KR20130066613A - N-type diffusion layer forming composition, method of producing n-type diffusion layer, and method of producing solar cell element - Google Patents
N-type diffusion layer forming composition, method of producing n-type diffusion layer, and method of producing solar cell element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20130066613A KR20130066613A KR1020127030146A KR20127030146A KR20130066613A KR 20130066613 A KR20130066613 A KR 20130066613A KR 1020127030146 A KR1020127030146 A KR 1020127030146A KR 20127030146 A KR20127030146 A KR 20127030146A KR 20130066613 A KR20130066613 A KR 20130066613A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- diffused layer
- type diffused
- type
- formation composition
- layer formation
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 title claims description 249
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 63
- 239000011254 layer-forming composition Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 31
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- -1 polyvinylamides Polymers 0.000 description 9
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010574 gas phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052795 boron group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VXQBJTKSVGFQOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOC(C)=O VXQBJTKSVGFQOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethyl acetate Chemical compound COCCOC(C)=O XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-IUCAKERBSA-N (-)-α-pinene Chemical compound CC1=CC[C@@H]2C(C)(C)[C@H]1C2 GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZVBBTZJMSWGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]butane Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOCCCC KZVBBTZJMSWGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UOWSVNMPHMJCBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-butoxypropoxy)propoxy]butane Chemical compound CCCCOCC(C)OCC(C)OCCCC UOWSVNMPHMJCBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCC RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OJVAMHKKJGICOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-hexanedione Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC(C)=O OJVAMHKKJGICOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound COCCOCCO SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxohexane Chemical compound CCCCC(C)=O QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FEBUJFMRSBAMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-{[3,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-phosphanyloxan-4-yl]oxy}-3,5-dihydroxy-6-({[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-4-yl)oxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl phosphinite Chemical class OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(OC2C(C(OP)C(O)C(CO)O2)O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(CO)OC(P)C2O)O)O1 FEBUJFMRSBAMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QPRQEDXDYOZYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-1-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)CO QPRQEDXDYOZYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SYBYTAAJFKOIEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methylbutan-2-one Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)=O SYBYTAAJFKOIEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCFAJYNVAYBARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-heptanone Chemical compound CCCC(=O)CCC HCFAJYNVAYBARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000007835 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCC1 BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940019778 diethylene glycol diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCCOCCO XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940075557 diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)=O CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GJRQTCIYDGXPES-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyl acetate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(C)=O GJRQTCIYDGXPES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl acetate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)=O JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCO ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GJQIMXVRFNLMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCOC(C)=O GJQIMXVRFNLMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- XNLICIUVMPYHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-one Chemical compound CCCC(C)=O XNLICIUVMPYHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)CC FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(C)=O PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pt] PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl acetate Chemical compound CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940116411 terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000196 tragacanth Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YHQGMYUVUMAZJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-terpinene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)CC1 YHQGMYUVUMAZJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTARULDDTDQWMU-RKDXNWHRSA-N (+)-β-pinene Chemical compound C1[C@H]2C(C)(C)[C@@H]1CCC2=C WTARULDDTDQWMU-RKDXNWHRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTARULDDTDQWMU-IUCAKERBSA-N (-)-Nopinene Natural products C1[C@@H]2C(C)(C)[C@H]1CCC2=C WTARULDDTDQWMU-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-SECBINFHSA-N (S)-(-)-alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CC[C@@H](C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPBZZPOGZPKYKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxypropane Chemical compound CCOCC(C)OCC VPBZZPOGZPKYKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEEANUDEDHYDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethoxypropane Chemical compound COCC(C)OC LEEANUDEDHYDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVMMVWNXKOSPRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dipropoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOCC(C)OCCC PVMMVWNXKOSPRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940058015 1,3-butylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LAVARTIQQDZFNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-methoxypropan-2-yloxy)propan-2-yl acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OCC(C)OC(C)=O LAVARTIQQDZFNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDXHBFHOEYVPED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-butoxyethoxy)butane Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCCC GDXHBFHOEYVPED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMGJMGFZLXYHCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-butoxypropoxy)butane Chemical compound CCCCOCC(C)OCCCC QMGJMGFZLXYHCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWOZZTWBWQMEPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-ethoxypropoxy)propan-2-ol Chemical compound CCOC(C)COCC(C)O QWOZZTWBWQMEPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFPGARUNNKGOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone Chemical compound CCN1CCCC1=O ZFPGARUNNKGOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRRDISHSXWGFRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-2-methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOC JRRDISHSXWGFRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBRRDORCFVPYMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]propane Chemical compound CCCOCCOCCOC MBRRDORCFVPYMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOGFHOWTVGAYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-propoxyethoxy)ethoxy]propane Chemical compound CCCOCCOCCOCCC BOGFHOWTVGAYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTSVVTQTKRGWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]butane Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOCCOCCCC KTSVVTQTKRGWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHRSSDYDJRJIMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-[2-(2-butoxypropoxy)propoxy]propoxy]butane Chemical compound CCCCOCC(C)OCC(C)OCC(C)OCCCC OHRSSDYDJRJIMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNAQINZKMQFYFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]butane Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOCCOC SNAQINZKMQFYFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WECDVJWNQLMVAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]hexane Chemical compound CCCCCCOCCOCCOCCOC WECDVJWNQLMVAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVMKCHOJVQIXQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-[2-[2-(2-butoxypropoxy)propoxy]propoxy]propoxy]butane Chemical compound CCCCOCC(C)OCC(C)OCC(C)OCC(C)OCCCC JVMKCHOJVQIXQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNXZHVUCNYMNOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CCCCN1CCCC1=O BNXZHVUCNYMNOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIKLJUUTSQYGQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxypropoxy)propane Chemical compound CCOCC(C)OCC(C)OCC ZIKLJUUTSQYGQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNJRPYFBORAQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOC CNJRPYFBORAQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXFITNNCZLPZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propane Chemical compound CCOCC(C)OCC(C)OC JXFITNNCZLPZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIAMPLQEZAMORJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOCC KIAMPLQEZAMORJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORRRIJVZQZKAKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-[2-(2-ethoxypropoxy)propoxy]propane Chemical compound CCOCC(C)OCC(C)OCC(C)OCC ORRRIJVZQZKAKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFXVPXODAPMPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-[2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propoxy]propane Chemical compound CCOCC(C)OCC(C)OCC(C)OC SFXVPXODAPMPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXAFMVDJGZBDEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-[2-[2-(2-ethoxypropoxy)propoxy]propoxy]propane Chemical compound CCOCC(C)OCC(C)OCC(C)OCC(C)OCC FXAFMVDJGZBDEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIPRQQHINVWJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypropan-2-yl acetate Chemical compound CCOCC(C)OC(C)=O LIPRQQHINVWJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAWUFGWWCWMUNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCCN1CCCC1=O BAWUFGWWCWMUNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RERATEUBWLKDFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxy-2-[2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propoxy]propane Chemical compound COCC(C)OCC(C)OCC(C)OC RERATEUBWLKDFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROSYHLFNMZTEKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxy-2-[2-[2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propoxy]propoxy]propane Chemical compound COCC(C)OCC(C)OCC(C)OCC(C)OC ROSYHLFNMZTEKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOERQAIRIDZWHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propoxy-2-(2-propoxypropoxy)propane Chemical compound CCCOCC(C)OCC(C)OCCC JOERQAIRIDZWHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMFAHCVITRDZQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propoxypropan-2-yl acetate Chemical compound CCCOCC(C)OC(C)=O DMFAHCVITRDZQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCALJVULAGICIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CCCN1CCCC1=O DCALJVULAGICIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKQVUWHSUOGDEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butan-2-yloxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCC(C)OCCOCCO KKQVUWHSUOGDEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPZWZCWUIYYYBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOC(C)=O FPZWZCWUIYYYBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTVLEKBQSDTQGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-ethoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCOC(C)COC(C)CO MTVLEKBQSDTQGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKCGJBFTCUCBAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-ethoxypropoxy)propyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)COC(C)COC(C)=O CKCGJBFTCUCBAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHGDAJBKEFQCBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-heptan-2-yloxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)OCCOCCO GHGDAJBKEFQCBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCGHAVKVTFDDJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-heptan-2-yloxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(CCCCC)OC(C)COC(C)CO CCGHAVKVTFDDJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZMAAYIALGURDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hexoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCOCCOCCO GZMAAYIALGURDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUDYYMUUJHLCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound COC(C)COC(C)CO CUDYYMUUJHLCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQLKZWRSOHTERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylbutyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(CC)COC(C)=O HQLKZWRSOHTERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTTPXKJBFFKCEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-4-heptanone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(=O)CC(C)C PTTPXKJBFFKCEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQKZRWSUJHVIPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Pentanol acetate Chemical compound CCCC(C)OC(C)=O GQKZRWSUJHVIPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFSMVVDJSNMRAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCO WFSMVVDJSNMRAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNPUIIGTWSZCHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-heptan-2-yloxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(CCCCC)OC(C)COC(C)COC(C)CO NNPUIIGTWSZCHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)COC(C)CO LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SDHQGBWMLCBNSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl acetate Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC(C)=O SDHQGBWMLCBNSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAEVWDZKMBQDEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound COC(C)COC(C)COC(C)CO WAEVWDZKMBQDEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHOOWURXQGAXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-propan-2-yloxyethoxy)ethoxy]propane Chemical compound CC(C)OCCOCCOC(C)C JHOOWURXQGAXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXVMODFDROLTFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO MXVMODFDROLTFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHHZIUZGAHMEJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-heptan-2-yloxypropoxy)propoxy]propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(CCCCC)OC(C)COC(C)COC(C)COC(C)CO SHHZIUZGAHMEJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPKNIKSLAPWTRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-pentan-2-yloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCC(C)OCCOCCOCCOCCO JPKNIKSLAPWTRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSDVPOIMGHIBHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-pentan-2-yloxypropoxy)propoxy]propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(CCC)OC(C)COC(C)COC(C)COC(C)CO HSDVPOIMGHIBHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVONRAPFKPVNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOCCOC(C)=O SVONRAPFKPVNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYVKCQBOHJQWIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethyl propanoate Chemical compound CCOCCOC(=O)CC BYVKCQBOHJQWIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZYRSLHNPKPEFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-1-butanol Chemical compound CCC(CC)CO TZYRSLHNPKPEFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOYWLLHHWAMFCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(C)=O WOYWLLHHWAMFCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CETWDUZRCINIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-heptanol Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)O CETWDUZRCINIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAHNPAMCADTGIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCCOC VAHNPAMCADTGIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFNHSEQQEPMLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-pentanol Chemical compound CCCC(C)CO PFNHSEQQEPMLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)O MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPVFWPFBNIEHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octanone Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)=O ZPVFWPFBNIEHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJJUCAQFBVCYIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pentan-2-yloxyethanol Chemical compound CCCC(C)OCCO OJJUCAQFBVCYIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenoxyethanol Chemical compound OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PKNKULBDCRZSBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5-trimethylnonan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCC(C)C(C)C(C)C(C)=O PKNKULBDCRZSBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYDWALOBQJFOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxaheptadecane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCC HYDWALOBQJFOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCAHUFWKIQLBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-methoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound COCCCOCCCO QCAHUFWKIQLBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSGVZVOGOQILFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxy-1-butanol Chemical compound COC(C)CCO JSGVZVOGOQILFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMYGFTJCQFEDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxybutyl acetate Chemical compound COC(C)CCOC(C)=O QMYGFTJCQFEDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VATRWWPJWVCZTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxo-n-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]butanamide Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1C(F)(F)F VATRWWPJWVCZTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQWCXKGKQLNYQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylcyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound CC1CCC(O)CC1 MQWCXKGKQLNYQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGVHNLRUAMRIEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylcyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)CC1 VGVHNLRUAMRIEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPEKGGXMPWTOCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8beta-(2,3-epoxy-2-methylbutyryloxy)-14-acetoxytithifolin Natural products COC(=O)C(C)O LPEKGGXMPWTOCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MRABAEUHTLLEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl lactate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)O MRABAEUHTLLEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAFAZFMOJHFOSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCC)OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCCC.CC(CCCCC)OCCOCCOCCOCCO Chemical compound C(CCC)OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCCC.CC(CCCCC)OCCOCCOCCOCCO VAFAZFMOJHFOSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIURCIMZEPBPPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(CCC)OC(C)COC(C)CO Chemical compound CC(CCC)OC(C)COC(C)CO CIURCIMZEPBPPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YYLLIJHXUHJATK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 YYLLIJHXUHJATK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005191 Ga 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WSTYNZDAOAEEKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Mayol Natural products CC1=C(O)C(=O)C=C2C(CCC3(C4CC(C(CC4(CCC33C)C)=O)C)C)(C)C3=CC=C21 WSTYNZDAOAEEKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRQNANDWMGAFTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacetoacetic acid Chemical compound COC(=O)CC(C)=O WRQNANDWMGAFTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKRZOJADNVOXPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid dibutyl ester Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(=O)OCCCC JKRZOJADNVOXPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WTARULDDTDQWMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pseudopinene Natural products C1C2C(C)(C)C1CCC2=C WTARULDDTDQWMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000629 Rh alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002305 Schizophyllan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XCPQUQHBVVXMRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Fenchene Natural products C1CC2C(=C)CC1C2(C)C XCPQUQHBVVXMRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVKDFILSBMEKLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Terpineol Natural products CC(=C)C1(O)CCC(C)=CC1 OVKDFILSBMEKLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVNCAPSFBDBCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-pinene Natural products CC1=CCC23C1CC2C3(C)C MVNCAPSFBDBCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CCC(C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940088601 alpha-terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940007550 benzyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930006722 beta-pinene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019437 butane-1,3-diol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BTMVHUNTONAYDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl propionate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CC BTMVHUNTONAYDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N delta-terpineol Natural products CC(C)(O)C1CCC(=C)CC1 SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYACBZDAHNBPPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl oxalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(=O)OCC WYACBZDAHNBPPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004455 differential thermal analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ODQWQRRAPPTVAG-GZTJUZNOSA-N doxepin Chemical compound C1OC2=CC=CC=C2C(=C/CCN(C)C)/C2=CC=CC=C21 ODQWQRRAPPTVAG-GZTJUZNOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002003 electrode paste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)=O XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229940116333 ethyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical group CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LCWMKIHBLJLORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-carene Natural products C1CC(=C)CC2C(C)(C)C21 LCWMKIHBLJLORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- QNVRIHYSUZMSGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(C)O QNVRIHYSUZMSGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000001510 limonene Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940087305 limonene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IMXBRVLCKXGWSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-cyclohexylacetate Chemical compound COC(=O)CC1CCCCC1 IMXBRVLCKXGWSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043265 methyl isobutyl ketone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940057867 methyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017144 n-butyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PZYDAVFRVJXFHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1C1CCCCC1 PZYDAVFRVJXFHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJWFXCIHNDVPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)O SJWFXCIHNDVPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JYVLIDXNZAXMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCC(C)O JYVLIDXNZAXMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXOHBWLPQHTYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(=O)C(C)O GXOHBWLPQHTYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005323 phenoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005365 phosphate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic chloride Chemical compound ClP=O RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052696 pnictogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N rac-alpha-Pinene Natural products CC1=CCC2C(C)(C)C1C2 GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BRGJIIMZXMWMCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)O BRGJIIMZXMWMCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMUJIPOFTAHSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(C)O XMUJIPOFTAHSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1804—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof comprising only elements of Group IV of the Periodic System
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/06—Glass compositions containing silica with more than 90% silica by weight, e.g. quartz
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
- C03C3/07—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead
- C03C3/072—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead containing boron
- C03C3/074—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead containing boron containing zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/097—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing phosphorus, niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/12—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
- C03C3/16—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/08—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
- C03C8/16—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions with vehicle or suspending agents, e.g. slip
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/22—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities
- H01L21/2225—Diffusion sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/22—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities
- H01L21/225—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities using diffusion into or out of a solid from or into a solid phase, e.g. a doped oxide layer
- H01L21/2251—Diffusion into or out of group IV semiconductors
- H01L21/2254—Diffusion into or out of group IV semiconductors from or through or into an applied layer, e.g. photoresist, nitrides
- H01L21/2255—Diffusion into or out of group IV semiconductors from or through or into an applied layer, e.g. photoresist, nitrides the applied layer comprising oxides only, e.g. P2O5, PSG, H3BO3, doped oxides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을, 도너 원소를 함유하고, 연화 온도가 300 ℃ ∼ 950 ℃ 인 유리 분말과 분산매를 함유하여 구성한다. 이 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 도포하여 열확산 처리를 실시함으로써, n 형 확산층, 및 n 형 확산층을 갖는 태양 전지 소자가 제조된다.The n type diffused layer formation composition contains a donor element, and contains a glass powder and a dispersion medium whose softening temperature is 300 degreeC-950 degreeC. By apply | coating this n type diffused layer formation composition and performing a thermal-diffusion process, the solar cell element which has an n type diffused layer and an n type diffused layer is manufactured.
