KR20090035721A - Earthquake resistant curtain walls with suspended glazed panels - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention refers to curtain walls capable of resisting the seismic forces of major earthquakes without breakage of their glass panes and without deformation or distortion of their structure. The above can be achieved through the operational separation of the curtain wall of each storey from those of adjacent storeys, by formation of a sliding line on the top of the windows (2.3), through the mutual hooks of suspension of the windows (6.3, 6.10) so that the displacement of the one storey to be independent from the others. The structure of the curtain wall of each storey confined only to the fixed part of the curtain wall of the storey and consists of the uprights (3.1), the sill-beam (3.2), the lintel-beam (3.3) and the attachments (3.4). There are no uprights in the region of windows. The uprights of the structure of curtain wall of each storey at no case are touching the glass panels. The interstorey drifts (H) are in all directions absorbed by the suspension joints of the windows (7.5) and (7.6) and the angle profiles (10).

Description

Seismic curtain wall with suspended glass panel {EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT CURTAIN WALLS WITH SUSPENDED GLAZED PANELS}

The present invention relates to the production, fabrication and assembly of curtain walls with suspended glass panels capable of withstanding seismic forces of earthquakes without breakage of glass plates and deformation or distortion of the structure.

We all know the magnitude of the devastation in buildings and especially buildings caused by earthquakes and the impact of personal or national devastation resulting from loss of life and material and economic damage.

This is why so many scientific groups, universities, research centers, and institutions participate in earthquake protection of buildings, with the goal of building buildings with structural elements that can reduce the risk of collapse by primarily bearing the strains of the earthquake.

The problem of effectively reducing earthquake risks by the construction of seismic buildings is particularly complex because it is affected by numerous variables and factors.

On the other hand, the characteristics of earthquakes (range, distance, direction, depth of epicenter) are combined with the characteristics of soil on which the building stands (composition, state, moisture), and the magnitude of the earthquake (acceleration, speed, duration, vibration frequency) applied to the building. Is determined. On the other hand, the building itself receives seismic force and withstands it according to the characteristics of the structure (building geometry, form, mass, structural element placement, stiffness, fundamental vibration period, etc.).

The structure of the building constitutes its main load bearing element. It is the support structure that receives and endures all seismic forces directly. The survival of a building in an earthquake depends on the response of the supporting structure and its ability to handle such forces.

However, the building structure is complemented by all additional non-structural components that adapt to the structure and react simultaneously with the building structure. Often the classification of the building's functional capabilities and whether or not it is residential depends on the degree of damage that such additional building components suffer, regardless of whether the structure can be damaged.

Of the non-structural components of the building, the most important is considered the front glass curtain wall, which shows the greatest vulnerability during the earthquake compared to other components.

The high fragility of the glass curtain walls is due to the fact that the glass plates do not follow the deformations that are exerted on the building structures by seismic forces during an earthquake and do not comply with interstorey drift. More specifically, the glass curtain walls do not comply with displacements parallel to their surface since the glass plates cannot be deformed in this direction.

However, irrespective of the fact that building structures can survive intact after an earthquake, the weakness of the glass plate, in particular for the impact and pressure applied to the edges, as described above, results in the glass plate breaking first among the frontal components.

Elements further deformed by seismic forces and interlayer drift due to seismic accelerations are attachments that secure the curtain wall to the building structure.

A schematic of the interlayer drift (σ) and deformations caused in a building structure between adjacent floors during an earthquake is shown in FIG. 1A. This shows the floor slab 1.1 of the reference layer, the roof slab of the reference layer or the floor slab 1.2 of the upper layer and the pillars 1.3 of the reference layer under the calm (vibrationless) state. 1B shows the deformation of the elements under an earthquake shock condition and the interlayer drift (σ) 1.4 between the two layers of slabs.

FIG. 1C shows the same section of a building structure under calm conditions with the structure of a curtain wall provided in a general configuration, while FIG. 1D shows the same element under an earthquake condition, in which the structure of the curtain wall follows the deformation of the building structure. Shows that. FIG. 1E shows the same structure as that of FIG. 1C with the glass panel added under the calm state, while FIG. 1F shows the glass panel failing to follow the curtain wall structure supporting it under the condition of an earthquake shock.

The structure of the curtain wall and its behavior under earthquake conditions is currently a continuous beam consisting of a vertical beam (upright) running across the height of the curtain wall and a short horizontal beam (horizontal beam) fixed between the vertical beams. It is adopted by all existing international glass curtain wall systems. The glass plate or glass panel of the curtain wall is fixed and supported in full contact with the vertical beam and the short horizontal transverse beam.

