KR102511035B1 - Installation structure for protecting river - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an installation structure that prevents soil erosion and scour, and is interposed between a pair of first reinforcement plates and a pair of first reinforcement plates arranged to face each other in a trench dredging a river bed. A formwork assembly having a gap holder; A filling material made of aggregate to fill the lower part of the inner space of the formwork assembly; A filling material filling the outer circumference of the formwork assembly; A concrete layer that is poured and cured on the upper part of the inner space of the formwork assembly and fills the gap between the filling materials; And a first fixed pile extending from the inner space of the formwork assembly to the ground to fix the position of the formwork assembly; to prevent erosion and scour of the soil around the foundation built at the base end of the river, thereby preventing subsidence of the installation structure. can do.

Description

Installation structure to prevent soil erosion and scour {Installation structure for protecting river}

The present invention relates to an installation structure that prevents soil erosion and scour, and particularly relates to an installation structure using a slope-type formwork to prevent loss of the bottom and/or slope of a river due to running water.

In general, rivers are built as part of a river maintenance project as disclosed in Patent Document 1 in order to prevent loss of slopes or flooding of water due to rapid flow of flow and changes in water level in embankments, incisions or revetments during heavy rain, Piling stones and revetment blocks were constructed.

Stone axes or revetment blocks built for this purpose may lose soil on the bottom of the structure due to the flow of water caused by large amounts of precipitation, and the (unrooted) foundation concrete constituting the foundation of the stone axis or revetment block may be damaged. It has problems such as subsidence and collapse.

Therefore, for those skilled in the art, there is a need for a new reinforcement technique capable of stably supporting and holding the structure even under a situation where soil erosion and scouring occur on the bottom of the river structure.

Republic of Korea Patent No. 10-1686532

The present invention was created to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an installation structure that can reliably support and hold a structure to be built on a river bed and prevent soil erosion and scour.

In addition, the present invention is configured to prevent scouring of the proximal end using a sloped formwork.

In order to achieve the above object, the installation structure for preventing soil erosion and scour according to the present invention includes a foundation 10 built at the base end of a river to prevent soil erosion and scour, wherein the foundation A formwork assembly having a pair of first reinforcement plates disposed opposite to each other in a trench dredging a river bed and a gap holder interposed between the pair of first reinforcement plates; A filling material made of aggregate to fill the lower part of the inner space of the formwork assembly surrounded by the bottom of the trench and the pair of first reinforcement plates; A filling material filling the outer circumference of the formwork assembly; A concrete layer that is poured and cured on the upper part of the inner space of the formwork assembly and fills the gap between the filling materials; and a first fixing pile extending in length from the inner space of the formwork assembly to the ground to fix the position of the formwork assembly. In particular, the formwork assembly is to be used as a sloped formwork having an inner space capable of filling the inside with a filler, an open upper side opening the upper side of the inner space, and an open lower side facing the bottom of the excavation part at the lower side of the inner space. can

In an embodiment of the present invention, the formwork assembly may arrange a hollow tube to help set the direction of the first fixed pile in the spacer.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the first reinforcement plate is composed of a base disposed vertically with respect to the ground and a truss girder installed on the inner surface of the base, and the base may be formed of a corrugated steel plate treated with rust.

Optionally, the present invention may further include a second fixed pile driven toward the slope in the inner space of the formwork assembly.

In addition, according to the present invention, the upper part of the foundation can be buried so as to be aligned with the river bed.

Features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Prior to this, the terms or words used in this specification and claims should not be interpreted in a conventional and dictionary sense, and the inventor may appropriately define the concept of the term in order to explain his or her invention in the best way. It should be interpreted as a meaning and concept consistent with the technical idea of the present invention based on the principle that there is.

According to the above description of the present invention, the present invention provides an installation structure including a foundation that can prevent soil erosion and scour on the bottom of the structure even under running water.

