KR20090004958A - How to ensure a predetermined muzzle velocity of bullets for firearms and bullets designed according to this method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for firing bullets for firearms such as various types of shells (1, 26) from the filigree barrels (5a, 5b) such that the abrasion of the barrel from which the bullet is fired does not negatively affect the muzzle velocity of the bullet. will be. The present invention also includes a number of firearm bullets or shells (1, 26) constructed in accordance with the firing method and methods of making them. The present invention encompasses a number of different variants for solving the above mentioned problems, and the basic principle of all these variants is to adjust the band position of the shell according to the wear of the barrel so that the bands 9, 11 to 14 are independent of the wear of the barrel. , 19 to 21, 23 and 33), and to ensure that a full charge gas occlusion is always achieved between the starting point of the ancestor in the barrel.

Description

METHODS FOR ENSURING A PREDETERMINED MUZZLE VELOCITY OF AN ARTILLERY PROJECTILE AND PROJECTILES DESIGNED ACCORDING TO SAID METHOD}

The present invention relates to a method of firing firearm bullets, such as shells of various types, from rifled barrels, to a method in which the abrasion of the barrel from which the bullet is fired does not negatively affect the barrel muzzle velocity. The present invention also includes a number of firearm bullets or shells designed according to the above methods, and methods of making these bullets or shells.

When firing modern ammunition containing high energy content, the barrel from which the ammo is fired is subject to very large wear, and the wear of the barrel reaches the level at which the barrel is judged as defective (reject stage). Long before, such wear adversely affects the muzzle velocity (Vo) of bullets fired from the barrel. This problem is well known to those skilled in the art and there are several different methods available for measuring barrel wear. According to one of these methods, Δd25, the increase in diameter due to wear, is measured in millimeters across the land portion of the barrel ancestor at the beginning of the ancestor, i.e., 25 mm from the beginning of the ancestor. The older method is based on measuring what is called " kontrisse displacement " which measures the front creep of the starting point of the ancestor inside the barrel as abrasion. Entails. End faces that are inclined and continuously rising relative to the barrel axis are introduced into the land portion of the barrel, and for these end faces a band of bullets or shells must be loaded at home in the actual loading operation, so that the band In this so-called ram-home position it is possible to provide an effective forward gas occlusion within the barrel. Next, when the ammunition of the bullet is ignited, the charge gas formed in the rear of the bullet thus directs the bullet towards the front of the barrel under simultaneous deformation of the band, and the angular turning of the barrel ancestor imparts rotation to the bullet. However, in conventional loading, the actual loading home position of the bullet is mainly limited by factors other than the position of the starting point of the barrel barrel ancestors, which in particular the case position determines the position of the cartridge and thus the position of the bullet in the barrel. It is applied in limited so-called cartridge type ammunition. In such cartridge-type ammunition, the cartridge case and the bullet containing the charge are usually substantially integral with each other up to the firing point when the charge gas formed by the ignition of the charge discharges the bullet out of the case. Thus, primarily the chamber position of the barrel or the position of the case at the time of loading, usually defines the overall position of the cartridge within the barrel, which is substantially less abrasion than the actual barrel, since the case position is protected from hot gun gas by the cartridge case. do.

The above-described measuring method of measuring barrel wear thus measures a measure of barrel wear that most directly affects the muzzle velocity of bullets fired from the barrel, i.e. the actual starting point of the ancestor, ie the loading of the bullet in the barrel for firing. Refers to the measurement of barrel wear occurring near the original location. As pointed out above, in the case of new barrels, bullets are normally loaded at the same position in the barrel where the band of shells are properly contacted with the barrel ancestor, ie the starting point of the ancestor, at all times during firing. If a front creep of the starting point of the ancestors in the ancestor occurs, that is to say, if the starting point of the ancestor is away from the loading point of the bullet, in fact the starting point of the ancestors is in a worn barrel in which the starting point is moved forward from the barrel, i. In worn barrels where the inception of the ancestors has moved far away, a gap is initially formed between the inside of the barrel and the band of bullets before the bullets begin to move forward from the barrel, which ignites the bullet's charge. Causing leakage at the loading home position and the forwarding of the charge gas behind the band. High, so that the above-mentioned leakage michimyeo a negative effect on the gas and then the pressure of the rear projectile thereto consequently results in the bullet muzzle velocity is slower than the intended one, depending. This gas leak is clearly sealed as soon as the bullet begins to move forward and the band of bullet reaches a new wear position for the start of the ancestors, but the gas leak is still so large that Bofors uses conventional bullets or shells. In the case of 40 mm automatic anti-aircraft guns, even with the best possible anti-wear additive of titanium dioxide type, the muzzle velocity (Vo) will decrease by about 3% or about 30 m / sec after 700 barrels of fire. It is already predictable. In the same cannon that fires heavy shells, a 5% reduction in Vo reduces armor penetration by 8%.

