KR20090090943A

KR20090090943A - A method for preparing fish feed by using the soluble protein isolated from the wastewater in scomber japonicus manufacture

Info

Publication number: KR20090090943A
Application number: KR1020080016519A
Authority: KR
Inventors: 김광우; 김가현; 어명희; 김옥선; 조순영
Original assignee: 강릉원주대학교산학협력단
Priority date: 2008-02-22
Filing date: 2008-02-22
Publication date: 2009-08-26

Abstract

A manufacturing method of a feed fish using protein source as a substitute for fish meal separated from liquid waste from mackerel processing is provided to add the water-soluble protein collected from the mackerel edge processing waste water. A manufacturing method of a fish farm fodder comprises next steps. The hydrochloric acid solution of about 0.01-10N is added to the mackerels processing waste water. The pH of the processing waste water is controlled as the fixed value between about 4-7 and centrifuges about 1-100 degrees and the mackerels extracts is collected. The collected mackerels extract the fish meal, wheat flour, vitamin mixture, mineral mixture, salt, yeast and fish tallow. The mixture is molded by a pelletizer, dries with the cold air drying during 1-10 days and pulverizes to the proper size. The feed for fish farming is comprised of 2-30wt% mackerels extracts, 20-40wt% fish meal, 18-75wt% wheat flour, 0.3-2wt% vitamin mixture, 0.3-2wt% mineral mixture, 0.3-2wt% salt, 0.1-1wt% yeast and 2-5wt% fish tallow.

Description

Method for preparing fish feed by using the soluble protein isolated from the wastewater in Scomber japonicus manufacture}

The present invention relates to a method of preparing fish feed for aquaculture using a water-soluble protein which is isolated from mackerel processing waste and can be used as a protein replacement protein source.

Andrews, JW et al .. Supplementation of asemipurified casein diet for catfish with with free amino acids and gelatin. J. Nutr ., 107, 1153-1156, 1977

Viola, S. et al., Effects of soybean processing method on the growth of carp ( Cyprinus carpio ). Aquaculture , 32, 27-38, 1983

[Article 3] Growth of flatfish (Paralichthys olivaceus) fry with the addition of Chung Ho-chang, soybean meal and squid by-products. National Fisheries University of Pusan, Master Thesis, pp34, 1990

[4] Se-Kwon Kim et al., A Study on Extraction Conditions and Quality Stability of Carotenoprotein Using Krill Process Waste. Journal of the Korean Fisheries Society, 23, pp40-50, 1990

Chen, H. M. et al., Extraction of astaxanthin pigment from crwfish waste using a soy oil process. J. Food Sci., 47, pp892-896, 1982

Takeuchi, T et al., Suitable levels of protein and digstible energy in proctical carp diets. Nippon. Suisan Gakkaishi, 55 , 521-527, 1989

Kim J. D et al., Comparisons of comeercial feeds on the growth and nutrient discharge into water by growing mirror carp ( Cyprinus carpio ). Korean J. Anim. Sci ., 36, 710-717. 1994

[Ref. 8] Korean Food Science Faculty Council, Opening Food Articles, 6th Edition, Earth Culture History, pp 374 ~ 376).

9, Park YH et al., Processing and using of fishery science , Hyungseol Press. Seoul, Korea, p 73, 1997

Unlike terrestrial animals and freshwater fish, most marine fishes have a high degree of meat quality and high protein demand, which makes them a major source of protein. In addition, since carnivorous fish are not highly available in plant protein like omnivorous or herbivorous fish, fishmeal is always used as a main protein source in blended feeds. These fish meals are a good source of high-quality feed protein that is well-balanced with various nutrients, but the price is high and the catches are fluctuate so the supply is unstable. Fishmeal used in fish farming accounts for more than 10% of the world's fishmeal production, so the use of high-quality fishmeal is limited. Therefore, it is important to reduce the ratio of fishmeal in the feed for the stable supply of feed, and for this purpose, it is urgent to develop a cheap and stable protein source that can replace fishmeal. Therefore, a lot of research has been conducted to develop alternative protein sources at home and abroad, and animal protein sources such as meat bone meal, feather powder, squid and krill, corn gluten, Vegetable protein sources such as peanuts, soybeans, palms, corn, and rice, etc. Among them, recently, the amino acid balance is relatively excellent, and the protein content is higher than that of other oils. Many studies have been conducted as alternative raw materials (Andrews, JW et al .. Supplementation of asemipurified casein diet for catfish with with free amino acids and gelatin. J. Nutr ., 107, 1153-1156, 1977); Viola, S. et al., Effects of soybean processing method on the growth of carp ( Cyprinus carpio ). Aquaculture , 32, 27-38, 1983).