A related study conducted in the United States concluded that it is possible for existing systems to handle small drifts (σ) by increasing the remaining margin between the glass plate and the aluminum profile or by rounding the edges of the glass plate. However, in the case of steel structures, such solutions are considered unsatisfactory in the case of strong earthquakes, where the demand for margins between the glass plates and the frames is much greater.

These weaknesses are solved by practicing the present invention. The present invention allows the glass panels to remain unaffected by the interlayer drift of the building floors during an earthquake, not only to keep the glass plates undamaged, but also to ensure that the entire curtain wall is in its original state without changing or altering the structure due to vibration. To ensure you get it back. This was demonstrated by a laboratory test of an integrated curtain wall mounted on a bench of an earthquake simulator, with the window of the curtain wall completely closed, conducted at the Earthquake Technology Research Institute of Athens National University on June 16, 2006. The test was repeated on June 27, 2006 with the windows open. Both cases were successful, as evidenced by the attached laboratory certificate prior to the final report and certificate expected to be issued within two months.

In order to be shockproof, the glass curtain wall must be able to absorb the entire interlayer drift that occurs in all directions between adjacent layers, while the components have no variation in the acceleration (g) generated during an earthquake regardless of the vibration range. It must be able to withstand without.

This ability should be characteristic of all glass curtain walls of all corners, edges or setbacks, inter-building edge walls, as well as curtain walls with integrated glass panels from one floor to another at all levels and in all directions. do.

In addition, the seismic resistance of the glass curtain wall should not affect functional performance or airtightness and watertightness, and should not reduce the strength to wind pressure or other external forces after the end of the seismic vibration.

All of the above is accomplished by functionally separating the glass curtain wall of each layer from the glass curtain wall of the adjacent layer, the upper layer or the lower layer, so that the drift of the curtain wall of each layer is independent of the drift of the curtain wall of the other layer. Can be.

To this end, the glass curtain wall of each floor is ideally divided into two separate sections 2.1, 2.2 via horizontal dividing lines 2.3 along the entire front of the floor at the level of the window lintel (FIG. 2A).

Each section 2.1, 2.2 has two parts, a fixed part comprising a curtain wall structure of a particular layer (including a fixed glass panel (spandle) 2.4 fixed on such a structure) and the window of that layer. Consists of a portion (2.5).

The two parts (2.4, 2.5) run along the entire floor and as an integrated section (2.1, 2.2) ensure a combined cooperation that achieves shock resistance, while the open windows (2.6) open through the entire length of the floor. Are interconnected in a manner that permits window autonomy with the ability to act in parallel (Fig. 2B).

3A and 3B show the sections of the two-layer glass curtain wall structure, that is, the sections in the floor parquet slab (FIG. 3A) and the sections in the upper floor parquet slab (FIG. 3B), both sections being the main components. Uprights 3.1, horizontal beams 3.2 and 3.3 of each layer and attachments 3.4.

The uprights 3.1 support the upper part and support the horizontal beams 3.2, 3.3 of each layer. The height of the uprights corresponds to the height of each layer structure, and the uprights are fixed by the attachments 3.4 in the form of cantilevers projecting on either side of the floor slab of the layer to which they belong.

The support 3.4 constitutes a joint between the glass curtain wall structure and the building structure, and can bear all the forces generated by the earthquake and other forces due to static and wind pressures.

Among the horizontal beams 3.2 and 3.3, the beam 3.2 belongs to the structure of the reference layer as shown in FIG. 3A and the reference as well as the threshold-beam of the reference layer window supporting the lower side of the window 2.5. While the fixed glass panel 2.4 of the layer constitutes a suspended beam, the beam 3.3 belongs to the structure of the upper layer, as shown in FIG. 3B, and the window 2.5 of the reference layer is suspended and It constitutes a lintel beam of a reference layer window supporting the bottom of the fixed glass panel.

In the above-described structure, the uprights 3.1 are not in contact with the glass panel at all. Thus, this allows not only aluminum sections but also fabrication from steel sections or hollow sections such as IPE, U, Z, which provides a better and more economical solution to the increased structural requirements of seismic conditions.

In order to ensure the desired controlled stiffness at the joints of the structure's uprights and the horizontal beam, it is advisable to apply a united configuration system, i.e. a prefabricated panel which can be carried on site and suspended on pre-fixed and calibrated supports. Recommended.