The present invention can now provide a solution to this problem in that it outlines the general principles for maintaining the design muzzle velocity (Vo) of new barrels, even for worn barrels for certain types of bullets or shells. have. The present invention can now be divided into a number of different ways to embody this principle, some of which essentially mean that limited modifications should be made to the bullets or shells used in the present application. However, this variant is not so extensive that it cannot be applied to both existing multiple bullets or shells and newly manufactured shells or bullets.

The present invention thus ensures that, regardless of the abrasion of the barrel used for firing, a blockage between the filigree inner portion of the barrel used for firing and the shell band is achieved when the bullet or shell is pushed back into the loading position inside the barrel. It is characterized by.

Thus, the basic principle behind the present invention is that the positioning of the band of bullets or shells used for firing in relation to the starting point of the ancestor, ie the point at which the barrel ancestors begin, must be independent of the starting point of the ancestors in the barrel. The position of the bands changes with the wear of the barrel, so that the blockage between the bands of each bullet must be sufficient to be complete even in a badly worn barrel.

The first method for carrying out this basic principle is that the ammunition in the barrel of the bullet or shell used for firing is not completely determined at one time when the barrel is manufactured, as in the usual case, but instead each individual barrel to be fired. It means that it changes according to the actual position of the starting point of the ancestors in the barrel. Thus, this means that the loading home position for the shell or bullet moves continuously forward in the barrel according to the wear level of the barrel. From a purely practical point of view, this improvement of the invention means that the shell or bullet is loaded in place with respect to the point of contact between the start point of the ancestor and the band of bullets or shells, which point is the start point of the ancestor in the barrel. Regardless, the location of the contact point changes with the wear of the barrel.

If cartridge ammunition is later used for firing, that is, if ammunition is used in which the shell or bullet is combined with the cartridge case that holds the ammunition during the loading sequence, at the moment it is loaded in place, ie before the ignition is fired. If a bullet or shell is needed, the component must be loaded in place with a force that will soon detach it from the cartridge case, e.g. because it contains a so-called multi-hole charge made of so-called larger pieces or smaller components. Since the charge of the particles is vacuum packed, the charge is prevented from escaping from the barrel chamber location prior to ignition. The requirement according to the invention is that the case position of the filling casing in the barrel should not change even in the case of a worn barrel, while the band of shells or bullets must already form an effective occlusion to the starting point of the ancestor prior to firing. That is to say. Thus, in the case of a worn barrel, both the bullet and cartridge case are already separated from each other before the cartridge charge is ignited. This is because any degree of wear caused by the position of the cartridge inside the barrel as described above is less important than the axial creep of the start point of the filigree that varies with the wear of the barrel and the wear of the barrel.

It is also possible to implement the basic concepts behind the present invention by firing shells or bullets with slightly deformable bands, and the longitudinal position of the deformable bands provides a perfect occlusion for the starting point of the ancestors, even in severely worn barrels. When the material of the band is adjusted and loaded into a slightly worn barrel, the band is sufficiently deformed by the starting point of the ancestors, thus providing the same loading home position as in the case of a severely worn barrel.

Thus, according to this variant, the individual bullet or shell loading location inside the barrel can be maintained unchanged regardless of the abrasion of the barrel, while in any worn barrel the starting point of the ancestor and the shell or bullet The desired occlusion is achieved between the bands.

According to the above development of the modification of the present invention, a bullet-worn barrel provided with a relatively less deformed front band adapted for severely worn barrels and a rear more conventional band adapted for slightly worn barrels, and It is used for firing in both completely new barrels. The concept behind this structure is that in the case of a slightly worn barrel, the front band is sufficiently deformed when the bullet is actually loaded in place so that the rear more conventional band is in the correct position relative to the start point of the ancestor. will be. Similarly, the anterior band initially assumes a direct occlusion function in heavily worn barrels.

