KR20110013284A - Insert-chip, plasma torch and plasma processing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: An insert chip, a plasma torch, and a plasma processing apparatus are provided to form one fusion pool with a plurality of arcs by using a plasma torch installed with the insert chip. CONSTITUTION: A chip(1) comprises an opening accepting the electrode on the top. A plurality of electrode arrangement spaces(1a, 1b) is expanded from the opening to the lower end surface of the chip. A plurality of openings(4a, 4b) is distributed along the line perpendicular to the central axis. The openings are formed downward.

Description

Insert Chip, Plasma Torch and Plasma Processing Equipment {INSERT-CHIP, PLASMA TORCH AND PLASMA PROCESSING DEVICE}

The present invention relates to an insert chip of a plasma torch, a plasma torch using the insert chip, and a plasma processing apparatus using the plasma torch.

Plasma torch has various forms according to the kind of high-temperature processing, such as welding, growth, and cutting | disconnection. In Patent Literature 1, the wire 16 is sent from the side just below the tip of the electrode 10, and the base material (working material) below the electrode tip is subjected to plasma welding, hot wire plasma welding, plasma MIG welding or the like. A method of growing a plasma wire is described. In patent document 2, the wire 153 is sent out perpendicularly to the base material below from the wire transmission hole of the center of the insert chip 111, and the chip | tip (with the electrode rod 126 arrange | positioned in parallel with a wire to the side of the said wire) The plasma MIG welding torch at the bottom of 111 that melts the wire tip by injecting plasma into the plasma hole 113 in which the wire through hole is opened is described. Patent Literature 3 describes a plasma welding method and a plasma wire growth method in the form of a hot wire that sends the wire 3 from the side below the plasma nozzle of the insert chip 1 in which the electrode bar is disposed at the center position. Patent document 4 describes a plasma MIG welding for feeding a wire 39, which is a consumed electrode, from a side of the plasma torch toward a pool formed by a plasma of a plasma torch having an electrode rod disposed at a center position of the insert chip 33. It is. Patent Literature 5 discloses a low blood blood as a center hole of a cylindrical plasma electrode 8 having a bottom disposed above and at the center of the plasma jet nozzle of the insert chip 9, and a nozzle plasma jet below it. A plasma MIG welding method is described in which a wire is vertically fed through a nozzle to a lower base metal and the wire is melted by plasma generated by the plasma electrode 8.

In patent document 6, the nozzle shape which improves the keyhole cross-sectional shape by plasma keyhole welding is described. Patent Document 7 describes simultaneous melting welding by each torch, in which two arc welding torches are arranged such that the arrangement of the electrode tips is orthogonal to the welding line direction, as one melt pool is formed. Patent Document 8 describes a composite welding method in which a laser is irradiated to a molten pool of 0 to 2 mm in front of a target position of arc welding to perform keyhole welding (FIGS. 15, 0024, 0025). Patent Literature 9 describes a laser welding method in which a through-hole welding is performed with a second laser beam while focusing on a hole opening formed by non-penetrating welding with a first laser beam.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 39-15267 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 52-138038 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 53-31544 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2006-519103 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2008-229641 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 8-10957 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 6-155018 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2004-298896 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2008-126315

In any of the welding methods and the plasma torch of Patent Literatures 1 to 4, the wire is fed from the side of the electrode rod / base metal to the plasma flow formed between the electrode rod and the base material using one electrode rod and one wire, Since energization, magnetic unbalance occurs due to the interaction between the magnetic flux generated from the wire current and the magnetic flux generated from the plasma current. That is, the plasma arc state is different above the wire (insert chip side) and below the wire (base material side), the plasma above the wire receives the arc force away from the wire, and the plasma below the wire approaches the wire. Receive an arc force in the direction. With the fluctuation of the melting of the wire tip, the position of the action of the plasma on the base material fluctuates, and therefore the plasma arc is unstable. In Patent Document 5, since the arc concentrates on the low blood circumferential edge of the cylindrical plasma electrode 8 having a bottom, and the concentration point moves in the circumferential direction, the plasma is also shaken, and the low blood circumference of the plasma electrode 8 is caused. The wear and tear of the edge of the edge and the insert chip 9 and the adhesion of the molten wire to the plasma electrode 8 and the plasma nozzle 9 are intense, and thus a stable welding operation cannot be maintained for a long time.

The cross section of the plasma arc of the conventional plasma arc welding by one torch is substantially circular, as shown to Fig.18 (a). If the plate thickness is less than 3 mm, keyhole welding by plasma arc is not possible, so fusion welding (heat conduction welding) is employed.

A) an undercut {Fig. 1 (b), (e)} occurs,

B) High temperature cracks due to wide beads (Fig. 18 (b)) are likely to occur. In high-speed welding, since the current becomes a wide arc at a high current, it becomes a bead shape having a wide shallow penetration depth, and hot cracking is likely to occur during solidification.

In the conventional plasma arc welding using a single torch, when the keyhole welding is accelerated to a plate thickness of 3 to 10 mm, as shown in Fig. 18 (c), the bead shape has an undercut in which the edge portion is lowered to a convex shape in which the center portion is swollen. This makes it difficult to speed up. Although the speed of rounding by two torches was also increased, the torch had to be inclined greatly to make the rounding, and the arcing force and the arc blow due to the tilting were mutually inclined and unstable.

An object of the present invention is to provide an insert chip, a plasma torch and a plasma processing apparatus capable of performing high quality plasma processing at high speed.

(1) A plurality of electrode arrangement spaces 1a, 1b, 1c having openings for accommodating electrodes on the upper surface of the chip and extending from the opening toward the lower surface of the chip, each of which has electrode placement spaces 1a, 1b. Insert chip 1 having a plurality of openings 4a, 4b, 4c, which are distributed along a diameter line orthogonal to the chip central axis through a plurality of openings 4c, 4c, and 4c, which are connected to the chip central axis. , 22,27,28).

In addition, in order to make an understanding easy, in parentheses, the code | symbol of the corresponding element of the Example mentioned later shown in drawing, or an equivalent element is attached as the reference for the reference. The same applies to the following.

According to the plasma torch equipped with the insert chip 1, it is possible to perform a high speed machining of one round plural arcs by forming one molten pool with a plurality of arcs.