Mackerel (Scomber japonicus) is a seawater fish of the perch mackerel family and is widely distributed in temperate and subtropical waters of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. It is a swollen fish species and lives in the middle layer within 300m from the surface or surface layer. Seasonal cycle rate, species in the northern hemisphere move north in summer when the water temperature rises, and move south in winter to spawn. Mackerel nutrients include water protein, lipids, ash, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, zinc, vitamin A, cholesterol, folic acid, niacin, and vitamin B12.

On the other hand, marine pollution is becoming a serious social problem due to the occurrence of red tide due to eutrophication of coastal water quality. There are various causes of marine pollution, but the main cause is wastewater or waste from fish processing plants located in coastal waters. In particular, many soluble proteins and lipids are leaked into the wastewater by the washing process during the manufacturing of fishery products such as frozen meat paste or fishery products.The loss of these proteins and lipids not only causes economic loss but also causes marine pollution. have. In recent years, many studies have been conducted to recover proteins and lipids from such wastewater wastes (Jung Ho Chang, soybean meal and squid by-products of the flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) fry. Master's Thesis, pp34, 1990; Kim, Se-Kwon et al., A Study on Extraction Conditions and Quality Stability of Carotenoprotein Using Krill Processing Wastes. Journal of the Korean Fisheries Society, 23, pp40-50, 1990; Chen, HM et al., Extraction of astaxanthin pigment from crwfish waste using a soy oil process.J. Food Sci., 47, pp892-896, 1982), the recovery of proteins and lipids from such fish meat waste is also drawing attention in terms of the use of waste resources.

However, none of the above-mentioned documents teaches or discloses a method for preparing fish for fish using water-soluble protein obtained by recovering mackerel processing waste liquid by isoelectric point precipitation treatment.

The present inventors through the research for recycling the water-soluble protein from the mackerel processing waste to the protein source of fish feed, the water-soluble protein recovered from the mackerel processing waste through the isoelectric point precipitation method of the present invention to 30% of the total fish meal The present invention was completed by confirming that the growth effect of Israeli carp is similar to that of the feed prepared by adding fish meal as the protein source of fish feed.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for producing a feed for fish farming, characterized in that it uses a water-soluble protein that is separated from the mackerel processing waste and can be used as a fish meal replacement protein.

Specifically, the present invention is a first step of adding a hydrochloric acid solution of about 0.01 to 10N, preferably about 0.1 to 3N to the mackerel processing waste: pH of the processing waste prepared in the process of the first step of about 4 to 7, preferably May be adjusted to a constant value between about 4.5 and 5.5, followed by centrifugation at about 1 to 100 ° C., preferably at about 5 to 10 ° C. for about 1 to 60, preferably about 20 to 30 minutes, to make the mackerel extract ie water soluble. Second step of recovering the protein: Mixing the mackerel extract recovered from the process of the second step with fish meal, wheat flour, vitamin mixture, mineral mixture, salt, yeast and fish oil and then formed into a pellet machine in a forced blower about 1 to 10 The third step of grinding by cold air drying for about 2 to 5 days, preferably: about -50 to -10 after sealing the fish feed prepared in the third step in a plastic bag , Preferably, the composition of the fish feed composition using the water-soluble protein isolated from the mackerel processing waste comprising a series of manufacturing process consisting of a fourth step of freezing storage at about -40 to -20 ℃ as a fish meal replacement protein source Provide a method.

The “mackerel processing waste” as defined herein is typically a waste liquid from a mackerel processing plant, and more specifically, the first step of harvesting after lightly flushing to remove the tofu and guts of mackerel and to remove blood and contaminants. ; About 1 to 100 minutes, preferably about 30 minutes to 1 while stirring at low temperature by adding about 1 to 20 times, preferably about 2 to 5 times, weak alkali water to the weight of the meat cut in the step 1 A second step of soaking for time; A third step of using the follicles to recover the meat from the meat immersed in the process of the second step and then to recover the washed water to be used as a washing liquid; Water-soluble obtained through the fourth step of recovering the filtrate obtained by recovering the suspended fat present in the upper layer of the flushing liquid obtained from the third step and then filtered through the filter with a filter such as gauze. Mackerel processed waste containing a large amount of protein.