The next step in the improvement of the present invention is to have a longitudinally displaceable band of each shell, which is used for firing, and that the longitudinal position is changed when the shell or shell is loaded in place inside the barrel in which the shell is to be fired. Providing a bullet or shell that is adapted to a location that varies with the wear of the barrel. In a shell with a displaceable band, the band is thus in a more forward position in the longitudinal direction when in its initial position, and then the wear of the barrel when loading the shell in its original position inside the barrel is determined by the movable band and the ancestor. The position of the band which is movable through direct contact between the starting points of is adjusted according to the degree of wear. Thus, in the case of a new barrel, the resistance of the band to the starting point of the ancestors moves the band towards the rear position in the firing direction of the shell, while the band remains in the forward position in the case of a badly worn barrel. . In the case of shells with movable bands of the characteristic type of the invention, a complete occlusion at the start of the ancestor is thus always achieved, regardless of the barrel wear.

Another improvement of the bullet with a displaceable band also means that the band of the shell is divided into at least two different bands, at least one of which is disposed closest to the front end of the bullet or shell in the firing direction. The band of can be displaced within the longitudinal limit of the bullet. Thus, one of these two bands, i.e., the displaceable band in the front, performs the function of adjusting to the severely worn barrel in the front position, while in the rear position the lock is adapted to the other band, i.e. the less worn barrel. Function with the band in question.

This variant of the bullet with a displaceable front band and a fixed rear band is now reinforced by the next softer, ie plastically deformable middle part, while in a slightly worn barrel it limits the displacement of the movable band. This middle part improves the charge gas occlusion on the inside of the barrel. In the severely worn barrel, the soft middle part simultaneously ensures that the front displaceable band maintains the occlusion position as far forward as possible relative to the initiation point of the ancestors. The soft middle portion may then consist of a deformable copper, or copper-nickel alloy, or a heat resistant plastic.

According to another variant of the invention, a lip seal is provided in the band of bullets or shells by an entirely new structure, the lip seal angled backwards in the direction of firing the bullet or shell, at least Plastic deformation to some degree is possible. Thus, this band structure is fundamentally different from a predetermined plane, ie the angular circumferential surface of a conventional band, which band is radially located slightly outside of the actual circumferential surface of the bullet or shell, and the land portion of the barrel ancestors The effect of the fact that it invades the portion of the band located outside the circumferential surface is adapted to substantially fit inside the barrel alone. A new type of band proposed here with a lip seal angled backwards in the firing direction provides a band that is adapted directly to a barrel with different wear levels, while the outer flank of the lip seal It is possible to have the same deformation capacity as the angular circumferential surface of the conventional band to give the helical motion of the ancestor to the bullet in the form of the land portion of the barrel ancestor rotating in exactly the same way as the conventional band. As suitable materials for the aforementioned lip seals, soft pure copper or suitable copper alloys having the same properties are proposed. According to another refinement of the invention, the flange facing the rear of the lip seal in the firing direction of the bullet can be supported, for example, by a tubular support member or the like of a deformable copper tube, the tubular support member being considerably such a tubular component. The deformation capability of the lip seal is increased in that it includes an inner cavity that provides a large deformation area.

All aspects of the invention are now defined in the appended claims and are further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 shows a lateral projection of a bullet for firearms (shells).

FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional detail view of a part of a cartridge round loaded into a barrel intended to fit into the cartridge and of interest in the context of the present invention.

FIG. 2A is an enlarged view showing the portion enclosed by the ring of FIG. 2 in the novel barrel. FIG.

FIG. 2B is an enlarged view showing the portion enclosed by the ring of FIG. 2 in a badly worn barrel; FIG.

3 is an enlarged view showing the same protrusion as in FIG. 2 after loading in place in a badly worn barrel.

4 shows a conventional shell for comparison.

5 illustrates a shell in which a band is moved according to a modification of the present invention.

6 shows a shell with a dual band according to a variant of the invention.

7 shows a shell with a displaceable band according to a variant of the invention.

FIG. 7a is a detailed view of the shell according to FIG. 7 loaded in a new barrel; FIG.

7b shows a detail of the shell according to FIG. 7 loaded in a worn barrel;

8 is a detailed view of a variant of the shell according to FIG. 7 loaded in a new barrel.

9a is a detailed view of another variant of the shell according to FIG. 7 loaded in a new barrel.

FIG. 9B shows the same modification as FIG. 9A loaded in a worn barrel.

10A is a cross-sectional view illustrating the function of an entirely new type of shell band in a novel barrel.

FIG. 10B is a sectional view showing the function of the band according to FIG. 10A in a worn barrel; FIG.

11 is a partial cross-sectional view of a shell provided with a movable band.