1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the plasma torch of the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2: (a) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows only the plasma torch of FIG. 1, (b) is a bottom view seen from the plasma injection end side.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the insert chip 1 shown in FIG. 1, (a) is a front view, (b) is a longitudinal sectional view at line 2b-2b on (c), and (c) is a bottom view. .
4 shows a cooling water path 9w, a pilot gas path 9p, and a shield gas path 9s of the plasma torch shown in FIG. 1, (a) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the cooling water path 9w; (b) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the pilot gas passage 9p, a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the 4b-4b line on (c), (c) a cross-sectional view of the 4c-4c line on (b), and (d) a shield gas furnace (9s). ) Is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the 4d-4d line on (e), and (e) is a cross-sectional view of the 4e-4e line on (d).
FIG. 5 is an enlarged longitudinal cross-sectional view of the insert chip 1 corresponding to FIG. 3 (b), and shows each magnetic flux Ma caused by each arc generated by the first electrode 2a and the second electrode 2b. Mb) and the synthesized magnetic flux Mc are shown.
6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the plasma torch of the second embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a longitudinal sectional view of the plasma torch of the third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of the plasma torch of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of the plasma torch of the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of the plasma torch of the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view of the plasma torch of the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
12 is a longitudinal sectional view and a block diagram of a welding apparatus using the plasma torch of the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13: (a) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the plasma torch of FIG. 12, (b) is a bottom view seen from the plasma injection end side.
FIG. 14 is an enlarged view of the insert chip 1 of the plasma torch of the eighth embodiment shown in FIG. 12, (a) is a front view, (b) is a longitudinal sectional view at line 14b-14b on (c), (c) is a bottom view.
FIG. 15 is an enlarged cross-sectional view schematically showing the behavior of a plasma arc during round 2 arc welding by the welding apparatus shown in FIG. 12.
16 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the insert chip rotation of the plasma torch of the ninth embodiment using the insert chip of the ninth embodiment.
FIG. 17 is an enlarged view of the insert chip 1 of the ninth embodiment shown in FIG. 16, (a) is a front view, (b) is a longitudinal sectional view at line 17b-17b on (c), and (c) Is a bottom view.
18 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a plasma arc cross section and a weld bead cross section in the welding using the conventional and the plasma torch of the present invention, (a) shows a cross section of a plasma arc in which a conventional plasma torch is generated, (b) is a bead cross-sectional view showing high temperature cracks less than 3 mm plate thickness and prone to conventional high-speed melt welding, (c) shows a bead cross-section typical of conventional high-speed keyhole welding on the order of 3 to 10 mm, and (d) Shows a cross section of the plasma arc in which the plasma torch of the present invention occurs. (e) is a cross-sectional view showing a bead shape formed by the effect of preheating or digging of a preceding arc by high speed welding of less than 3 mm plate thickness using the plasma torch of the present invention, and (f) melting the beads into a trailing arc. It is a cross-sectional view which shows the shape of the bead welded. (g) is a high-speed welding of 3 to 10 mm plate thickness using the plasma torch of the present invention. The bead shown in (c) is formed by keyhole welding of a preceding arc, and shows a bead shape in which it is melt-welded with a trailing arc. Cross section view.
19 is a longitudinal sectional view and a block diagram of a welding apparatus using the plasma torch of the tenth embodiment of the present invention.
20A is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the plasma torch of FIG. 19, and FIG. 20B is a bottom view seen from the plasma jet end side.
FIG. 21 is an enlarged view of the insert chip 1 of the plasma torch of the tenth embodiment shown in FIG. 19, (a) is a front view, (b) is a longitudinal sectional view at line 22B-22B on (c), (c) is a bottom view.
FIG. 22 is a longitudinal sectional view of the plasma torch shown in FIG. 19, (a) shows an outline of a conduit for supplying plasma gas to each electrode accommodating space, and (b) shows cooling water for cooling the insert chip 1. The outline of the flow path is shown.
Fig. 23 is a cross sectional view schematically showing a weld bead cross section in the welding using the plasma torch of the present invention, (a) is a bead shape formed by preheating of a leading arc, and (b) is a high speed by an intermediate arc. The bead shape of keyhole welding, (c) shows the bead shape of melt welding by a trailing arc.
24 is an enlarged cross-sectional view schematically showing the behavior of a plasma arc during round 3 arc welding by the welding apparatus shown in FIG. 19.
25 is a longitudinal sectional view and a block diagram of a welding apparatus using the plasma torch of the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 26 is a longitudinal sectional view and a block diagram of a welding apparatus using the plasma torch of the twelfth embodiment of the present invention.
27 is a longitudinal sectional view and a block diagram of a welding apparatus using the plasma torch of the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.

(2) Furthermore, there is a central hole 5 concentric with the chip central axis penetrating from the upper end surface to the lower end surface, and the plurality of electrode arrangement spaces 1a and 1b define the central axis of the central hole. A plurality of openings 4a, 4b distributed at equiangular pitch on the circumference centered at the center and opening downward toward the lower end surface are arranged in a plurality of equiangular pitches on the circumference centered on the central axis. The insert chip (1: FIGS. 3, 5) as described in said (1) which is nozzle 4a, 4b.

According to this, each arc current which flows between each electrode 2a, 2b inserted in the electrode arrangement spaces 1a, 1b, and the workpiece | work object 16 through each nozzle 4a, 4b: FIG. In the upper part of the magnetic flux (Ma, Mb) caused by each of them is removed from each other, the lower part acts and the upward force represented by the law of the left hand of the framing acts, so that the arcs are drawn to each other and bent slightly upward. It becomes symmetrical. Furthermore, by the distribution of the equiangular pitch on the circumference around the center axis of the center hole 5 of the nozzles 4a and 4b, each force is equally equal on the circumference around the center axis of the center hole 5. Since it is distributed in degrees pitch, the stability of the plasma is high. That is, the shaking of the arc by the arc blow does not occur. In the vicinity of the object to be processed 16, since each arc current becomes an addition in the same direction and causes a synthetic magnetic flux Mc, the magnetic pinch force for narrowing the arc is strong, The heat flux effect (energy density) is high, and the working position does not shake.

(3) The insert chip 1 is further opened at a distal end face of the material to be processed 16 in succession to the center hole 5, and has a larger diameter opening 1d than the center hole 5. The insert chip (1) according to the above (2), wherein the nozzles (4a, 4b) are opened in the enlarged opening (1d) inward from the front end surface. According to this, each arc current which flows between each electrode 2a, 2b inserted in the electrode arrangement spaces 1a, 1b and the workpiece | work material 16 is set to the front end surface of the insert chip (magnification opening 1d). Since the plasma arcs can join each other at the shortest distance since the front and back of the base material opposing openings}, the change in the arc curve due to mutual magnetic interference can be reduced, which is a stable arc and the processing accuracy is improved.

(4) the insert chip 1 as described in said (2) or (3), the wire guides 13g and 6 which guide the wire 15 to the said central hole 5 of the said insert chip 1, A plurality of electrodes (2a, 2b) having a tip end inserted into each electrode arrangement space (1a, 1b) of the insert chip (1), a coolant flow path (9w) for cooling the insert chip (1), and each electrode The plasma torch (FIG. 2) provided with the pilot gas flow path 9p for supplying pilot gas to arrangement space 1a, 1b.

(5) a power source that transmits a plasma arc current having a negative electrode side and a positive object side between the plasma torch according to (4) and the plurality of electrodes 2a and 2b and the object to be processed ( 17 and 18, plasma welding apparatus (FIG. 1).

(6) Furthermore, between the said wire 15 and the process target material 16, the wire side is provided with the hot wire power supply 21 which flows the current which is negative and the process target material side is positive, The description of said (5). , Plasma welding apparatus in the form of hot wire (FIG. 6).

(7) a power source that transmits a plasma arc current having a positive electrode side and a negative object side between the plasma torch according to the above (4) and the plurality of electrodes 2a and 2b and the object to be processed ( 17,18, and a plasma MIG welding device comprising a MIG welding power supply 22 for transmitting a current having a positive wire side and a negative workpiece side between the wire 15 and the workpiece 16 ( 7).

(8) a power source that transmits a plasma arc current having a negative electrode side and a positive object target side between the plasma torch according to the above (4), and the plurality of electrodes 2a and 2b and the object to be processed ( 17,18 and a plasma wire provided between the wire 15 and each of the electrodes 2a and 2b, having hot wire power sources 21a and 21b for carrying a current in which the wire side is positive and the electrode side is negative. Growth apparatus (FIG. 8).

(9) The insert chip 1 as described in said (2) or (3), the powder guide 26 which guides the powder 23 to the said central hole 5 of the said insert chip 1, and the said insert A plurality of electrodes (2a, 2b) having a tip end inserted into each electrode arrangement space (1a, 1b) of the chip (1), a cooling water flow path (9w) for cooling the insert chip (1), and each electrode arrangement space A plasma powder growth torch having a pilot gas flow path 9p for supplying a pilot gas to 1a and 1b (FIG. 9).

(10) Between the plasma powder growing torch according to (9) above, the plurality of electrodes 2a and 2b and the object to be processed 16, a plasma arc current in which the electrode side is negative and the material to be processed is positive is flowed. A plasma powder growing apparatus (FIG. 9) comprising a power source (17, 18) and means (24, 25) for feeding powder to the powder guide (26).

(11) the insert chip 1 as described in said (2) or (3), the gas guide 28 which guides the keyhole gas 27 to the said central hole 5 of the said insert chip 1, and the said A plurality of electrodes (2a, 2b) having a tip end inserted into each electrode arrangement space (1a, 1b) of the insert chip (1), a coolant flow path (9w) for cooling the insert chip (1), and each electrode arrangement The plasma keyhole welding torch (FIG. 10) provided with the pilot gas flow path 9p for supplying pilot gas to space 1a, 1b.

(12) Between the plasma keyhole welding torch according to (11) above and the plurality of electrodes 2a and 2b and the workpiece 16, a plasma arc current of which the electrode side is negative and the workpiece side is positive is passed. Plasma keyhole welding device having power sources 17 and 18 (FIG. 10).

(13) the insert chip 1 as described in said (2) or (3), the gas guide 28 which guides the cutting gas 29 to the said central hole 5 of the said insert chip 1, and the said A plurality of electrodes (2a, 2b) having a tip end inserted into each electrode arrangement space (1a, 1b) of the insert chip (1), a coolant flow path (9w) for cooling the insert chip (1), and each electrode arrangement The plasma cutting torch (FIG. 11) provided with the pilot gas flow path 9p for supplying pilot gas to space 1a, 1b.