4A and 4B show the support 4.4 pre-fixed on the floor slab of the reference layer with the prefabricated panel of the united system 4.1. This is a structural element supplemented by conventional cover materials (4.2) such as gypsumboard or cementboard or other similar materials and by provisional insulating materials (4.3) such as mineral wool boards or other similar materials. And, with all necessary components (4.5) with flexural stiffness.

As shown in Figures 3A, 3B and 4A, 4B, no uprights are provided in the area of the window. Thus, the structure of each layer is confined to a fixed part (spanrel) fixed on the slab that it follows at every seismic displacement.

This means that the glass curtain wall structure of each layer only follows the displacement of the slab of the fixed layer. Thus, the glass curtain wall structure of each layer does not influence or be affected by the displacement of the structure of adjacent layers, ie upper or lower layers, independent of it.

5 shows an alternative vertical cross-sectional view of a glass curtain wall covering three layers, showing the fixing sectors 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3 of the layers, of the fixing part 5.4 and the window 5.5 which also comprise the structure of each layer. Shown with parts. 5 shows the lower horizontal threshold-beam 5.6 of the window, which is the same across all layers, from which the fixed glass panel 5.4 of each layer is suspended, and the lower horizontal threshold-beam is the layer Support the bottom of the window. FIG. 5 also shows the upper horizontal lintel-beam 5.7 of the window, which is the same across all layers, in which the windows of each layer are suspended from the horizontal lintel-beam, and the horizontal lintel-beam is below the fixed glass panel of the upper layer. Support.

Referring to the upper horizontal beam 5.7 it can be seen that the window of the reference layer is a suspended beam. However, except in the case of the uppermost glass curtain wall which is directly supported by the reference layer loop slab and belonging to the same layer, the upper horizontal beam belongs to the structure of the upper layer. This applies equally to the lowest / bottom layer of the glass curtain wall, in which case the beam lies directly on the floor parquet slab.

In addition to the above, the horizontal beam 5.7 also constitutes a beam which forms along the sliding line therebetween an ideal separation line of the fixed sectors 5.1, 5.2 of the curtain wall of each layer via the window suspension line.

6A and 6B show, on a larger scale, the fixed sector 6.1 of the layer corresponding to the fixed sector 5.1 of FIG. 5, consisting of a fixed portion 6.4 and a window portion 6.5. Two parts are shown. The window part 6.5 lies between the fixing part 6.4 which is one sector of the fixing part 6.1 of the reference layer and the fixing part 6.4 of the fixing sector 6.2 of the upper layer and the fixing sector 6.2 of the upper layer. ) Belongs to the horizontal beam 6.7, from which the window 6.5 of the reference layer is suspended.

Suspension of the window continues throughout the length of the floor and is achieved through the introduction of double mutual hooks 6.9 and 6.10. Among them, the hook 6.9 is provided on the aluminum profile 6.7 of the upper horizontal lintel-beam of the layered window, while the hook 6.10 is provided along the upper horizontal profile 66.1 of the frame of the glass panel of the layered window. .

Between the double mutual hooks 6.9 and 6.10 there is provided an insert 6.3 made of polyamide or telpon or other similar material with a low coefficient of friction. The insert forms a split and slide line between the fixed sectors of layers 6.1 and 6.2.

The slide line 6.3 also acts as a rotation line of the hook 6.10 for opening the window. This means that at each layer and throughout the length of the layer, the glass panel of the window area is an open window.

All windows suspended through the double mutual hooks terminate in the lower horizontal profile 6. 2 of the frame of the glass panel of the lower horizontal threshold-beam 6.6 of the reference layer window. The windows are in such a way as to ensure that the two parts, the fixed part and the window, work under the earthquake conditions together as an integrated sector (6.1) cooperating with each sector (6.2) of the upper layer through the action of the slide line (6.3). It is tied and fixed on the threshold-beam 6.6. As a result, the displacement of sector 6.1 is not affected by the displacement of sector 6.2. To magnify, the same partnership applies to the fixed sector of the upper layer, so that the drift of the glass curtain wall of one layer does not affect or be affected by the drift of the curtain wall of the adjacent layer.

With respect to the fixed glass panel 6.4 of each layer, their hinge engagement is also effected from the lower horizontal threshold-beam of the layer window by hooks. One of these hooks 633 is provided throughout the length of the lower horizontal threshold-beam of layer 6.6, while the other hook 6.14 is provided over the upper horizontal profile 6.15 of the frame of the fixed glass panel. The fixed glass panel can be fixed through the use of other hooks. One of the other hooks (6.17) is provided over the length of the upper horizontal lintel-beam 6.7 of the window of the lower layer, and the other (6.18) is provided over the lower horizontal profile (6.16) of the frame of the fixed glass panel. do.

