KR200409176Y1 - A fabricated Block for Retaining Wall and laying Structure using the Block - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a prefabricated retaining wall block and its masonry structure, wherein the block includes a stone part including a decorative stone on the front surface, and a concrete part integrally manufactured with the stone part and attached to a rear surface of the stone part. It is characterized by being able to finish external finishing construction only by masonry of blocks.

In addition, the concrete part is to delay the progress of baekhwa phenomenon or one of the inevitable defects that occur after the retaining wall masonry by forming a stepping step or by including a side groove so that the horizontal drainage or side drainage is formed It is characterized by the fact that it can be presented.

Retaining wall block, stone part, concrete part, first concrete part, second concrete part, side groove, upper surface, lower surface, upper step, lower step, horizontal drain, side drain, reinforcement

Description

A fabricated block for retaining wall and laying structure using the block

1 is an overall perspective view showing an embodiment of the present invention

Figure 2a is a left side view of the subject innovation and Figure 2b is a plan view of the subject innovation

Figure 3a is an illustration of the masonry state of the present invention showing that the horizontal drainage is generated when the block of the present invention is vertically

Figure 3b is an illustration of the masonry state of the present invention showing that the side drainage channel is generated when the block of the present invention is horizontally tapped

Figure 4 is an illustration of the masonry state for the present invention

<Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

  1: Retaining wall block 10: Stone part

 30 concrete part 31 first concrete part

 33: second concrete part 331: side groove

332: upper surface 333: lower surface

334 back: 335 side

110: upper step 130: lower step

 50: horizontal drainage channel 70: side drainage channel

 90: reinforcement

The present invention relates to a prefabricated retaining wall block and its masonry structure, wherein the block includes a stone part including a decorative stone on the front surface, and a concrete part integrally manufactured with the stone part and attached to a rear surface of the stone part. It is possible to finish the external finishing work only by the masonry of the block, and also the concrete part may have a stepped groove or a side groove included to form a horizontal drainage channel and a side drainage channel during the masonry of the block. The present invention relates to a prefabricated retaining wall block capable of delaying the progress of whitening or suggesting a reduction plan for whitening and its masonry structure.

In general, the retaining wall refers to a wall structure for preventing the collapse of soil by resisting soil pressure, and is commonly used for efficient use of land in mountainous lands and high land prices. In other words, it is used to pile up soil, cut down mountains, or fill up the coast.In order to prevent the collapse of earth and sand, it is necessary to construct embankments, road side walls, apartment complexes, construction to ensure slope safety, bridge shift wing wall construction, and waterway construction. It was common to build retaining walls using blocks made of concrete on the back, and recently, many stone blocks are used in the construction of retaining walls, and the stone blocks are made of natural stone or artificial stone in the shape of plate in front and concrete in the back. It is composed of concrete parts cured by pouring.

However, when the retaining wall is constructed using the stone block or the conventional concrete block, many problems may occur when a considerable time has elapsed after the retaining wall is constructed, especially in the case of the concrete used in the stone block and the conventional concrete block, Heat is applied to the limestone stone to add cement (outside the plaster) to make cement, and the cement is mixed with water, sand, and gravel to form concrete, and thus the limestone is included in the concrete or other causes. After a considerable time has elapsed after the retaining wall construction, a whitening phenomenon that inevitably lowers the aesthetics of the structure will inevitably occur.

In particular, the retaining wall constructed of stone blocks has a merit of being excellent in appearance because a lot of stone is observed on the front surface of the retaining wall, which is widely used in the industry, but the stone blocks cause whitening phenomenon due to the concrete placed behind the stone plate. Therefore, there is a problem that the beauty of the built retaining wall is damaged.

The bleaching phenomenon is caused by various causes and factors. In particular, in the case of the retaining wall block, water flowing from the soil side located at the rear end of the retaining wall penetrates to the joint surface of the constructed stone block, and is produced after chemical reaction with concrete. Salt does not escape and flows to the front side of the stone plate, which pollutes the front of the stone plate, which is the most common case of whitening.

