KR20060040621A - The construction method excavating underground plaza - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of excavating an underground plaza by excavating a vertical shaft using a laser climber and excavating a rampway from the top to the bottom along the inner circumference of the installation space, and then from the top to the horizontal and the bottom. 2 Excavating at least one vertical shaft upward by using a raise climber from both fixed positions of the horizontal port to the ceiling position of the underground square, and constant along the inner circumferential portion that forms the four-sided sidewall of the underground square from one end wall of the first horizontal port. Digging upwards to form a rampway to the ceiling portion; digging in a horizontal direction from the top of the rampway toward the interior of the underground square; forming a top layer of the underground square; The process of excavating to the depths to form the next layer Comprising the steps to complete the space for the underground plaza by repeating to the basement of the underground plaza, not only to prevent the excavation of unnecessary lamp tunnels and air delays, but also to prevent the increase of expenses. It is possible to prevent the production cost and air delay caused by the uprising caused by the excavation and the production of short pipe scaffolding and work platform.

Underground Square, Raise Climber, Vertical Gang, Lampway

Description

The construction method excavating underground plaza}

1 is a side cross-sectional view schematically showing an excavation method using a plurality of lamp tunnels that is a conventional underground square excavation method.

Figure 2 is a side cross-sectional view schematically showing a method for gradually excavating by a manpower from the bottom to the top which is a conventional underground square excavation method.

3 is a side cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the first horizontal term excavated in the square bottom portion of the second underground excavation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view schematically illustrating a second horizontal term and a vertical shaft excavated in a square bottom part as a third step in an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a side cross-sectional view schematically showing to explain the excavation of the vertical shaft, the fourth step in an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 6 is a side cross-sectional view schematically showing a rampway excavation, the fifth step in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view illustrating a state in which a rampway excavation in a fifth step is completed in a space where an underground plaza is to be formed.

FIG. 8 is a side cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the excavation of the uppermost layer of the underground square in the sixth step of the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an excavation method of each layer in the sixth and seventh steps in an embodiment of the present invention.

10 is a signal flow diagram showing the overall sequence of the underground plaque excavation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

11 is a signal flow diagram showing a procedure of a vertical pit excavation method using a laser riser according to an embodiment of the present invention.

<Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

100: horizontal tunnel 200: first horizontal port

300, 300 ': second horizontal port 400, 400': vertical shaft

420: Raise climber unit 500: Lampway

The present invention relates to a method for excavating an underground plaza, and more specifically, by excavating a vertical shaft using a laser climber after excavating a horizontal port, and digging a rampway from the top to the bottom along the inner circumference of the installation space. It is about a method of excavating an underground plaza.

When it is necessary to secure a certain space inside the underground tunnel, especially when developing a mine, when the crusher room or the machine room should be installed in the pit, the underground plaque should be formed by excavating the rock and soil in the location to be installed. As an excavation method for this purpose, an excavation method using a plurality of lamp tunnels and a method of gradually excavating by manpower from the bottom to the top were used.

1 is a side cross-sectional view schematically showing an excavation method using a plurality of lamp tunnels that is a conventional underground square excavation method. As shown in FIG. 1, in the excavation method using a lamp tunnel, a plurality of rampways 20, 20 ′, 20 ″ are excavated up and down on a portion 10 on which a square is to be installed, and then the uppermost lampway 20. Starting from the excavation of the square portion 10, the generated force 30 is loaded onto the truck 40 entered through the rampway 20 and then carried out, and then a constant rampway 20 'formed below. The buoyancy force 30 generated by excavating downward to the depth is a method of loading and unloading the truck 40 entered through the rampway 20 ', and repeating these operations to the bottom of the square bottom to form an underground plaza. do.

That is, the above method is a method of excavating and forming a plurality of rampways (20, 20 ', 20 ") at the position where the underground plaza is to be formed, and then excavating the square using the rampways (20, 20', 20"). In addition, the manpower and equipment required for the square excavation as well as the force 30 generated during the excavation process are also carried out through the rampways 20, 20 'and 20 ".

However, in order to use the method as described above, before the excavation of the square portion 10, a plurality of rampways 20, 20 ', 20 "must be excavated for each section on the side of the square portion 10 in advance so that the underground There is a problem that a number of unnecessary tunnels to the outside of the square occurs, there is a problem that the delay of the air as well as the increase in manpower, equipment and construction costs associated with excavating such a tunnel.