Description
본 발명은, 태양 전지 소자의 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물, n 형 확산층의 제조 방법, 및 태양 전지 소자의 제조 방법에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는, 반도체 기판인 실리콘 기판의 특정 부분에 n 형 확산층을 형성하는 것을 가능하게 하는 기술에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to an n-type diffusion layer forming composition of a solar cell device, a method for producing an n-type diffusion layer, and a method for producing a solar cell device. More specifically, an n-type diffusion layer is provided on a specific portion of a silicon substrate which is a semiconductor substrate. It relates to a technique that makes it possible to form.
종래의 실리콘 태양 전지 소자의 제조 공정에 대해 설명한다.A manufacturing process of a conventional silicon solar cell will be described.
먼저, 광 가둠 효과를 촉진하여 고효율화를 도모하도록 텍스처 구조를 형성한 p 형 실리콘 기판을 준비하고, 계속해서 옥시염화인 (POCl3), 질소, 산소의 혼합 가스 분위기에 있어서 800 ∼ 900 ℃ 에서 수 십분의 처리를 실시하여 고르게 n 형 확산층을 형성한다. 이 종래의 방법에서는 혼합 가스를 사용하여 인의 확산을 실시하기 때문에, 표면뿐만 아니라, 측면, 이면에도 n 형 확산층이 형성된다. 그 때문에, 측면의 n 형 확산층을 제거하기 위한 사이드 에칭 공정이 필요하였다. 또, 이면의 n 형 확산층은 p+ 형 확산층으로 변환할 필요가 있어, 이면의 n 형 확산층 상에 알루미늄 페이스트를 부여하여, 알루미늄의 확산에 의해 n 형 확산층으로부터 p+ 형 확산층으로 변환시키고 있었다.First, a p-type silicon substrate having a textured structure was prepared to promote the light confinement effect and to achieve high efficiency, and then, at 800 to 900 ° C. in a mixed gas atmosphere of phosphorus oxychloride (POCl 3 ), nitrogen, and oxygen. Ten minutes of treatment are performed to evenly form the n-type diffusion layer. In this conventional method, since the phosphorus is diffused using the mixed gas, the n-type diffusion layer is formed not only on the surface but also on the side surface and the rear surface. Therefore, the side etching process for removing the n type diffused layer of the side was needed. In addition, the n-type diffused layer on the back side needs to be converted into a p + -type diffused layer. An aluminum paste was applied to the n-type diffused layer on the back side, and the aluminum-type diffused layer was converted from the n-type diffused layer to the p + -type diffused layer.
한편, 반도체 제조 분야에서는, 예를 들어 일본 공개특허공보 2002-75894호에 개시되어 있는 바와 같이, 오산화인 (P2O5) 혹은 인산이수소암모늄 (NH4H2PO4) 등의 인산염을 함유하는 용액의 도포에 의해 n 형 확산층을 형성하는 방법이 제안되어 있다. 그러나, 이 방법에서는 용액을 사용하기 때문에, 상기 혼합 가스를 사용하는 기상 반응법과 마찬가지로 인의 확산이 측면 및 이면에도 미쳐, 표면뿐만 아니라, 측면, 이면에도 n 형 확산층이 형성된다.On the other hand, in the semiconductor manufacturing field, for example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-75894, phosphates such as phosphorus pentoxide (P 2 O 5 ) or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) The method of forming an n type diffused layer by application | coating of the solution to contain is proposed. However, in this method, since a solution is used, the diffusion of phosphorus extends to the side and the back as in the gas phase reaction method using the mixed gas, and the n-type diffusion layer is formed not only on the surface but also on the side and the back.
상기 서술한 바와 같이, n 형 확산층 형성시에, 옥시염화인을 사용한 기상 반응에서는 본래 n 형 확산층이 필요한 한쪽 면 (통상적으로 수광면, 표면) 뿐만 아니라, 다른 일방의 면 (비수광면, 이면) 이나 측면에도 n 형 확산층이 형성되어 버린다. 또, 인산염을 함유하는 용액을 도포하여 열확산시키는 방법에서도 기상 반응법과 마찬가지로, 표면 이외에도 n 형 확산층이 형성되어 버린다. 그 때문에, 소자로서 pn 접합 구조를 갖기 위해서는, 측면에 있어서는 에칭을 실시하고, 이면에 있어서는 n 형 확산층을 p 형 확산층으로 변환해야 한다. 일반적으로는, 이면에 제 13 족 원소인 알루미늄의 페이스트를 도포, 소성하여, n 형 확산층을 p 형 확산층으로 변환하고 있다.As described above, in the gas phase reaction using phosphorus oxychloride at the time of forming the n-type diffusion layer, not only one surface (usually the light receiving surface and the surface) that originally requires the n-type diffusion layer, but the other surface (non-light-receiving surface and back surface) An n type diffusion layer is formed also in the side surface. Moreover, in the method of apply | coating and thermally diffusing the solution containing a phosphate, the n type diffused layer will be formed besides the surface similarly to the vapor phase reaction method. Therefore, in order to have a pn junction structure as an element, etching is performed on the side surface and the n type diffused layer must be converted into a p type diffused layer on the back surface. Generally, the back surface is apply | coated and baked the aluminum paste which is a
본 발명은 이상의 종래의 문제점을 감안하여 이루어진 것으로, 실리콘 기판을 사용한 태양 전지 소자의 제조 공정에 있어서, 불필요한 n 형 확산층을 형성시키지 않고, 보다 효율적으로 특정 부분에 n 형 확산층을 형성하는 것이 가능한 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물, n 형 확산층의 제조 방법, 및 태양 전지 소자의 제조 방법의 제공을 과제로 한다.The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and in the manufacturing process of a solar cell element using a silicon substrate, n can be formed more efficiently in a specific portion without forming an unnecessary n-type diffusion layer. An object of the present invention is to provide a type diffusion layer forming composition, a method for producing an n-type diffusion layer, and a method for producing a solar cell element.
상기 과제를 해결하는 수단은 이하와 같다.Means for solving the above problems are as follows.
<1> 도너 원소를 함유하고, 연화 온도가 300 ℃ ∼ 950 ℃ 인 유리 분말과, 분산매를 함유하는 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물.The n type diffused layer formation composition containing the <1> donor element and containing the glass powder whose softening temperature is 300 degreeC-950 degreeC, and a dispersion medium.
<2> 상기 도너 원소가 P (인) 및 Sb (안티몬) 에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종인 상기 <1> 에 기재된 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물.The n type diffused layer formation composition as described in said <1> whose <2> above-mentioned donor element is at least 1 sort (s) chosen from P (phosphorus) and Sb (antimony).
<3> 상기 도너 원소를 함유하는 유리 분말이 P2O3, P2O5 및 Sb2O3 에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종의 도너 원소 함유 물질과, SiO2, K2O, Na2O, Li2O, BaO, SrO, CaO, MgO, BeO, ZnO, PbO, CdO, SnO, ZrO2, CeO2 및 MoO3 에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종의 유리 성분 물질을 함유하는 상기 <1> 또는 <2> 에 기재된 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물.<3> The glass powder containing the donor element includes at least one donor element-containing material selected from P 2 O 3 , P 2 O 5, and Sb 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , K 2 O, Na 2 O, <1> or <2 containing at least one glass component material selected from Li 2 O, BaO, SrO, CaO, MgO, BeO, ZnO, PbO, CdO, SnO, ZrO 2 , CeO 2 and MoO 3 The n type diffused layer formation composition as described in>.
<4> 또한, 상기 유리 분말의 결정화 온도가 1050 ℃ 이상인 상기 <1> ∼ <3> 중 어느 한 항에 기재된 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물.<4> Moreover, the n type diffused layer formation composition in any one of said <1>-<3> whose crystallization temperature of the said glass powder is 1050 degreeC or more.
<5> 상기 <1> ∼ <4> 중 어느 한 항에 기재된 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 도포하는 공정과, 열확산 처리를 실시하는 공정을 갖는 n 형 확산층의 제조 방법.<5> The manufacturing method of the n type diffused layer which has the process of apply | coating the n type diffused layer formation composition in any one of said <1>-<4>, and the process of performing a thermal-diffusion process.
<6> 반도체 기판 상에 상기 <1> ∼ <4> 중 어느 한 항에 기재된 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 도포하는 공정과, 열확산 처리를 실시하여 n 형 확산층을 형성하는 공정과, 형성된 상기 n 형 확산층 상에 전극을 형성하는 공정을 갖는 태양 전지 소자의 제조 방법.The process of apply | coating the n type diffused layer formation composition in any one of said <1>-<4> on a <6> semiconductor substrate, the process of performing a thermal-diffusion process, and forming an n type diffused layer, The said n type formed The manufacturing method of the solar cell element which has a process of forming an electrode on a diffusion layer.
본 발명에 의하면, 실리콘 기판을 사용한 태양 전지 소자의 제조 공정에 있어서, 불필요한 n 형 확산층을 형성시키지 않고, 보다 효율적으로 특정 부분에 n 형 확산층을 형성하는 것이 가능해진다.ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, in the manufacturing process of the solar cell element using a silicon substrate, it becomes possible to form an n type diffused layer in a specific part more efficiently, without forming unnecessary n type diffused layer.
도 1 은 본 발명의 태양 전지 소자의 제조 공정의 일례를 개념적으로 나타내는 단면도이다.
도 2a 는 태양 전지 소자를 표면으로부터 본 평면도이다.
도 2b 는 도 2a 의 일부를 확대하여 나타내는 사시도이다.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is sectional drawing which shows notionally an example of the manufacturing process of the solar cell element of this invention.
2A is a plan view of the solar cell element seen from the surface.
FIG. 2B is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of FIG. 2A. FIG.
먼저, 본 발명의 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물에 대해 설명하고, 다음으로 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 사용하는 n 형 확산층 및 태양 전지 소자의 제조 방법에 대해 설명한다.First, the n type diffused layer formation composition of this invention is demonstrated, Next, the n type diffused layer and the manufacturing method of a solar cell element using an n type diffused layer formation composition are demonstrated.
또한, 본 명세서에 있어서 「공정」이라는 말은, 독립된 공정뿐만 아니라, 다른 공정과 명확하게 구별할 수 없는 경우라도 그 공정의 소기의 작용이 달성된다면, 본 용어에 포함된다. 또, 본 명세서에 있어서「∼」는, 그 전후에 기재되는 수치를 각각 최소치 및 최대치로서 포함하는 범위를 나타내는 것으로 한다. 또한, 본 명세서에 있어서 조성물 중의 각 성분의 양에 대해 언급하는 경우, 조성물 중에 각 성분에 해당하는 물질이 복수 존재하는 경우에는, 특별히 언급이 없는 이상 조성물 중에 존재하는 당해 복수의 물질의 합계량을 의미한다.In addition, in this specification, the term "process" is included in this term as long as the desired action of the process is achieved, even if the process is not clearly distinguishable from other processes. In addition, in this specification, "-" shall show the range which includes the numerical value described before and after that as minimum value and the maximum value, respectively. In addition, when referring to the quantity of each component in a composition in this specification, when there exist two or more substances corresponding to each component in a composition, unless there is particular notice, the total amount of the said some substance in a composition means. do.
본 발명의 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물은 적어도 도너 원소를 함유하고, 또한 연화 온도가 300 ℃ ∼ 950 ℃ 인 유리 분말 (이하, 단순히 「유리 분말」이라고 칭하는 경우가 있다) 과, 분산매를 함유하며, 또한 도포성 등을 고려하여 그 밖의 첨가제를 필요에 따라 함유해도 된다.The n type diffused layer formation composition of this invention contains the donor element at least, and contains the glass powder (Hereinafter, it may only be called "glass powder") and a dispersion medium which softening temperature is 300 degreeC-950 degreeC, and also In consideration of applicability, other additives may be contained as necessary.
여기서, n 형 확산층 형성 조성물이란, 도너 원소를 함유하고, 예를 들어, 실리콘 기판에 도포한 후에 열확산 처리 (소성) 함으로써, 이 도너 원소를 열확산 시켜 n 형 확산층을 형성하는 것이 가능한 재료를 말한다. 본 발명의 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 사용함으로써, n 형 확산층 형성 조성물이 부여된 원하는 부위에만 n 형 확산층이 형성되고, n 형 확산층 형성 조성물이 부여되어 있지 않은 이면이나 측면에는 불필요한 n 형 확산층이 형성되지 않는다.Here, an n type diffused layer formation composition contains the donor element, and means the material which can form a n type diffused layer by thermally diffusing this donor element, for example by apply | coating to a silicon substrate and heat-diffusing (baking). By using the n type diffused layer formation composition of this invention, an n type diffused layer is formed only in the desired site | part to which the n type diffused layer formation composition was provided, and unnecessary n type diffused layer is formed in the back surface or side which is not provided with the n type diffused layer formation composition. It doesn't work.
따라서, 본 발명의 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 적용하면, 종래 널리 채용되어 있는 기상 반응법에서는 필수인 사이드 에칭 공정이 불필요해져, 공정이 간이화 된다. 또, 이면에 형성된 n 형 확산층을 p+ 형 확산층으로 변환하는 공정도 불필요해진다. 또한, 그 때문에, 이면의 p+ 형 확산층의 형성 방법이나 이면 전극의 재질, 형상 및 두께가 제한되지 않아, 적용하는 제조 방법이나 재질, 형상의 선택지가 넓어진다. 또, 자세한 것은 후술하는데, 이면 전극의 두께에서 기인한 실리콘 기판 내의 내부 응력의 발생이 억제되어, 실리콘 기판의 휨도 억제된다.Therefore, when the composition for forming an n-type diffusion layer of the present invention is applied, the side etching process, which is essential in the widely used gas phase reaction method, becomes unnecessary, and the process is simplified. Moreover, the process of converting the n type diffused layer formed in the back surface into a p <+> type diffused layer also becomes unnecessary. Therefore, the material, shape, and thickness of the method of forming the p + type diffusion layer on the back surface and the back electrode are not limited, and the choice of the manufacturing method, material, and shape to be applied is widened. Moreover, although mentioned later in detail, generation | occurrence | production of the internal stress in the silicon substrate resulting from the thickness of a back electrode is suppressed, and the curvature of a silicon substrate is also suppressed.
또한, 본 발명의 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물에 함유되는 유리 분말은 소성에 의해 용융되어, n 형 확산층 상에 유리층을 형성한다. 그러나 종래의 기상 반응법이나 인산염이 함유된 용액을 도포하는 방법에 있어서도, n 형 확산층 상에 유리층이 형성되어 있다. 따라서, 본 발명에 있어서 생성된 유리층은 종래의 방법과 마찬가지로 에칭에 의해 제거할 수 있다. 따라서, 본 발명의 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물은 종래의 방법과 비교해도 불필요한 생성물을 발생시키지 않아, 공정을 늘릴 필요도 없다.In addition, the glass powder contained in the n type diffused layer formation composition of this invention melt | dissolves by baking, and forms a glass layer on an n type diffused layer. However, also in the conventional gas phase reaction method or the method of apply | coating the solution containing phosphate, the glass layer is formed on the n type diffused layer. Therefore, the glass layer produced in this invention can be removed by an etching like a conventional method. Therefore, compared with the conventional method, the n type diffused layer formation composition of this invention does not generate | occur | produce unnecessary product, and does not need to increase a process.