(14) A power source for transmitting a plasma arc current having a negative electrode side and a positive object side between the plasma cutting torch according to (13) and the plurality of electrodes 2a and 2b and the object to be processed 16. Plasma cutting device (FIG. 11) provided with (17,18).

In any of the above (4) to (14), the effect of the above (2) can be obtained.

(15) The plurality of electrode arrangement spaces 1a and 1b are two, and the plurality of openings 4a and 4b opened downward of the lower end surface are distributed on the same diameter line and each electrode arrangement space 1a, The insert chip (1) as described in said (1) which is two nozzles (4a, 4b) opened in opposition to the welding line parallel to the said diameter line through each subsequent to 1b).

According to the plasma torch equipped with this insert chip 1, welding of 2 arcs of round grass which forms one molten pool with two arcs can be performed. In this case, the cross section of the plasma arc becomes a heat source that is long and thin in the advancing direction y of welding, as shown in Fig. 18D, so that the bead width (x direction) with respect to the heat amount is narrowly suppressed, Even if it speeds up, a high temperature crack does not generate | occur | produce. In addition, by using two circular arcs, at a plate thickness of 3 to 10 mm, the front bead can be flattened by keyhole welding with a leading arc (Fig. 18 (c) or (e)) and by wide melting welding with a trailing arc (Fig. 18). (g)}. If the plate thickness is less than 3 mm, the preceding arc digging welding is performed (FIG. 18 (e)), and the trailing arc furnace bead can be flattened (FIG. 18 (f)).

A slightly similar effect can be obtained by parallel welding using two plasma torches that have been dropped to a certain distance, but since the arc spacing in the advancing direction y of the welding is widened, in a short welding length workpiece (welding target material), Welding in the same pass is impossible, and two-pass welding is required, so that the speed is difficult. In addition, since the arc spacing is wide, the trailing arc must re-melt the once solidified beads, and high heat input is required for the post weld. According to the round two-arc welding using the insert chip of the present invention having two nozzles in one chip, such a problem is eliminated because the nozzle spacing is short.

(16) the nozzles 4a and 4b are parallel (Fig. 14) with respect to the vertical line z of the cross sections (x, y) in which they are opened; Insert chip (1) as described in said (15).

(17) The nozzles 4a and 4b are inclined in a direction away from the chip central axis on the diameter line with respect to the vertical line z of the cross sections (x, y) in which they are opened (Fig. 17); Insert chip (1) as described in said (15).

(18) each of the electrode arrangement spaces 1a and 1b is parallel to the vertical line z of the cross sections x and y; The insert chip (1) as described in said (16) or (17).

(19) Two electrodes in which the tip is inserted into the insert chip 1 according to any one of the above (15) to (17), and the respective electrode arrangement spaces 1a and 1b of the insert chip 1 ( Plasma torch (FIGS. 13/16) with 2a, 2b).

(20) Melt welding to the plasma torch described in (19) above, first power sources 18ap and 18aw for supplying welding or preheating power to the first electrode 2a of the plasma torch, and second electrode 2b. Or a plasma welding apparatus (FIG. 12) provided with 2nd power supply (18bp, 18bw) which supplies this welding electric power.

(21) The plurality of electrode arrangement spaces 1a, 1b, and 1c include a lead electrode arrangement space 1a, one or more intermediate electrode arrangement spaces 1b, and a trailing electrode arrangement distributed in a straight line in the welding direction y. The insert chip 1 (FIG. 19) of the said (1) containing space 1c.

According to the plasma torch equipped with the insert chip 1, it is possible to perform welding of a round grass multi arc, which forms one molten pool with three or more arcs. In this case, the cross section of the plasma arc becomes a heat source that is long and thin in the advancing direction y of the welding. Therefore, the bead width (x direction) with respect to the heat amount is narrowly suppressed, and high temperature cracking does not occur even at high speed. Further, by the round multi-arc, at the plate thickness of 3 to 10 mm, the lead arc furnace welding line can be preheated to form a fast bead by the middle arc keyhole, and the wide arc melt can be flattened to form a flat bead by the trailing arc furnace. If the plate thickness is less than 3 mm, the lead arc furnace preheats the preheated weld line to form a fast bead by digging welding by an intermediate arc, and the trailing arc furnace bead can be flattened. In any case, the pre-heating of the leading arc facilitates the formation of the fast bead by the intermediate arc, so that high speed welding can be performed while forming a good fast bead.

(22) The intermediate electrode arrangement space 1b and the trailing electrode arrangement space 1c than the distance between the openings 4a and 4b connected to the lead electrode arrangement space 1a and the intermediate electrode arrangement space 1b in series. The insert chip (1: FIG. 25) as described in said (21) with a long distance between the said openings 4b and 4c which connect to ().

(23) The insert chip (1: form 1) according to (21) or (22), wherein the opening is a plasma arc nozzle.

(24) The above (21) or (22) wherein the opening communicating with the first electrode placing space 1a or the rear electrode placing space 1c is a hole through which a TIG welding electrode passes, and the other opening is a plasma arc nozzle. ) Insert chip (1: form 2/4).

(25) The openings communicating with the leading electrode placement space 1a and the trailing electrode placement space 1c are holes through which TIG welding electrodes pass, and the openings passing through the intermediate electrode placement space 1b are plasma arcs. The insert chip (1: form 3) as described in said (21) or (22) which is a nozzle.

(26) An opening communicating with the leading electrode placing space 1a in succession is a plasma arc nozzle, and an opening communicating with the intermediate electrode placing space 1b and the trailing electrode placing space 1c passes through a TIG welding electrode. The insert chip (1: form 5) as described in said (21) or (22) which is a hole.

(27) The plurality of electrodes 2a, 2b and 2c having the tip end inserted into the insert chip 1 described in the above (21) and the electrode placement spaces 1a, 1b and 1c of the insert chip 1 as well. Plasma torch having.

(28) The rapid power to supply the bead forming power to the plasma torch according to (27), the first power sources 18ap and 18aw for feeding preheating power to the head electrode 2a of the plasma torch, and the intermediate electrode 2b. And a second power source (18bp, 18bw) and a third power source (18cp, 18cw) for feeding the melting power to the trailing electrode (2c).

(29) a plasma torch having a plurality of electrodes (2a, 2b, 2c) in which respective tip portions are inserted into the electrode arrangement spaces (1a, 1b, 1c) of the insert chip (1) described in (22) above; First power sources 18ap and 18aw for feeding preheating power to the head electrode 2a of the plasma torch, second power sources 18bp and 18bw for feeding keyhole welding power to the middle electrode 2b, and tail electrode 2c Plasma welding apparatus comprising a third power source (18cp, 18cw) for supplying the melt power.

(30) The plasma welding apparatus (form 1) according to (28) or (29), wherein the opening of the insert chip is a plasma arc nozzle, and the first, second, and third power sources are plasma welding power sources.

(31) An opening in which the insert chip is connected to the first electrode placement space 1a or the rear electrode placement space 1c is a hole through which a TIG welding electrode passes, and the other opening is a plasma arc nozzle. The plasma welding apparatus (type 2/4) according to (28) or (29), wherein the power source or the third power source is a TIG welding power source and the other power source is a plasma welding power source.

(32) An opening in which the insert chip communicates with the first electrode placement space 1a and the rear electrode placement space 1c is a hole through which a TIG welding electrode passes, and is successively connected to the intermediate electrode placement space 1b. The opening through which is a plasma arc nozzle, a 1st power supply and a 3rd power supply are a TIG welding power supply, and a 2nd power supply is a plasma welding power supply, The plasma welding apparatus (form 3) as described in said (28) or (29).

(33) The opening of the insert chip, which communicates with the leading electrode placement space 1a in succession, is a plasma arc nozzle, and the opening that is in communication with the intermediate electrode placement space 1b and the trailing electrode placement space 1c is TIG. The plasma welding apparatus (form 5) as described in said (28) or (29) whose hole which a welding electrode penetrates, a 1st power supply is a plasma welding power supply, and a 2nd and 3rd power supply are TIG welding power supply.

Other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the embodiments with reference to the drawings.