Therefore, even if the price is a little expensive because of the large amount of stone observed on the front and the beautiful appearance, the whitening phenomenon occurs after a long time after the retaining wall is constructed, even in the case of the stone block which is used in combination with stone and concrete. Like or more than a conventional concrete block, the result is a decrease in the appearance of the built retaining wall.

The bleaching phenomenon is a kind of defects in concrete structures such as cracks, leaks, ruptures, and the like, and may be referred to as a problem of concrete neutralization. Concrete neutralization is an important problem that is closely related to the appearance and lifespan of the completed retaining wall and other structures.

In the conventional concept, the concrete structure is considered to be semi-permanent and its longevity is about 60 ~ 65 years, but recently, the environmental pollution caused by industrial development, the increase of surface carbon dioxide concentration, the acceleration of concrete deterioration due to acid rain, and the aggregate It is pointed out in foreign studies that the lifespan is actually shortened by factors such as the use of seaweed due to depletion. In recent years, the actual example of Japan is the neutralization of concrete to 20mm depth after 16-17 years. It is said to be enough.

In order to solve the problems of the concrete neutralization, in particular, the problem of the bleaching phenomenon, it is necessary to find out the cause of the bleaching phenomenon. Therefore, it is necessary to first find out the chemical properties and components of the concrete. Examine the cause and cause of the bleaching phenomenon.

In the case of hardened concrete, it shows strong alkalinity by calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) ₂ ), which is a hydration product, so that the concrete is carbonated by carbonic acid gas in the atmosphere or alkaline neutralized due to acid rain or washed by water to lose alkalinity. When the process is as follows.

[Chemical Reaction Formula]

CaO + H ₂ O = Ca (OH) ₂ → Ca (OH) ₂ + CO ₂ = CaCO ₃ + H ₂ O

Quicklime + water = slaked lime → slaked lime + carbon dioxide = calcium carbonate + water

[Occurrence process]

That is, quicklime, a soluble component in cement, is dissolved in water to form hydrated lime, and alkaline hydrated lime reacts with carbon dioxide in the air again to become calcium carbonate, a white insoluble salt. The white insoluble salt is called whitening. The phenomenon in which the aesthetics of the assembled structure is significantly lowered is called baekhwa phenomenon.

The occurrence of the bleaching phenomenon is very many and very complicated in addition to the above cases, but in one word, salts dissolved in water move to the surface, and water evaporates and salts precipitate on the surface, as salt is made in seawater. In order for bleaching to occur, salts that can be dissolved in water must be present, and salts dissolved in water must move to the finish surface, water must evaporate and precipitated salts must be accumulated on the surface.

The most common salts are sulfates or carbonates such as sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and aluminum (Al), and the chlorides containing these salts are mainly used for fastening mortar. Calcium chloride, sea sand, seawater contaminated water.

In addition, the main factors of the occurrence of bleaching include mortar, cement, lime, sand, admixtures, calcium chloride, decay, atmosphere, temperature, humidity, shade, etc. In order to find out how to delay the progress of bleaching or reduce the bleaching You need to look at them in more detail, let's find out.

In the case of the mortar, it can be said that the main cause of the whitening occurrence is that the whitening is caused by the cement, lime, sand, and other salts coming from the basic components of the mortar and the phenomenon does not proceed as a simple mechanism, but all the new A common phenomenon that often occurs in the process is called stretch whitening.

In the case of cement, the salt components commonly found in mortar are sodium salts and potassium salts. In case of Portland cement, salt components correspond to 0.02% to 0.9% of the cement weight ratio, and in the case of mortar-only cement, 0.03% to 0.27% of the cement weight ratio. In addition, since the 80's and later products, the sulfate component is added to the sulfate during the manufacturing process in order to save energy.

In the case of lime, lime, clay, and sand, which are usually added to mortar, do not directly whiten with additives that dilute the high alkali in cement, but lime is well soluble in water to neutralize the sulfuric acid formed inside the bricks to insoluble salts. When it comes in contact with a cleaning agent containing hydrochloric acid, calcium chloride is soluble in water, and water penetration increases.

In the case of the sand, the sand added to the mortar is mainly a silica component, which is insoluble in water, but impurities mixed in the sand generate whitening, and the impurities are mainly introduced from seawater, sewage, and wastewater, and the impurities are dissolved in water to generate whitening. do.