In addition, Figure 2 is a side cross-sectional view schematically showing a method of gradually excavating by a manpower from the bottom to the top which is a conventional underground square excavation method. As shown in FIG. 2, the method of gradually excavating from the lower part to the upper part by excavating the horizontal port 21 to the position forming the bottom of the underground square and excavating the square by a plurality of times excavating the upper surface gradually to a higher position. As a forming method, when the upper surface is drilled and blasted, blasting force 30 is generated, and at the next excavation, the worktable 60 is made by using a short pipe scaffold 50 on the force 30 generated above. Repeat the method of performing the next excavation several times to complete the underground plaza.

However, this method is a method of excavation by manpower and there is a risk of not knowing when the upper rock is broken, there is a problem of human life in the event of an accident, install a short pipe scaffold (50) on the blasting force (30) and the work table (60) on it. ), There was a problem that causes delays in the air and increase in construction costs, such as time to assemble him.

The present invention is to solve the above problems, the technical problem of the present invention is to excavate the vertical shaft using the laser riser after the horizontal port excavation and using the rampway formed along the inner circumference of the installation space from the bottom to the top to the bottom from the top By digging more gradually, the underground plaque excavation method can reduce construction costs and delay air without risking unnecessary tunneling or accidents.

In order to achieve the above technical problem, the present invention, the first step of modeling and measuring the underground square to be installed in the ground; A second step of digging a first horizontal term in a longitudinal direction from a predetermined position at which excavation starts to a short wall position of a square portion set by the surveying; A third step of digging the second horizontal term in both directions in a transverse direction from the square center point of the first horizontal term to both side wall positions; A fourth step of digging at least one vertical shaft upward by using a raise climber from both predetermined positions of the second horizontal term to a ceiling position of the underground square; A fifth step of excavating upwards at a predetermined angle along an inner circumferential portion of the first horizontal port from one end wall of the first horizontal port to form a four-sided sidewall of the underground square to form a rampway to the ceiling portion; A sixth step of excavating in a horizontal direction from the top of the ramp toward the inside of the underground square to form a top layer of the underground square; And a seventh step of excavating the next layer to a predetermined depth by the area of the underground square from the uppermost layer and repeating the formation of the next layer to the bottom of the underground square, thereby completing a space in which the underground square will be installed.

The vertical shaft excavation using the laser climber of the fourth stage includes: a step of excavating the initial vertical shaft and installing a station on the horizontal port ceiling at the position where the vertical shaft is to be excavated; B) installing a laser riser unit on side walls of the ceiling and the initial vertical shaft of the horizontal port; (C) drilling a blast hole in the vertical gangway using the workbench of the unit and blasting by blasting the blast hole; D) ventilating after the blasting and processing the generated pumice stone; An e-step of reinforcing the wall surface of the vertical shaft and installing a rail additionally near the close of the excavated vertical shaft; And repeating the third to fifth steps until the excavation is completed.

The buoyancy generated by the rampway excavation in the fifth step may be discharged through the rampway in which excavation is in progress until reaching the vertical shaft excavated in the fourth step and discharged downward through the vertical shaft after the vertical shaft passes.

In addition, the force generated by the excavation of the horizontal layer in the sixth step and the force generated by the repeated excavation of the horizontal layer in the seventh step may be discharged downward through the vertical shaft.

Hereinafter, the configuration according to an embodiment of the underground plaque excavation method according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a first horizontal term excavated in a square bottom portion as a second step of the underground plaque excavation method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a schematic cross sectional view schematically illustrating a second horizontal term and a vertical shaft excavated in a square bottom portion, which is a third stage in the example, and FIG. 5 illustrates excavation of a vertical shaft, which is a fourth stage in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 is a side cross-sectional view schematically shown for explaining, Figure 6 is a side cross-sectional view schematically showing a rampway excavation, the fifth step in an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 7 is a space to form an underground square Figure 8 is a perspective view showing the completion of the rampway excavation of the fifth step, Figure 8 is a side end schematically shown to explain the excavation of the uppermost layer of the underground square of the sixth step in an embodiment of the present invention 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the excavation method of each layer in the sixth and seventh steps in an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 10 is a view according to an embodiment of the present invention Fig. 11 is a signal flow diagram showing the overall sequence of the underground plaque excavation method, Figure 11 is a signal flow chart showing the sequence of the vertical gang excavation method using the laser riser according to an embodiment of the present invention.

First, in the first step (S1) is a step of modeling and surveying the underground plaza to be installed in the underground, the portion 10 to be excavated underground plaque is characterized by the characteristics of the rock and geology, location and type of obstacles, environmental impacts, etc. Depending on the site conditions, various restrictions occur. In order to minimize construction costs and environmental pollution (noise and vibration), it is necessary to grasp the exact rock coefficient and vibration estimation equation and select an appropriate construction method. After roughing, modeling and designing will be done in the optimal construction method, and accordingly surveying the exact excavation location in the ground of the site where the underground square will be installed.