As defined herein, “aquaculture feed” has a preferred blending ratio ( w / w (%) ) of 2-30% mackerel extract, 20-40% fish meal, 18-75% wheat flour, 0.3-2% vitamin mixture, 0.3- 2% mineral mixture, 0.3-2% salt, 0.1-1% yeast and 2-5% fish oil, more preferably 7-16% mackerel extract, 25-38% fish meal, 36.5-65% wheat flour, 0.3-1.5% It is characterized by being mixed with a vitamin mixture, 0.3-1.5% mineral mixture, 0.2-1.5% salt, 0.2-1% yeast and 2-4% fish oil.

“Vitamin mixtures” as defined herein include vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, para-aminobenzoic acid, vitamin B6, folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin B5, biotin At least one vitamin selected from the group consisting of inositol, choline, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin D _3, vitamin E and vitamin K, preferably vitamin A, vitamin B1, paraaminobenzoic acid (Para) -aminobenzoic acid), vitamin B6, vitamin B12, biotin (Biotin), inositol (inositol), choline (Choline), characterized in that it contains vitamin C, vitamin D ₃ , vitamin E and vitamin K, in addition to the vitamin At least one substance selected from the group consisting of antioxidants such as BHT, fillers, and parasite preventive agents such as furazolidon may be added.

Preferred blending ratios (w / w (%)) of the "vitamin mixture" as defined herein include 0.0001 to 0.01% vitamin A, 1 to 5% vitamin B1, 0.1 to 2% para-aminobenzoic acid, 1 to 5% Vitamin B6, 0.001 to 0.01% Vitamin B12, 0.001 to 0.1% Biotin, 1 to 20% inositol, 20.8799 to 89.597899% Choline, 5 to 20% Vitamin C, 0.000001 to 0.0001% Vitamin D, 1-10% Vitamin E, 0.1-5% Vitamin K, 0.1-1% BHT, 0.1-1% filler and 1-10% furazolidone, more preferably 0.0001- 0.0005% Vitamin A, 1-3% Vitamin B1, 0.5-1.5% Para-aminobenzoic acid, 1-3% Vitamin B6, 0.001-0.005% Vitamin B12, 0.01-0.05% Biotin, 10 ~ 15% inositol, 44.83995-72.48799% Choline, 10-15% Vitamin C, 0.000001-0.000005% Vitamin D, 1-5% Vitamin E, 1-3% Vitamin K, 0.5-0.8% BH It is characterized in that it is mixed with tee (BHT), 0.5 to 0.8% filler and 2 to 8% furazolidone.

“Mineral mixture” as defined herein includes sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), iodine (I), boron (B), germanium (Ge), lithium (Li), nitrogen (Ni), molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V), silicon (Si), strontium (Sr), tin (Sn), fluorine (F), titanium (Ti), rubidium (Rb), barium (Ba), tungsten (W), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), selenium One or more minerals selected from the group consisting of (Se), chromium (Cr), nickel (NI) and pullulor (F), preferably manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) ), Cobalt (Co) and iodine (I).

Preferred blending ratios (w / w (%)) of "mineral mixture" as defined herein include 20-86.9% manganese (Mn), 10-40% zinc (Zn), 1-20% iron (Fe), 1-10 % Copper (Cu), 0.1-1% cobalt (Co) and 1-9% iodine (I), more preferably 39.5-60% manganese (Mn), 26.8-35% zinc (Zn), 10-15% It is characterized in that it is mixed with iron (Fe), 2 to 5% copper (Cu), 0.2 to 0.5% cobalt (Co) and 1 to 5% iodine (I).

"Mackerel" as defined herein is characterized by comprising at least one mackerel, preferably Scomber japonicus, selected from the group of Scomber australasicus and Scomber japonicus.

As described above, the feed prepared by adding water-soluble protein separated from the mackerel processing waste solution by isoelectric point sedimentation treatment to 30% of the total fish meal is compared with the feed prepared by adding only fish meal as the protein source of fish feed. As it was confirmed that the growth effect is similar, it was confirmed that the water-soluble protein recovered from the mackerel processing waste can be used as a protein for fish meal replacement of fish feed. Thus, the fish feed prepared by the manufacturing method of the present invention is mackerel Processed waste, ie, wasted by recycling the waste resources as a protein source of fish feed has the effect of reducing economic losses, environmental pollution, the price of feed.