In the case of the admixture, generally, when the admixture composed of a dispersing agent, an adjuvant, a water repellent, a wetting agent, and a curing agent is well mixed with the mortar, the flowability, moisturizing property, and strength of the mortar are improved, but the bonding force is lowered, so that external water penetration is more easily achieved. Whitening occurs.

In the case of calcium chloride, calcium chloride is used within 2% of Portland cement or within 1% of mortar cement to harden mortar quickly, but whitening does not occur with this amount, but whitening occurs when a large amount of calcium chloride is used. .

In the case of the deceased, there are many kinds of salts that can be dissolved in water in the soil, and these salts are dissolved in the deceaseds on the ground and then absorbed into the stone by osmotic pressure when the stones are in contact with the ground, and are absorbed up to 90-120 cm in height. Drained water evaporates from the stone surface and salts remain to whiten.

In the case of the above atmosphere, sulfurous acid gas and nitrogen gas in the atmosphere are gradually increasing in severity as a pollutant that corrodes bricks and mortar.

In the case of the above temperature, the hydration reaction of the cement is delayed at a low temperature, so that the solidification is delayed, so that the capillary filling is poor, thereby facilitating the movement of water, and thus, the supply of slaked lime in the unreacted cement component increases, thereby increasing whitening.

In the case of the humidity, when the humidity is high, such as the rainy season, the hydration reaction of the cement may be delayed and whitening may occur.

In the case of the shade, there is a tendency that whitening is relatively less in terms of sunlight and relatively more in the shade, because the tissue is unbalanced and the voids are large according to the temperature difference between the inside and the surface.

As described above, the whitening phenomenon is caused by the materials and natural factors used in the construction of the retaining wall, and it can be said that there are no perfect measures with the current technology and materials, but the whitening occurs through the management of the materials during construction and improvement of working conditions. This can be minimized or delayed when whitening occurs.

First, to prevent excessive use of cement, it is necessary to exclude excess cement by checking the mortar mix ratio or to eliminate the factor of whitening due to chloride by checking the chloride content of sand.Addition of acrylic waterproofing agent to mortar prevents the leakage of cement components. How to prevent or stop work on rainy or high humidity days, to prevent bleeding caused by exposure to moisture such as rainwater during curing, or to close the gap to prevent water or air contact between the mortar and joints. Method, give a constant drainage gradient to prevent water from accumulating on the flat surface of the finish surface, or make sure to take curing measures to improve the initial strength of mortar, and use ground water or tap water as water to exclude chlorides from water, or after construction Moisture on mortar by applying oil-based water repellent to eyes This way it will be possible to prevent such access.

In general, construction sites often have enough compaction when compacting concrete to prevent dense phenomena by constructing dense concrete or by using a waterproofing agent suitable for mortar.After the completion of the concrete structure, it prevents intrusion of moisture or water from the outside or seawater. Or in the area affected by the sea breeze is a method of applying a waterproof finish to the outdoor member, but such a method has a problem that the implementation is quite cumbersome, and there are a number of disadvantages in terms of cost. There is no retaining wall block that provides a solution to this problem.

The present invention was devised to provide a retaining wall block and an masonry structure capable of delaying the progress of the whitening phenomenon or suggesting a method for reducing whitening, which the prior art has not solved at all, and the object of the present invention is to Prefabricated retaining wall block and its masonry which can delay the progress of the whitening phenomenon appearing on the stone part by suggesting the side drainage channel in the form of channel to discharge the salt causing the whitening through the upper drainage channel To provide a structure.

The present invention is implemented by the embodiment having the following configuration to achieve the above object.

According to the first embodiment of the present invention, the prefabricated retaining wall block of the present invention includes a stone part including a decorative stone on the front surface, and a concrete part integrally manufactured with the stone part and attached to the back of the stone part. It is characterized by being able to finish the external finishing construction only by masonry of the block.