The underground plaza may be formed in a hexahedral shape, as illustrated in the drawings, or may be formed in a cylindrical shape, and may be formed in various various forms depending on the facilities to be installed therein or required conditions.

Next, in the second step S2, as shown in FIG. 2, the horizontal tunnel 100 connected to the underground plaza is excavated, and then the underground plaza 110 from the barrier 110 of the horizontal tunnel, which is the entrance position of the underground plaza. The first horizontal term 200 extending from the horizontal tunnel 100 is excavated to the position 210 at which the opposite sidewall is formed. The first horizontal port 200 is excavated across the center of the basement floor 11 in the longitudinal direction to the opposite wall surface location 210.

Next, in the third step S3, as shown in FIG. 3, the second horizontal term 300, 300 ′ from the first horizontal term 200 excavated above to both sidewall positions 310 and 310 ′ are provided. This is excavated in the transverse direction, the starting point is excavated in the transverse direction to start from the central point of the basement floor to both side wall positions (310, 310 '). That is, the excavation is performed from the central point of the underground square inside the first horizontal port 200 to the wall positions 310 and 310 'of both sides of the underground square in the direction orthogonal to the first horizontal port 200. Two second horizontal terms 300, 300 ′ are excavated from both sides of the center of 200.

Excavation of the first and second horizontal terms (200, 300, 300 ') is made in the order of drilling, charging, blasting, ventilation, pumice removal and reinforcement, which will be described in detail as follows. In other words, using the drilling equipment to drill holes on the surface of the rock and load the gunpowder and then blasted in the evacuation state by the worker evacuation and ventilation and pumice removal according to the blasting proceeds a certain distance excavation, the process is excavated The excavation of the horizontal term is completed by repeating to the end point. Through the above process, when the first and second horizontal ports 200, 300, and 300 'located on the floor of the square are excavated, a space for the wheel loader and the dump truck, which is the vehicle loading equipment, is secured, 30 is loaded on the truck 40 entering the horizontal tunnel 100 is carried out to the outside.

Next, in the fourth step S4, as shown in FIG. 5, the vertical shaft is raised by using the raise climber 430 from both predetermined positions of the second horizontal ports 300 and 300 ′ to the ceiling position of the underground square. Excavate (400, 400 '). The vertical shafts 400 and 400 'are denoted by reference numerals 400 and 400' in FIG. 4, and are used as a passage for carrying out the force 30 generated during the upper excavation inside the square. The vertical shafts 400 and 400 'may be installed at any position of the second horizontal port 300 and 300', but one vertical shaft 400 and 400 'may be provided at adjacent positions of both sidewalls 310 and 310'. It is preferable for easy removal of the force 30 during excavation inside the square.

5 and 11, the excavation of the vertical shafts 400 and 400 'is performed as follows. Since the vertical shafts 400 and 400 'have the same left and right sides, only excavation of one side will be described with reference to FIG. 5. First, the vertical vertical shaft is excavated on the ceiling of the second horizontal port 300 so that the laser climber unit 420 may be installed (T1).

The workshop 410 serves as a base area for the installation and installation of the raise climber unit 420, the supply and demand of manpower and equipment required for the construction of the vertical shaft 400, and the carrying out of the force 30 according to blasting and pumice. Next, the laser riser unit 420 is installed on the ceiling of the second horizontal port 300 and the side wall of the initial vertical shaft 400 (T2).

The laser climbing unit 420 is a guide rail 421 which is fixed to the anchor from the ceiling of the second horizontal port 300 to the side wall of the vertical shaft 400, and a worktable that can move along the guide rail 421 ( 422, and a power source 423 for moving the work platform 422, by the work platform 422, as well as the equipment necessary for excavation to move the worker from the workshop 410 to the vertical shaft 400 You can. Therefore, the worker ascends up to the closet of the vertical sphere 400 by riding the worktable 422 and makes a plurality of perforations in the ceiling of the closet, charges explosives in the perforations, and descends to evacuate to a safe area before blasting ( T3). Accordingly, the burrow of the required area in the range of 3 to 30 m 2 is formed upward of the initial vertical shaft 400.

Ventilation and pumice removal according to the blasting and reinforcing the wall to the membrane of the deeper vertical shaft 400 in accordance with the excavation and then additionally installed guide rails (421) (T4, T5).