Example

First Embodiment 1

Fig. 1 shows a plasma welding apparatus as a first embodiment, Fig. 2A shows only the plasma torch shown in Fig. 1, that is, the plasma welding torch of the first embodiment, and Fig. 2B shows the The tip section is shown. The plasma welding torch of the first embodiment is in the form of plasma welding. The insert chip 1 is fixed to the insulator 9 by screwing the insert cap 7 to the insulator 9. The shield cap 8 is fixed to the insulator 9 by screwing. The 1st electrode 11 and the 2nd electrode 12 (FIG. 4 (c), (e)) separated in the x direction by two divisions are in the inside of the outer case 30 of an insulator. The hollow cylindrical stem of the insulation main body 14 passes through the space between the 1st electrode 11 and the 2nd electrode 12, and the male screw which abbreviate | omits illustration of the front-end | tip part of the said stem is insulated ( 9 is screwed into a female threaded hole (not shown), thereby tightening the electrodes 11 and 12 so as to be compressed in the longitudinal direction, thereby providing the insulation stand 9 and the electrode stands 11 and 12. And the insulating body 14 are integrally coupled to each other.

The center hole 5 is provided at the center of the insert chip 1, and the center hole 5 and the guide hole coaxial with the center hole 5 are formed at the center of the insulator 9 and the main body 14 (in this embodiment, a wire guide hole). There is this. The wire guide 6 is inserted in the center hole 5 of the insert chip 1, and the wire guide 13g is inserted in the guide hole of the shaft center of the insulation main body 14. The welding wire 15 inserted into the head of the insulating main body 14 is sent to the insert chip 1 through the wire guides 13g and 6.

In the insert chip 1, two electrode arrangement spaces 1a and 1b are disposed on the circumference around the center axis of the center hole 5 and are disposed at 180 degrees of equiangular pitch and located parallel to the center hole 5. The front end portions of the first electrode 2a and the second electrode 2b, which are fixed to the electrode stands 11 and 12 by the screws 10a and 10b through the insulating stand 9 in the electrode arrangement space, are provided. It is inserted and positioned by the centering stone 3 at the axial center position of each electrode arrangement space. On the tip end face of the insert chip 1 opposite to the base material 16, there is an enlarged opening 1d larger in diameter than the center hole 5 but concentric with the center hole 5, and each electrode arrangement space 1a, The nozzles 4 (4a, 4b) connected to 1b) are opened to the large-diameter 1d.

3 shows the insert chip 1 in an enlarged manner. The insert chip 1 of the present embodiment has a larger diameter opening than a central hole 5 that is a guide hole and a central hole 5 that is opened on a distal end face that faces the base material 16 in succession to the center hole 5 ( 1d), two electrode arrangement spaces 1a and 1b positioned in parallel with the center hole 5, which are distributed at a 180-degree pitch on the circumference around the central axis of the center hole 5, and each electrode arrangement Two nozzles 4a and 4b distributed at a 180-degree pitch on the circumference around the central axis of the central hole 5, which are opened in the enlarged opening 1d through the spaces 1a and 1b, and furthermore The nozzles 4a and 4b are inside the tip end surface of the insert chip 1 facing the base material 16 and are open to the enlarged opening 1d.

On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the insert chip of the plasma torch equipped with one pair (two) electrodes 2a and 2b, but in the insert chip of the plasma torch using a plurality of electrodes such as three or four, A plurality of electrode arranging spaces arranged in parallel with the central hole 5, which are evenly distributed at a pitch on a circumference around the central axis of the hole 5, and an enlarged opening 1d through each electrode arranging space in series. And a plurality of nozzles distributed at equiangular pitch on a circumference around the central axis of the central hole 5, which is opened at the center. For example, an insert chip of a plasma torch having three electrodes is arranged in parallel with the central hole 5, which is distributed at a 120 degree pitch on the circumference of the central axis of the central hole 5. Three nozzles distributed at a 120 degree pitch on the circumference centering on the central axis of the center hole 5 opened in the expansion space 1d through the arrangement space and each electrode arrangement space are provided. In addition, the insert chip of the plasma torch having four electrodes has four electrodes arranged in parallel with the center hole 5, which is distributed at a 90 degree pitch on the circumference around the center axis of the center hole 5. Four nozzles distributed at a 90 degree pitch on the circumference centering on the central axis of the center hole 5 opened in the enlarged opening 1d through the space and each electrode arrangement space are provided.

In addition, the enlargement opening 1d is abbreviate | omitted and the lower end opening of the center hole 5 and the nozzle nozzles 4a and 4b can be made into the flat lower end surface of the chip 1. In addition, the electrode arrangement spaces 1a and 1b (and the electrodes 2a and 2b provided therewith) are not only parallel to the center hole 5 but also in an inclined posture having an inclination angle with respect to the center hole 5. It may be.

4, the cooling water flow path 9w, the pilot gas flow path 9p, and the shield gas flow path 9s of the plasma torch shown in FIG. The coolant passes through the coolant feed water passage 9wi shown in FIG. 4A and enters the space between the outer circumferential surface of the insert chip 1 and the inner circumferential surface of the insert cap 7, where From the passage through the coolant drain passage 9wo and out of the torch. One pilot gas passes through the gas flow path 9pa and the electrode insertion space shown in Figs. 4B and 4C and enters the electrode arrangement space 1a, and becomes a plasma at the electrode tip and becomes a nozzle 4a. After passing through the through hole 1d, it is ejected from the tip surface of the torch. The other pilot gas enters the electrode placement space 1b through the gas flow path 9pb and the electrode insertion space, becomes a plasma at the electrode tip portion, passes through the nozzle 4b, and passes through the expansion port 1d. Ejects from the tip of the torch. The shield gas passes through the shield gas flow path 9s shown in FIGS. 4D and 4E, enters a cylindrical space between the insert cap 7 and the shield cap 8, and the torch Eject from the tip of.

As shown in FIG. 1, between the electrodes 2a and 2b and the base material 16, the electrode 2a is provided by the plasma power supply 17 and 18 which flows the plasma arc current of which the electrode side is negative and the base material side is positive. When arc is generated at 2b, a plasma arc current flows between each electrode 2a, 2b and the base material 16, and one full two arc welding is realized. The wire 15 is fed to the plasma arc 19 so that the electrodes 2a, 2b and the nozzles 4 (4a, 4b) are symmetrically positioned with respect to the wire 15, so that the plasma 15 is plasma with respect to the wire 15. Is stabilized. That is, referring to FIG. 5, each arc current flowing between the electrodes 2a and 2b and the base material 16 inserted into the electrode arrangement spaces 1a and 1b passes through the nozzles 4a and 4b. , Between each of the magnetic fluxes Ma and Mb caused, a force of upward (or downward) z, represented by the law of the left hand of framing, acts, is in the same direction, and in addition to the nozzles 4a and 4b, By the distribution of the equiangular pitch on the circumference centered on the central axis of the center hole 5, each force is equally distributed on the circumference around the central axis of the center hole 5 at equal angle pitch. Balance is taken and the stability of plasma is high. That is, the shaking of the arc by the arc blow does not occur. In the vicinity of the base material 16, since each arc current is added in the same direction and causes a composite magnetic flux Mc, the magnetic pinch force for narrowing the arc is strong, and the heat flux effect (energy density) on the base material 16 is strong. Is high, and action position does not shake more. On the other hand, the wire 15 enters from the upper end of the plasma arc 19 and receives heat from the arc until it reaches the molten pool 20, and acts as an effective preheating effect, thereby increasing the welding efficiency of the wire. High speed welding and high efficiency welding can be performed. In the conventional wire feeding from the side, since the wire enters almost perpendicular to the plasma arc, it must be melted in the molten pool at a small distance into the plasma arc, and there is almost no preheating effect of the wire. For this reason, welding efficiency is low and welding speed is slow.

Further, according to the first embodiment, since the wire is inserted from the center, there is no direction of insertion of the wire, and control to rotate the torch even in curve welding is unnecessary. Conventionally, since the wire is inserted from the torch traveling direction, an apparatus for controlling rotation of the torch or wire relative to the curve is required during the curve welding.

Second Embodiment

Fig. 6 shows a plasma welding apparatus in the form of a hot wire, which is a second embodiment. The plasma torch is a hot-wired plasma welding torch having the same structure as that of the first embodiment, and the insert chip 1 has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, between the electrodes 2a and 2b and the base material 16, a plasma power source 17 and 18 for flowing a plasma arc current having a negative electrode side and a positive base material side is provided. do. This point is the same as that of the first embodiment, but furthermore, between the wire 15 and the base material 16, a hot wire power source 21 for passing a current in which the wire side is negative and the base material side is positive is provided. The current from the hot wire power source 21 passes through the guide 13g in the torch, conducts the wire from the vicinity of the tip end of the guide 13g, heats the wire in Joule heat in the insulation guide 6, and plasma 19 ) Joins the plasma arc at the electrodes 2a and 2b and flows into the base material 16. At this time, since the Joule heat of the hot wire current is maximized (concentrated) in the plasma region, the welding heat input amount is large, the solid-solution deposition, the high efficiency welding, and the high speed welding is possible. In addition, since the hot wire current and the plasma arc current at the electrodes 2a and 2b are symmetrical and coaxial, a magnetic balance is taken and no arc shake due to arc blow occurs. Other functions and effects are the same as those in the first embodiment.