According to the second embodiment of the present invention, the prefabricated retaining wall block of the present invention, in the first embodiment, the concrete portion includes a first concrete portion and a second concrete portion, the first concrete portion is in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped Attached to the back of the stone part;

The second concrete part includes an upper surface, a lower surface, a rear surface and both side surfaces, and the upper surface forms an upper step with a predetermined height at one side of the upper end of the first concrete portion and extends horizontally;

The bottom surface is horizontally extended from the lower end side of the first concrete portion by a predetermined length to form a lower step with a predetermined height and extends horizontally to the end of the upper surface;

The rear surface interconnects the ends of the upper surface and the lower surface, and both sides are characterized in that the upper surface, the lower surface and the rear surface.

According to the third embodiment of the present invention, the prefabricated retaining wall block of the present invention, in the second embodiment, the second concrete portion is in communication with the upper surface of the second concrete portion, the other end is the first concrete portion It is characterized in that it further comprises a side groove in communication with the portion from the lower end to the lower step, and formed symmetrically throughout the longitudinal length of both sides.

According to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the masonry structure of the prefabricated retaining wall block of the present invention, when the prefabricated retaining wall block of any one of the second embodiment to the third embodiment is erected up and down It is characterized in that the horizontal drainage channel is formed to cross the transverse direction.

According to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the masonry structure of the prefabricated retaining wall block of the present invention is, in the fourth embodiment, the side which crosses the longitudinal direction during the masonry of the prefabricated retaining wall block by aligning left and right. Characterized in that the drainage path is formed.

According to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, the masonry structure of the prefabricated retaining wall block of the present invention, in the fifth embodiment, arranges the block so that the side surfaces of the prefabricated retaining wall block are adjacent to each other, and aligns the left and right rows After forming the reinforcing material on the first row of the masonry to form the second row again to the block to the left and right again to form the second column, the lateral drainage to cross the top, bottom, left and right when the masonry in the same manner as described above Characterized in that the drainage path is formed.

Applicants will now be described in detail with reference to the present embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to Figure 1, the prefabricated retaining wall block (1) to which the technique of the present invention is applied is a stone part 10 to finish up to the external finishing work only by the masonry itself of the block without any external finishing work after the completion of the retaining wall And a concrete part 30 attached to the rear surface of the stone part 10 and integrally formed with the stone part 10.

The stone part 10 is a granite or other stone is processed into a plate of a predetermined thickness and then a plurality of plates alternately attached to the concrete portion 30 to be attached to the concrete portion 30 when the retaining wall is stacked by the stone when the block (1) It is arranged in front of the block 1 so that a feeling can be felt.

The concrete part 30 is produced integrally with the stone part 10, first prepare a mold, such as formwork, arrange the stone part 10 on the bottom of the mold, and the concrete part 30 After installing reinforcing bars to increase the adhesion strength between the constituent concrete, it is formed is attached to the back of the stone portion 10 by pouring concrete in the mold.

In this case, use high-quality reinforcing bars to prevent rust, poor adhesion strength, and rebar sticking out of concrete during repeated shrinkage and expansion. Clean water is used so that the rebar is not corroded due to the addition of, and if it is difficult to obtain the water, salt water of 0.0005 or less and neutral water containing no acid or alkaline substance should be used.

As another embodiment of the present invention, a case in which the concrete part 30 includes the first concrete part 31 and the second concrete part 33 can be considered. Referring to FIG. 2A, the first concrete part 31 is attached to the rear surface of the stone part 10 and has the same width and height and is produced by pouring concrete mortar into a rectangular parallelepiped shape including a predetermined length (L1).

The second concrete portion 33 forms an upper end step 110 having a predetermined height H1 downward from one side of the upper end of the first concrete portion 31 and extends horizontally again, and While extending from the lower end side of the first concrete portion 31 horizontally by a predetermined length (L2), the lower step 130 having the same height (H2) of the height (H1) of the upper step (110) again After forming, the lower surface 333 extending horizontally to the end of the upper surface, the rear surface 334 interconnecting the upper surface 332 and the end of the lower surface 333, the upper surface 332, the lower surface It has a three-dimensional shape with 333 and both side surfaces 335 leading to the back surface 334.

Referring to FIG. 3A, the height H1 of the upper step 110 of the second concrete part 33 should be the same as the height H2 of the lower step 130. The upper and lower blocks are fitted to each other in the upper and lower bundling to ensure a firm coupling.