In the drawings referred to below, several or all of the drawings show some different parts, and for practical reasons, how many of those parts may be shown in each drawing, regardless of the proportion in which these parts are shown in the various drawings. The same reference numerals are used for these parts in all the drawings, regardless of whether there is.

The following reference numbers are commonly used in all figures, where 1 indicates the shell (which may be provided with various types of bands), 2 indicates the forward sharpness of the shell, and 3 indicates the middle part of the shell surrounded by the band. 4 represents the rear portion of the shell, in the case of cartridge-type ammunition, a portion enclosed by a band that is fixed to each cartridge case until the moment of firing, and 5 represents the barrel in which the shell 1 is intended to be fired. Part, the new barrel is labeled 5a , the heavily worn barrel is labeled 5b , the front part of the cartridge case is labeled 6 , while 7a indicates the starting point of the ancestor in the new barrel, and 7b is worn The starting point of the ancestor in the barrel is shown, 8 means the interval between each band and the inner side of the worn barrel (5b). The firing direction of the bullet from the barrel is indicated by arrow a .

The shell 1 shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 2a and 2b is provided with a conventional band 9. As can be seen from FIG. 2A, this allows an effective occlusion for the starting point 7a of the ancestors in the new barrel 5a. In addition, it can be seen from FIG. 2b that there is a gap between the band 9 and the inside of the barrel by the band 9 of the same shell 1 when the shell is loaded in place in the worn barrel 5b. This is because the start point 7b of the ancestor was moved forward from the barrel according to the wear of the barrel 5b.

3 shows the result of loading the shell 1 in its original position in the worn barrel 5b. The shell is provided with a conventional band 10. As can be seen from the figure, the band allows a good occlusion for the starting point 7b of the ancestor which is further forward in the worn barrel 5b, but at the same time the shell 1 is loaded in place with a considerable force. Thus, it can be seen from the figure that the cartridge case 6 has moved out of the cartridge case 6 by a predetermined distance x in the figure. Therefore, this distance x is equal to the forward movement of the start point 7b of the ancestor in the direction of firing the barrel caused by the barrel wear.

The shell 1 shown in FIG. 4 is an overall conventional shell with a conventional band 11. In the figure, part of the shell 1 which is repeated with various band shapes in FIGS. 7 to 9 is indicated by dotted lines.

FIG. 5 now shows a variant of the present invention that includes providing a shell with a more forward band 12 intended to function in both the new and heavily worn barrels (shell in FIG. 4). Compare the position of the band 11 on (1) with the position of the band 12 on the shell 1]. As a result, the band 12 is made of an easily deformable material, so that when the shell is loaded in place in the new barrel, the band is deformed sufficiently so that the same ram-home position in the new barrel as well. In this loading in situ, the band is located relatively forward, which also allows for a complete occlusion of the starting point of the ancestor.

6 shows a variant of the invention, according to this variant, which is more conventional, preferably somewhat narrower and more easily deformable, and the band 11 in FIG. Both in bands are provided in the shell 1. Thus, according to this variant, the narrower band at the front must be sufficiently resistant when the shell is loaded in place in the new, unworn barrel, which is deformed to a sufficient extent to reduce the wear and tear of the barrel. This is because the loading of the shell is kept constant regardless. Thus, if the shell is located in the same loading original position in a badly worn barrel, the front band is responsible for the obstruction of the inside of the barrel.

7 shows another variant of the invention in which the band 14 of the shell 1 is made displaceable along the axis in the longitudinal direction of the shell so that both the new barrel and the barrel with varying degrees of wear are adjustable. It is shown. The band 14 is made axially displaceable and the range in which the band is axially displaced is indicated by 15 in the figure.

7A and 7B, the function of the displaceable band 14 is shown in more detail for the new barrel 5a and the heavily worn barrel 5b. As can be seen from FIG. 7A, the displaceable band 14 is in the rearmost position in the firing direction of the shell 1 when the shell is loaded in place in the new barrel 5a, which is the band 14. This is because it is already possible to occlude at this position. 7b also shows that when the shell 1 is loaded into the heavily worn barrel 5b, the band 14 is moved to the foremost position to enable the desired occlusion with respect to the inside of the barrel 5b. Can be. Reference numeral 16 denotes a splined guide, which ensures that the band does not start to slide in the grooves on the circumferential surface of the shell. This should ensure that the shell is given the desired rotation in the trajectory of the shell outside the barrel of the barrel regardless of the design shape of the band.