Between the two hooks there is provided a rubber insert (6.19) which serves to suspend the fixed glass panel on the glass curtain wall structure. The insert has a high coefficient of friction, while strong fixation of the fixed glass panel to the structure is achieved using bolts that fasten to point 6.30.

The installation of the glass curtain wall described above allows for drift freedom in all directions. The ability to absorb interlayer drift σ in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the curtain wall is also quite high depending on the height of the window. This is due to the hinges consisting of one hinge along the window's suspension line and the other through the hardware that secures the window on the horizontal threshold-beams (6.21, 12.2, 12.3) of the window.

7A shows a cross-sectional view of a glass curtain wall in a calm state, while FIGS. 7B and 7C show an earthquake state with an earthquake direction perpendicular to the surface of the curtain wall. 7B and 7C show hinges 7.5 and 7.6 and interlayer drift σ 7.7.

As can be seen from FIGS. 7A-7C, during an earthquake, not only the glass curtain wall structure and the fixed glass panel (spanrel) attached to it, but also any other components fixed to the curtain wall structure may be present in the curtain wall. It remains fixed in the direction perpendicular to the surface. All drift is taken up and absorbed in the area of the window.

However, for the glass curtain wall to be fully shockproof, the same thing must happen in all other directions. To this end, the present invention provides a complete solution whenever the direction of the earthquake is parallel to the surface of the curtain wall (which is a major problem on an international scale).

As mentioned above, the line on which the window is suspended constitutes a dividing and sliding line between the fixed sectors of the glass curtain wall of each layer. This is because it introduces an insert made of a material with a low coefficient of friction between the double mutual hooks 6.3 which serve to suspend the window. In this way, it is possible for the two fixing sectors 8.1, 8.2 of the glass curtain wall to slide freely from each other as in FIG. 8, thus freeing the lower fixing sector with respect to the upper fixing sector of the curtain wall over each layer. Ensure independent displacement.

By this possibility, the lower fixing sector (8.1) of the glass curtain wall following the displacement of the floor slab of the reference layer is not affected by the displacement of the fixing sector (8.2) of the curtain wall of the upper layer following the displacement of the upper layer floor slab. Do not. To enlarge, this applies equally to the fixed sector of the curtain wall of the lower layer. Thus, the glass curtain wall of each layer is maintained unaffected by the earthquake drift σ of the adjacent layer 8.6, thus eliminating the problem of being the main cause of glass plate breakage during an earthquake.

Polyamide or telphone or other similar material with a low coefficient of friction is secured to the hook end in a manner that ensures firmness and safety at the end of the hook of the upper horizontal lintel-beam of the window.

In order to enable the sliding function between the two sectors, the two parts of each sector, i.e. the fixing part 8.4 and the window 8.5, must be tightly tied to each other over the horizontal threshold-beam of the window, so that the flooring slab ( The associated earthquake drift σ between 8.6) may be changed to the corresponding slide σ8.7 between the two sectors 8.1 and 8.2.

As mentioned above, the stability of each sector of the layer is achieved through the formation of a stable glass curtain wall structure that is compliant with the united system and the implementation of strong anchor points that can safely transmit seismic forces from the building structure to the curtain wall structure and vice versa. And by securing the layered window to the threshold-beam of the layered structure.

Naturally, the interlayer related drift σ is transmitted in the horizontal direction by the slide line to the end where the glass curtain wall ends. Thus, special end angles are required to allow drift to be absorbed.

There are several cases at the end of the glass curtain wall. The most difficult of these is the end of the angle curtain wall found in all independent buildings or buildings with free perimeter. Since the direction of the drift caused by the earthquake is random and indeterminate, and the direction of the drift caused by the building's behavior under torsional effects, the ending angle is the relative drift in the direction of the two sides forming the angle. It is also difficult to be able to absorb drift in any other random direction as well.

Further difficulties are exacerbated by the fact that as a result of the collision between the drifts of the curtain walls at an angle, the drift parallel to one side of the building structure entails a drift perpendicular to the other side.

Thus, for the purpose of dealing with drift collisions at the angle of the building, when the curtain wall is adjusted parallel to such drift, the termination profile of the angle of the glass curtain wall must be able to carry out rotational motion.

As described above, and as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, there are no uprights in the window area of each layer. In conclusion, this applies equally to the angle of the glass curtain wall. This makes it easy to form an angle profile by directly joining the structural beams on each side of the layer.