Third embodiment

Fig. 7 shows a plasma MIG welding apparatus as a third embodiment. The plasma torch is a plasma MIG welding torch having the same structure as that of the first embodiment, and the insert chip 1 also has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, a plasma arc current flowing between the electrodes 2a and 2b and the base material 16 opposite to the case of the first embodiment is positive on the electrode side and negative on the base material side. Plasma power supplies 17 and 18 are provided. Furthermore, between the wire 15 and the base material 16, the MIG welding power supply (constant voltage welding power supply) 22 which flows the welding current in which the wire side is positive and the base material side is negative is provided. The shield gas is Ar or Ar + CO ₂ or CO ₂ or Ar + H ₂ . This plasma MIG welding apparatus has the characteristics of high efficiency and deep penetration which are the characteristics of MIG, and can also weld sputterlessly. It is also possible to weld in an Ar atmosphere, to generate very little oxide in the weld metal, and to be suitable for high-strength high tensile materials. In addition, the welding failure prevention or the welding failure repair of the start part in aluminum welding is possible. Other functions and effects are the same as those in the first embodiment.

Fourth Embodiment

8 shows a plasma wire growing apparatus as a fourth embodiment. The plasma torch is a plasma wire growth torch having the same structure as that of the first embodiment, and the insert chip 1 also has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 8, between the electrodes 2a and 2b and the base material 16, the plasma power sources 17 and 18 for transmitting a plasma arc current having a negative electrode side and a positive base material side; Between the wire 15 and each electrode 2a, 2b, the hot wire power supply 21a, 21b which flows the electric current in which the wire side is positive and the electrode side is provided is provided. The wire 15 is heated by Joule heat of the electric current from the hot wire power sources 21a and 21b. However, since the wire current does not flow through the base metal 16, the amount of the base material 16 that melts is small, and the welding of our stone can be performed. Can be. Since the wire 15 is fed perpendicularly to the base material 16, the growth amount is stable without the directivity even in the growth welding during the oscillating motion. It is also possible to wet weld the vertical or inclined surfaces. A solid solution using a Tae-Kyung wire can also be performed in a stable growth amount. Since the hot wire current flows through the nozzles 4a and 4b from the electrodes 2a and 2b and flows into the wire 15, like the plasma current, the hot wire current is symmetrical with respect to the torch axis center and is magnetically balanced. It is possible to make stable overhaul welding without any arc shaking or arc blow phenomenon. Other functions and effects are the same as those in the first embodiment.

Fifth Embodiment

9 shows a plasma powder growing apparatus as a fifth embodiment. The plasma torch is a plasma powder growing torch equipped with the powder guide 28 in place of the wire guide. The other structure is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the insert chip 1 also has the same structure as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. The powder feeder 25 sends the powder in the powder tank 24 to the powder guide 28 at a constant speed. The plasma power supplies 17 and 18 flow a plasma arc current between the electrodes 2a and 2b and the base material 16 with a negative electrode side and a positive base material side. Since the powder is fed vertically to the base metal, the production yield of the powder is better than the conventional example of supplying the powder to the plasma arc from the side, and the powder is hard to adhere to the nozzle, and the powder passage in the torch can be thickened. Since it is a straight line, it is also possible to use a cutting powder with poor supplyability. Since plasma arcs that are symmetrical immediately above the base material 16 join and collide with each other, downward plasma flow to the base material 16 is weakened, so that powder growth of our stone is possible. Other functions and effects are the same as those in the first embodiment.

Sixth Embodiment

Fig. 10 shows a plasma keyhole welding apparatus as a sixth embodiment. The plasma torch is a plasma keyhole welding torch equipped with a keyhole gas guide 28 in place of the wire guide. The other structure is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the insert chip 1 also has the same structure as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. As in the case of the first embodiment, the plasma power sources 17 and 18 flow a plasma arc current between the electrodes 2a and 2b and the base material 16 with the electrode side negative and the base material side positive. The keyhole gas 27 is Ar or He or Ar + H ₂ or Ar + O ₂ or Ar + He. The keyhole gas guide 28 injects the small-diameter high-speed gas stream for the keyhole to perform keyhole welding and low heat input deep penetration welding of the thick plate. Since the keyhole gas is a route different from the pilot gas (plasma gas) passing through the electrodes 2a and 2b, the oxidizing gas can be used for the keyhole gas because the electrode is not oxidized and consumed. Further, since the key injection gas injection hole can be made small in diameter regardless of the magnitude of the plasma current, the key hole hole can also be made small, and thick plate welding can be performed. Other functions and effects are the same as those in the first embodiment.

Seventh Embodiment

Fig. 11 shows a plasma cutting device as a seventh embodiment. The plasma torch is a plasma cutting torch equipped with a cutting gas guide 28 in place of the wire guide. The other structure is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the insert chip 1 also has the same structure as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. As in the case of the first embodiment, the plasma power sources 17 and 18 flow a plasma arc current between the electrodes 2a and 2b and the base material 16 with the electrode side negative and the base material side positive. The cutting gas 29 is Ar or O ₂ or N ₂ or Ar + H ₂ . The cutting gas guide 28 allows narrow cutting by injecting a cutting small diameter high speed gas stream. If the electrodes 2a and 2b are tungsten electrodes, powerful plasma cutting using O ₂ as a cutting gas can be performed without using an expensive hafnium electrode. Other functions and effects are the same as those in the first embodiment.

Eighth Embodiment

FIG. 12 shows a plasma welding apparatus as an eighth embodiment, FIG. 13A shows only the plasma torch shown in FIG. 12, that is, the plasma arc torch of the eighth embodiment, and FIG. 13B shows the The tip section is shown. The plasma arc torch of the eighth embodiment is a form of plasma welding. The insert chip 1 is fixed to the insulator 9 by screwing the insert cap 7 to the insulator 9. The shield cap 8 is fixed to the insulator 9 by screwing. The first electrode stand 11 and the second electrode stand 12 separated in two directions in the x-direction are inside the outer case 30 of the insulator. The stem of the insulating main body 14 passes through the space between the first electrode stand 11 and the second electrode stand 12.

The insert chip 1 has two electrode arrangement spaces 1a and 1b distributed on the same diameter line orthogonal to the center axis z of the chip and equidistant from the center axis. In each electrode arrangement space, The front end portions of the first electrode 2a and the second electrode 2b, which are fixed by screws 10a and 10b to the electrode stands 11 and 12 through the insulator 9, are inserted into each electrode arrangement space ( The centering stones 3 are positioned at the axial center positions 1a and 1b. The nozzle 4 (4a, 4b) connected to each electrode arrangement space 1a, 1b is opened in the front end surface of the insert chip 1 which opposes the base material 16. As shown in FIG.

14 shows an enlarged view of the insert chip 1. In the insert chip 1 of this embodiment, two electrode arrangement | positioning distributed in the same diameter line orthogonal to the center axis z of the chip 1, equidistant from the said center axis, and extending in parallel with the center axis z It is provided with the space 1a, 1b and the two nozzle 4a, 4b opened in the front end surface which opposes the base material 16 through each space 1a, 1b. These nozzles 4a and 4b are also distributed on the same diameter line orthogonal to the central axis z of the chip in this embodiment, and are parallel and equidistant to the central axis.

In the insulator 9 of the torch, there is a cooling water flow path, a pilot gas flow path, and a shield gas flow path, which are not shown. The coolant passes through the coolant feed water passage, enters the space between the outer circumferential surface of the insert chip 1 and the inner circumferential surface of the insert cap 7, and passes from the torch through the coolant drain channel. The pilot gas enters the electrode arrangement space 1a through the gas flow path and the electrode insertion space, becomes a plasma at the electrode tip portion, passes through the nozzle 4a, and is ejected from the tip surface of the torch. The other pilot gas enters the electrode arrangement space 1b through the other gas flow path and the electrode insertion space, becomes plasma at the electrode tip portion, and passes through the nozzle 4b to be ejected from the tip surface of the torch. The shield gas passes through the shield gas flow path, enters a cylindrical space between the insert cap 7 and the shield cap 8, and is ejected from the tip of the torch.