The feed produced by adding the water-soluble protein isolated from the mackerel processing waste of the present invention to 30% of the total fish meal is similar to the growth effect of Israeli carp compared to the feed prepared by adding only fish meal as the protein source of fish feed. Appearance, through the manufacturing process of the present invention using a water-soluble protein isolated from the mackerel processing waste as a protein source for fish meal replacement fish farming can be produced eco-friendly, economical and cheap fish feed.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by the following Examples and Experimental Examples.

However, the following Examples and Experimental Examples are only illustrative of the present invention, the contents of the present invention is not limited by the following Examples, Reference Examples and Experimental Examples.

Reference Example 1. Material Preparation

Mackerel (Scomber japonicus, length 35-38cm, weight 448-525g) was purchased and used at Busan Common Fish Market (www.bcfm.co.kr) in October or December 2005. The fry were hatched and harvested in April 2006 at a private hatchery near Namyangju, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. In addition, fish meal was purchased from organic sunflower (1421 Yean-ri, Daedong-myeon, Gimhae-si, Gyeongnam), flour from Hae-Pyo (Uri wheat flour), fish oil from Hyundai Special Feed Co., Ltd. (15-2, Mojeon-ri, Gangdong-myeon, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do). The vitamin mixture, the mineral mixture, and the cellulose were used as Sigma-Aldrich, the salt was Hanjugeum, and the yeast was purchased from Korea Yeast (39-15 Dundun-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul).

Example 1 Preparation of Feed

1-1. Preparation of Tax Waste

The head and guts of the mackerel were removed and washed lightly to remove blood and contaminants. About 5 times the weight of the meat was added to weak alkaline water (salt 0.15% + sodium bicarbonate 0.2%) and soaked for 30 minutes while stirring at low temperature (5 ~ 10 ℃) every 5 minutes. After washing the meat by using the follicles, the washed water was used as the washing liquid. At this time, after recovering the floating fat floating on the upper layer of the washing waste liquid, the filtrate obtained by filtering the washing waste liquid with three or more layers of gauze was used as a sample for the recovery test of the water-soluble protein.

1-2. Recovery of Mackerel Extract Containing Large Aqueous Protein Using Isoelectric Point Precipitation

Hydrochloric acid solution of 3N or 0.1N was added to the wash liquor obtained in Example 1-1, the pH of the wash liquor was adjusted to a constant value between 4.5 and 5.5, followed by centrifugation (4 ° C, 8000 rpm, 30 minutes). The mackerel extract (10 kg) containing a large amount was recovered. This was used as a material for the following feed.

1-3 Preparation of Feed

All feeds were prepared by investigating the general composition of fishmeal and mackerel extracts (see Table 1) in preparation (Takeuchi, T et al., Suitable levels of protein and digstible energy in proctical carp diets.Nippon.Suisan Gakkaishi, 55 , 521-527, 1989), the feed ratio was adjusted to approximately 35% of the crude crude protein required for the growth of Israeli carp.

(%) Active ingredient Fishmeal Mackerel Extract Primary Secondary Primary Secondary Crude protein 57.7 68.5 82.0 76.3 Geography 6.5 6.7 2.4 3.9 Ash 24.4 22.1 7.1 - moisture 8.2 1.0 7.7 10.9

1-3-1. Preparation of A, B and C Feeds

The fish meal, flour, vitamin mixture, mineral mixture, salt, yeast and cellulose obtained in Reference Example 1 and the mackerel extract of Example 1-2 were mixed according to the mixing ratio (w / w%) of Table 1 below, and then a pellet machine ( CHOP-RITE, Pottstown, PA, USA), cold-air-dried for 3 days in a forced blower, crushed into appropriate sizes, sealed in 1kg plastic bags and stored at -30 ° C for freezing. Used as. (Hereinafter, the feed using only fishmeal as a protein source is called 'A feed', and feeds replacing 33.3% and 66.6% of the total fish meal of A feed with mackerel extracts of Examples 1-3 are called 'B feed, respectively. 'And' C feeds')