또, 유리 분말 중의 도너 성분은 소성 중에도 잘 휘산되지 않기 때문에, 휘산 가스의 발생에 의해 표면뿐만 아니라 이면이나 측면에까지 n 형 확산층이 형성된다는 것이 억제된다.Moreover, since the donor component in glass powder does not volatilize well during baking, it is suppressed that n type diffused layer is formed not only in the surface but also in back surface or side surface by generation | occurrence | production of volatilization gas.
이 이유로서, 도너 성분이 유리 분말 중의 원소와 결합되어 있거나, 또는 유리 중에 도입되어 있기 때문에, 잘 휘산되지 않는다고 생각된다.For this reason, it is considered that the donor component is hardly volatilized because it is bound to an element in the glass powder or introduced into the glass.
이와 같이, 본 발명의 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물은 원하는 부위에 원하는 농도의 n 형 확산층을 형성하는 것이 가능하므로, n 형 도펀트 농도가 높은 선택적인 영역을 형성하는 것이 가능해진다. 한편, n 형 확산층의 일반적인 방법인 기상 반응법이나, 인산염 함유 용액을 사용하는 방법에 의해, n 형 도펀트 농도가 높은 선택적인 영역을 형성하는 것은 일반적으로는 곤란하다.Thus, since the n type diffused layer formation composition of this invention can form the n type diffused layer of desired density | concentration in a desired site | part, it becomes possible to form the selective area | region with a high n type dopant concentration. On the other hand, it is generally difficult to form a selective region having a high n-type dopant concentration by a gas phase reaction method or a method using a phosphate-containing solution which is a general method of the n-type diffusion layer.
본 발명에 관련된 도너 원소를 함유하는 유리 분말에 대해 상세하게 설명한다.The glass powder containing the donor element which concerns on this invention is demonstrated in detail.
도너 원소란, 실리콘 기판 중에 도핑시킴으로써 n 형 확산층을 형성하는 것이 가능한 원소이다. 도너 원소로는 제 15 족 원소를 사용할 수 있으며, 예를 들어 P (인), Sb (안티몬), Bi (비스무트) 및 As (비소) 등을 들 수 있다. 안전성, 유리화의 용이함 등의 관점에서, P 또는 Sb 가 바람직하다.A donor element is an element which can form an n type diffused layer by doping in a silicon substrate. As the donor element, a group 15 element can be used, and examples thereof include P (phosphorus), Sb (antimony), Bi (bismuth) and As (arsenic). P or Sb is preferable from the viewpoints of safety, vitrification and the like.
도너 원소를 유리 분말에 도입하기 위해서 사용하는 도너 원소 함유 물질로는 P2O3, P2O5, Sb2O3, Bi2O3 및 As2O3 을 들 수 있으며, P2O3, P2O5 및 Sb2O3 에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종을 사용하는 것이 바람직하다.Examples of donor element-containing materials used for introducing donor elements into the glass powder include P 2 O 3 , P 2 O 5 , Sb 2 O 3 , Bi 2 O 3, and As 2 O 3 , and P 2 O 3 , P is preferred to use at least one type of compound selected from 2 O 5 and Sb 2 O 3.
또, 도너 원소를 함유하는 유리 분말은 필요에 따라 성분 비율을 조정함으로써, 용융 온도, 연화 온도, 유리 전이 온도, 화학적 내구성 등을 제어하는 것이 가능하다. 또한, 이하에 기재하는 유리 성분 물질을 함유하는 것이 바람직하다.Moreover, the glass powder containing a donor element can control melt temperature, softening temperature, glass transition temperature, chemical durability, etc. by adjusting a component ratio as needed. Moreover, it is preferable to contain the glass component substance described below.
유리 성분 물질로는, SiO2, K2O, Na2O, Li2O, BaO, SrO, CaO, MgO, BeO, ZnO, PbO, CdO, SnO, ZrO2, MoO3, La2O3, CeO2, Nb2O5, Ta2O5, Y2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, GeO2, TeO2 및 Lu2O3 등을 들 수 있으며, SiO2, K2O, Na2O, Li2O, BaO, SrO, CaO, MgO, BeO, ZnO, PbO, CdO, SnO, ZrO2, CeO2 및 MoO3 에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종을 사용하는 것이 바람직하다.Glass component materials include SiO 2 , K 2 O, Na 2 O, Li 2 O, BaO, SrO, CaO, MgO, BeO, ZnO, PbO, CdO, SnO, ZrO 2 , MoO 3 , La 2 O 3 , CeO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , Ta 2 O 5 , Y 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , GeO 2 , TeO 2 and Lu 2 O 3 , and the like, and SiO 2 , K 2 O, Na 2 O Preference is given to using at least one selected from Li 2 O, BaO, SrO, CaO, MgO, BeO, ZnO, PbO, CdO, SnO, ZrO 2 , CeO 2 and MoO 3 .
도너 원소를 함유하는 유리 분말의 구체예로는, 상기 도너 원소 함유 물질과 상기 유리 성분 물질의 쌍방을 함유하는 계를 들 수 있으며, P2O5-SiO2 계 (도너 원소 함유 물질-유리 성분 물질의 순서로 기재, 이하 동일), P2O5-K2O 계, P2O5-Na2O 계, P2O5-Li2O 계, P2O5-BaO 계, P2O5-SrO 계, P2O5-CaO 계, P2O5-MgO 계, P2O5-BeO 계, P2O5-ZnO 계, P2O5-CdO 계, P2O5-PbO 계, P2O5-CeO2 계, P2O5-SnO 계, P2O5-GeO2 계, P2O5-TeO2 계 등의 도너 원소 함유 물질로서 P2O5 를 함유하는 계, 상기의 P2O5 를 함유하는 계인 P2O5 대신에 도너 원소 함유 물질로서 Sb2O3 을 함유하는 계의 유리 분말을 들 수 있다.As a specific example of the glass powder containing a donor element, the system containing both the said donor element containing substance and the said glass component substance is mentioned, P 2 O 5 -SiO 2 type (donor element containing substance-glass component) described in the order of material, hereinafter the same), P 2 O 5 -K 2 O -based, P 2 O 5 -Na 2 O-based, P 2 O 5 -Li 2 O-based, P 2 O 5 -BaO-based, P 2 O 5 -SrO-based, P 2 O 5 -CaO-based, P 2 O 5 -MgO-based, P 2 O 5 -BeO-based, P 2 O 5 -ZnO-based, P 2 O 5 -CdO-based, P 2 O 5 the -PbO-based, P 2 O 5 -CeO 2-based, P 2 O 5 -SnO-based, P 2 O 5 -GeO 2-based, P 2 O 5 as a donor element-containing material, such as P 2 O 5 -TeO 2 based Sb 2 O 3 as a donor element-containing substance instead of P 2 O 5 , which is a system containing or a system containing P 2 O 5. The glass powder of the system containing these is mentioned.
또한, P2O5-Sb2O3 계, P2O5-As2O3 계 등과 같이, 2 종류 이상의 도너 원소 함유 물질을 함유하는 유리 분말이어도 된다.Further, it may be, a glass powder containing two or more donor element-containing material, such as P 2 O 5 -Sb 2 O 3 based, P 2 O 5 -As 2 O 3 based.
상기에서는 2 성분을 함유하는 복합 유리를 예시했는데, P2O5-SiO2-CeO2, P2O5-SiO2-CaO 등과 같이, 3 성분 이상의 물질을 함유하는 유리 분말이어도 된다.In the example I a composite glass containing two components, such as P 2 O 5 -SiO 2 -CeO 2 , P 2 O 5 -SiO 2 -CaO, or may be a glass powder containing at least three-component material.
유리 분말 중의 유리 성분 물질의 함유 비율은, 용융 온도, 연화 온도, 유리 전이 온도, 결정화 온도, 화학적 내구성을 고려하여 적절히 설정하는 것이 바람직하고, 일반적으로는 0.1 질량% 이상 95 질량% 이하인 것이 바람직하며, 0.5 질량% 이상 90 질량% 이하인 것이 보다 바람직하다.It is preferable to set the content rate of the glass component substance in a glass powder suitably in consideration of melting temperature, softening temperature, glass transition temperature, crystallization temperature, and chemical durability, and generally it is 0.1 mass% or more and 95 mass% or less, It is more preferable that they are 0.5 mass% or more and 90 mass% or less.
구체적으로는, P2O5-CeO2 계 유리의 경우에는, CeO2 의 함유 비율은 1 질량% 이상 50 질량% 이하인 것이 바람직하고, 3 질량% 이상 40 질량% 이하인 것이 보다 바람직하다. 이러한 함유 비율로 함으로써, 보다 균일하게 n 형 확산층을 형성할 수 있다.Specifically, in the case of P 2 O 5 -CeO 2 -based glass, the content ratio of CeO 2 is preferably 1% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, and more preferably 3% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less. By setting it as such a content rate, an n type diffused layer can be formed more uniformly.
유리 분말의 연화 온도는 후술하는 열확산 처리시에 도너 원소를 보다 효과적으로 실리콘 기판 중으로 확산시켜, 보다 균일한 n 형 확산층을 얻는 관점에서 중요하다. 본 발명에 있어서 연화 온도는 300 ℃ ∼ 950 ℃ 이지만, 350 ℃ ∼ 900 ℃ 인 것이 바람직하고, 370 ℃ ∼ 850 ℃ 인 것이 보다 바람직하며, 390 ℃ ∼ 800 ℃ 인 것이 더욱 바람직하다.The softening temperature of the glass powder is important from the viewpoint of diffusing the donor element into the silicon substrate more effectively during the thermal diffusion treatment described later to obtain a more uniform n-type diffusion layer. Although softening temperature is 300 degreeC-950 degreeC in this invention, it is preferable that it is 350 degreeC-900 degreeC, It is more preferable that it is 370 degreeC-850 degreeC, It is further more preferable that it is 390 degreeC-800 degreeC.
유리 분말의 연화 온도가 300 ℃ 미만인 경우에는, 고온에서의 열확산 처리시에 유리 성분이 결정화되기 쉬워져, 열확산 처리 후의 유리 성분의 에칭 제거 공정에 있어서 그 에칭 제거성이 저하되는 경향이 있으며, 또 융점이 저하됨으로써 도너 원소가 휘발되기 쉬워져, 열확산 처리시에 있어서 불필요한 부분에 n 형 확산층을 형성하기 쉬워지는 경향이 있다. 또, 유리 분말의 연화 온도가 950 ℃ 를 초과하는 경우에는, 열확산 처리시에 유리가 잘 연화되지 않아, 유리 분말이 입상의 형상을 유지한 상태로 있다. 그 때문에 유리 성분이 실리콘 기판 상에 있어서 미시적으로 균일하게 덮이지 않고 도너 원소의 확산이 진행되게 되어, 결과적으로 n 형 확산층의 형성성이 불균일하게 되는 경향이 있어, 시트 저항값이 상승하는 경우가 있다.When the softening temperature of glass powder is less than 300 degreeC, a glass component will become easy to crystallize at the time of the thermal-diffusion process at high temperature, and the etching removal property will fall in the etching removal process of the glass component after a thermal-diffusion process, and As the melting point is lowered, the donor element tends to be volatilized, and there is a tendency that an n-type diffusion layer is easily formed in an unnecessary portion at the time of thermal diffusion treatment. Moreover, when the softening temperature of glass powder exceeds 950 degreeC, glass does not soften easily at the time of a thermal-diffusion process, and glass powder has the state which maintained the granular shape. As a result, the glass component is not microscopically uniformly covered on the silicon substrate, and the diffusion of the donor element proceeds. As a result, the formability of the n-type diffusion layer tends to be nonuniform, resulting in an increase in sheet resistance. have.
또한, 유리 분말의 연화 온도는 공지된 시차열 분석 장치 (DTA) 에 의해, 그 흡열 피크로부터 용이하게 측정할 수 있다.In addition, the softening temperature of a glass powder can be easily measured from the endothermic peak by a well-known differential thermal analyzer (DTA).
또, 본 발명에 있어서, 유리 분말의 결정화 온도는 1050 ℃ 이상인 것이 바람직하고, 1100 ℃ 이상인 것이 보다 바람직하며, 1200 ℃ 이상인 것이 더욱 바람직하다. 결정화 온도가 1050 ℃ 이상임으로써, 열확산 처리시에 있어서의 유리 성분의 결정화가 억제된다. 이로써, 열확산 처리 후의 유리 성분 에칭 제거 공정에 있어서의 결정화물의 잔존이 억제되어, 유리 성분의 에칭 제거성이 향상된다.Moreover, in this invention, it is preferable that the crystallization temperature of glass powder is 1050 degreeC or more, It is more preferable that it is 1100 degreeC or more, It is further more preferable that it is 1200 degreeC or more. When crystallization temperature is 1050 degreeC or more, crystallization of the glass component at the time of a thermal-diffusion process is suppressed. Thereby, the remainder of the crystallized thing in the glass component etching removal process after a thermal-diffusion process is suppressed, and the etching removal property of a glass component improves.
또한, 유리 분말의 결정화 온도는 공지된 시차열 분석 장치 (DTA) 에 의해, 그 발열 피크로부터 용이하게 측정할 수 있다.In addition, the crystallization temperature of glass powder can be easily measured from the exothermic peak by a well-known differential thermal analysis apparatus (DTA).
유리 분말의 형상으로는, 대략 구상, 편평상, 블록상, 판상 및 인편상 등을 들 수 있으며, n 형 확산층 형성 조성물로 했을 경우의 기판에 대한 도포성이나 균일 확산성의 관점에서, 대략 구상, 편평상 또는 판상인 것이 바람직하다. 유리 분말의 입경은 100 ㎛ 이하인 것이 바람직하다. 100 ㎛ 이하의 입경을 갖는 유리 분말을 사용한 경우에는, 평활한 도막을 얻기 쉽다. 또한, 유리 분말의 입경은 50 ㎛ 이하인 것이 보다 바람직하다. 또한, 하한은 특별히 제한되지 않지만, 0.01 ㎛ 이상인 것이 바람직하다.As a shape of a glass powder, substantially spherical shape, a flat shape, a block shape, a plate shape, a flaky shape, etc. are mentioned, In the viewpoint of the applicability | paintability to a board | substrate and the uniform diffusivity when it is set as an n type diffused layer formation composition, a substantially spherical shape, It is preferable that it is flat or plate-shaped. It is preferable that the particle diameter of a glass powder is 100 micrometers or less. When the glass powder which has a particle diameter of 100 micrometers or less is used, a smooth coating film is easy to be obtained. Moreover, it is more preferable that the particle diameter of a glass powder is 50 micrometers or less. In addition, a minimum in particular is not restrict | limited, It is preferable that it is 0.01 micrometer or more.
여기서, 유리의 입경은 평균 입자경을 나타내고, 레이저 산란 회절법 입도 분포 측정 장치 등에 의해 측정할 수 있다.Here, the particle diameter of glass shows an average particle diameter, and it can measure by a laser scattering diffraction method particle size distribution measuring apparatus.
도너 원소를 함유하는 유리 분말은 이하의 순서로 제조된다.The glass powder containing a donor element is manufactured in the following procedures.
맨 처음에 원료를 칭량하고, 도가니에 충전한다. 도가니의 재질로는, 백금, 백금-로듐, 이리듐, 알루미나, 석영, 탄소 등을 들 수 있는데, 용융 온도, 분위기, 용융 물질과의 반응성 등을 고려하여 적절히 선택된다.The raw material is first weighed and filled into the crucible. Examples of the material of the crucible include platinum, platinum-rhodium, iridium, alumina, quartz, carbon, and the like, and are appropriately selected in consideration of melting temperature, atmosphere, reactivity with the molten material, and the like.
다음으로, 전기로에서 유리 조성에 따른 온도에서 가열하여 융액으로 한다. 이 때, 융액이 균일하게 되도록 교반하는 것이 바람직하다.Next, it heats at the temperature according to glass composition in an electric furnace, and sets it as a melt. At this time, it is preferable to stir so that the melt becomes uniform.