In addition, the present invention can reinforce from the base end of the river to the top end by further including a retaining wall portion configured to prevent slope loss.

In particular, the present invention can simplify the work process by constructing the retaining wall together with the above-described foundation with a sloped formwork, thereby improving construction efficiency and increasing durability.

1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view schematically showing an installation state of an installation structure for preventing erosion and scouring of soil according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a perspective view schematically showing a reinforcement plate employed in the present invention.
3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an installation state of an installation structure for preventing soil erosion and scour according to another embodiment of the present invention.
4a to 4g are diagrams showing step-by-step construction methods of installation structures for preventing soil erosion and scouring according to the present invention.

Objects, specific advantages and novel features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description and examples taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In adding reference numerals to components of each drawing in this specification, it should be noted that the same components have the same numbers as much as possible, even if they are displayed on different drawings. In addition, in describing the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of related known technologies may unnecessarily obscure the subject matter of the present invention, the detailed description will be omitted. In this specification, terms such as first and second are used to distinguish one element from another element, and elements are not limited by the terms. In the accompanying drawings, some components are exaggerated, omitted, or schematically illustrated, and the size of each component does not entirely reflect the actual size.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

An installation structure for preventing soil erosion and scour according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a base end of a river surrounding a foundation of a river structure such as a stone shaft, boulder, revetment block, etc. Provided is a foundation structure capable of preventing or reducing soil erosion and/or scour, thereby preventing subsidence of the foundation of a river structure.

In addition, the installation structure for preventing soil erosion and scour according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention can prevent collapse of the river structure by maintaining the bearing capacity of the foundation even when scouring is progressed in the underwater ground surrounding the foundation of the river structure. is designed so that

An installation structure (hereinafter referred to as an installation structure) for preventing soil erosion and scour according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a foundation 10 of a river structure to be buried in a river bed, as shown in FIG. It can be formed by dredging the underwater ground of the floor to a predetermined depth and width, filling the three-dimensional reinforcing bar assembly (ie, slope-type formwork assembly) with filling stones, pouring concrete, and then curing it. As is known to those skilled in the art, the foundation is buried under the slope formed on both sides of the river to support stone shafts, boulders, and revetment blocks, or buried across the river bed to support weirs, drop holes, and waterways. It can be installed at the base end of a river basin. It is not limited thereto, and the foundation 10 of the present invention can be buried in the underwater ground surface of an area where scour is expected to occur, thereby preventing the underwater ground surface from being lost due to scour.

To this end, the installation structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a formwork assembly 100 seated on a trench portion T in which the river bed is dredged to a predetermined depth and width, and a length from the formwork assembly 100 to the ground. A plurality of first fixed piles 140 extending, a filling material of appropriate size (F ₁ ) filling the lower part of the inner space of the formwork assembly 100, a filling material filling the circumference of the formwork assembly 100 ( F ₂ ), and a concrete layer (C) that is poured and cured on the upper part of the inner space of the formwork assembly 100. Preferably, the upper part of the foundation 10 is arranged on the same plane (or level) as the river bed.

In addition, the installation structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention draws in a plurality of second fixed piles 140 'that extend obliquely at a predetermined angle from the formwork assembly 100 to, for example, a slope to formwork at the proximal end of the river. It helps to bind the assembly 100.

The present invention can limit the shape and size of the foundation by means of the formwork assembly 100 installed in the excavation portion T, and the formwork assembly 100 is a pair of first reinforcement plates 110 arranged oppositely ; See Figure 2) may be formed in an H-shaped cross-sectional shape consisting of a spacer 120 interposed between.

The formwork assembly 100 arranges two first reinforcement plates 110 in parallel along the embankment, and the pair of first reinforcement plates 110 are not dismantled even after pouring concrete in the inner space, and the concrete layer It is used as a slope-type formwork material surrounding (C) and the filling material (F ₁ ).