The guide rail 421 is connected to the pre-installed guide rail 421 is fixed to the side wall of the vertical shaft 400 as an anchor. The sever force 30 generated by the blasting and pumice removal is loaded on the truck 40 flowing into the work place and is carried out to the outside.

As described above, the excavation of the vertical shaft using the laser climber is repeated until the ceiling position of the underground square is reached, which is illustrated in FIG. 11.

When the excavation of the vertical shaft 400 by the above method is completed, a fifth step S5 of excavating the lampway along the inner circumference of the square from the bottom of the underground square to the ceiling is constructed.

In the fifth step, as shown in FIG. 6, the rampway 500 is excavated upward by a predetermined angle from one side wall of the first horizontal port 200 membrane to the ceiling along the inner side of the wall of the underground square. That is, to form a tunnel at an angle to the ceiling along the inner circumference of the underground square. The rampway 500 is excavated at an upward angle of 20 to 40 degrees, and particularly preferably maintained at about 30 degrees. If the slope is too small, it is difficult to excavate an excessively long tunnel to the square ceiling, and if the slope is too large, it is difficult to move workers and equipment required for excavation along the excavated rampway 500.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view illustrating the formation space 10 of the underground square in which the first horizontal term 200, the second horizontal term 300, the vertical shaft 400, and the lampway 500 are excavated. The five stages of excavation work are shown.

Meanwhile, the blasting force 30 generated by excavating the lamp tunnel 500 while traveling along the inner side of the wall surface of the underground plaza is excavated until it meets the vertical shaft 400 excavated in the fourth step S4. It is carried out through the rampway 500 and is carried out through the vertical shaft 400 from the place where it meets the vertical shaft 400. As described above, when the lampway 500 is completely excavated along the inner side of the wall from the bottom of the underground square to the ceiling, the process of the sixth step S6 is performed to form the uppermost part 12 of the square as a next step.

In the sixth step S6, as shown in FIG. 8, the rock and soil of the portion 10 to form an inner square at the uppermost end of the rampway 500 are blasted and excavated in a horizontal direction to form the uppermost part of the underground plaza 12. To form the internal space of The excavation method uses a method of sequentially excavating from the wall portion 14 of the underground square toward the center as shown in FIG. 9, and the arrow 600 of FIG. 8 indicates this and the order is counterclockwise or clockwise. Either way, it is irrelevant as long as it is executed sequentially. In the case of excavation, the rock is processed in the order of perforation, charging, blasting, ventilation, removal of stones and reinforcement, and in the case of earth and sand, processing using excavation equipment entered through the rampway 500.

The generated force 30 is discharged to the square bottom 11 through the vertical shaft 400 excavated in the fourth step (S4), which is the truck entered through the horizontal tunnel 100 and the horizontal port (200) It is carried out to 40 and carried out to the outside. After excavating the upper part of the square as described above can be carried out with reinforcement for the ceiling portion (13).

Finally, in the seventh step S7, the entire space of the underground plaza is formed by digging downward by a predetermined depth based on the top 12 of the square formed in the sixth step S6. This will be described in detail as follows.

Since the height of the underground square is up to about 70m, it cannot be excavated at one time, so the excavation of a certain depth is repeatedly performed several times. The excavation depth at one time may be different depending on necessity. In consideration of the amount of production, etc., it is appropriate to set it as about 2-4 m, and it is most preferable to set it as about 3 m especially. The excavation method of the lower layer first uses a method of excavating the lower part of one point, and then sequentially excavating toward the central part from the wall portion 14 of the underground square as in the sixth step S6 based on the excavation. In the case of rock, excavation is carried out in the order of perforation, charging, blasting, ventilation, removal of stones and reinforcement to form internal space.

At this time, the generated force 30 is discharged to the square bottom 11 through the vertical shaft 400 excavated in the fourth step S4 and the truck 40 entered through the horizontal tunnel 100 and the horizontal port 200. It is loaded on and taken out to the outside.

As such, when the upper space of the square is formed, the next floor is excavated based on the space, and the excavation process is the same as the excavation method, and the excavation process is repeated until the square bottom 11 is reached. .

When the processing of the bubbling 30 generated in the seventh step is completed, the space 10 where the underground plaza is to be installed is completed. The underground plaza is completed by reinforcing the walls and floors and ceilings of all four sides and installing necessary facilities. .