As shown in FIG. 12, a pilot arc is generated between the electrodes 2a and 2b and the chip 1 by the pilot power supplies 18ap and 18bp, so that the electrodes 2a and 2b and the base material 16 are separated from each other. If a welding arc (plasma arc) is generated by a plasma power supply (18aw (for welding or preheating), 18 bw (for melting welding or main welding), which carries a plasma arc current in which the electrode side is negative and the base metal side is positive, A plasma arc current flows between each electrode 2a, 2b and the base material 16, and one full two arc welding is realized. In the welding apparatus shown in FIG. 12, welding or preheating by the plasma arc of the electrode 2a, and fusion welding or main welding by the electrode 2b are performed. In addition, the advancing direction of welding is an arrow y direction. That is, the molten bead formed by the keyhole welding is sent to the molten pool formed by keyhole welding by sending the molten pool formed by keyhole welding to the rear by contacting the plasma arc of the subsequent welding or main welding to the molten pool produced | generated by the preceding welding or preheating. 18 (c)} makes subsequent melt welding even. Thereby, it becomes a molten welding bead smoothly connected with the surface of a base material shown to FIG. 18G. In the case of a thin plate of less than 3 mm, since keyhole welding is impossible, the beads shown in Fig. 18E are formed by prior welding or preheating, and this is followed by melt welding in Fig. 18F. It turns into a bead shown in. Unlike the conventional high current round pool wide welding, it is possible to divide into the preceding, following and respective functions, and to perform high-speed welding with a narrow bead width with a minimum required low current. In addition, the speed can be increased even by the method of performing the welding by the preceding arc using the preceding arc as preheating.

By the way, the two paths of current (plasma arcs) flowing in parallel generate magnetic fluxes turning around the paths, and these cancel each other's magnetic fluxes because the directions of magnetic flux flow between the two paths are opposite, It goes around the outside of two paths. By the interaction between the magnetic field of the synthesized magnetic flux and each of the two path currents (the law of the left hand of framing), the force F shown in FIG. 15 acts on the two currents (plasma arcs) and the two currents (plasma arcs). Is bent in a direction closer to each other. If the arc becomes unstable and this curve becomes large so that two currents intersect, that is, merge, both the keyhole welding and the fusion welding do not exhibit the originally intended characteristics. That is, welding defects or bead shape defects are caused. This tendency is greater with higher currents.

9th Embodiment

In the nozzle chip 1 of the ninth embodiment, the nozzles 4a and 4b are inclined in the direction opposite to the direction F of the curve of the two currents in order to eliminate the possibility of the two currents crossing each other. In other words, the nozzles 4a and 4b were inclined in the direction away from the chip central axis on the diameter line of the chip with respect to the vertical line z of the chip cross section.

Fig. 16 shows one full two arc welding mode by the plasma arc torch of the ninth embodiment. The nozzles 4 (4a, 4b) have an arc collision position with respect to the base material 16 when the arcs are bent by the force F that the arcs pull each other. The arc spacing in the welding advancing direction y is widened by an angle θ with respect to the center axis of the electrodes 2a and 2b so that the center axis of the 2b) intersects with the base material surface precisely or nearly. Inclined in direction.

FIG. 17 shows the nozzle chip 1 of the ninth embodiment provided in the plasma arc torch of the ninth embodiment shown in FIG. According to the ninth embodiment, since the nozzles 4a and 4b are inclined to widen the arc gap in the welding advancing direction y, there is no possibility that two arcs intersect due to the magnetic action F of the arc current.

Tenth Embodiment

FIG. 19 shows a plasma welding apparatus as a tenth embodiment, FIG. 20A shows only the plasma torch shown in FIG. 19, that is, the plasma arc torch of the tenth embodiment, and FIG. 20B shows the The tip section is shown. The plasma arc torch of the tenth embodiment is in the form of plasma welding. The insert chip 1 is fixed to the insulator 9 by screwing the insert cap 7 to the insulator 9. The shield cap 8 is fixed to the insulator 9 by screwing. The leading electrode stand 11, the middle electrode stand 13eb, and the trailing electrode stand 12 separated in three directions in the x-direction are inside the outer case 30 of the insulator. The stem of the insulated body 14 passes through the space between the intermediate electrode stand 13eb and the leading and trailing electrode stand 11, 12.

The insert chip 1 is distributed on the same diameter line orthogonal to the center axis z of the chip and is equidistant from the center axis, with the leading and trailing electrode arrangement spaces 1a and 1c interposed between the center axis positions. There is an electrode arrangement space 1b, and the lead electrode 2a which is fixed to each electrode arrangement space 11, 12, 13eb with screws 10a, 10b, 10c in each electrode arrangement space through the insulation stand 9. ), The front end portions of the intermediate electrode 2b and the rear electrode 2c are inserted, and are positioned with the centering stone 3 at the axial position of each electrode arrangement space 1a to 1c. The nozzles 4 (4a, 4b, 4c) connected to the electrode placement spaces 1a to 1c are opened in the tip end surface of the insert chip 1 opposite to the base material 16 (welding target material).

21 shows an enlarged view of the insert chip 1. In the insert chip 1 of this embodiment, it is distributed in the same diameter line orthogonal to the center axis z of the chip 1, and is equidistant from the center electrode arrangement space 1b and the center axis which are located at the position of the center axis. And the leading and middle electrode opening spaces 1a and 1c extending in parallel to the central axis z and the leading and middle openings in the front end surface facing the base material 16 through the spaces 1a, 1b and 1c. And rear nozzles 4a, 4b and 4c. These nozzles 4a, 4b and 4c are also distributed on the same diameter line orthogonal to the central axis z of the chip, and distributed at equal pitches in parallel with the central axis.

Although not shown in FIG. 19, the torch insulator 9 has a pilot gas flow path and a coolant flow path shown in FIG. 22. In addition, there is a shield gas flow path (not shown) that leads the shield gas into the shield cap 8. As shown in FIG. 22A, the pilot gas passes through the gas flow path and the electrode insertion space, enters the electrode arrangement spaces 1a to 1c, becomes plasma at the electrode tip, and passes through the nozzles 4a to 4c. To eject from the distal end of the torch. As shown in FIG.22 (b), cooling water passes through the cooling water supply flow path, enters the space between the outer peripheral surface of the insert chip 1, and the inner peripheral surface of the insert cap 7, and there. It passes through the coolant drain flow path from the outside and exits the torch. The shield gas passes through the shield gas flow path, enters a cylindrical space between the insert cap 7 and the shield cap 8, and is ejected from the tip of the torch.

As shown in Fig. 19, the pilot power source 18ap, 18bp, 18cp generates a pilot arc between the electrodes 2a, 2b, 2c and the chip 1, and the electrodes 2a, 2b, 2c. ) And the base material 16, a plasma power source (18aw (for preheating), 18 bw (for fast bead formation), 18 cw (for melting welding) that flows a plasma arc current having a negative electrode side and a positive base material side) When a welding arc (plasma arc) is generated, a plasma arc current flows between each electrode 2a, 2b, 2c and the base material 16, and one full three arc welding is realized. In the welding apparatus shown in FIG. 19, preheating by the plasma arc of the electrode 2a, rapid bead formation by the electrode 2b, and melting by the electrode 2c are performed. In addition, the advancing direction of welding is an arrow y direction. That is, let the surface portion melt pool (FIG. 23 (a)} produced | generated by the preheating of the head be what melt | dissolves or penetrates to the back surface (bottom surface) of a base material (FIG. 23 (b)). In the case of a thick plate of 3 mm or more, for example, a molten pool formed by keyhole welding is sent to the rear, so that the subsequent molten weld evenly forms the molten beads formed by keyhole welding. Thereby, it becomes the molten welding bead smoothly connected with the surface of a base material shown to FIG. 23C. In the case of a thin plate of less than 3 mm, since keyhole welding is impossible, the bead shown in FIG. 23 (b) is formed by the preheating of the head and the welding in the middle, and this is followed by the melting welding of the tail. It changes to the bead shown in 23 (c). Unlike the conventional high current circular full width welding, it is possible to divide the middle, the tail and the respective functions into high speed welding with a narrow bead width with the minimum necessary current. Since the intermediate welding easily reaches the back surface of the base material by the preheating of the head, the welding can be performed at a higher speed.