계속해서 얻어진 융액을 그라파이트판, 백금판, 백금-로듐 합금판, 지르코니아판 등의 위에 흘리기 시작하여 융액을 유리화한다.Subsequently, the obtained melt is started to flow on a graphite plate, a platinum plate, a platinum-rhodium alloy plate, a zirconia plate and the like to vitrify the melt.
마지막으로 유리를 분쇄하여 분말상으로 한다. 분쇄에는 제트밀, 비즈밀, 볼밀 등 공지된 방법을 적용할 수 있다.Finally, the glass is ground to form a powder. A well-known method, such as a jet mill, a bead mill, a ball mill, can be applied to grinding | pulverization.
n 형 확산층 형성 조성물 중의 도너 원소를 함유하는 유리 분말의 함유 비율은, 도포성, 도너 원소의 확산성 등을 고려하여 결정된다. 일반적으로는, n 형 확산층 형성 조성물 중의 유리 분말의 함유 비율은 0.1 질량% 이상 95 질량% 이하인 것이 바람직하고, 1 질량% 이상 90 질량% 이하인 것이 보다 바람직하며, 1.5 질량% 이상 85 질량% 이하인 것이 더욱 바람직하고, 2 질량% 이상 80 질량% 이하가 특히 바람직하다.The content rate of the glass powder containing the donor element in an n type diffused layer formation composition is determined in consideration of applicability | paintability, the diffusivity of a donor element, etc .. Generally, it is preferable that the content rate of the glass powder in an n type diffused layer formation composition is 0.1 mass% or more and 95 mass% or less, It is more preferable that they are 1 mass% or more and 90 mass% or less, It is 1.5 mass% or more and 85 mass% or less More preferably, 2 mass% or more and 80 mass% or less are especially preferable.
다음으로, 분산매에 대해 설명한다.Next, a dispersion medium is demonstrated.
분산매란, 조성물 중에 있어서 상기 유리 분말을 분산시키는 매체이다. 구체적으로 분산매로는, 바인더나 용제 등이 채용된다.A dispersion medium is a medium which disperse | distributes the said glass powder in a composition. As a dispersion medium, a binder, a solvent, etc. are employ | adopted specifically ,.
바인더로는, 예를 들어, 폴리비닐알코올, 폴리아크릴아미드류, 폴리비닐아미드류, 폴리비닐피롤리돈, 폴리에틸렌옥사이드류, 폴리술폰산, 아크릴아미드알킬술폰산, 셀룰로오스에테르류, 셀룰로오스 유도체, 카르복시메틸셀룰로오스, 하이드록시에틸셀룰로오스, 에틸셀룰로오스, 젤라틴, 전분 및 전분 유도체, 알긴산나트륨 류, 잔탄, 구아 및 구아 유도체, 스클레로글루칸 및 스클레로글루칸 유도체, 트래거캔스 및 트래거캔스 유도체, 덱스트린 및 덱스트린 유도체, (메트)아크릴산 수지, (메트)아크릴산에스테르 수지 (예를 들어, 알킬(메트)아크릴레이트 수지, 디메틸아미노에틸(메트)아크릴레이트 수지 등), 부타디엔 수지, 스티렌 수지, 또는 이들의 공중합체, 그 밖에도 실록산 수지를 적절히 선택할 수 있다. 이들은 1 종류를 단독으로 사용하거나, 또는 2 종류 이상을 조합하여 사용된다.Examples of the binder include polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamides, polyvinylamides, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxides, polysulfonic acids, acrylamide alkylsulfonic acids, cellulose ethers, cellulose derivatives, and carboxymethyl celluloses. , Hydroxyethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, gelatin, starch and starch derivatives, sodium alginate, xanthan, guar and guar derivatives, scleroglucan and scleroglucan derivatives, tragacanth and tragacanth derivatives, dextrins and dextrins Derivatives, (meth) acrylic acid resins, (meth) acrylic acid ester resins (e.g., alkyl (meth) acrylate resins, dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate resins, etc.), butadiene resins, styrene resins, or copolymers thereof In addition, a siloxane resin can be selected suitably. These are used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
바인더의 분자량은 특별히 제한되지 않고, 조성물로서의 원하는 점도를 감안하여 적절히 조정하는 것이 바람직하다.The molecular weight of the binder is not particularly limited, and is preferably adjusted in view of the desired viscosity as the composition.
용제로는, 예를 들어, 아세톤, 메틸에틸케톤, 메틸-n-프로필케톤, 메틸-iso-프로필케톤, 메틸-n-부틸케톤, 메틸-iso-부틸케톤, 메틸-n-펜틸케톤, 메틸-n-헥실케톤, 디에틸케톤, 디프로필케톤, 디-iso-부틸케톤, 트리메틸노나논, 시클로헥사논, 시클로펜타논, 메틸시클로헥사논, 2,4-펜탄디온, 아세토닐아세톤 등의 케톤계 용제 ; 디에틸에테르, 메틸에틸에테르, 메틸-n-프로필에테르, 디-iso-프로필에테르, 테트라하이드로푸란, 메틸테트라하이드로푸란, 디옥산, 디메틸디옥산, 에틸렌글리콜디메틸에테르, 에틸렌글리콜디에틸에테르, 에틸렌글리콜디-n-프로필에테르, 에틸렌글리콜디부틸에테르, 디에틸렌글리콜디메틸에테르, 디에틸렌글리콜디에틸에테르, 디에틸렌글리콜메틸에틸에테르, 디에틸렌글리콜메틸-n-프로필에테르, 디에틸렌글리콜메틸-n-부틸에테르, 디에틸렌글리콜디-n-프로필에테르, 디에틸렌글리콜디-n-부틸에테르, 디에틸렌글리콜메틸-n-헥실에테르, 트리에틸렌글리콜디메틸에테르, 트리에틸렌글리콜디에틸에테르, 트리에틸렌글리콜메틸에틸에테르, 트리에틸렌글리콜메틸-n-부틸에테르, 트리에틸렌글리콜디-n-부틸에테르, 트리에틸렌글리콜메틸-n-헥실에테르, 테트라에틸렌글리콜디메틸에테르, 테트라에틸렌글리콜디에틸에테르, 테트라디에틸렌글리콜메틸에틸에테르, 테트라에틸렌글리콜메틸-n-부틸에테르, 디에틸렌글리콜디-n-부틸에테르, 테트라에틸렌글리콜메틸-n-헥실에테르, 테트라에틸렌글리콜디-n-부틸에테르, 프로필렌글리콜디메틸에테르, 프로필렌글리콜디에틸에테르, 프로필렌글리콜디-n-프로필에테르, 프로필렌글리콜디부틸에테르, 디프로필렌 글리콜디메틸에테르, 디프로필렌글리콜디에틸에테르, 디프로필렌글리콜메틸에틸에테르, 디프로필렌글리콜메틸-n-부틸에테르, 디프로필렌글리콜디-n-프로필에테르, 디프로필렌글리콜디-n-부틸에테르, 디프로필렌글리콜메틸-n-헥실에테르, 트리프로필렌글리콜디메틸에테르, 트리프로필렌글리콜디에틸에테르, 트리프로필렌글리콜메틸에틸에테르, 트리프로필렌글리콜메틸-n-부틸에테르, 트리프로필렌글리콜디-n-부틸에테르, 트리프로필렌글리콜메틸-n-헥실에테르, 테트라프로필렌글리콜디메틸에테르, 테트라프로필렌글리콜디에틸에테르, 테트라디프로필렌글리콜메틸에틸에테르, 테트라프로필렌글리콜메틸-n-부틸에테르, 디프로필렌글리콜디-n-부틸에테르, 테트라프로필렌글리콜메틸-n-헥실에테르, 테트라프로필렌글리콜디-n-부틸에테르 등의 에테르계 용제 ; 아세트산메틸, 아세트산에틸, 아세트산n-프로필, 아세트산i-프로필, 아세트산n-부틸, 아세트산i-부틸, 아세트산sec-부틸, 아세트산n-펜틸, 아세트산sec-펜틸, 아세트산3-메톡시부틸, 아세트산메틸펜틸, 아세트산2-에틸부틸, 아세트산2-에틸헥실, 아세트산2-(2-부톡시에톡시)에틸, 아세트산벤질, 아세트산시클로헥실, 아세트산메틸시클로헥실, 아세트산노닐, 아세토아세트산메틸, 아세토아세트산에틸, 아세트산디에틸렌글리콜메틸에테르, 아세트산디에틸렌글리콜모노에틸에테르, 아세트산디에틸렌글리콜-n-부틸에테르, 아세트산디프로필렌글리콜메틸에테르, 아세트산디프로필렌글리콜에틸에테르, 디아세트산글리콜, 아세트산메톡시트리글리콜, 프로피온산에틸, 프로피온산n-부틸, 프로피온산i-아밀, 옥살산디에틸, 옥살산디-n-부틸, 락트산메틸, 락트산에틸, 락트산n-부틸, 락트산n-아밀, 에틸렌글리콜메틸에테르프로피오네이트, 에틸렌글리콜에틸에테르프로피오네이트, 에틸렌글리콜메틸에테르아세테이트, 에틸렌글리콜에틸에테르아세테이트, 디에틸렌글리콜메틸에테르아세테이트, 디에틸렌글리콜에틸에테르아세테이트, 디에틸렌글리콜-n-부틸에테르아세테이트, 프로필렌글리콜메틸에테르아세테이트, 프로필렌글리콜에틸에테르아세테이트, 프로필렌글리콜프로필에테르아세테이트, 디프로필렌글리콜메틸에테르아세테이트, 디프로필렌글리콜에틸에테르아세테이트, γ-부티로락톤, γ-발레로락톤 등의 에스테르계 용제 ; 아세토니트릴, N-메틸피롤리디논, N-에틸피롤리디논, N-프로필피롤리디논, N-부틸피롤리디논, N-헥실피롤리디논, N-시클로헥실피롤리디논, N,N-디메틸포름아미드, N,N-디메틸아세트아미드, 디메틸술폭사이드 등의 비프로톤성 극성 용제 ; 메탄올, 에탄올, n-프로판올, i-프로판올, n-부탄올, i-부탄올, sec-부탄올, t-부탄올, n-펜탄올, i-펜탄올, 2-메틸부탄올, sec-펜탄올, t-펜탄올, 3-메톡시부탄올, n-헥산올, 2-메틸펜탄올, sec-헥산올, 2-에틸부탄올, sec-헵탄올, n-옥탄올, 2-에틸헥산올, sec-옥탄올, n-노닐알코올, n-데칸올, sec-운데실알코올, 트리메틸노닐알코올, sec-테트라데실알코올, sec-헵타데실알코올, 페놀, 시클로헥산올, 메틸시클로헥산올, 벤질알코올, 에틸렌글리콜, 1,2-프로필렌글리콜, 1,3-부틸렌글리콜, 디에틸렌글리콜, 디프로필렌글리콜, 트리에틸렌글리콜, 트리프로필렌글리콜 등의 알코올계 용제 ; 에틸렌글리콜메틸에테르, 에틸렌글리콜에틸에테르, 에틸렌글리콜모노페닐에테르, 디에틸렌글리콜모노메틸에테르, 디에틸렌글리콜모노에틸에테르, 디에틸렌글리콜모노-n-부틸에테르, 디에틸렌글리콜모노-n-헥실에테르, 에톡시트리글리콜, 테트라에틸렌글리콜모노-n-부틸에테르, 프로필렌글리콜모노메틸에테르, 디프로필렌글리콜모노메틸에테르, 디프로필렌글리콜모노에틸에테르, 트리프로필렌글리콜모노메틸에테르 등의 글리콜모노에테르계 용제 ; α-테르피넨, α-테르피네올, 미르센, 알로오시멘, 리모넨, 디펜텐, α-피넨, β-피넨, 테르피네올, 카르본, 오시멘, 펠란드렌 등의 테르펜계 용제 ; 물을 들 수 있다. 이들은 1 종류를 단독으로 사용하거나 또는 2 종류 이상을 조합하여 사용된다.As a solvent, for example, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl-n-propyl ketone, methyl-iso-propyl ketone, methyl-n-butyl ketone, methyl-iso-butyl ketone, methyl-n-pentyl ketone, methyl -n-hexyl ketone, diethyl ketone, dipropyl ketone, di-iso-butyl ketone, trimethylnonanone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, methylcyclohexanone, 2,4-pentanedione, acetonylacetone Ketone solvents; Diethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, Diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl-n-propyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl n-propyl ether, diethylene glycol diisopropyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, Butyl ether, diethylene glycol di-n-propyl ether, diethylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl-n-hexyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol diethyl ether, triethylene glycol Methyl ethyl ether, triethylene glycol methyl n-butyl ether, triethylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, triethylene glycol methyl n-hexyl ether, Raethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol diethyl ether, tetradiethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol methyl-n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, tetraethylene glycol methyl-n-hexyl ether Tetraethylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, propylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol diethyl ether, propylene glycol di-n-propyl ether, propylene glycol dibutyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, dipropylene glycol diethyl ether, Dipropylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl-n-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol di-n-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl-n-hexyl ether, tripropylene glycol Dimethyl ether, tripropylene glycol diethyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, trip Ethylene glycol methyl-n-butyl ether, tripropylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl-n-hexyl ether, tetrapropylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrapropylene glycol diethyl ether, tetradipropylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, Ether solvents such as tetrapropylene glycol methyl-n-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, tetrapropylene glycol methyl-n-hexyl ether and tetrapropylene glycol di-n-butyl ether; Methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, i-propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, i-butyl acetate, sec-butyl acetate, n-pentyl acetate, sec-pentyl acetate, 3-methoxybutyl acetate, methyl acetate Pentyl, 2-ethylbutyl acetate, 2-ethylhexyl acetate, 2- (2-butoxyethoxy) ethyl acetate, benzyl acetate, cyclohexyl acetate, methylcyclohexyl acetate, nonyl acetate, methyl acetoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, Diethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol-n-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol ethyl ether, diacetate glycol, methoxytriglycol acetate, propionic acid Ethyl, n-butyl propionate, i-amyl propionate, diethyl oxalate, di-n-butyl oxalate, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate N-butyl lactate, n-amyl lactate, ethylene glycol methyl ether propionate, ethylene glycol ethyl ether propionate, ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol methyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol ethyl Ether acetate, diethylene glycol-n-butyl ether acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, propylene glycol ethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol propyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol ethyl ether acetate, γ-butyrolactone ester solvents such as γ-valerolactone and the like; Acetonitrile, N-methylpyrrolidinone, N-ethylpyrrolidinone, N-propylpyrrolidinone, N-butylpyrrolidinone, N-hexylpyrrolidinone, N-cyclohexylpyrrolidinone, N, N- Aprotic polar solvents such as dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide; Methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, n-butanol, i-butanol, sec-butanol, t-butanol, n-pentanol, i-pentanol, 2-methylbutanol, sec-pentanol, t- Pentanol, 3-methoxybutanol, n-hexanol, 2-methylpentanol, sec-hexanol, 2-ethylbutanol, sec-heptanol, n-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, sec-octanol , n-nonyl alcohol, n-decanol, sec-undecyl alcohol, trimethylnonyl alcohol, sec-tetradecyl alcohol, sec-heptadecyl alcohol, phenol, cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, Alcohol solvents such as 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol; Ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-hexyl ether, Glycol monoether solvents such as ethoxytriglycol, tetraethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether and tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether; terpene-based solvents such as α-terpinene, α-terpineol, myrsen, allocymen, limonene, dipentene, α-pinene, β-pinene, terpineol, carbon, ocymen, and pelandene; Water can be heard. These are used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
n 형 확산층 형성 조성물로 했을 경우, 기판에 대한 도포성의 관점에서, α-테르피네올, 디에틸렌글리콜모노-n-부틸에테르, 아세트산2-(2-부톡시에톡시)에틸이 바람직하다.When it is set as an n type diffused layer formation composition, from a viewpoint of applicability | paintability to a board | substrate, (alpha)-terpineol, diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, and 2- (2-butoxyethoxy) ethyl acetate are preferable.
n 형 확산층 형성 조성물 중의 분산매의 함유 비율은, 도포성, 도너 농도를 고려하여 결정된다.The content rate of the dispersion medium in an n type diffused layer formation composition is determined in consideration of applicability and donor concentration.
n 형 확산층 형성 조성물의 점도는, 도포성을 고려하여 10 mPa·s 이상 1000000 mPa·s 이하인 것이 바람직하고, 50 mPa·s 이상 500000 mPa·s 이하인 것이 보다 바람직하다.It is preferable that it is 10 mPa * s or more and 1000000 mPa * s or less, and, as for the viscosity of an n type diffused layer formation composition, it is more preferable that it is 50 mPa * s or more and 500000 mPa * s or less.