(%) Fishmeal replacement rate of feed ¹ A B C 0% 33.3% 66.6% Fishmeal 52.0 34.6 17.3 Mackerel Extract - 12.3 24.5 flour 44.5 47.6 50.6 Vitamin mixtures ² 1.0 1.0 1.0 Mineral mixtures ³ 1.0 1.0 1.0 Salt 1.0 1.0 1.0 leaven 0.5 0.5 0.5 cellulose - 2.0 4.1 Total protein content (%) 34.4 34.8 35.1 Vitamin Mixture-Vitamin A: 4,650 IU, Vitamin D ₃ : 930 IU, Vitamin E: 27.9 mg, Vitamin K: 9.3 mg, Vitamin B ₁ : 18.6 mg, Vitamin B ₆ : 18.5 mg, Vitamin B ₁₂ : 0.0186 mg, Vitamin C: 93.0 mg, choline: 511.5 mg, biotin: 0.093 mg, inositol: 93.0 mg, PABA: 9.3 mg, Furazolidon: 46.5 mg. BHT: 6.51 mg and Filler. Mineral mixture-Manganese (Mn): 1,200 mg, Zinc (Zn): 900 mg, Iron (Fe): 400 mg, Copper (Cu): 100 mg, Cobalt (Co): 10 mg, Iodine: 25 mg

1-3-2. Preparation of D, E and F Feeds

Fish meal, flour, vitamin mixture, mineral mixture, salt, yeast and fish oil and the mackerel extract of Example 1-2 degreased with ether obtained in Reference Example 1 were mixed according to the mixing ratio (w / w%) of Table 3 below. After molding into a pellet machine (CHOP-RITE, Pottstown, PA, USA) and dried by cold air for 3 days in a forced blower and pulverized to the appropriate size, sealed in 1kg of plastic bags and stored at -30 ℃ frozen the following experiment It was used as a feed of Example 2. (Hereinafter, the feed using only fish meal as a protein source is called 'D feed', and feeds replacing 15% and 30% of the total fish meal of D feed with the mackerel extract of Example 1-2 are respectively called 'E feeds'. 'And' F feed ')

(%) Fish meal replacement rate D E F 0% 15.0% 30.0% Fishmeal 44.5 36.0 27.5 Mackerel Extract - 7.5 15.0 flour 49.0 50.0 51.0 Vitamin Mixture ^* 1.0 1.0 1.0 Mineral mixtures ^* 1.0 1.0 1.0 Salt 1.0 1.0 1.0 leaven 0.5 0.5 0.5 Fish oil 3.0 3.0 3.0 Total protein content (%) 35.0 35.1 35.1 ^* See Table 2 ^**

Example 2 Breeding of Israeli Carp Pom

Israeli carp fry was pre- bred with commercial carp feed (gold fish , Busan shark feed, Korea) for a week before using in the experiment and then used for the following experimental example by fasting for 2 days.

In addition, Israeli carp fry were bred in small cages (82 cm × 42 cm × 50 cm) installed in a circulation filtration breeding tank (209 cm × 209 cm × 61 cm) during the breeding experiment.

Example 3. Statistical Processing

ANOVA-test was used to test the statistical significance of 95% with Duncan's multiple range test.

Experimental Example 1. First breeding experiment

In order to determine whether or not the mackerel extract of Example 1-3 can be used as a protein replacement protein source, the experiment was carried out as follows using the growth measurement method (Kim J. D et al., Comparisons of comeercial feeds on the growth and nutrient discharge into water by growing mirror carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) .Korean J. Anim.Sci ., 36, 710-717. 1994)

Forty-two Israeli carp fry (average 23.1 ± 0.3 g) were housed in cages for 42 days with A, B, or C feed. During the breeding period, ten random Israeli carp fry were taken from each experimental group every two weeks. Body length and full length were measured, and the feed coefficient, daily growth rate, daily feed intake rate, growth rate, and obesity were calculated using Equations 1 to 4 as feed amounts, which are shown in Tables 4 to 6 below.

- feed coefficient (Feed conversion ratio: FCR)

= [Feed intake; dry matter / wet weight gain]

* Daily Growth Rate (Daily growth rate: DGR,% )

= [(W _t / W _o ) ^{1 / t} -1] × 100

* Daily feed uptake (Daily feed consumption,%)

= {(Feed intake / [(Initial wt. + Final wt.) / 2 × day]] × 100

* Condition factor

= [Weight / (total body length_) ³ ] × 1,000

(%) Israeli Carp Cheer Feed experiment group A B C Early Total weight (g) 939.0 915.5 914.0 Average weight (g) 23.5 22.9 22.9 review Total weight (g) 1400.0 1291.0 1216.0 Average weight (g) 35.4 32.3 30.4 Feed amount (g) 716.0 636.4 583.9 Feed factor 1.6a 1.7a 1.9a Daily growth rate (%) 2.7a 2.3ab 1.9b Daily Feed Intake (%) 4.1a 3.9ab 3.7b Obesity 18.9 18.8 18.8 ¹ (p <0.05).