In the example shown in FIG. 19, in preheating by the lead electrode 2a, pilot gas flow rate is reduced to 0.2-1.0 (liter / min), and preheating by shallow penetration is performed. In the formation of the fast bead by the intermediate electrode 2b, the pilot gas flow rate is increased to 0.5 to 5.0 (liters / min) in order to deepen the penetration, and when the base material thickness is 3 mm or more, the base material is formed by the high flow pilot gas by keyhole welding. It cuts out until it penetrates the back surface to form the inner wave. When the thickness of the base material is less than 3 mm, a rapid bead {FIG. 23B) is formed by thermal melting to the back surface of the base material as a relatively low flow pilot gas. In the surface bead formation by the trailing electrode 2c, the pilot gas flow rate is reduced to 0.2 to 1.0 (liter / min), and the surface is thinly melted and smoothed by shallow penetration (Fig. 23 (c)).

For example, in the one full two-arc welding of Examples 8 to 10, a base material having a sheet thickness of 1.6 mm was used for a relatively high speed and stable high quality of 2.3 m / min under the conditions of 210 A of prior arc currents and 210/160 A of trailing arcs. Plasma arc welding can be performed. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the base material having a plate thickness of 1.6 mm is 3.0 m / min at a higher speed and more stable quality under the conditions of 200 A of leading arc current, 210 A of middle arc current, and 210/160 A of rear arc current (45 Hz switching). Plasma arc welding can be performed.

In general, two paths of current (plasma arcs) flowing in parallel generate magnetic fluxes that rotate around the paths, and these two magnetic fluxes cancel each other because the magnetic flux flows in the opposite directions. It will be going around the outside of two paths. By the interaction between the magnetic field of the synthesized magnetic flux and each of the currents in the two paths, the Lorentz force F acts on the two currents (plasma arcs), and the two currents (plasma arcs) are bent in a direction approaching each other. If the arc becomes unstable and this curve becomes large so that two currents intersect, that is, merge, the original intended welding characteristics are not exhibited. That is, welding defects or bead shape defects are caused. This tendency is greater with higher currents.

However, in the tenth embodiment shown in FIG. 19, as shown in FIG. 24, the Lorentz forces, which become Fa, act between the leading electrode 2a and the arc of the intermediate electrode 2b, but the intermediate electrode 2b works. The Lorentz force, which pulls Fc, also acts between the arc of the) and the trailing electrode 2c, and the synthetic force of Fa and Fc acts on the arc of the intermediate electrode 2b, and this synthetic force cancels out Fa and Fc. The arc of the intermediate electrode 2b forming the bead becomes stable, and the lump (slow bead) formation is stabilized. The Lorentz force Fa acting on the preheating arc of the leading electrode 2a causes the arc to move downstream from the welding advancing direction y to become a backward angle with respect to the welding advancing direction y, but it does not affect bead formation. Do not give. The Lorentz force Fc acting on the molten arc of the trailing electrode 2c turns the arc upward in the welding traveling direction y to become a forward angle with respect to the welding traveling direction y, thereby contributing to smoothing. That is, since the plasma of the molten arc of the trailing electrode 2c flows forward and the arc plasma does not disturb the molten pool formed at the rear of the arc, the outer bead becomes a smooth and clean bead surface.

11th Embodiment

Fig. 25 shows a plasma welding apparatus of an eleventh embodiment of the present invention, which is suitable for high speed welding of thick plates.

In keyhole welding with a plate thickness of 3 mm or more and a large pilot gas flow rate, when the welding speed is increased, the molten pool by the intermediate electrode 2b becomes large in the welding direction y, and the possibility of melting and melting of the molten metal increases. Therefore, in the second embodiment, the distance of the trailing electrode 2c to the intermediate electrode 2b is made longer than the distance between the leading electrode 2a and the intermediate electrode 2b, and the keyhole welding of the intermediate electrode 2b is performed. The position where the molten pool to form starts to solidify is melt-welded by the plasma arc of a trailing electrode. Thereby, melt | dissolution of a molten metal can be suppressed even if it speeds up a keyhole welding speed. Melt welding by the trailing electrode 2c is to reheat and melt the solidified metal. However, since the solidified metal is high heat immediately after solidification start, it is easily melted and suitable for high speed.

Preheating or melting can be performed not only by plasma arc welding but also by TIG welding. Since TIG welding does not require a pilot power supply, the power supply device can be configured at low cost. In addition, since the shield gas fills the lower end of the torch, the pilot gas ejected from the electrode placement space to the base material can be omitted in TIG welding. Therefore, the welding form shown in following Table 1 is also implemented.

Combination of welding forms Embodiment 1
Figure 20, Figure 26 Embodiment 2
Figure 27 Embodiment 3
Figure 28 Embodiment 4 Embodiment 5 Lead electrode 2a plasma TIG TIG plasma plasma Middle electrode 2b plasma plasma plasma plasma TIG Aft electrode 2c plasma plasma TIG TIG TIG

In Embodiment 1 of Table 1, similarly to the 1st, 2nd Example, all of the lead electrode 2a, the intermediate electrode 2b, and the trailing electrode 2c perform plasma arc welding.

Twelfth Embodiment

The plasma welding apparatus of a twelfth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 26 is from the second embodiment in Table 1. FIG. That is, the lead electrode 2a preheats the base material by TIG welding, protrudes further downward from the opening of the electrode arrangement space opened on the lower end surface of the insert chip 1, and the surface of the base material by the TIG arc. Preheat and melt. The intermediate electrode 2b and the trailing electrode 2c form a rapid bead and melt by plasma arc welding as in the first and second embodiments.

Thirteenth Embodiment

The plasma welding apparatus of a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 27 is from the third embodiment in Table 1. FIG. That is, the leading electrode 2a and the trailing electrode 2c preheat and melt the base material by TIG welding, and protrude further downward from the opening of the electrode arrangement space opened on the lower end surface of the insert chip 1. Preheat, melt and melt weld the surface of the base material by TIG arc. The intermediate electrode 2b forms a bead by plasma arc welding as in the first and second embodiments.

In Embodiment 4 of Table 1, the tail electrode 2c melts a base material by TIG welding, protrudes further downward from the opening of the electrode arrangement space opened in the lower end surface of the insert chip 1, and TIG The arc is melt welded to the surface of the base material. As for the first electrode 2a and the intermediate electrode 2b, preheating and rapid bead formation are performed by plasma arc welding as in the first and second embodiments.

In Embodiment 5 of Table 1, a rapid bead is formed by plasma arc welding of the lead electrode 2a. The intermediate electrode 2b and the trailing electrode 2c each form an outer bead by TIG welding. In other words, it forms the bead in two steps. This is suitable for a base material having a large surface tension of the molten metal of the base material. On the other hand, similarly to Embodiment 4, a rapid bead is formed by the plasma arc welding of the lead electrode 2a, and the outer bead is formed by plasma arc welding by the intermediate electrode 2b and TIG welding by the trailing electrode 2c, respectively. It may be formed.

On the other hand, in all of the above-mentioned eleventh to fourteenth examples and embodiments, there is only one intermediate electrode 2b, but according to the present invention, there are also forms in which two or more intermediate electrodes are used. Even in this case, however, all the electrodes are in a straight line extending in the welding direction. For example, in the embodiment using two intermediate electrodes 2b1 and 2b2, in the keyhole welding by one intermediate electrode, a thick base material whose penetration to the back surface of the base material is unreasonable is the plasma by the preceding intermediate electrode 2b 1. Keyhole welding can be carried out by arc welding and by plasma arc welding with a trailing intermediate electrode 2b2 to the back of the base material. In other words, the thick plate can be keyhole welded at high speed.