다음으로, 본 발명의 n 형 확산층 및 태양 전지 소자의 제조 방법에 대해, 도 1 을 참조하면서 설명한다. 도 1 은 본 발명의 태양 전지 소자의 제조 공정의 일례를 개념적으로 나타내는 모식 단면도이다. 이후의 도면에 있어서는, 공통되는 구성 요소에 동일한 부호를 부여한다.Next, the manufacturing method of the n type diffused layer and solar cell element of this invention is demonstrated, referring FIG. 1: is a schematic cross section which shows notionally an example of the manufacturing process of the solar cell element of this invention. In subsequent drawings, the same reference numerals are given to common components.
도 1 (1) 에서는, p 형 반도체 기판 (10) 인 실리콘 기판에 알칼리 용액을 부여하여 데미지층을 제거하고, 텍스처 구조를 에칭에 의해 얻는다.In FIG. 1 (1), an alkali solution is given to the silicon substrate which is the p-
상세하게는, 잉곳에서 슬라이스했을 때에 발생하는 실리콘 표면의 데미지층을 20 질량% 가성 소다로 제거한다. 이어서 1 질량% 가성 소다와 10 질량% 이소프로필알코올의 혼합액에 의해 에칭을 실시하여, 텍스처 구조를 형성한다 (도 중에서는 텍스처 구조의 기재를 생략한다). 태양 전지 소자는 수광면 (표면) 측에 텍스처 구조를 형성함으로써, 광 가둠 효과가 촉진되어 고효율화가 도모된다.Specifically, the damage layer on the silicon surface generated when sliced in an ingot is removed with 20 mass% caustic soda. Subsequently, etching is performed with a mixed solution of 1% by mass caustic soda and 10% by mass isopropyl alcohol to form a texture structure (the description of the texture structure is omitted in the figure). The solar cell element forms a texture structure on the light-receiving surface (surface) side, thereby facilitating the light confinement effect and achieving high efficiency.
도 1 (2) 에서는, p 형 반도체 기판 (10) 의 표면, 즉 수광면이 되는 면에 상기 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 도포하여, n 형 확산층 형성 조성물층 (11) 을 형성한다. 본 발명에서는 도포 방법에는 제한이 없지만, 예를 들어, 인쇄법, 스핀법, 브러시 도포, 스프레이법, 닥터 블레이드법, 롤 코터법, 잉크젯법 등이 있다.In FIG. 1 (2), the said n type diffused layer formation composition is apply | coated to the surface of the p-
상기 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물의 도포량으로는 특별히 제한은 없다. 예를 들어, 유리 분말량으로서 0.01 g/㎡ ∼ 100 g/㎡ 로 할 수 있고, 0.1 g/㎡ ∼ 10 g/㎡ 인 것이 바람직하다.There is no restriction | limiting in particular as an application quantity of the said n type diffused layer formation composition. For example, it can be 0.01 g / m <2> -100g / m <2> as glass powder amount, and it is preferable that they are 0.1 g / m <2> -10g / m <2>.
또한, n 형 확산층 형성 조성물의 조성에 따라서는, 도포 후에 조성물 중에 함유되는 용제를 휘발시키기 위한 건조 공정을 형성해도 된다. 이 경우에는, 80 ℃ ∼ 300 ℃ 정도의 온도에서 핫 플레이트를 사용하는 경우에는 1 분 ∼ 10 분, 건조기 등을 사용하는 경우에는 10 분 ∼ 30 분 정도로 건조시킨다. 이 건조 조건은 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물의 용제 조성에 의존하고 있으며, 본 발명에서는 특별히 상기 조건에 한정되지 않는다.Moreover, depending on the composition of an n type diffused layer formation composition, you may provide the drying process for volatilizing the solvent contained in a composition after application | coating. In this case, when using a hotplate at the temperature of about 80 degreeC-300 degreeC, when it uses for 1 minute-10 minutes, and a dryer etc., it dries about 10 minutes-30 minutes. These drying conditions depend on the solvent composition of an n type diffused layer formation composition, and are not specifically limited to the said conditions in this invention.
또, 본 발명의 제조 방법을 사용하는 경우에는, 이면의 p+ 형 확산층 (고농도 전계층) (14) 의 제조 방법은 알루미늄에 의한 n 형 확산층으로부터 p 형 확산층으로의 변환에 의한 방법에 한정되지 않고, 종래 공지된 어느 방법도 채용할 수 있어, 제조 방법의 선택지가 넓어진다. 따라서, 예를 들어, B (보론) 등의 제 13 족 원소를 함유하는 조성물을 부여하여 조성물층 (13) 을 형성하고, 고농도 전계층 (14) 을 형성할 수 있다.Moreover, when using the manufacturing method of this invention, the manufacturing method of the p <+> type diffused layer (high concentration electric field layer) 14 of the back surface is not limited to the method by the conversion from the n type diffused layer by aluminum to a p type diffused layer. Instead, any conventionally known method can be employed, and the choice of the production method becomes wider. Therefore, for example, the composition containing the
상기 B (보론) 등의 제 13 족 원소를 함유하는 조성물 (13) 로는, 예를 들어, 도너 원소를 함유하는 유리 분말 대신에 억셉터 원소를 함유하는 유리 분말을 사용하여, n 형 확산층 형성 조성물과 동일하게 하여 구성되는 p 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 들 수 있다. 억셉터 원소는 제 13 족 원소이면 되고, 예를 들어, B (보론), Al (알루미늄) 및 Ga (갈륨) 등을 들 수 있다. 또, 억셉터 원소를 함유하는 유리 분말은 B2O3, Al2O3 및 Ga2O3 에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종을 함유하는 것이 바람직하다.As the
또한, p 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 실리콘 기판의 이면에 부여하는 방법은, 앞에 기술된 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 실리콘 기판 상에 도포하는 방법과 동일하다.In addition, the method of giving a p type diffused layer formation composition to the back surface of a silicon substrate is the same as the method of apply | coating the n type diffused layer formation composition described above on a silicon substrate.
이면에 부여된 p 형 확산층 형성 조성물을, 후술하는 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물에 있어서의 열확산 처리와 동일하게 열확산 처리함으로써, 이면에 고농도 전계층 (14) 을 형성할 수 있다. 또한, p 형 확산층 형성 조성물의 열확산 처리는 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물의 열확산 처리와 동시에 실시하는 것이 바람직하다.The high concentration
이어서, 상기 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물층 (11) 을 형성한 반도체 기판 (10) 을 600 ℃ ∼ 1200 ℃ 에서 열확산 처리한다. 이 열확산 처리에 의해, 도 1 (3) 에 나타내는 바와 같이, 반도체 기판 중으로 도너 원소가 확산되어, n 형 확산층 (12) 이 형성된다. 열확산 처리에는 공지된 연속로, 배치로 등을 적용할 수 있다. 또, 열확산 처리시의 노 내 분위기는, 필요에 따라, 공기, 산소, 질소 등으로 적절히 조정할 수도 있다.Next, the thermal-diffusion process of the
열확산 처리 시간은 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물에 함유되는 도너 원소 함유율이나, 유리 분말의 연화 온도 등에 따라 적절히 선택할 수 있다. 예를 들어, 1 분간 ∼ 60 분간으로 할 수 있고, 2 분간 ∼ 30 분간인 것이 보다 바람직하다.The thermal diffusion treatment time can be appropriately selected depending on the donor element content in the n-type diffusion layer forming composition, the softening temperature of the glass powder, and the like. For example, it can be made into 1 minute-60 minutes, and it is more preferable that they are 2 minutes-30 minutes.
형성된 n 형 확산층 (12) 의 표면에는 인산 유리 등의 유리층 (도시 생략) 이 형성되어 있기 때문에, 이 유리층을 에칭에 의해 제거한다. 에칭으로는, 불화수소산 등의 산에 침지하는 방법, 가성 소다 등의 알칼리에 침지하는 방법 등 공지된 방법을 적용할 수 있다.Since a glass layer (not shown), such as phosphate glass, is formed in the surface of the formed n type diffused
도 1 (2) 및 (3) 에 나타내는, 본 발명의 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물층 (11) 을 사용하여 n 형 확산층 (12) 을 형성하는 본 발명의 n 형 확산층의 형성 방법에서는, 원하는 부위에만 n 형 확산층 (12) 이 형성되고, 이면이나 측면에는 불필요한 n 형 확산층이 형성되지 않는다.In the formation method of the n type diffused layer of this invention which forms the n type diffused
따라서, 종래 널리 채용되어 있는 기상 반응법에 의해 n 형 확산층을 형성하는 방법에서는, 측면에 형성된 불필요한 n 형 확산층을 제거하기 위한 사이드 에칭 공정이 필수였지만, 본 발명의 제조 방법에 의하면, 사이드 에칭 공정이 불필요해져, 공정이 간이화된다.Therefore, in the method for forming the n-type diffusion layer by a gas phase reaction method widely employed in the related art, the side etching step for removing the unnecessary n-type diffusion layer formed on the side surface is essential, but according to the manufacturing method of the present invention, the side etching step This becomes unnecessary and the process is simplified.
또, 종래의 제조 방법에서는, 이면에 형성된 불필요한 n 형 확산층을 p 형 확산층으로 변환할 필요가 있으며, 이 변환 방법으로는, 이면의 n 형 확산층에 제 13 족 원소인 알루미늄의 페이스트를 도포, 소성하여, n 형 확산층에 알루미늄을 확산시켜 p 형 확산층으로 변환하는 방법이 채용되고 있다. 이 방법에 있어서 p 형 확산층으로의 변환을 충분한 것으로 하고, 또한 p+ 형 확산층의 고농도 전계층을 형성하기 위해서는 어느 정도 이상의 알루미늄량이 필요하기 때문에, 알루미늄층을 두껍게 형성할 필요가 있었다. 그러나, 알루미늄의 열팽창률은 기판으로서 사용하는 실리콘의 열팽창률과 크게 상이하기 때문에, 소성 및 냉각의 과정에서 실리콘 기판 중에 큰 내부 응력을 발생시켜, 실리콘 기판의 휨의 원인이 되고 있었다.Moreover, in the conventional manufacturing method, it is necessary to convert the unnecessary n type diffused layer formed in the back surface into a p type diffused layer, In this conversion method, the paste of aluminum which is a
이 내부 응력은 결정의 결정입계에 손상을 주어, 전력 손실이 커진다는 과제가 있었다. 또, 휨은, 모듈 공정에 있어서의 태양 전지 소자의 반송이나, 탭선이라고 불리는 구리선과의 접속에 있어서, 태양 전지 소자를 쉽게 파손시키고 있었다. 최근에는 슬라이스 가공 기술의 향상으로 실리콘 기판의 두께가 박형화되고 있어, 더욱 태양 전지 소자가 균열되기 쉬운 경향이 있다.This internal stress damages the grain boundaries of the crystals, resulting in a problem of increased power loss. Moreover, the curvature easily damaged the solar cell element in conveyance of the solar cell element in a module process, or connection with the copper wire called a tab wire. In recent years, the thickness of a silicon substrate is thinned by the improvement of the slice processing technique, and there exists a tendency for a solar cell element to become easy to crack more.
그러나 본 발명의 제조 방법에 의하면, 이면에 불필요한 n 형 확산층이 형성되지 않기 때문에, n 형 확산층으로부터 p 형 확산층으로의 변환을 실시할 필요가 없어져, 알루미늄층을 두껍게 할 필연성이 없어진다. 그 결과, 실리콘 기판 내의 내부 응력의 발생이나 휨을 억제할 수 있다. 결과적으로, 전력 손실의 증대나 태양 전지 소자의 파손을 억제하는 것이 가능해진다.However, according to the manufacturing method of this invention, since an unnecessary n type diffused layer is not formed in a back surface, it is not necessary to convert from an n type diffused layer to a p type diffused layer, and there is no inevitable thing to thicken an aluminum layer. As a result, generation and warpage of internal stress in the silicon substrate can be suppressed. As a result, it is possible to suppress an increase in power loss and damage of the solar cell element.
또, 본 발명의 제조 방법을 사용하는 경우에는, 이면의 p+ 형 확산층 (고농도 전계층) (14) 의 제조 방법은 알루미늄에 의한 n 형 확산층으로부터 p 형 확산층으로의 변환에 의한 방법에 한정되지 않고, 종래 공지된 어느 방법도 채용할 수 있어, 제조 방법의 선택지가 넓어진다.Moreover, when using the manufacturing method of this invention, the manufacturing method of the p <+> type diffused layer (high concentration electric field layer) 14 of the back surface is not limited to the method by the conversion from the n type diffused layer by aluminum to a p type diffused layer. Instead, any conventionally known method can be employed, and the choice of the production method becomes wider.
예를 들어, 도너 원소를 함유하는 유리 분말 대신에 억셉터 원소를 함유하는 유리 분말을 사용하여, n 형 확산층 형성 조성물과 동일하게 하여 구성되는 p 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 실리콘 기판의 이면 (n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 도포한 면과는 반대측의 면) 에 도포하고, 소성 처리함으로써, 이면에 p+ 형 확산층 (고농도 전계층) (14) 을 형성하는 것이 바람직하다.For example, using the glass powder containing an acceptor element instead of the glass powder containing a donor element, the p type diffused layer formation composition comprised similarly to an n type diffused layer formation composition was made into the back surface (n type diffused layer) of a silicon substrate. It is preferable to form the p + type diffusion layer (high concentration electric field layer) 14 on the back surface by applying the coating composition to the surface on the side opposite to the surface on which the forming composition is applied) and firing.
또, 후술하는 바와 같이, 이면의 표면 전극 (20) 에 사용하는 재료는 제 13 족 알루미늄에 한정되지 않고, 예를 들어 Ag (은) 나 Cu (구리) 등을 적용할 수 있으며, 이면의 표면 전극 (20) 의 두께도 종래의 것보다 얇게 형성하는 것이 가능해진다.In addition, as will be described later, the material used for the
도 1 (4) 에서는 n 형 확산층 (12) 상에 반사 방지막 (16) 을 형성한다. 반사 방지막 (16) 은 공지된 기술을 적용하여 형성된다. 예를 들어, 반사 방지막 (16) 이 실리콘질화막인 경우에는, SiH4 와 NH3 의 혼합 가스를 원료로 하는 플라스마 CVD 법에 의해 형성한다. 이 때, 수소가 결정 중에 확산되어, 실리콘 원자의 결합에 기여하지 않는 궤도, 즉 댕글링 본드와 수소가 결합하여, 결함을 불활성화 (수소 패시베이션) 한다.In FIG. 1 (4), the antireflection film 16 is formed on the n type diffused
보다 구체적으로는, 상기 혼합 가스 유량비 NH3/SiH4 가 0.05 ∼ 1.0, 반응실의 압력이 0.1 Torr ∼ 2 Torr, 성막시의 온도가 300 ℃ ∼ 550 ℃, 플라스마의 방전을 위한 주파수가 100 ㎑ 이상인 조건하에서 형성된다.More specifically, the mixed gas flow rate ratio NH 3 / SiH 4 is 0.05 to 1.0, the pressure in the reaction chamber is 0.1 Torr to 2 Torr, the temperature at the time of film formation is 300 ° C to 550 ° C, and the frequency for plasma discharge is 100 Hz. It is formed under the above conditions.