(%) Israeli Carp Cheer Feed experiment group A B C Early Total weight (g) 875.0 806.9 769.6 Average weight (g) 35.2 32.3 30.8 review Total weight (g) 1360.0 1187.0 1126.5 Average weight (g) 54.4 47.5 45.1 Feed amount (g) 560.5 495.6 479.4 Feed factor 1.2 1.3 1.3 Daily growth rate (%) 3.2 2.8 2.8 Daily Feed Intake (%) 3.6 3.6 3.6 Obesity 20.1 19.8 19.6

(%) Israeli Carp Cheer Feed experiment group A B C Early Total weight (g) 1088.0 949.6 901.2 Average weight (g) 54.4 47.4 45.1 review Total weight (g) 1287.0 1044.5 968.0 Average weight (g) 64.4 52.2 48.4 Feed amount (g) 507.9 363.4 313.9 Feed factor 2.6a 3.9b 4.7c Daily growth rate (%) 1.3 ^a 0.7 ^b 0.4 ^c Daily Feed Intake (%) 3.3 ^a 2.8 ^b 2.6 ^b Obesity 19.1 ^a 19.9 ^a 17.1 ^b ¹ (p <0.05).

As a result, as shown in Table 4, when looking at the growth of the second week of breeding, the feed factor and daily growth rate of the feed group A was 1.6% and 2.7%, respectively, and the feed group B was 1.7% and 2.3%, respectively. Finally, in the C feed group, 1.9% and 1.9%, respectively, showed no significant difference in feed coefficients, while the daily growth rate was higher in the A and C feed groups. It was confirmed that there was a significant difference (p <0.05). In addition, the daily feed intake was 4.1% in the A feed group, 3.9% in the B feed group, and 3.7% in the C feed group. Finally, there was a significant difference between the A and C feed groups. (p <0.05) was confirmed. However, in the obesity diagram, the A, B and C feed groups were 18.9%, 18.8% and 18.8%, respectively, indicating that there was no significant difference between the groups (see Table 4).

As shown in Table 5, the growth rate of the 4th week of breeding showed that all the experimental groups had a feed coefficient of 1.2-1.3%, a daily feed intake rate of 3.6%, and finally a daily growth rate of 2.8-3.2%. It can be seen that there is no significant difference between the experimental groups (see Figure 5).

However, as shown in Figure 6, six weeks of breeding was able to confirm that there is a significant difference between the experimental groups. The daily feed intake rate of A feed, B feed, and C feed experimental groups increased by 3.3% and 2.8%, respectively, as the amounts of the mackerel extracts of Examples 1-3 increased as in the order of feed A, feed B, and feed C. , 2.6%, which showed significant difference between the experimental groups (p <0.05), and the feed coefficient and daily growth rate of the A, B and C feed groups were 2.6%, 3.9%, 4.7% and 1.3%. 0.7% and 0.4% showed significant differences among the experimental groups. However, there were no significant differences between the A and B feed groups, as the obesity of the A, B and C feed groups was 19.1%, 19.9% and 17.1%, respectively. It was confirmed that there is (p <0.05) (see Fig. 6).

Through the above results, the feed coefficient, daily growth rate and daily feed intake rate of the experimental groups did not show a big difference until the 4th week of breeding, but since then, B and C feeds had significantly reduced feed efficiency as compared to A feed. The growth rate was also low enough to show a significant difference (p <0.05), which was confirmed to increase as the amount of mackerel extract increased. Therefore, it was found that the extract contained a substance that inhibits feeding behavior or reduces palatability. In fact, the mackerel extract had a rather disgusting odor as if the lipid was altered, and the lipid washed out in the water during the fish processing process easily reacts with oxygen in the air, which makes it easy to oxidize. By estimating, it was to check this in Experimental Example 2 below.

On the other hand, during the breeding period, the feed B group showed no significant difference in feed coefficient, daily growth rate, daily feed intake, and obesity compared to the A feed group, while the C feed group had a significant difference in overall growth. Appeared to decrease enough to show. Therefore, it was found that the optimum addition rate of the mackerel extract for using the mackerel extract as a fish meal replacement protein is 30% or less (see Tables 4 to 6).