Referring now to FIG. 8, FIG. 8 shows another variant of the shell 1 provided with both a movable front band 17 and a more conventional fixed rear band 18. This variant only shows the case of a badly worn barrel. In the new, unworn barrel, its function is similar to that in FIG. 7A.

9A and 9B now show another variant of a band having a fixed band portion 20 and a movable band portion 19. The third band portion 21 is now disposed between the movable band portion 19 and the fixed band portion 20. This third band portion 21 is made of a ductile plastically deformable material and the dual function of the third band portion is always the front band portion 19 regardless of the wear of the particular barrel 5a, 5b used for firing. ) Ensures a satisfactory hermetic closure for the inside of the barrel and further improves this hermetic compression through compression of the third band portion.

10A and 10B also illustrate another improvement of the present invention, whereby the outer diameter of the band 22 of the shell 1 is made to be adjustable for both new and worn barrels. According to the invention, this flexibility is such that the band is configured with a lip seal 23 and this lip seal forms an angle towards the rear in the firing direction of the shell, while the band as a whole is plastically deformable to some extent. And made of a sufficiently soft material to achieve a groove inside the barrel filigree when it is fired through the barrel and to ensure that the shell has the desired rotation in the trajectory. As shown in FIG. 10A, the shell 1 with the band formed in this manner is the same as when the same shell is loaded in place in the heavily worn barrel 5b when loaded in place in the new barrel 5a. It will be in the loading position (see FIG. 10B). This is because the lip seal 23 allows for proper deformation of the band. As a support, the lip seal 23 on the inside of the shell, along with the annular, soft and compressible insert 24, is provided at the edge of the shell towards the rear in the firing direction of the shell, and the insert itself resembles a lip seal. It is annular and pressed into the annular groove 25 below the lip seal 23 of the actual band 22. The fact that the annular insert 24 is made of a deformable material and also has an interior cavity means that the lip seal 23 has an additional large deformation range.

11 is mainly included to illustrate a method of making a shell having a movable band. It also represents a variant of the invention.

FIG. 11 thus shows a partial cross-sectional view of the shell 26, which is assembled from the front half 27 of the shell, which is screwed inward at 28 , and then formed at the rear half 29 of the shell. It is screwed together with the rear half 29 of the shell via the male screw 30. An annular obturator 31 is also arranged at the connection between the shell halves. The halves 27 and 29 of the shell together have a common interior space 32 filled with explosives. The shell 26 is also provided with a movable band 33. In the assembled state, the band is displaceable from the initial front position to the rear position shown in the figure. The displacement of the band in the longitudinal direction of the shell is limited by the stop edge 35. Moreover, the band 33 is guided so as not to rotate on the splined groove / land portion 34 between the respective limit positions.

Thus, the concept behind this variant of the invention is that the band 33 is barreled rearward along the splined groove / land portion 34 depending on the wear position of the starting point of the ancestor when the shell is loaded in place from the barrel. Is to move to the position that best corresponds to the wear position.

The fact that the band must be displaceable but some limited resistance to such displacement is thus a feature of the invention.

The firing direction a and the shell 26 shown in FIG. 11 are very easy to assemble in that they are made of the front half 27 and the rear half 29 respectively screwed together. Two shell halves can be produced properly on a modern automatic machine. When assembling the shell, the copper band 33 is pressed over the splined groove / land portion 34 in the rear half 29 of the shell, and then the occluder 31 is assembled and the half of the shell ( 27 and 29 are screwed together. The shell then pours explosives into the space 32 described above and is ready to assemble the fuse.

The general method of manufacturing a banded explosive shell by screwing two shell parts together and first pressing the band across one of the shell halves is a simple distinction from assembling the actual band in different ways. to provide. Thus, this method is suitable for all types of shells that can be made in two halves.

Claims (16)