도 1 (5) 에서는 표면 (수광면) 의 반사 방지막 (16) 상에 표면 전극용 금속 페이스트를 스크린 인쇄법으로 인쇄 도포 건조시켜, 표면 전극 (18) 을 형성한다. 표면 전극용 금속 페이스트는, (1) 금속 입자와 (2) 유리 입자를 필수 성분으로 하고, 필요에 따라 (3) 수지 바인더, (4) 그 밖의 첨가제 등을 함유한다.In FIG. 1 (5), the surface electrode metal paste is printed-coated and dried by the screen printing method on the antireflection film 16 of the surface (light receiving surface), and the
이어서, 상기 이면의 고농도 전계층 (14) 상에도 이면 전극 (20) 을 형성한다. 전술한 바와 같이, 본 발명에서는 이면 전극 (20) 의 재질이나 형성 방법은 특별히 한정되지 않는다. 예를 들어, 알루미늄, 은, 구리 등의 금속을 함유하는 이면 전극용 페이스트를 도포하고, 건조시켜, 이면 전극 (20) 을 형성해도 된다. 이 때, 이면에도 모듈 공정에 있어서의 태양 전지 소자간의 접속을 위해서, 일부에 은 전극 형성용 은 페이스트를 형성해도 된다.Subsequently, the
도 1 (6) 에서는 전극을 소성하여 태양 전지 소자를 완성시킨다. 600 ℃ ∼ 900 ℃ 의 범위에서 수 초 ∼ 수 분간 소성하면, 표면측에서는 전극용 금속 페이스트에 함유되는 유리 입자에 의해 절연막인 반사 방지막 (16) 이 용융되고, 또한 실리콘 (10) 표면도 일부 용융되어, 페이스트 중의 금속 입자 (예를 들어, 은 입자) 가 실리콘 기판 (10) 과 접촉부를 형성하여 응고된다. 이로써, 형성된 표면 전극 (18) 과 실리콘 기판 (10) 이 도통된다. 이것은 파이어스루라고 칭해지고 있다.In FIG. 1 (6), an electrode is baked and a solar cell element is completed. When firing for several seconds to several minutes in the range of 600 degreeC-900 degreeC, on the surface side, the antireflection film 16 which is an insulating film is melted by the glass particle contained in the metal paste for electrodes, and the surface of the
표면 전극 (18) 의 형상에 대해 설명한다. 표면 전극 (18) 은, 버스 바 전극 (30), 및 그 버스 바 전극 (30) 과 교차하고 있는 핑거 전극 (32) 으로 구성된다. 도 2a 는 표면 전극 (18) 을 버스 바 전극 (30), 및 그 버스 바 전극 (30) 과 교차하고 있는 핑거 전극 (32) 으로 이루어지는 구성으로 한 태양 전지 소자를 표면으로부터 본 평면도이고, 도 2b 는 도 2a 의 일부를 확대하여 나타내는 사시도이다.The shape of the
이와 같은 표면 전극 (18) 은, 예를 들어, 상기 서술한 금속 페이스트의 스크린 인쇄, 또는 전극 재료의 도금, 고진공 중에 있어서의 전자빔 가열에 의한 전극 재료의 증착 등의 수단에 의해 형성할 수 있다. 버스 바 전극 (30) 과 핑거 전극 (32) 으로 이루어지는 표면 전극 (18) 은 수광면측의 전극으로서 일반적으로 사용되고 있어 주지된 것이며, 수광면측의 버스 바 전극 및 핑거 전극의 공지된 형성 수단을 적용할 수 있다.
상기에서는 표면에 n 형 확산층, 이면에 p+ 형 확산층을 형성하고, 또한 각각의 층 상에 표면 전극 및 이면 전극을 형성한 태양 전지 소자에 대해 설명했는데, 본 발명의 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 사용하면 백 컨택트형의 태양 전지 소자를 제조할 수도 있다.In the above, the solar cell element which provided the n type diffused layer on the surface and the p + type diffused layer on the back surface, and provided the surface electrode and the back electrode on each layer was demonstrated, The n type diffused layer formation composition of this invention was used. The back contact solar cell device can also be manufactured.
백 컨택트형의 태양 전지 소자는 전극을 모두 이면에 형성하여 수광면의 면적을 크게 하는 것이다. 요컨대, 백 컨택트형의 태양 전지 소자에서는 이면에 n 형 확산 부위 및 p+ 형 확산 부위의 양쪽을 형성하여 pn 접합 구조로 할 필요가 있다. 본 발명의 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물은 특정 부위에만 n 형 확산 부위를 형성하는 것이 가능하고, 따라서 백 컨택트형의 태양 전지 소자의 제조에 바람직하게 적용할 수 있다.In the solar cell element of the back contact type, all electrodes are formed in the back surface, and the area of a light receiving surface is enlarged. In short, in the back contact solar cell device, it is necessary to form both the n-type diffusion site and the p + -type diffusion site on the back surface to form a pn junction structure. The n type diffused layer formation composition of this invention can form an n type diffused part only in a specific site | part, and therefore can apply it suitably for manufacture of a solar cell element of a back contact type.
또한, 일본 특허 출원 2010-100226호의 개시는 그 전체가 참조에 의해 본 명세서에 도입된다.In addition, as for the indication of the Japan patent application 2010-100226, the whole is taken in into this specification by reference.
본 명세서에 기재된 모든 문헌, 특허 출원 및 기술 규격은, 개개의 문헌, 특허 출원, 및 기술 규격이 참조에 의해 도입되는 것이 구체적이면서 또한 개개에 기록된 경우와 동일한 정도로, 본 명세서 중에 참조에 의해 도입된다.All documents, patent applications, and technical specifications described herein are incorporated by reference in this specification to the same extent as if the individual documents, patent applications, and technical specifications were specifically incorporated by reference and recorded in the individual. do.
실시예Example
이하, 본 발명의 실시예를 더욱 구체적으로 설명하는데, 본 발명은 이들 실시예에 제한되는 것은 아니다. 또한, 특별히 기술이 없는 한, 약품은 모두 시약을 사용하였다. 또, 「%」는 언급이 없는 한 「질량%」를 의미한다.Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described in more detail, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In addition, unless otherwise stated, all chemicals used reagents. In addition, "%" means "mass%" unless there is a notice.
[실시예 1]Example 1
입자 형상이 대략 구상이고, 평균 입자경이 3.5 ㎛ 인 P2O5-CeO2 계 유리 (P2O5 : 39.6 %, CeO2 : 10 %, BaO : 10.4 %, MoO3 : 10 %, ZnO : 30 %) 분말 20 g 과, 에틸셀룰로오스 0.3 g 과, 아세트산2-(2-부톡시에톡시)에틸 7 g 을 자동 유발 혼련 장치를 사용하여 혼합해서 페이스트화하여, n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 조제하였다.P 2 O 5 -CeO 2 with a substantially spherical particle shape and an average particle diameter of 3.5 μm System glass (P 2 O 5 : 39.6%, CeO 2 : 10%, BaO: 10.4%, MoO 3 : 10%, ZnO: 30%) 20 g of powder, 0.3 g of ethyl cellulose, acetic acid 2- (2- 7 g of butoxyethoxy) ethyl was mixed and pasted using an automatic triggering kneading apparatus to prepare an n-type diffusion layer forming composition.
(주) 시마즈 제작소 제조 열분석 장치 (TG-DTA, DTG60H 형, 측정 조건 : 승온 속도 20 ℃/분, 공기류량 100 ㎖/분) 로 상기 P2O5-CeO2 계 유리 분말을 열분석한 결과, 연화 온도는 520 ℃ 였다.Shimazu Co., Ltd. thermal analysis device (TG-DTA, DTG60H type, measurement conditions:
또, 결정화 온도는 열분석 장치의 측정 범위를 초과하고 있으며, 1100 ℃ 이상이었다.Moreover, crystallization temperature exceeded the measurement range of a thermal analysis apparatus, and was 1100 degreeC or more.
또한, 유리 입자 형상은 (주) 히타치 하이테크놀로지스 제조 TM-1000 형 주사형 전자 현미경을 사용하여 관찰해서 판정하였다. 유리의 평균 입자경은 벡크만·쿨터 (주) 제조 LS 13 320 형 레이저 산란 회절법 입도 분포 측정 장치 (측정 파장 : 632 ㎚) 를 사용하여 산출하였다.In addition, the glass particle shape was observed and determined using the Hitachi High-Technologies TM-1000 type scanning electron microscope. The average particle diameter of glass was computed using the Beckman Coulter Co., Ltd. product LS13320 type laser scattering diffraction method particle size distribution measuring apparatus (measurement wavelength: 632 nm).
다음으로, 조제한 페이스트 (n 형 확산층 형성 조성물) 를 스크린 인쇄에 의해 p 형 실리콘 기판 표면에 도포하고, 150 ℃ 의 핫 플레이트 상에서 5 분간 건조시켰다. 계속해서, 1000 ℃ 로 설정한 전기로에서 10 분간 열확산 처리를 실시하고, 그 후 유리층을 제거하기 위해 기판을 10 % 불화수소산에 5 분간 침지하여, 유수 세정을 실시하였다. 그 후, 건조를 실시하였다.Next, the prepared paste (n type diffused layer formation composition) was apply | coated to the p-type silicon substrate surface by screen printing, and it dried for 5 minutes on the 150 degreeC hotplate. Subsequently, thermal diffusion treatment was performed for 10 minutes in an electric furnace set at 1000 ° C, and then, the substrate was immersed in 10% hydrofluoric acid for 5 minutes to remove the glass layer, followed by running water washing. Thereafter, drying was performed.
n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 도포한 측의 표면의 시트 저항은 45 Ω/□ 이며, P (인) 가 확산되어 n 형 확산층이 형성되어 있었다. 한편, 이면을 포함한 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물이 도포되어 있지 않았던 부분의 시트 저항은 지나치게 커서 측정 불능이며, 또 n 형 확산층은 실질적으로 형성되어 있지 않다고 판단되었다. 평가 결과를 표 1 에 나타낸다.The sheet resistance of the surface of the side which apply | coated the n type diffused layer formation composition was 45 ohms / square, P (phosphorus) was spread | diffused and the n type diffused layer was formed. On the other hand, the sheet resistance of the part in which the n type diffused layer formation composition containing the back surface was not apply | coated was too large and it was impossible to measure, and it was judged that the n type diffused layer was not formed substantially. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
또한, 시트 저항은 미츠비시 화학 (주) 제조 Loresta-EP MCP-T360 형 저저항률계를 사용하여 4 탐침법에 의해 측정하였다.In addition, sheet resistance was measured by the four probe method using the Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Loresta-EP MCP-T360 type | mold low resistivity meter.
[실시예 2][Example 2]
열확산 처리 시간을 15 분으로 한 것 이외에는 실시예 1 과 마찬가지로 n 형 확산층 형성을 실시하였다. n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 도포한 측의 표면의 시트 저항은 30 Ω/□ 이며, P (인) 가 확산되어 n 형 확산층이 형성되어 있었다.An n type diffused layer was formed like Example 1 except having made thermal-diffusion process time into 15 minutes. The sheet resistance of the surface of the side which apply | coated the n type diffused layer formation composition was 30 ohms / square, P (phosphorus) was spread | diffused and the n type diffused layer was formed.
한편, 이면을 포함한 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물이 도포되어 있지 않았던 부분의 시트 저항은 지나치게 커서 측정 불능이며, 또 n 형 확산층은 실질적으로 형성되어 있지 않다고 판단되었다.On the other hand, the sheet resistance of the part in which the n type diffused layer formation composition containing the back surface was not apply | coated was too large and it was impossible to measure, and it was judged that the n type diffused layer was not formed substantially.
[실시예 3][Example 3]
열확산 처리 시간을 30 분으로 한 것 이외에는 실시예 1 과 마찬가지로 n 형 확산층 형성을 실시하였다. n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 도포한 측의 표면의 시트 저항은 17 Ω/□ 이며, P (인) 가 확산되어 n 형 확산층이 형성되어 있었다.An n type diffused layer was formed like Example 1 except having made thermal-diffusion process time into 30 minutes. The sheet resistance of the surface of the side which apply | coated the n type diffused layer formation composition was 17 ohms / square, P (phosphorus) was spread | diffused and the n type diffused layer was formed.
한편, 이면을 포함한 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물이 도포되어 있지 않았던 부분의 시트 저항은 지나치게 커서 측정 불능이며, 또 n 형 확산층은 실질적으로 형성되어 있지 않다고 판단되었다.On the other hand, the sheet resistance of the part in which the n type diffused layer formation composition containing the back surface was not apply | coated was too large and it was impossible to measure, and it was judged that the n type diffused layer was not formed substantially.
[실시예 4]Example 4
유리 분말을 입자 형상이 대략 구상이고, 평균 입자경이 3.2 ㎛ 인 P2O5-ZnO 계 유리 (P2O5 : 40 %, ZnO : 40 %, CeO2 : 10 %, MgO : 5 %, CaO : 5 %) 로 한 것 이외에는 실시예 1 과 동일하게 하여 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 조제하고, 이것을 사용하여 n 형 확산층 형성을 실시하였다. 또한, 유리 분말의 연화 온도는 480 ℃ 였다. 또, 결정화 온도는 열분석 장치의 측정 범위를 초과하고 있으며, 1100 ℃ 이상이었다.P 2 O 5 -ZnO-based glass (P 2 O 5 : 40%, ZnO: 40%, CeO 2 : 10%, MgO: 5%, CaO) having a glass powder having a substantially spherical particle shape and an average particle diameter of 3.2 μm : 5%), The n type diffused layer formation composition was prepared like Example 1, and the n type diffused layer formation was performed using this. In addition, the softening temperature of the glass powder was 480 degreeC. Moreover, crystallization temperature exceeded the measurement range of a thermal analysis apparatus, and was 1100 degreeC or more.
n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 도포한 측의 표면의 시트 저항은 41 Ω/□ 이며, P (인) 가 확산되어 n 형 확산층이 형성되어 있었다.The sheet resistance of the surface of the side which apply | coated the n type diffused layer formation composition was 41 ohms / square, P (phosphorus) was spread | diffused and the n type diffused layer was formed.
한편, 이면을 포함한 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물이 도포되어 있지 않았던 부분의 시트 저항은 지나치게 커서 측정 불능이며, 또 n 형 확산층은 실질적으로 형성되어 있지 않다고 판단되었다.On the other hand, the sheet resistance of the part in which the n type diffused layer formation composition containing the back surface was not apply | coated was too large and it was impossible to measure, and it was judged that the n type diffused layer was not formed substantially.
[실시예 5][Example 5]
유리 분말을 입자 형상이 대략 구상이고, 평균 입자경이 3.2 ㎛ 인 P2O5-SiO2 계 유리 (P2O5 : 30 %, SiO2 : 50 %, CeO2 : 10 %, ZnO : 10 %) 로 한 것 이외에는 실시예 1 과 동일하게 하여 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 조제하고, 이것을 사용하여 n 형 확산층 형성을 실시하였다. 또한, 상기 유리 분말의 연화 온도는 610 ℃ 였다. 또, 결정화 온도는 열분석 장치의 측정 범위를 초과하고 있으며, 1100 ℃ 이상이었다.P 2 O 5 -SiO 2 having glass particles of approximately spherical shape and an average particle diameter of 3.2 μm. Based glass (P 2 O 5: 30% , SiO 2: 50%, CeO 2: 10%, ZnO: 10%) , would be other than the embodiment to prepare a n-type diffusion layer-forming composition in the same manner as in Example 1, using this as a N-type diffusion layer was formed. In addition, the softening temperature of the said glass powder was 610 degreeC. Moreover, crystallization temperature exceeded the measurement range of a thermal analysis apparatus, and was 1100 degreeC or more.
n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 도포한 측의 표면의 시트 저항은 48 Ω/□ 이며, P (인) 가 확산되어 n 형 확산층이 형성되어 있었다.The sheet resistance of the surface of the side which apply | coated the n type diffused layer formation composition was 48 ohms / square, P (phosphorus) was spread | diffused and the n type diffused layer was formed.
한편, 이면을 포함한 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물이 도포되어 있지 않았던 부분의 시트 저항은 지나치게 커서 측정 불능이며, 또 n 형 확산층은 실질적으로 형성되어 있지 않다고 판단되었다.On the other hand, the sheet resistance of the part in which the n type diffused layer formation composition containing the back surface was not apply | coated was too large and it was impossible to measure, and it was judged that the n type diffused layer was not formed substantially.