Experimental Example 2 Measurement of Lipid Loss of Mackerel Extracts

In order to determine the lipid rancidity of mackerel extracts, the following experiments were conducted using the peroxide value measurement and browning variability method (Korea Food Science Faculty Council, Open Food Article, 6th Edition, Earth Culture History, pp 374 ~). 376; Park YH et al., Processing and using of fishery science , Hyungseol Press. Seoul, Korea, p 73, 1997).

Peroxide value was measured by homogenizing 25 mL of mixed solvent (Glacial acetic acid: Chloroform = 1: 1) to the mackerel extract prepared by the method of Example 1-2, and then adding 1 mL of saturated KI solution and closing the stopper for 1 minute. After severe shaking, the cow was left for 5-10 minutes. Then, 75 mL of distilled water was added, the stopper was closed, shaken, mixed, and then titrated with 0.01 N sodium thiosulfate solution using 1 mL of 1% starch solution as an indicator to calculate the peroxide content, which is shown in Table 7 below.

The browning degree was measured by mixing 1 g of mackerel extract prepared in the method of Example 1-2 and 40 mL of 10% trichloroacetic acid solution in a centrifuge tube, and then mixing and shaking. Thereafter, the solution was centrifuged to extract only the supernatant, and then the absorbance was measured at 420 nm, which is shown in Table 7 below.

sample Peroxide value (%) Browning (%) Mackerel Extract 0.27 0.39

As a result, as shown in Table 7, the lipid contained in the mackerel extract was severely rancid, so that the peroxide, which is a primary oxidation product, was almost decomposed and turned into a secondary oxidation product. Is almost formed in the initial oxidation stage, and is rapidly increased linearly in the steam oxidation stage. As the browning material of the mackerel extract showed 0.39%, the oxidation of the lipids contained in the mackerel extract proceeded considerably, indicating that it is in the late stage of oxidation. Could. Through this, in Experimental Example 1 it was confirmed that the mackerel extract is a rancidity of the lipid contained in the mackerel extract is the cause of suppressing the behavior of the fish than fish meal. Therefore, in Experimental Example 3, the mackerel extract was degreased with ether in advance in order to eliminate the influence of rancidity (see Table 7).

Experimental Example 3. Second breeding experiment

Based on the results of Experiment 1, the experiment was performed using the growth rate measurement method to determine the optimum addition ratio of the mackerel extract as a fish meal replacement protein (Kim JD et al., Comparisons of comeercial feeds on the growth and nutrient discharge into water by growing mirror carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) .Korean J. Anim. Sci ., 36, 710-717. 1994).

Unlike Experimental Example 1, E and F feeds prepared by adding 15% and 30% of the mackerel extract degreased with ether were used.

Forty-two Israeli carp fry (average 23.1 ± 0.3 g) were housed per cage for 42 days with D, E or F feed. During the breeding period, ten Israeli carp fry were randomly taken from each experimental group every two days. , The total length was measured, and the feed coefficient, daily growth rate, daily feed intake rate, growth rate and obesity degree were all calculated using Equations 1 to 4 of Experimental Example 1 as the feed amount, which are shown in Tables 8 to 10 below. It was.

(%) Israeli Carp Cheer Feed experiment group D E F Early Total weight (g) 294.5 293.5 296.5 Average weight (g) 2.9 2.9 3.0 review Total weight (g) 422.0 438.0 430.0 Average weight (g) 4.2 4.4 4.3 Feed amount (g) 220.5 219.5 215.5 Feed factor 1.7 1.5 1.6 Daily growth rate (%) 2.6 2.9 2.7 Daily Feed Intake (%) 4.4 4.3 4.2 Obesity 14.9 15.8 15.3

(%) Israeli Carp Cheer Feed experiment group D E F Early Total weight (g) 383.2 389.6 394.0 Average weight (g) 4.3 4.3 4.4 review Total weight (g) 473.5 487.4 490.5 Average weight (g) 5.2 5.4 5.5 Feed amount (g) 169.5 170.5 174.5 Feed factor 1.9 1.7 1.8 Daily growth rate (%) 1.5 1.6 1.6 Daily Feed Intake (%) 2.8 2.8 2.8 Obesity 15.2 15.3 15.7

As a result, as shown in Table 8, when looking at the growth of the second week of breeding, about 2.9-3.0 g of Israeli carp fry grew up to about 4.2-4.4 g in all experimental groups, and there was no difference in weight between the experimental groups. This pattern was also the same in feed coefficient (1.5-1.7), daily growth rate (2.6-2.9%), and daily feed intake rate (4.2-4.4%). However, as no significant difference was found, there was no significant difference in the growth between the experimental groups (see Table 8).