1: insert chip
1a, 1b: electrode arrangement space
1a, 1b, 1c: electrode placement spaces at the leading, middle and rear
1d: magnifying glass
2a: first electrode
2b: second electrode
(2a: lead electrode, 2b: intermediate electrode, 2c: tail electrode)
3: centering stone
4 (4a, 4b): nozzle
(4a, 4b, 4c: nozzles at the front, middle and tail)
5: center hole
6: wire guide
7: insert cap
8: shield cap
9: insulator
9w: with cooling water
9p: with pilot gas
9s: shield gas furnace
10 (10a, 10b, 10c): electrode fixing screw
11: first electrode stand
12: second electrode stand
(11: leading electrode stand, 12: trailing electrode stand, 13eb: middle electrode stand)
13g: wire guide
14: insulation body
15: wire
16: base metal
17,18: power
19: plasma
20: pool
Ma: causing magnetic flux of the first arc
Mb: causing magnetic flux of the second arc
Mc: Synthetic flux
21,21a, 21b: Hot Wire Power
22: MIG welding power
24: powder tank
25: powder feeder
26: powder guide
27: keyhole gas
29: cutting gas
30: outer case

Claims (33)

A plurality of electrode placement spaces having an opening on the top surface of the chip and extending from the opening toward the bottom surface of the chip, and distributed along a diameter line orthogonal to the chip central axis through each of the electrode placement spaces And a plurality of openings opened downward of the bottom surface. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a central hole concentric with the chip central axis penetrating from the upper end surface to the lower surface, wherein the plurality of electrode arrangement spaces are circumferentially shaped around the central axis of the central hole. A plurality of openings distributed in an angular pitch and opened toward the lower side of the lower end surface are plural nozzles distributed in an equal pitch on a circumference about the central axis. 3. The insert chip according to claim 2, wherein the insert chip further includes a magnification opening larger in diameter than the center opening, which is open to the front end face of the material to be machined in succession to the center hole, and the nozzle extends inwardly from the front end face. Open in the sphere, insert chips. The insert chip of Claim 2 or 3, the wire guide which guides a wire to the said central hole of the said insert chip, the some electrode which inserted the front-end | tip part in each electrode arrangement space of the said insert chip, and the said insert chip And a coolant flow path for cooling the gas and a pilot gas flow path for supplying a pilot gas to each electrode arrangement space. A plasma welding apparatus comprising a plasma torch according to claim 4, and a power source for transmitting a plasma arc current having a negative electrode side and a positive workpiece side between the plurality of electrodes and the workpiece. 6. The plasma welding apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising a hot wire power supply for passing a current between the wire and the workpiece to be negative and the workpiece side to be positive. Between the plasma torch of Claim 4, the power supply which flows the plasma arc current of which the electrode side is positive, and the process target material side is negative between the said some electrode and the process target material, and a wire between the said wire and a process target material, Plasma MIG welding apparatus provided with the MIG welding power supply which supplies the electric current whose side is positive and the processing target material side is negative. Between the plasma torch of Claim 4, the power supply which flows the plasma arc current of which the electrode side is negative and the process target material side is positive, and between the said wire and each electrode, between the said some electrode and the process target material, and a wire side. A plasma wire growth apparatus comprising a hot wire power supply for supplying a current having a positive and negative electrode side. The insert chip according to claim 2 or 3, a powder guide for guiding powder into the center hole of the insert chip, a plurality of electrodes in which a tip is inserted into each electrode arrangement space of the insert chip, and the insert chip. A plasma powder growth torch comprising a cooling water flow path for cooling the gas and a pilot gas flow path for supplying a pilot gas to each electrode arrangement space. A power supply for flowing a plasma arc current of which the electrode side is negative and the processing target material side is positive between the plasma powder growing torch according to claim 9, the plurality of electrodes and the processing target material, and means for supplying powder to the powder guide. Plasma powder growth apparatus provided. The insert chip according to claim 2 or 3, a gas guide for guiding a keyhole gas into the center hole of the insert chip, a plurality of electrodes in which a tip is inserted into each electrode arrangement space of the insert chip, and the insert A plasma keyhole welding torch having a coolant flow path for cooling chips and a pilot gas flow path for supplying a pilot gas to each electrode arrangement space. A plasma keyhole welding device comprising a plasma keyhole welding torch according to claim 11, and a power source for transmitting a plasma arc current having a negative electrode side and a positive workpiece side between the plurality of electrodes and the workpiece. The insert chip according to claim 2 or 3, a gas guide for guiding cutting gas into the center hole of the insert chip, a plurality of electrodes in which a tip is inserted into each electrode arrangement space of the insert chip, and the insert A plasma cutting torch comprising a cooling water flow path for cooling a chip and a pilot gas flow path for supplying a pilot gas to each electrode arrangement space. A plasma cutting device comprising a plasma cutting torch according to claim 13, and a power supply for transmitting a plasma arc current having a negative electrode side and a positive workpiece side between the plurality of electrodes and the workpiece. The electrode arrangement space of claim 1, wherein the plurality of electrode arrangement spaces are two, and the plurality of openings opened downward of the lower end surface are distributed on the same diameter line and parallel to the diameter line through each of the electrode arrangement spaces. The insert chip, which is two nozzles opened opposite the weld line. The insert chip of claim 15, wherein the nozzles are parallel to a vertical line in the cross section in which they are opened. The insert chip according to claim 15, wherein the nozzle is inclined in a direction away from the chip central axis on the diameter line with respect to the vertical line of the cross section in which the nozzle is opened. The insert chip according to claim 16 or 17, wherein each electrode arranging space is parallel to a vertical line of the cross section. A plasma torch comprising the insert chip according to any one of claims 15 to 17, and two electrodes in which respective leading ends are inserted into each electrode arrangement space of the insert chip. 20. The plasma torch according to claim 19, a first power source for supplying keyhole welding or preheating power to the first electrode of the plasma torch, and melt welding to the second electrode. Or a plasma welding apparatus provided with the 2nd power supply which supplies this welding electric power. The insert chip according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of electrode arrangement spaces include a lead electrode arrangement space, one or more intermediate electrode arrangement spaces, and a trailing electrode arrangement space distributed in a straight line in the welding direction. The insert chip according to claim 21, wherein a distance between the opening communicating with the intermediate electrode placing space and the trailing electrode placing space is longer than a distance between the opening communicating with the lead electrode placing space and the intermediate electrode placing space. . The insert chip according to claim 21 or 22, wherein the opening is a plasma arc nozzle. 23. The insert chip according to claim 21 or 22, wherein an opening communicating with the first electrode arranging space or the rear electrode arranging space is a hole through which a TIG welding electrode passes, and the other opening is a plasma arc nozzle. 23. The method according to claim 21 or 22, wherein the openings communicating with the leading electrode placement space and the trailing electrode placement space are holes through which TIG welding electrodes pass, and the openings communicating with the intermediate electrode placement space are plasma arc nozzles. , Insert chip. 23. The opening according to claim 21 or 22, wherein the opening communicating with the first electrode arranging space is a plasma arc nozzle, and the opening communicating with the intermediate electrode arranging space and the rear electrode arranging space is a hole through which a TIG welding electrode passes. , Insert chip. A plasma torch comprising the insert chip according to claim 21 and a plurality of electrodes in which respective tip portions are inserted into the electrode arrangement spaces of the insert chip. 28. A plasma torch according to claim 27, a first power supply for feeding preheating power to a head electrode of the plasma torch, a second power supply for feeding fast-bead formation power to an intermediate electrode, and a power supply for melting power to a trailing electrode. Plasma welding apparatus having a power supply. 23. A plasma torch comprising a plurality of electrodes with respective leading ends inserted into respective electrode arrangement spaces of the insert chip according to claim 22, a first power supply for feeding preheating power to the head electrode of the plasma torch, and a keyhole welding to the intermediate electrode. And a second power supply for supplying electric power, and a third power supply for supplying molten power to the trailing electrode. The plasma welding apparatus according to claim 28 or 29, wherein the opening of the insert chip is a plasma arc nozzle, and the first, second, and third power sources are plasma welding power sources. 30. The insert chip according to claim 28 or 29, wherein an opening, which communicates with the leading electrode placement space or the trailing electrode placement space of the insert chip, is a hole through which a TIG welding electrode passes, and the other opening is a plasma arc nozzle. A plasma welding device, wherein the first power source or the third power source is a TIG welding power source and the other power source is a plasma welding power source. The opening of the said insert chip which connects to the said lead electrode arrangement space and the said back electrode arrangement space of the said insert chip is a hole which a TIG welding electrode penetrates, and is an opening which communicates in series with the said intermediate electrode arrangement space. Is a plasma arc nozzle, the first power source and the third power source are TIG welding power sources and the second power source is plasma welding power sources. 30. The TIG welding electrode according to claim 28 or 29, wherein the opening of the insert chip that communicates with the leading electrode arrangement space is a plasma arc nozzle, and the opening that communicates with the intermediate electrode arrangement space and the trailing electrode arrangement space is a TIG welding electrode. The through hole, the first power source is a plasma welding power source, and the second and third power sources are TIG welding power sources.

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