9A-9C show the formation of the angles 9.1, 9.2 of the glass curtain wall structure by the combination of the horizontal beam, ie the door-beam 9.3 and the lintel-beam 9.4, i.e. simply cutting the aluminum profile diagonally. And the work performed by introducing and combining parallel blades 9.5, 9.6 (6.22, 6.23), which can provide a firm and steady angle as required in each case.

As described above, the configuration of the angles of the horizontal beams of the glass curtain wall structure is integrated in both the straight section and the angle section of the curtain wall structure of each layer, and in a unified manner follows the displacement of the layer slab to which it is fixed. Means that.

As a result, with regard to displacement, all issues applicable to the sides are also applicable to angles, and in extension all relative interlayer drifts are largely taken up and absorbed in the window area of each layer regardless of whether the curtain wall is angled or not.

Furthermore, all of the above means that in the window area also the sides of the window glass panel are required to be joined at an angle. This will on the one hand ensure smooth absorption of relative drift in all directions, and on the other hand it will be possible to ensure operative coupling of the two sides of the curtain wall. It can also meet all the requirements for airtightness and watertightness, the curtain wall's resistance to wind pressure and the safety of the glass plate, and also maintains that requirement by allowing the glass curtain to regain its original condition without any deviation after an earthquake. Will make it possible.

As mentioned above, all drift is absorbed in the window area. Thus, the angle profile of the curtain is not continuous across the height of the layer, and the angle profile is disconnected at the points of the horizontal beam that function in cooperation with the end glass panel to meet the above requirements. As a result, a break in the angle profile at the points of the horizontal beam is imposed on the ground of the rigidity of the glass curtain wall. This is achieved by inserting a tight profile (6.24) over the door-beam of the window, and by a special form (6.25) of the hook profile of the lintel-beam (6.7) which ensures the required standard firmness, the point of the horizontal beam along the horizontal line. Obtained in the field.

The angle profile shown in FIG. 10A was designed based on this requirement. In conjunction with Figure 10B, this shows the relationship between the vertical profile and the angle profile of the window side glass panel in a horizontal cross section. 10A and 10B show the main leg 10.1 of the angle, which is combined with the end 10.6 of the vertical profile of the frame of the side window glass panel, the length of these legs of the glass curtain wall absorbed at the angle. The associated drift σ is defined. In addition, an inner leg 10.2 and an outer leg 10.3 with airtightness and watertightness are shown, which are the same or much more in combination with the end 10.7 of the vertical section of the window frame and the end 10.8 of the glass panel. Have a greater drift margin. For the purpose of ensuring smooth movement of the angle profile in the event of an earthquake, the overlap 10.11 of the angle leg 10.1 and the end 10.6 takes into account the requirement that the end of the glass panel always overlaps the angle leg.

To provide protection against the displacement of the building in the diagonal direction, the angle end 10.9 of the glass sheet is chamfered in proportion to the expected drift σ '(10.10) in that direction.

In the middle of the angle profile a closed core 10.4 is provided, which aims to create a condition for properly supporting the angle profile at its end and to be able to follow the drift of the curtain wall over the angle.

For the purpose of enabling the absorption of drift in all directions, the angle profile 11. 1 has its ends fixed at only two points. As shown in FIGS. 11A-11C, one end of the upper part of the layered window 11.2 uses an attachment 11.3 in the form of a penetrating through the top of the angle 11.4 through the cut of the closed core. Suspended at the bottom of the angle of the two upper horizontal lintel-beams, they are fixed in place by pins 11.5 to allow free rotation of the upper angle profile according to the drift of the upper layer structure. As shown in FIGS. 11D-11F, another anchor point lies at the lower end of the angle profile, which is free to move in all directions by the attachment 11.7 and within the margin allowed by the attachment 11.9 for vertical movement. By means of a pin 11.8, which is fixed to the upper side of the angle formed by the lower horizontal threshold-beam 11.6 of the layer window.

The same angle profile is applied to the angle of the fixed frame, for reasons of architectural uniformity and for the purpose of integrating in such a way as to the requirements, such as robustness as described above. The only difference is that the angle profile is fixed directly to the beam of the glass curtain wall structure, since the angle remains firm and stable on such structure.

In the case of a single sided / planar glass curtain wall, the absorption of drift in a direction parallel to the surface of the curtain wall is covered by the profile of the side edges of the shape corresponding to half the angle profile, the side edge profile being the expected drift ( It has an edge side of the leg and a right angle that cooperates with the end of the end profile of the frame of the window glass panel having a length suitable for σ). In the direction perpendicular to the surface of the glass curtain wall, the drift σ 7.7 is absorbed by free rotation in the joints 7.5, 7.6.