[실시예 6][Example 6]
열확산 처리 시간을 30 분으로 한 것 이외에는 실시예 5 와 마찬가지로 n 형 확산층 형성을 실시하였다. n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 도포한 측의 표면의 시트 저항은 30 Ω/□ 이며, P (인) 가 확산되어 n 형 확산층이 형성되어 있었다.An n type diffused layer was formed like Example 5 except having made thermal-diffusion process time into 30 minutes. The sheet resistance of the surface of the side which apply | coated the n type diffused layer formation composition was 30 ohms / square, P (phosphorus) was spread | diffused and the n type diffused layer was formed.
한편, 이면을 포함한 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물이 도포되어 있지 않았던 부분의 시트 저항은 지나치게 커서 측정 불능이며, 또 n 형 확산층은 실질적으로 형성되어 있지 않다고 판단되었다.On the other hand, the sheet resistance of the part in which the n type diffused layer formation composition containing the back surface was not apply | coated was too large and it was impossible to measure, and it was judged that the n type diffused layer was not formed substantially.
[실시예 7][Example 7]
유리 분말을 입자 형상이 대략 구상이고, 평균 입자경이 3.2 ㎛ 인 P2O5-PbO 계 유리 (P2O5 : 30 %, PbO : 50 %, ZnO : 20 %) 로 한 것 이외에는 실시예 1 과 동일하게 하여 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 조제하고, 이것을 사용하여 n 형 확산층 형성을 실시하였다. 또한, 유리 분말의 연화 온도는 330 ℃ 였다. 또, 결정화 온도는 열분석 장치의 측정 범위를 초과하고 있으며, 1100 ℃ 이상이었다.And a substantially spherical glass powder particle shape, the P 2 O having an average particle size of 3.2 ㎛ 5 -PbO based glass (P 2 O 5: 30% , PbO: 50%, ZnO: 20%) was the exception of Example 1 In the same manner as in the above, an n-type diffusion layer forming composition was prepared, and an n-type diffusion layer was formed using this. In addition, the softening temperature of the glass powder was 330 degreeC. Moreover, crystallization temperature exceeded the measurement range of a thermal analysis apparatus, and was 1100 degreeC or more.
n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 도포한 측의 표면의 시트 저항은 15 Ω/□ 이며, P (인) 가 확산되어 n 형 확산층이 형성되어 있었다. The sheet resistance of the surface of the side which apply | coated the n type diffused layer formation composition was 15 ohms / square, P (phosphorus) was spread | diffused and the n type diffused layer was formed.
한편, 이면을 포함한 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물이 도포되어 있지 않았던 부분의 시트 저항은 지나치게 커서 측정 불능이며, 또 실질적으로 형성되어 있지 않다고 판단되었다.On the other hand, the sheet resistance of the part in which the n type diffused layer formation composition containing the back surface was not apply | coated was too large and it was impossible to measure, and it was judged that it was not formed substantially.
[실시예 8][Example 8]
유리 분말을 입자 형상이 대략 구상이고, 평균 입자경이 3.2 ㎛ 인 P2O5-SiO2 계 유리 (P2O5 : 40 %, SiO2 : 10 %, PbO : 30 %, ZnO : 10 %, CaO : 10 %) 로 한 것 이외에는 실시예 1 과 동일하게 하여 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 조제하고, 이것을 사용하여 n 형 확산층 형성을 실시하였다. 또한, 유리 분말의 연화 온도는 360 ℃ 였다. 또, 결정화 온도는 열분석 장치의 측정 범위를 초과하고 있으며, 1100 ℃ 이상이었다.P 2 O 5 -SiO 2 -based glass (P 2 O 5 : 40%, SiO 2 : 10%, PbO: 30%, ZnO: 10%) having a glass powder having a substantially spherical particle shape and an average particle diameter of 3.2 µm. An n type diffused layer formation composition was prepared like Example 1 except having set to CaO: 10%), and n type diffused layer formation was performed using this. In addition, the softening temperature of the glass powder was 360 degreeC. Moreover, crystallization temperature exceeded the measurement range of a thermal analysis apparatus, and was 1100 degreeC or more.
n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 도포한 측의 표면의 시트 저항은 21 Ω/□ 이며, P (인) 가 확산되어 n 형 확산층이 형성되어 있었다.The sheet resistance of the surface of the side which apply | coated the n type diffused layer formation composition was 21 ohms / square, P (phosphorus) was spread | diffused and the n type diffused layer was formed.
한편, 이면을 포함한 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물이 도포되어 있지 않았던 부분의 시트 저항은 지나치게 커서 측정 불능이며, 또 n 형 확산층은 실질적으로 형성되어 있지 않다고 판단되었다.On the other hand, the sheet resistance of the part in which the n type diffused layer formation composition containing the back surface was not apply | coated was too large and it was impossible to measure, and it was judged that the n type diffused layer was not formed substantially.
[실시예 9][Example 9]
유리 분말을 입자 형상이 대략 구상이고, 평균 입자경이 3.2 ㎛ 인 P2O5-SiO2 계 유리 (P2O5 : 40 %, SiO2 : 10 %, PbO : 20 %, ZnO : 20 %, NaO : 10 % ) 로 한 것 이외에는 실시예 1 과 동일하게 하여 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 조제하고, 이것을 사용하여 n 형 확산층 형성을 실시하였다. 또한, 유리 분말의 연화 온도는 385 ℃ 였다. 또, 결정화 온도는 열분석 장치의 측정 범위를 초과하고 있으며, 1100 ℃ 이상이었다.P 2 O 5 -SiO 2 -based glass (P 2 O 5 : 40%, SiO 2 : 10%, PbO: 20%, ZnO: 20%) having a glass powder having a substantially spherical particle shape and an average particle diameter of 3.2 µm. An n type diffused layer formation composition was prepared like Example 1 except having set to NaO: 10%), and n type diffused layer formation was performed using this. In addition, the softening temperature of the glass powder was 385 degreeC. Moreover, crystallization temperature exceeded the measurement range of a thermal analysis apparatus, and was 1100 degreeC or more.
n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 도포한 측의 표면의 시트 저항은 25 Ω/□ 이며, P (인) 가 확산되어 n 형 확산층이 형성되어 있었다.The sheet resistance of the surface of the side which apply | coated the n type diffused layer formation composition was 25 ohms / square, P (phosphorus) was spread | diffused and the n type diffused layer was formed.
한편, 이면을 포함한 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물이 도포되어 있지 않았던 부분의 시트 저항은 지나치게 커서 측정 불능이며, 또 n 형 확산층은 실질적으로 형성되어 있지 않다고 판단되었다.On the other hand, the sheet resistance of the part in which the n type diffused layer formation composition containing the back surface was not apply | coated was too large and it was impossible to measure, and it was judged that the n type diffused layer was not formed substantially.
[실시예 10][Example 10]
유리 분말을 입자 형상이 대략 구상이고, 평균 입자경이 3.2 ㎛ 인 P2O5-ZnO 계 유리 (P2O5 : 30 %, ZnO : 40 %, CaO : 20 %, Al2O3 : 10 %) 로 한 것 이외에는 실시예 1 과 동일하게 하여 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 조제하고, 이것을 사용하여 n 형 확산층 형성을 실시하였다. 또한, 유리 분말의 연화 온도는 450 ℃ 였다. 또, 결정화 온도는 열분석 장치의 측정 범위를 초과하고 있으며, 1100 ℃ 이상이었다.P 2 O 5 -ZnO-based glass (P 2 O 5 : 30%, ZnO: 40%, CaO: 20%, Al 2 O 3 : 10%) of glass powder having a substantially spherical particle shape and an average particle diameter of 3.2 μm The n type diffused layer formation composition was prepared like Example 1 except having set to), and n type diffused layer formation was performed using this. In addition, the softening temperature of the glass powder was 450 degreeC. Moreover, crystallization temperature exceeded the measurement range of a thermal analysis apparatus, and was 1100 degreeC or more.
n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 도포한 측의 표면의 시트 저항은 36 Ω/□ 이며, P (인) 가 확산되어 n 형 확산층이 형성되어 있었다.The sheet resistance of the surface of the side which apply | coated the n type diffused layer formation composition was 36 ohms / square, P (phosphorus) was spread | diffused and the n type diffused layer was formed.
한편, 이면을 포함한 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물이 도포되어 있지 않았던 부분의 시트 저항은 지나치게 커서 측정 불능이며, n 형 확산층은 실질적으로 형성되어 있지 않다고 판단되었다.On the other hand, the sheet resistance of the part in which the n type diffused layer formation composition containing the back surface was not apply | coated was too large and it was impossible to measure, and it was judged that the n type diffused layer was not formed substantially.
[실시예 11][Example 11]
유리 분말을 입자 형상이 대략 구상이고, 평균 입자경이 3.2 ㎛ 인 P2O5-SiO2 계 유리 (P2O5 : 50 %, SiO2 : 10 %, ZnO : 30 %, CaO : 10 %) 로 하고, 열확산 처리 시간을 20 분간으로 한 것 이외에는 실시예 1 로 하여 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 조제하고, 이것을 사용하여 동일하게 n 형 확산층 형성을 실시하였다. 또한, 유리 분말의 연화 온도는 610 ℃ 였다. 또, 결정화 온도는 열분석 장치의 측정 범위를 초과하고 있으며, 1100 ℃ 이상이었다.P 2 O 5 -SiO 2 -based glass (P 2 O 5 : 50%, SiO 2 : 10%, ZnO: 30%, CaO: 10%) having a glass powder having a substantially spherical particle shape and an average particle diameter of 3.2 µm. The n type diffused layer formation composition was prepared like Example 1 except having made thermal-diffusion processing time into 20 minutes, and n type diffused layer formation was similarly performed using this. In addition, the softening temperature of the glass powder was 610 degreeC. Moreover, crystallization temperature exceeded the measurement range of a thermal analysis apparatus, and was 1100 degreeC or more.
n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 도포한 측의 표면의 시트 저항은 40 Ω/□ 이며, P (인) 가 확산되어 n 형 확산층이 형성되어 있었다.The sheet resistance of the surface of the side which apply | coated the n type diffused layer formation composition was 40 ohms / square, P (phosphorus) was spread | diffused and the n type diffused layer was formed.
한편, 이면을 포함한 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물이 도포되어 있지 않았던 부분의 시트 저항은 지나치게 커서 측정 불능이며, n 형 확산층은 실질적으로 형성되어 있지 않다고 판단되었다.On the other hand, the sheet resistance of the part in which the n type diffused layer formation composition containing the back surface was not apply | coated was too large and it was impossible to measure, and it was judged that the n type diffused layer was not formed substantially.
[실시예 12][Example 12]
유리 분말을 입자 형상이 대략 구상이고, 평균 입자경이 3.2 ㎛ 인 P2O5-SiO2 계 유리 (P2O5 : 27 %, SiO2 : 58 %, CaO : 15 %) 로 한 것 이외에는 실시예 1 과 동일하게 하여 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 조제하고, 이것을 사용하여 n 형 확산층 형성을 실시하였다. 또한, 유리 분말의 연화 온도는 830 ℃ 였다. 또, 결정화 온도는 열분석 장치의 측정 범위를 초과하고 있으며, 1100 ℃ 이상이었다.Embodiment was the (15% P 2 O 5: 27%, SiO 2:: 58%, CaO) other than the P 2 O 5 -SiO 2 based glass to a glass powder the particle shape is substantially spherical, average particle size of 3.2 ㎛ An n type diffused layer formation composition was prepared like Example 1, and n type diffused layer formation was performed using this. In addition, the softening temperature of the glass powder was 830 degreeC. Moreover, crystallization temperature exceeded the measurement range of a thermal analysis apparatus, and was 1100 degreeC or more.
n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 도포한 측의 표면의 시트 저항은 69 Ω/□ 이며, P (인) 가 확산되어 n 형 확산층이 형성되어 있었다.The sheet resistance of the surface of the side which apply | coated the n type diffused layer formation composition was 69 ohms / square, P (phosphorus) was spread | diffused and the n type diffused layer was formed.
한편, 이면을 포함한 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물이 도포되어 있지 않았던 부분의 시트 저항은 지나치게 커서 측정 불능이며, n 형 확산층은 실질적으로 형성되어 있지 않다고 판단되었다.On the other hand, the sheet resistance of the part in which the n type diffused layer formation composition containing the back surface was not apply | coated was too large and it was impossible to measure, and it was judged that the n type diffused layer was not formed substantially.
[실시예 13][Example 13]
유리 분말을 입자 형상이 대략 구상이고, 평균 입자경이 3.2 ㎛ 인 P2O5-SiO2 계 유리 (P2O5 : 30 %, SiO2 : 60 %, CaO : 10 %) 로 한 것 이외에는 실시예 1 과 동일하게 하여 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 조제하고, 이것을 사용하여 n 형 확산층 형성을 실시하였다. 또한, 유리 분말의 연화 온도는 875 ℃ 였다. 또, 결정화 온도는 열분석 장치의 측정 범위를 초과하고 있으며, 1100 ℃ 이상이었다.Embodiment was the (10% P 2 O 5: 30%, SiO 2:: 60%, CaO) other than the P 2 O 5 -SiO 2 based glass to a glass powder the particle shape is substantially spherical, average particle size of 3.2 ㎛ An n type diffused layer formation composition was prepared like Example 1, and n type diffused layer formation was performed using this. In addition, the softening temperature of the glass powder was 875 degreeC. Moreover, crystallization temperature exceeded the measurement range of a thermal analysis apparatus, and was 1100 degreeC or more.
n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 도포한 측의 표면의 시트 저항은 71 Ω/□ 이며, P (인) 가 확산되어 n 형 확산층이 형성되어 있었다.The sheet resistance of the surface of the side which apply | coated the n type diffused layer formation composition was 71 ohms / square, P (phosphorus) was spread | diffused and the n type diffused layer was formed.
한편, 이면을 포함한 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물이 도포되어 있지 않았던 부분의 시트 저항은 지나치게 커서 측정 불능이며, n 형 확산층은 실질적으로 형성되어 있지 않다고 판단되었다.On the other hand, the sheet resistance of the part in which the n type diffused layer formation composition containing the back surface was not apply | coated was too large and it was impossible to measure, and it was judged that the n type diffused layer was not formed substantially.
[실시예 14][Example 14]
유리 분말을 입자 형상이 대략 구상이고, 평균 입자경이 3.2 ㎛ 인 P2O5-SiO2 계 유리 (P2O5 : 25 %, SiO2 : 65 %, CaO : 5 %, Al2O3 : 5 %) 로 한 것 이외에는 실시예 1 과 동일하게 하여 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 조제하고, 이것을 사용하여 n 형 확산층 형성을 실시하였다. 또한, 유리 분말의 연화 온도는 930 ℃ 였다. 또, 결정화 온도는 열분석 장치의 측정 범위를 초과하고 있으며, 1100 ℃ 이상이었다.P 2 O 5 -SiO 2 -based glass (P 2 O 5 : 25%, SiO 2 : 65%, CaO: 5%, Al 2 O 3 :) having a glass powder having a substantially spherical particle shape and an average particle diameter of 3.2 µm. Except having made into 5%), the n type diffused layer formation composition was prepared like Example 1, and n type diffused layer formation was performed using this. In addition, the softening temperature of the glass powder was 930 degreeC. Moreover, crystallization temperature exceeded the measurement range of a thermal analysis apparatus, and was 1100 degreeC or more.
n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 도포한 측의 표면의 시트 저항은 83 Ω/□ 이며, P (인) 가 확산되어 n 형 확산층이 형성되어 있었다.The sheet resistance of the surface of the side which apply | coated the n type diffused layer formation composition was 83 ohms / square, P (phosphorus) was spread | diffused and the n type diffused layer was formed.
한편, 이면을 포함한 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물이 도포되어 있지 않았던 부분의 시트 저항은 지나치게 커서 측정 불능이며, n 형 확산층은 실질적으로 형성되어 있지 않다고 판단되었다.On the other hand, the sheet resistance of the part in which the n type diffused layer formation composition containing the back surface was not apply | coated was too large and it was impossible to measure, and it was judged that the n type diffused layer was not formed substantially.