The reinforcement work applies the reinforcement work in the NATM method which is economically advantageous and is easy to cope with the soil change used in general underground tunnel excavation. The conventional method uses steel ribs and linings as the main support materials, while the NATM method uses the shotcrete and rock bolts as the main support materials. By reinforcing the surface, construction can be carried out effectively even in areas with weak rock. The process determines the shape of the support and excavation based on the data from the geological survey, the support form is determined by the thickness of the shotcrete (Shotcrete) and the length of the rock bolt (Rock Bolt) according to the type of rock. In general, the thickness of the shotcrete reaches 10 to 20 cm and the length of the rock bolt is 4 to 6 m. The weaker the ground, the thicker and longer the support. Shotcrete is used to stabilize the excavation surface of tunnel ceiling immediately after tunnel excavation. There are wet and dry methods. Today, wet is easier to work with, less dusty, and more economical. The shotcrete formulation consists of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water and quickener.

The construction method pushes the mixed cement mortar into compressed air and sprays it through the nozzle to place it on the surface. When sprayed through the nozzle, it is easily attached to the surface by the addition of a fastener. Rock bolt stabilizes the ground by connecting the excavated ground and surrounding ground with rock bolt. Types of rock bolts are classified into tip fixing type and front adhesive type according to the fixing method. Construction is mainly a method using resin, which involves injecting resin into a hole in a rock and inserting a rock bolt. In this insertion process, the resin reacts and hardens so that the rock bolt is firmly fixed to the rock.

Underground excavation method according to an embodiment of the present invention is completed by going through the excavation process and reinforcement process as described above, Figure 10 shows one signal flow diagram.

According to the underground square excavation method of the present invention as described above, excavation of the vertical shaft using the laser climber after the horizontal port excavation and gradually excavation from the top to the bottom using a rampway formed along the inner circumference of the installation space from the bottom to the top As a result of the reduction, unnecessary excavation of the lamp tunnel and air delay caused by the conventional method can be prevented, as well as an increase in expenses. There is an effect that can prevent the production cost and air delay caused by the risk and production of short pipe scaffolding and workbench.

Claims (7)

A first step of modeling and surveying an underground plaza to be installed underground; A second step of digging a first horizontal term in a longitudinal direction from a predetermined position at which excavation starts to a short wall position of a square portion set by the surveying; A third step of digging the second horizontal term in both directions in a transverse direction from the square center point of the first horizontal term to both side wall positions; A fourth step of digging at least one vertical shaft upward by using a raise climber from both predetermined positions of the second horizontal term to a ceiling position of the underground square; A fifth step of excavating upwards at a predetermined angle along an inner circumferential portion of the first horizontal port from one end wall of the first horizontal port to form a four-sided sidewall of the underground square to form a rampway to the ceiling portion; A sixth step of excavating in a horizontal direction from the top of the ramp toward the inside of the underground square to form a top layer of the underground square; And A seventh step of completing the space in which the underground square is to be installed by repeating the excavation from the uppermost layer to a predetermined depth by the area of the underground square to form the next layer to the bottom of the underground square; Underground square excavation method characterized in that consisting of. The method of claim 1, wherein the vertical shaft excavation using the laser climber of the fourth step comprises the steps of: digging an initial vertical shaft and installing a station on a horizontal port ceiling at a position where the vertical shaft is to be excavated; B) installing a laser riser unit on side walls of the ceiling and the initial vertical shaft of the horizontal port; (C) drilling a blast hole in the vertical gangway using the workbench of the unit and blasting by blasting the blast hole; D) ventilating after the blasting and processing the generated pumice stone; An e-step of reinforcing the wall surface of the vertical shaft and installing a rail additionally near the close of the excavated vertical shaft; And The underground plaque excavation method, characterized in that to repeat the third to fifth steps until the excavation is completed. The underground square excavation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each of the vertical shafts is provided at a position adjacent to the sidewalls of the underground squares of the second horizontal port. The method of claim 1, wherein the buckling force generated by the rampway excavation in the fifth step is carried out through the rampway in which excavation is in progress until reaching the vertical shaft excavated in the fourth step, and after passing through the vertical shaft, Underground square excavation method characterized in that the discharge. The method of claim 1, wherein the rampway is underground underground excavation method characterized in that the excavation to the ceiling along the inner side wall surface of the underground square at an upward angle of 20 to 40 degrees. The method of claim 1, wherein the force generated by excavation of the horizontal layer in the sixth step and the force generated by repeated excavation of the horizontal layer in the seventh step are discharged downward through the vertical shaft. Underground Plaza Excavation. The underground square excavation method according to claim 1, wherein in the seventh step, the excavation is performed at a depth of 2 to 4 m from the uppermost layer to an underground square area to form the next layer.

Images