In addition, the upper step 110 may also perform a function to prevent the overflow phenomenon that the water overflows to the front surface of the retaining wall, such as when the heavy rain or a large amount of water flows into the block (1).

Meanwhile, the bottom step 130 is formed at a position spaced apart from the first concrete part 31 by a predetermined length L2. The reason for the vertical drainage of the block 1 is as follows. To be formed.

As another embodiment of the present invention, the second concrete portion 33 may further have side grooves 331 formed on both side surfaces 335.

One end of the side groove 331 communicates with the upper surface 332 of the second concrete portion 33, and the other end communicates with a portion from the lower end portion of the first concrete portion 31 to the lower stepped portion 130. And are formed symmetrically throughout the longitudinal length of both sides.

Referring to FIG. 2B, the side groove 331 is preferably vertically cut downward with a predetermined width at the time of the upper step 110 so that one end thereof is at the lower end of the first concrete part 31. It is in communication with the portion up to the lower step 130.

Referring to FIG. 3B, the side groove 331 performs a function of forming a side drainage channel 70 to be formed between the blocks 1 arranged to the left and right. Several horizontal drainage passages 50 and side drainage passages 70 are formed so that these side drainage passages 70 and horizontal drainage passages 50 form a drainage channel as a whole.

In the case of manufacturing the block including the upper step 110, the lower step 130 and the side groove 331, as described above, first prepare a formwork including the upper and lower step and side grooves 331. Then, the stone part 10 is disposed on the bottom surface, and after installing reinforcing bars for increasing the adhesion strength between the concrete constituting the concrete part 30, and then the concrete is poured into the mold is produced integrally.

In this case, it is preferable to use high-quality reinforcing bars and clean water as in the above-mentioned salvage so that there is no problem of rust, deterioration in adhesion strength, and reinforcement of the reinforcing out of concrete during repeated contraction and expansion.

Now look at the masonry method of masonry the block (1), and will review the contents of the horizontal drainage channel 50 and the side drainage channel 70 formed when the retaining wall is built according to the masonry method.

First, referring to FIGS. 2A and 3A, when the block 1 is piled up and down, the block 1 is placed on the soil on which the retaining wall is to be constructed, and then the stone part 10 is placed on the block 1. ), The first concrete portion 31, and the second concrete portion 33 is placed on the other block (1) to match exactly.

In this case, a predetermined length L2 is included between the position at which the upper step 110 of the lower block 1 is formed and the position at which the lower step 130 of the upper block 1 is included. 50) is formed. When the block 1 is continuously stacked up and down in the same manner, the horizontal drainage passage 50 is formed at a predetermined interval and the same size between the stacked upper and lower blocks 1.

In addition, it is preferable to install a reinforcement 90 to prevent the flow of the retaining wall between the upper and lower blocks (1) during the bundling, and the stiffener 90 is preferably composed of a mesh-shaped grid.

Next, referring to FIGS. 2B and 3B, when the block 1 is laterally assembled, the blocks 1 may be positioned so that side surfaces of adjacent blocks 1 coincide with each other. The side drainage channel 70 is generated by the side grooves 331 of the second concrete part 33 of the blocks 1, and the side drainage channel 70 is the same size and at a predetermined interval in the retained wall. Will be formed.

In the case of retaining the wall by using the up, down, left, and right masonry method of the block (1), referring to FIG. 4, it is understood that a plurality of horizontal drainage passages 50 and the side drainage passages 70 are constantly formed to form drainage channels. Can be.

As described above, when a masonry for retaining walls or laying rocks using a concrete block is carried out by a wet method, lime within the concrete melts on the surface of the block or the surface of the finished structure after a considerable time has elapsed. As it turns out, the whitening phenomenon that causes staining of the outer wall is generated, and the method of completely preventing the whitening phenomenon does not exist in the current building materials or construction methods, but according to the above-described masonry method using the block (1) of the present invention. In the case of construction, it can be said that it is possible to delay the progress of the whitening phenomenon or to reduce the whitening phenomenon.