[비교예 1]Comparative Example 1
인산이수소암모늄 (NH4H2PO4) 분말 20 g 과, 에틸셀룰로오스 3 g 과, 아세트산2-(2-부톡시에톡시)에틸 7 g 을 자동 유발 혼련 장치를 사용하여 혼합해서 페이스트화하여, n 형 확산층 형성 조성물 (페이스트) 을 조제하였다.20 g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) powder, 3 g of ethyl cellulose, and 7 g of acetic acid 2- (2-butoxyethoxy) ethyl were mixed and pasted using an automatic induction kneading apparatus. and n type diffused layer formation composition (paste) were prepared.
다음으로, 조제한 페이스트를 스크린 인쇄에 의해 p 형 실리콘 기판 표면에 도포하고, 150 ℃ 의 핫 플레이트 상에서 5 분간 건조시켰다. 계속해서, 1000 ℃ 로 설정한 전기로에서 10 분간 열확산 처리를 실시하고, 그 후 유리층을 제거하기 위해 기판을 불화수소산에 5 분간 침지하여, 유수 세정, 건조를 실시하였다.Next, the prepared paste was apply | coated to the p-type silicon substrate surface by screen printing, and it dried for 5 minutes on the 150 degreeC hotplate. Subsequently, the thermal diffusion process was performed for 10 minutes in the electric furnace set to 1000 degreeC, and after that, the board | substrate was immersed in hydrofluoric acid for 5 minutes in order to remove a glass layer, and it washed with water and dried.
n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 도포한 측의 표면의 시트 저항은 14 Ω/□ 이며, P (인) 가 확산되어 n 형 확산층이 형성되어 있었다. 그러나, 이면의 시트 저항은 50 Ω/□ 로, 이면에도 n 형 확산층이 형성되어 있었다.The sheet resistance of the surface of the side which apply | coated the n type diffused layer formation composition was 14 ohms / square, P (phosphorus) was spread | diffused and the n type diffused layer was formed. However, the sheet resistance of the back surface was 50 ohms / square, and the n type diffused layer was formed also in the back surface.
[비교예 2]Comparative Example 2
인산이수소암모늄 (NH4H2PO4) 분말 1 g 과, 순수 7 g, 폴리비닐알코올 0.7 g, 이소프로필알코올 1.5 g 을 혼합하여 용액을 조제하였다.1 g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) powder, 7 g of pure water, 0.7 g of polyvinyl alcohol, and 1.5 g of isopropyl alcohol were mixed to prepare a solution.
다음으로, 조제한 용액을 스핀 코터 (2000 rpm, 30 sec) 에 의해 p 형 실리콘 기판 표면에 도포하고, 150 ℃ 의 핫 플레이트 상에서 5 분간 건조시켰다. 계속해서, 1000 ℃ 로 설정한 전기로에서 10 분간 열확산 처리를 실시하고, 그 후 유리층을 제거하기 위해 기판을 불화수소산에 5 분간 침지하여, 유수 세정, 건조를 실시하였다.Next, the prepared solution was apply | coated to the p-type silicon substrate surface by the spin coater (2000 rpm, 30 sec), and it dried for 5 minutes on the 150 degreeC hotplate. Subsequently, the thermal diffusion process was performed for 10 minutes in the electric furnace set to 1000 degreeC, and after that, the board | substrate was immersed in hydrofluoric acid for 5 minutes in order to remove a glass layer, and it washed with water and dried.
n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 도포한 측의 표면의 시트 저항은 10 Ω/□ 이며, P (인) 가 확산되어 n 형 확산층이 형성되어 있었다. 그러나, 이면의 시트 저항은 100 Ω/□ 로, 이면에도 n 형 확산층이 형성되어 있었다.The sheet resistance of the surface of the side which apply | coated the n type diffused layer formation composition was 10 ohms / square, P (phosphorus) was spread | diffused and the n type diffused layer was formed. However, the sheet resistance of the back surface was 100 ohms / square, and the n type diffused layer was formed also in the back surface.
[비교예 3][Comparative Example 3]
유리 분말을 입자 형상이 대략 구상이고, 평균 입자경이 3.2 ㎛ 인 P2O5-SiO2 계 유리 (P2O5 : 10 %, SiO2 : 20 %, NaO : 70 %) 로 한 것 이외에는 실시예 1 과 동일하게 하여 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 조제하고, 이것을 사용하여 n 형 확산층 형성을 실시하였다. 또한, 유리 분말의 연화 온도는 230 ℃ 였다.Embodiment was the (70% P 2 O 5: 10%, SiO 2:: 20%, NaO) other than the P 2 O 5 -SiO 2 based glass to a glass powder the particle shape is substantially spherical, average particle size 3.2 ㎛ An n type diffused layer formation composition was prepared like Example 1, and n type diffused layer formation was performed using this. In addition, the softening temperature of the glass powder was 230 degreeC.
n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 도포한 측의 표면의 시트 저항은 61 Ω/□ 이며, P (인) 가 확산되어 n 형 확산층이 형성되어 있었다. 그러나, 이면을 포함한 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물이 도포되어 있지 않았던 부분의 시트 저항은 65 Ω/□ 로, 불필요한 부분까지 n 형 확산층이 형성되어 있어, 목적으로 하는 부분적인 n 형 확산층의 형성을 할 수 없었다.The sheet resistance of the surface of the side which apply | coated the n type diffused layer formation composition was 61 ohms / square, P (phosphorus) was spread | diffused and the n type diffused layer was formed. However, the sheet resistance of the part in which the n type diffused layer formation composition containing the back surface was not apply | coated was 65 ohms / square, The n type diffused layer was formed to the unnecessary part, and the target partial n type diffused layer can be formed. There was no.
[비교예 4][Comparative Example 4]
유리 분말을 입자 형상이 대략 구상이고, 평균 입자경이 3.2 ㎛ 인 P2O5-SiO2 계 유리 (P2O5 : 5 %, SiO2 : 93 %, NaO : 2 %) 로 한 것 이외에는 실시예 1 과 동일하게 하여 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 조제하고, 이것을 사용하여 n 형 확산층 형성을 실시하였다. 또한, 유리 분말의 연화 온도는 열분석 장치의 측정 범위를 초과하고 있으며, 1100 ℃ 이상이었다.Embodiment was the (2% P 2 O 5: 5%, SiO 2:: 93%, NaO) other than the P 2 O 5 -SiO 2 based glass to a glass powder the particle shape is substantially spherical, average particle size of 3.2 ㎛ An n type diffused layer formation composition was prepared like Example 1, and n type diffused layer formation was performed using this. In addition, the softening temperature of the glass powder exceeded the measurement range of the thermal analysis apparatus, and was 1100 degreeC or more.
n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 도포한 측의 표면의 시트 저항은 지나치게 커서 측정 불능이며, n 형 확산층은 실질적으로 형성되어 있지 않다고 판단되었다.It was judged that the sheet resistance of the surface of the side which apply | coated the n type diffused layer formation composition was too large, and it was impossible to measure, and the n type diffused layer was not formed substantially.
이상으로부터, 본 발명의 n 형 확산층 형성 조성물을 사용함으로써, n 형 확산층을 특정 부위에만 균일하게 형성 가능한 것을 알 수 있다.As mentioned above, it turns out that an n type diffused layer can be formed uniformly only to a specific site | part by using the n type diffused layer formation composition of this invention.
10 p 형 반도체 기판
12 n 형 확산층
14 고농도 전계층
16 반사 방지막
18 표면 전극
20 이면 전극 (전극층)
30 버스 바 전극
32 핑거 전극10 p type semiconductor substrate
12 n type diffusion layer
14 High Density Fields
16 anti-reflection film
18 surface electrode
20 backside electrode (electrode layer)
30 bus bar electrode
32 finger electrode
Claims (6)
상기 도너 원소가 P (인) 및 Sb (안티몬) 에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종인, n 형 확산층 형성 조성물.The method of claim 1,
The n type diffused layer formation composition whose said donor element is at least 1 sort (s) chosen from P (phosphorus) and Sb (antimony).
상기 도너 원소를 함유하는 유리 분말이 P2O3, P2O5 및 Sb2O3 에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종의 도너 원소 함유 물질과, SiO2, K2O, Na2O, Li2O, BaO, SrO, CaO, MgO, BeO, ZnO, PbO, CdO, SnO, ZrO2, CeO2 및 MoO3 에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종의 유리 성분 물질을 함유하는, n 형 확산층 형성 조성물.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The glass powder containing the donor element includes at least one donor element-containing material selected from P 2 O 3 , P 2 O 5, and Sb 2 O 3 , and SiO 2 , K 2 O, Na 2 O, Li 2 O An n-type diffusion layer forming composition containing at least one glass component material selected from BaO, SrO, CaO, MgO, BeO, ZnO, PbO, CdO, SnO, ZrO 2 , CeO 2 and MoO 3 .
상기 유리 분말의 결정화 온도가 1050 ℃ 이상인, n 형 확산층 형성 조성물.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The n type diffused layer formation composition whose crystallization temperature of the said glass powder is 1050 degreeC or more.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JPJP-P-2010-100226 | 2010-04-23 | ||
JP2010100226 | 2010-04-23 | ||
PCT/JP2011/059973 WO2011132781A1 (en) | 2010-04-23 | 2011-04-22 | n-TYPE DIFFUSION LAYER FORMING COMPOSITION, METHOD OF PRODUCING n-TYPE DIFFUSION LAYER, AND METHOD OF PRODUCING SOLAR CELL ELEMENT |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR20130066613A true KR20130066613A (en) | 2013-06-20 |
Family
ID=44834295
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020127030146A KR20130066613A (en) | 2010-04-23 | 2011-04-22 | N-type diffusion layer forming composition, method of producing n-type diffusion layer, and method of producing solar cell element |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (2) | JP5541358B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20130066613A (en) |
CN (1) | CN102834898B (en) |
TW (1) | TWI482302B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011132781A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107093550A (en) * | 2011-07-05 | 2017-08-25 | 日立化成株式会社 | The manufacture method of n-type diffusion layer formation composition, the manufacture method of n-type diffusion layer and solar cell device |
JP5610100B2 (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2014-10-22 | 日立化成株式会社 | N-type diffusion layer forming composition, n-type diffusion layer manufacturing method, and solar cell manufacturing method |
EP2913139B1 (en) | 2014-02-26 | 2019-04-03 | Heraeus Precious Metals North America Conshohocken LLC | A glass comprising molybdenum and lead in a solar cell paste |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE548647A (en) * | 1955-06-28 | |||
US4891331A (en) * | 1988-01-21 | 1990-01-02 | Oi-Neg Tv Products, Inc. | Method for doping silicon wafers using Al2 O3 /P2 O5 composition |
JPH06105696B2 (en) * | 1988-12-15 | 1994-12-21 | シャープ株式会社 | Method for manufacturing semiconductor device |
JPH02177569A (en) * | 1988-12-28 | 1990-07-10 | Sharp Corp | Manufacture of solar cell |
JPH04158514A (en) * | 1990-10-22 | 1992-06-01 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | Impurity diffusion to semiconductor substrate |
JPH04174517A (en) * | 1990-11-07 | 1992-06-22 | Canon Inc | Manufacture of diamond semiconductor |
CN1236503C (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2006-01-11 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Method and special equipment for preparing granular silicon belt |
US9263600B2 (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2016-02-16 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Silicon nanoparticle photovoltaic devices |
US8632702B2 (en) * | 2007-01-03 | 2014-01-21 | Nanogram Corporation | Silicon/germanium particle inks, doped particles, printing and processes for semiconductor applications |
KR100865960B1 (en) * | 2007-04-03 | 2008-10-30 | 경희대학교 산학협력단 | Electron Element Using Silicone Slurry and Manufacturing Method of the Same |
JP5629210B2 (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2014-11-19 | ヘレウス プレシャス メタルズ ノース アメリカ コンショホーケン エルエルシー | Layered contact structure for solar cells |
WO2009060761A1 (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-14 | Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd. | Dopant host and process for producing the dopant host |
JP5522900B2 (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2014-06-18 | 東京応化工業株式会社 | Electrode forming conductive composition and method for forming solar cell |
TW201007770A (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2010-02-16 | Du Pont | Glass compositions used in conductors for photovoltaic cells |
CN101364619B (en) * | 2008-10-08 | 2010-08-25 | 湖南大学 | Manufacturing method for silicon thin-film solar cell |
JP4868079B1 (en) * | 2010-01-25 | 2012-02-01 | 日立化成工業株式会社 | N-type diffusion layer forming composition, n-type diffusion layer manufacturing method, and solar cell manufacturing method |
-
2011
- 2011-04-22 KR KR1020127030146A patent/KR20130066613A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-04-22 WO PCT/JP2011/059973 patent/WO2011132781A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-04-22 CN CN201180018428.3A patent/CN102834898B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-04-22 TW TW100114094A patent/TWI482302B/en active
- 2011-04-22 JP JP2012511723A patent/JP5541358B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-03-03 JP JP2014040996A patent/JP2014146811A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102834898A (en) | 2012-12-19 |
TW201201399A (en) | 2012-01-01 |
TWI482302B (en) | 2015-04-21 |
JP2014146811A (en) | 2014-08-14 |
JPWO2011132781A1 (en) | 2013-07-18 |
WO2011132781A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
JP5541358B2 (en) | 2014-07-09 |
CN102834898B (en) | 2016-06-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP4868079B1 (en) | N-type diffusion layer forming composition, n-type diffusion layer manufacturing method, and solar cell manufacturing method | |
JP5447397B2 (en) | P-type diffusion layer forming composition, method for producing p-type diffusion layer, and method for producing solar battery cell | |
KR20130073885A (en) | Composition that forms n-type diffusion layer, method for producing n-type diffusion layer, and method for producing solar cell element | |
JP5958485B2 (en) | N-type diffusion layer forming composition, n-type diffusion layer manufacturing method, and solar cell element manufacturing method | |
WO2011162394A1 (en) | IMPURITIES DIFFUSION LAYER FORMING COMPOSITION, n-TYPE DIFFUSION LAYER FORMING COMPOSITION, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING n-TYPE DIFFUSION LAYER, p-TYPE DIFFUSION LAYER FORMING COMPOSITION, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING p-TYPE DIFFUSION LAYER, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SOLAR CELL ELEMENTS | |
JP5176159B1 (en) | N-type diffusion layer forming composition, n-type diffusion layer manufacturing method, and solar cell element manufacturing method | |
JP5541358B2 (en) | N-type diffusion layer forming composition, n-type diffusion layer manufacturing method, and solar cell element manufacturing method | |
KR101384874B1 (en) | COMPOSITION FOR FORMING n-TYPE DIFFUSION LAYER, METHOD FOR PRODUCING n-TYPE DIFFUSION LAYER, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SOLAR CELL ELEMENT | |
JP2013026473A (en) | Impurity diffusion layer formation composition, manufacturing method of impurity diffusion layer, and manufacturing method of solar cell element | |
JP5842431B2 (en) | Method for producing n-type diffusion layer and method for producing solar cell element | |
JP5541359B2 (en) | P-type diffusion layer forming composition, method for producing p-type diffusion layer, and method for producing solar cell element | |
JP5333564B2 (en) | Method for manufacturing solar battery cell | |
KR20140041423A (en) | Composition for forming n-type diffusion layer, process for producing n-type diffusion layer, and process for producing solar cell | |
JP5626340B2 (en) | P-type diffusion layer forming composition, method for producing p-type diffusion layer, and method for producing solar cell element | |
JP2016006893A (en) | n-TYPE DIFFUSION LAYER FORMATION COMPOSITION, n-TYPE DIFFUSION LAYER MANUFACTURING METHOD AND SOLAR CELL ELEMENT MANUFACTURING METHOD | |
JP2012231013A (en) | N-type diffusion layer forming composition, method for manufacturing n-type diffusion layer, and method for manufacturing solar cell element | |
JP2013026477A (en) | N-type diffusion layer formation composition, manufacturing method of n-type diffusion layer, and manufacturing method of solar cell element |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A201 | Request for examination | ||
E601 | Decision to refuse application |