A method of firing a firearm bullet (1) from the filigree barrels (5a, 5b) to prevent the wear of the barrel from which the bullet is fired does not negatively affect the muzzle velocity of the bullet. Starting points 7a, 7b of the ancestors, ie the bands of bullets or shells 1 used for firing in relation to the point where the barrel ancestors begin (9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 17, 19, 21) The position of is independent of the starting point (7a, 7b) of the ancestor in the barrel, the position of the starting point of the ancestor changes according to the wear of the barrel, the position of the band according to the actual position of the starting point of the ancestor Method of firing a bullet for firearms, characterized in that it is adjusted in the longitudinal direction. The bullet or shell (1) used to load the barrels (5a, 5b) to the point of contact between the band (10) of the bullet or shell (1) and the starting point (7a, 7b) of the ancestors. Loaded in place, the contact point is irrelevant to the starting point of the ancestors inside the barrel, the position of the contact point is fired bullet fire method characterized in that it changes according to the wear of the barrel. The cartridge or ammunition (1) according to claim 2, wherein when cartridge-type ammunition is used to load the barrel, at the moment it is loaded in its original position, that is, before the cartridge is ignited, if necessary, the cartridge or shell (1) is already released from the cartridge case (6). The method of firing a bullet for firearms, characterized in that the bullet is loaded into the original position by the force to leave). 2. A shell or bullet (1) with a band (12) is used during firing, wherein the position of the band is adjusted in accordance with the abrasion of the barrel in the longitudinal direction of the bullet or shell (1) to A method of firing a bullet for a firearm, characterized in that the loading location of the bullet or shell can be maintained unchanged regardless of the abrasion of the barrels (5a, 5b). Bullet (1) according to claim 4, wherein, at launch, a bullet (1) is provided with a front band (13) adjusted for a severely worn barrel (5b) and a rear band (11) adjusted for a slightly worn barrel (5a). Method for firing a bullet for firearms, characterized in that used. 5. A shell or bullet (1) according to claim 4, wherein at launch, a shell or bullet (1) is provided which is provided with a band (14, 17, 19) which is displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the shell or bullet, each of which is loaded in place. When the longitudinal position of the band is adjusted for a position that varies with the degree of wear of the barrel (5a, 5b). 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein at launch, the first band 14, 17, 19 and the longitudinal fixation of the bullet or shell are displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the bullet or shell and adjusted to the somewhat worn barrel 5b. And a bullet (1) having a second rear band (18, 20) which is adjusted for a less worn barrel. 8. The shell or bullet (1) according to claim 7, wherein at launch, a shell or bullet (1) is used in which a flexible occluder ring (21) is fitted between the movable band (19) of the shell or bullet and the fixed band (20). Method of firing bullet for firearm. As a bullet or shell 1 for carrying out the firing method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, At least one band 12 is provided, the position of the band being adjusted in accordance with the wear of the barrel in the longitudinal direction of the bullet or shell 1 such that the in situ loading of the bullet or shell in the barrel is determined by the barrel 5a, 5b. A bullet or shell, which can be kept unchanged regardless of the degree of wear. Bullet or shell according to claim 9, characterized in that a front band (13) is adjusted for the severely worn barrel (5b) and a rear band (11) is adjusted for the slightly worn barrel (5a). 11. The method of claim 9 or 10, wherein at least one band (14, 17, 19) displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the bullet or shell is provided, the longitudinal position of the band when the bullet or shell is loaded in place, respectively. A bullet or shell, characterized in that it is adjusted for a position that varies with the degree of wear of the barrel (5a, 5b). 12. The first band 14, 17, 19 and the bullet or shell according to any one of claims 9 to 11, adjusted to the longitudinally displaceable and somewhat worn barrel 5b of the bullet or shell. The bullet or shell, characterized in that a second rear band (18, 20) is provided which is fixed in the longitudinal direction of the barrel and adjusted for the less worn barrel. Bullet or shell according to claim 12, characterized in that it comprises a flexible obturator ring or third band (21) fitted between the movable band (19) of the shell or bullet and the fixed band (20). A bullet or shell 1 for carrying out the firing method according to claim 1, comprising at least one band provided with a lip seal 23, which lip seal is angled backwards slightly in the firing direction of the bullet. A bullet or shell, characterized in that it is not rigid enough to be deformed in the worn barrel, but allows occlusion during the initial stages of firing in a heavily worn barrel (5b). A method of manufacturing a banded shell 26 constructed according to any one of claims 9 to 14, wherein the shell 26 is made of two halves 27 and 29 screwed together, One half 29 of the shell has a threaded connection 30 and is introduced into the other half of the shell on which the female thread 28 is formed at the time of assembly, and the band 33, once individually manufactured, is shelled. A method of making a shell, characterized in that it is placed in an intended position pressed directly over any one of the halves of the adjacent connection portion. 16. A manufacturing method for manufacturing a shell having at least one movable band formed according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the band 33 intended to move is a shell. The splined groove / land portion 34 formed on either half 27 or 29 of the shell, pressed downwards to a forward position in the shell's intended firing direction (a), after which the half (27 and 29) is a method for producing a shell, characterized in that the screwed together.

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