That is, the whitening phenomenon is caused and promoted by a number of causes and triggers, but in particular, the lime in concrete contained in the completed retaining wall or structure is melted by moisture formed by the accumulation of moisture in rain or blocks. The most common case is that the retaining wall block of the prior art did not properly respond to the bleaching phenomenon because there was no part to perform the function of discharging the rainwater, etc. out of the completed retaining wall or structure. In the case of retaining the retaining wall and the like using the retaining wall block 1 of the present invention, it is possible to discharge the moisture and the like out of the retaining wall or the structure through the horizontal drainage passage 50 and the side drainage passage 70. It can be.

In particular, due to the climate of Korea, there is a lot of rainfall during the rainy season in summer, so in the built retaining walls or structures, the probability of occurrence or deepening of whitening in the period is higher, and the retaining wall using the block (1) of the present invention Or, in the case of structuring the structure, rainwater will escape from the upper part of the retaining wall, etc., through the side drainage channel 70 existing in the upper part of the retaining wall, etc., even during rainfall, and soak into the retaining wall. Rainwater may also be discharged to the left and right of the retaining wall and the like through the horizontal drainage path 50 will be able to significantly reduce the occurrence or deepening of the whitening phenomenon.

As such, by providing the drainage channel as described above in the retained retaining wall, the water is absorbed to the retaining wall as much as possible, thereby suppressing the occurrence of the bleaching phenomenon, which is one of the fatal disadvantages of the concrete structure, to the extent of whitening. It is possible to sufficiently reduce the speed of development.

The present invention described above is not limited to the above-described embodiments and the accompanying drawings, and various substitutions, modifications, and changes are possible in the art without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. It will be evident to those who have knowledge of.

The present invention has the following effects by the above configuration.

The present invention includes a stone part including stucco stone on the front and a concrete part manufactured integrally with the stone part and attached to the back of the stone part to give the impression that the retaining wall is masonry by the stone alone. It has the effect of finishing the finishing work.

The present invention is to put the upper and lower stepped in the concrete part or to include a side groove so that the horizontal drainage or side drainage is formed when the retaining wall and other structures are formed by using the block to progress the bleaching phenomenon which is one of the disadvantages of the concrete structure. The effect can be delayed as much as possible or the countermeasure for reducing whitening can be suggested.

Claims (6)

In the prefabricated retaining wall block, the block includes a stone part including a stucco stone on the front surface, and a concrete part integrally manufactured with the stone part and attached to the back of the stone part until the external finishing work only with the masonry of the block. Prefabricated retaining wall block, characterized in that the finish. According to claim 1, wherein the concrete portion comprises a first concrete portion and the second concrete portion, the first concrete portion is attached to the back of the stone portion in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped; The second concrete part includes an upper surface, a lower surface, a rear surface and both side surfaces, and the upper surface forms an upper step with a predetermined height at one side of the upper end of the first concrete portion and extends horizontally; The bottom surface is horizontally extended from the lower end side of the first concrete portion by a predetermined length to form a lower step with a predetermined height and extends horizontally to the end of the upper surface; The back surface interconnects the ends of the upper surface and the lower surface, the both sides are prefabricated retaining wall block, characterized in that connected to the upper surface, the lower surface and the rear surface. According to claim 2, wherein the second concrete portion is one end is in communication with the upper surface of the second concrete portion, the other end is in communication with the portion from the lower end to the lower end jaw of the first concrete portion, the entire longitudinal length of both sides Blocks for prefabricated retaining wall further comprises a side groove formed symmetrically over. An masonry structure of a prefabricated retaining wall block according to any one of claims 2 to 3, wherein the prefabricated retaining wall block of any one of the above is assembled vertically so that a horizontal drainage passage transverse to the lateral direction is formed when the block is laid. The masonry structure of a prefabricated retaining wall block according to claim 4, wherein a side drainage path that crosses the longitudinal direction is formed when the prefabricated retaining wall block is joined left and right. The method of claim 5, wherein the side of the prefabricated retaining wall block is arranged adjacent to the left and right to form a single row, after installing the reinforcing material on the stacked first row and again to block the block to the left and right 2 Forming a row, the masonry structure of the prefabricated retaining wall block, characterized in that to form the side drainage and horizontal drainage paths across the top, bottom, left and right when forming the masonry by continuing to assemble the block as described above.

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