) is structured to have a standing device (51) that is raised when the water supply pipe (60) is opened and the pressurized water is supplied and returned to the original state when the pressurized water supply is stopped Solar module cooling system using .
The method according to claim 1,
The standing device 51 is provided with a fork-shaped bracket 511 having a bearing at one point of the frame 31 for supporting the solar cell module and supports the support base 50 by a shaft 512 coupled to the bearing, And the support shaft is angularly moved around the shaft 512 by an external power 513 that operates at the time of water supply with one point of the support rod as a link section. The external power 513 is transmitted from the one side to the water supply pipe And a piston 513c coupled to the other side to receive the elastic force of the spring 513b. The link 514 is formed below the support base 50, A through hole 515 is formed in the support frame 31 of the battery module so that the piston 513c is connected to the supporter link 514 through the through hole 515 to form a link section, A bracket 515 fixed to the bottom of the frame 31, Wherein the solar cell module cooling apparatus uses the impinging jet of water.
The method according to claim 1,
The water supply control device 80 is provided with an electronic control valve 81 for opening and closing the branch line 61 of the water supply line 60 in units of the nozzles 40 belonging to the support base 50, And sequential control means 82 for sequentially controlling the opening and closing of the electronic control valve 81 so as to cool the sequential water jetting through the nozzle 40 installed in the solar cell module or array unit (EN) Solar cell module cooling device using impinging jet of water.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A hot water heating device 91 installed on the water supply line, and a U-shaped pipe 92 provided on the water supply pipe so that the lower part is below the ground level GL, A drainage device (90) composed of a drain valve (93); A water supply tank 102 for firstly reserving water supplied from the water supply source 10, a water supply pump 102 for supplying water supplied from the water supply tank to the water supply pipe 60, A gutter 104 installed to recover the water sprinkled on the frame frame supporting the solar cell module, a gutter (not shown) for connecting the gutter and the recovery tank And a water recovery device (100) comprising a recovery pipe (105), and a recovery pump (106) provided on a pipeline connecting the recovery tank and the water supply tank and controlled by a water supply control device (80) A solar cell module cooling device using water impinging jet.

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