With regard to the unification of the two parts of the fixed sector, ie the combination of the structure of each floor and the floor window, this can be achieved in various ways depending on the possible condition of the window before and during the earthquake.

In the case where the windows remain closed (FIGS. 12A and 12B), as is usually the case in tall buildings, the windows can be fitted with door-beams (12.1) using attachments ((12.2, 12.3) and (12.4, 12.5)). It will be firmly fixed on the

A bolt 12.2 with a square head is slid and placed into the cutout 12.6 of the lower horizontal profile 12.7 of the window frame, while the angle 12.3 is firmly fixed to the beam interior 12.1. Together they hold and fix the window against earthquake forces perpendicular to the plane, positive or negative forces corresponding to wind pressure. In parallel, by removing them, it is possible for the window to function as an open window at a later time as needed. At the same time, in cooperation with the joints along the window suspension lines, they function as joints absorbing seismic drift σ 7.7 perpendicular to the plane of the curtain wall.

In parallel, the attachment fork 12.4, which is firmly fixed to the lower section 12.7 of the window frame, cooperates with the attachment pin 12.5, which is securely equally secured to the threshold-beam 12.1 of the window. Prevents lateral displacement of the window to 12.1), while not hindering the opening of the window.

For the same task and function as fork 12.4, a similar attachment is secured at the points of the vertical joint along the top of the window frame (FIGS. 13A-13C). An attachment 13.1 of them is fixed on the upper horizontal profile of the frame of one window and has the form of a small fork at one end. The other attachment 13.2 is fixed at the same location on the other window, the end of which enters the fork 13.1 and is connected to one window for the other window regardless of the closed state (FIG. 13A) or the open state (FIG. 13B). Prevent movement. In this way, the space (groove) between the two windows 13.4, 13.5 is kept stable, preventing the risk of collision between the glass panels.

The two legs 13.1, 13.2 are not in contact with the horizontal window suspension beam 13.3 and, in cooperation with the fork 12.4, are fixed in such a way that the window does not move horizontally with respect to the horizontal threshold-beam that holds the window fixed. do.

If the window is normally provided to act as a projected window (FIGS. 14A and 14B), the attachments 12.2 and 12.3 are replaced with locks 14.1, which are combined with the pins 14. Attachments associated with drift parallel to the surface of the glass curtain wall while simultaneously bearing seismic forces acting in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the glass curtain wall corresponding to the negative wind pressure supported by the wall (12.4, 12.5, 13.1, 13.2) remains the same.

If the window is opened during an earthquake, the two parts will be integrated by a sturdy bracket (15.1) that serves to open and secure the window (Fig. 15), which is combined with the attachments (13.1, 13.2) in some position. Even if you are caught, you can keep the windows from moving. Thus, despite the fact that the window is open, the sliding line of the double mutual hook will function normally, and the drift will be absorbed as smoothly as in a closed window.

If the panels of the glass curtain wall are integrated between floors or floors or are disconnected between floors and floors, and seamlessly integrated from floor to floor of the floor, the sliding line is also a double mutual hook as in the case of windows. It will function completely even in the suspended state of the glass panel. In addition, the end angle profile will fully function in the same fastening manner in which the glass panels integrated across the height function as the fastening part of the layer (FIGS. 16A and 16B) and drift is absorbed by the slide line as before.

The difference in this case is that when the glass curtain wall is continuous over height and the glass panel 16.1 is integrated between layers, the two horizontal beams of the window case are integrated into a single beam 16.2. The single beam will be characterized by the seal of the upper part 16.3 and the lintel of the lower part 16.4, the double mutual hooks of the lower part 16.5, and the stabilizing attachment of the upper part 16.6.

In the case where the glass curtain wall is disconnected between floors, the glass panels are made up of very high windows with the upper horizontal lintel-beam of the window positioned directly on the roof of the floor and the lower horizontal threshold-beam of the window placed directly on the floor floor. Equal Also in this case, the interlayer seismic operation remains unchanged.

In the above case where the height of the glass panel is increased, it is natural that the dimensions of the components are adjusted to the new structural and mechanical requirements of the structure.