As shown in Table 9, the growth rate of the fourth week of breeding was similar to that of the second week of breeding, in which the feed coefficient (1.8-1.9), daily growth rate (1.5-1.6%), and daily feed intake rate (2.8%) of the experimental groups were almost similar. In the obesity diagram, the F feed group appeared to be slightly better than the other feed groups, but there was no significant difference. However, the growth rate and daily feed intake of the fourth week tended to be lower than those of the second week of breeding (see Table 9).

As shown in Table 10, the 6th week of breeding showed the same trend as the 2nd and 4th week of breeding, and the feed coefficient (1.7-1.9), daily growth rate (1.0-1.3%), and daily feed intake rate (1.8-2.2) between the experimental groups. %) Was almost similar, and there was no significant difference in obesity. The F feed group was significantly higher than the D feed group, and the F feed group had the highest obesity as the breeding period increased. Compared with the feed group, it showed better growth without any particular phenomenon (see Table 10). Through this, it was found that the optimum ratio of mackerel extract as a fish meal replacement protein was 30%, and the feed prepared by adding mackerel extract to 30% of the total fish meal as a protein source when Israeli carp were reared As compared with the feed, it was confirmed that there is a similar growth effect, mackerel extract as a substitute protein source of fish meal was not at all inferior (see Table 8 to Table 10).

Recycling the mackerel processing waste as a protein source of fish feed can reduce the economic loss, environmental pollution and reduce the price of feed.

Claims

A method for preparing fish for fish, characterized in that it uses a water-soluble protein that is separated from the mackerel processing waste and can be used as a fish meal replacement protein.

The method according to claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method comprises adding a hydrochloric acid solution of about 0.01 to 10 N to the mackerel processing waste: after adjusting the pH of the processed waste liquid prepared by the process of the step to a constant value between about 4 and 7 Centrifugation at about 1 to 100 ° C. for about 1 to 60 minutes to recover the mackerel extract, ie, water-soluble protein: mackerel extract, fish meal, flour, vitamin mixture, mineral mixture, Mixing salt, yeast and fish oil and molding into a pellet, followed by cold-air drying in a forced blower for about 1 to 10 days to grind to a suitable size: a feed for fish farming prepared in the third step in a plastic bag Water-soluble protein isolated from the mackerel processing waste, which comprises a series of manufacturing processes comprising a fourth step of placing and sealing and freezing at about -50 to -10 ° C. Method for producing a component protein source.

The method according to claim 2, wherein the preferred blending ratio (w / w (%)) of the fish feed is 2-30% mackerel extract, 20-40% fish meal, 18-75% wheat flour, 0.3-2% vitamin mixture, 0.3- 2% mineral mixture, 0.3-2% salt, 0.1-1% yeast and 2-5% fish oil.

According to claim 2, wherein the vitamin mixture is vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, para-aminobenzoic acid (Para-aminobenzoic acid), vitamin B6, folic acid (Folic Acid), vitamin B12, vitamin B5, biotin (Biotin) ), Inositol, choline, choline, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin D _3, vitamin E, and vitamin K. A manufacturing method comprising at least one vitamin selected from the group consisting of.

The method of claim 2, wherein the vitamin mixture is characterized in that the addition of one or more substances selected from the group consisting of antioxidants such as BHT, fillers and parasite preventive agents such as furazolidon (furazolidon) Manufacturing method.

The method of claim 2, wherein the mineral mixture is sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), Cobalt (Co), Iodine (I), Boron (B), Germanium (Ge), Lithium (Li), Nitrogen (Ni), Molybdenum (Mo), Vanadium (V), Silicon (Si), Strontium (Sr) , Tin (Sn), fluorine (F), titanium (Ti), rubidium (Rb), barium (Ba), tungsten (W), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) And selenium (Se), chromium (Cr), nickel (NI) and pullulor (F).

The method according to claim 1, wherein the mackerel processing waste liquid is a waste liquid which typically comes from a mackerel processing plant.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the mackerel comprises one or more mackerel selected from the group of Scomber australasicus and Scomber japonicus.