Claims (13)

For seismic curtain walls with suspended glass panels, The curtain wall structures of each layer are completely separated from the curtain wall structures of adjacent layers (3A, 3B), there are no uprights in the window area, the glass panels are suspended only from the horizontal beam of the structure, and the windows (2.5, 2.6) , 5.5, 6.5 are freely suspended along the entire floor by double mutual hooks 6.9, 6.10, one hook 6.9 on the upper horizontal lintel-beam 6.7 of the floor window belonging to the structure of the upper floor. Another hook (6.10) is present on the upper profile (6.11) of the window frame (6.5), the lines of the hook constitute a horizontal slide line, and the floor with different displacement of the layer due to the earthquake through the horizontal slide line The window is terminated by the lower profile (6.12) of the frame in the lower horizontal threshold-beam (6.6) of the layered window, which is completely independent of the displacement of the window, so that the window follows the movement of the structure, Seismic, characterized in that it constitutes fixed and integrated sectors (5.4 and 5.5) or (6.4 and 6.5) of layers (5.1, 6.1) cooperating with each sector of the upper layers (5.2, 6.2). Curtain wall. 2. The suspension line of the window constitutes a sliding line between the fixed sectors of the curtain wall as well as the dividing line of the fixed sectors of the curtain wall and has a low coefficient of friction, such as polyamide or telpon or other similar material. A material gasket 6.3 is inserted between the double mutual hooks to ensure that the two fixed sectors slide freely from each other, thus from the upper sector following the displacement of the floor slab of the upper layers 5.2 and 6.2. Ensuring free and independent movement of the sector along the displacement of the floor slab of (5.1, 6.1), while at the same time the slide line also serves as the axis of rotation of the hook (6.10) on the hook (6.9) for the opening of the window. Seismic curtain wall. The frame of the fixed glass panel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fixed panel (6.4) is also provided with one hook (6.13) provided throughout the length of the lower horizontal threshold-beam (6.6) of the layer window (6.13). Suspended by a hook consisting of another hook 6.14 provided on the upper horizontal profile 6.15, the fixed glass panel is the lower horizontal of the frame in the upper horizontal lintel-beam 6.7 of the lower layer window, which is a beam belonging to the reference layer structure. Terminated by a profile 6.16, the fastening panel is provided with one hook 6.17 provided throughout the length of the beam 6.7 and the other hook 6.18 provided on the profile 66.1 of the frame of the fixed glass panel. Fastened by a similar hook, which is fixed on the two beams 6.6, 6.7 by means of a rubber insert 66.1 with a high coefficient of friction, and thus the upper horizontal section 66.1 of the frame by means of a bolt at point 6.30. ) And level door Room-seismic curtain walls, characterized in that to prevent moving on the beam (6.6), - a beam (6.6) is combined with the combination, the fixed frame (6.4) of the door sill. A fixed part of a layer (span) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein there are no uprights in the window region, and the structures of each layer have their own fixed sleeves that move together during all earthquake displacements. Only), and the fixed glass panel, along with all other exterior materials applied to the curtain wall structure, remains stable against the layer slab to which it is fixed in the event of an earthquake, and all interlayer drifts (σ) are only for windows on each floor. A seismic curtain wall characterized in that it is treated and absorbed only over the area of (5.5, 6.5). The angle according to any one of the preceding claims, through the joint provided in the window suspension hooks (6.9, 6.10) and the joint provided in the attachments (6.22, 12.2, 12.3) connecting the window to the horizontal threshold-beam. Perpendicular to the surface of the curtain wall, as a result of the margin of rotation allowed for the square head bolt 12.2 of (12.3) and as a result of the margin allowed for the bolt in the incision 12.6 of the window frame section 12.7. Interlayer relative drift (σ) (7.7) in the direction is absorbed, and relative drift (σ) (8.6) in the direction parallel to the surface of the glass curtain wall is passed through the slide lines (2.3, 5.8, 6.8, 8.3). A seismic curtain wall characterized in that it is transmitted horizontally up to the end of and absorbed at the edges by a special angle profile, and by a similarly shaped side edge profile when there is a single exterior curtain wall in one plane. 6. The curtain wall structure according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the angle of the curtain wall structure is constructed by cutting the aluminum profile of the horizontal beams (9.3, 9.4) in the direction of the dividing line of the angles (9.1, 9.2). The entire glass curtain wall structure of each layer, including the angle sector, is firmly joined by sturdy parallel blades (9.6, 9.6) in such a way that the glass curtain wall structure is integrally moved along the displacement of the fixed layer slab. Seismic curtain wall characterized in that. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in order to absorb the relative drifts that collide at the edges of the curtain walls, an angle matching the angle of the corners of the building and a length that matches the drift σ to be absorbed. An angle profile consisting of the main inner leg 10.1 having is used, the drift σ being combined with the end 10.6 of the vertical section of the window frame reaching the highest point at the angle so that the overlap is always maintained, and also the end of the profile (10.7) and a seismic curtain wall characterized by being absorbed by parallel watertight legs (10.2, 10.3) with watertight gaskets meeting watertight requirements before and after an earthquake in combination with the end of glass (10.8). 8. The main leg (10.1) of the angle profile and the main leg (10.6) of the frame termination always overlap during processing of the drift along the diagonal of the building, and the glass plates are subjected to an earthquake. An earthquake resistant curtain wall, characterized in that it is chamfered at the edge 10.9 according to the expected diagonal drift (σ ') 10.10 in a manner to ensure that they do not collide with each other. 9. The angle profile 11. 1 according to claim 1, wherein the angle profile 11. 1 has a closed core 10.4 at its center and is angled by the closed core in order to allow drift in all directions to be absorbed. 10. Layer windows (11.2) using small plates and pins (11.5), such as clearance attachments (11.3) that allow free movement of the upper angle profile along the drift (rotational movement) of the glass curtain wall structure of the upper layer. The lower horizontal of the layer 11.6 is suspended from the lower side of the two upper horizontal lintel-beams of the layer 11.6 by means of an attachment 11.7 and a fin 11.8 provided at the lower end with the necessary clearance 11.9 allowing the vertical movement and rotation. A seismic curtain wall characterized by standing on a horizontal angle formed by a threshold-beam. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the seismic integration of the two parts of the fixed sector consisting of the structure and the windows is achieved in various ways, depending on the condition of the windows before or during the earthquake, Likewise, when the window remains closed, the stability of the window above the door 12.1 is achieved by means of screws 12.2 and angled holes 12.3 with holes for the screws and forks 12.4 cooperating with pins 12.5. The screws 12.2 and angle 12.3 hold and lock the windows against seismic forces perpendicular to the plane of the glass curtain wall corresponding to the positive or negative wind pressure, while absorbing the relative drift (7.1). A seismic curtain wall, which acts as a joint and also prevents oblique drift of the window to the door-beam 12.1 by means of attachment forks 12.4 and pins 12.5. The device according to claim 1, wherein all of the curtain wall grids 13.4 correspond to attachments at the top and vertical zone insert points of the window frame, ie forks 12.4 and pins 12.5. The attachment, which is a U-shaped plate (13.1) cooperating with the angle (13.2), is fixed for the purpose of cooperating with the fork to maintain the vertical joint firmly and invariably, and the attachment is fixed when the window is closed or at the moment of the earthquake. In this case, it will help the integrated operation of the fixed sector absorbing the drift (σ) through the slide line, and in parallel the attachment keeps the glass curtain wall structure fixed with no change in the rigidity and mechanical performance, so that the curtain wall after the earthquake A seismic curtain wall, which can be returned to its original state. The screw (12.2) and the angle (12.3) in place of the attachment according to any one of claims 1 to 11, when the window normally operates as a middle window, on the one hand, if the window is closed at the moment of the earthquake. Instead, the integration of the two parts of the fixing sector is achieved by placing a robust lock (14.1) with pins (14.2) that hold and fix the window against seismic forces perpendicular to the plane of the glass curtain wall to achieve relative drift (7.7). At the same time, an attachment consisting of a fork (12.4) and a pin (12.5) prevents any oblique drift of the window to the threshold-beam (12.1), and on the other hand, if the window is open at the moment of an earthquake, The integration of the two parts is achieved by brackets (14.1, 14.2) which keep the window open and secure it in combination with the attachments (13.1, 13.2) which remain permanently in place regardless. Wall with seismic curtains. The case of layers (2.1, 5.1, 6.1) according to claim 1, wherein in the case of curtain walls in which the glass panels are integrated from floor to floor, or from floor to floor of upper or lower floors or from floor to roof of the same floor, As long as the integrated glass panel at height 16.1 acts as a fixed sector, as in the case, the action of the slide lines 2.3, 5.8, 6.8, 8.3 is fully effective, but in this case two horizontal beams 6.6, 6.7 ) Are integrated into a single beam per layer (16.2), suspending the glass panel using double mutual hooks (16.5) of the same shape and operating method as in the case of windows, while functioning as door sills (16.3) and lintels (16.4). And wherein the single beam performs the same stabilization method (16.6) to ensure the action of the slide line by the support and dimensions of the various features corresponding to the structural and mechanical requirements of the project.

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