The first reinforcement plate 110 is composed of a plate-shaped base 111 and a truss girder 112 laid on one surface of the base 111, specifically, an inner surface. It is not limited thereto, and in the present invention, a deck plate or the like may be used in place of the rebar bath plate.

The plate-shaped base 111 may be formed of a galvanized steel sheet, preferably a galvanized corrugated steel sheet, which has been treated to have structural strength and corrosion resistance. The truss girder 112 is installed on the inner surface of the base 111 for rigidity reinforcement, and the upper reinforcing bars 112a and the upper reinforcing bars 112a are spaced apart in the width direction on the inner surface of the plate-shaped base 111. The lattice 112b is bent and formed in a zigzag shape on both sides from the center, and the upper end is welded to the upper reinforcing bar 112a and the lower end is welded to the inner surface of the base 111, and the lower reinforcing bar welded to the lower portion of the lattice 112b. (112c). The lattice 112b is installed on the base 111 in a triangular shape by arranging it obliquely with respect to the upper reinforcing bar 112a and the base 111.

The truss girder 112 can introduce concrete to be cast on the inner surface of the plate-shaped base 111 between the upper reinforcing bars, the lattice, and the lower reinforcing bars, and drying them to provide bearing capacity to the first reinforcement plate 110, and at the same time, the truss girder combined with the reinforced concrete foundation. In addition, one or more truss girders 112 may be arranged horizontally along the longitudinal direction of the base, otherwise, the base resists the bending moment by one or more truss girders vertically arranged in its height direction to maintain a stable standing state of the base. can keep

As described above, the formwork assembly 100 horizontally interposes one or more thin and long spacers 120 between a pair of first reinforcement plates 110 vertically disposed on the ground, as shown in FIG. It can be formed in an H-shaped cross-sectional shape as in, where. The formwork assembly 100 maintains a separation distance between the pair of first reinforcement plates 110 through the spacer 120 to allow filling of the filling stone and pouring of concrete, as well as to the filling stone and concrete load. This helps prevent a gap between the pair of first reinforcement plates 110 from spreading.

Optionally, the formwork assembly 100 varies the height of one or more spacers to keep the width of the upper and lower open sides constant between the pair of first reinforcement plates 110, 1 It can also be interposed between reinforcement plates.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the foundation part 10 installs the formwork assembly 100 composed of a pair of first reinforcement plates 110 in the excavation part T, and installs the first fixed pile 140, for example, by driving. It can be buried and fixed by using the striking force of the vertical direction to the bottom of the excavation part (T). In addition, the foundation may be buried and fixed by typing the second fixed pile 140 'to the slope in the direction normal to the slope.

The first fixed pile 140 passes through the open lower side in the inner space of the formwork assembly 100 and places the other end of the first fixed pile in the ground of the river bed. Correspondingly, the second fixed pile 140 'penetrates the base 111 of one reinforcement plate disposed adjacent to the slope in the inner space of the formwork assembly 100 and places the other end of the second fixed pile in the ground of the slope. place

In addition, the formwork assembly 100 is attached to the hollow tube 130 oriented in the vertical direction and/or the normal direction through welding to the inner surface of the base 111, the truss girder 112, or the spacer 120. By penetrating the first and second fixed piles 140 and 140', the direction of the fixed pile can be set and installed into the ground to a predetermined depth. As a result, the fixed pile ensures the fixation of the position of the formwork assembly even during the filling process or the pouring process, while reliably supporting and holding the foundation even if unexpected soil erosion or scour occurs on the bottom surface of the foundation 10 constructed after pouring curing. can

Optionally, the first fixed pile 140 may be inserted into the ground to a depth ranging from 1 to 5 m. As is well known to those skilled in the art, the fixed piles 140 and 140' can be replaced with various types of reinforcing piles such as L-beams and H-beams depending on the structural conditions of the soil.

In the present invention, the inner space limited by the pair of first reinforcement plates 110 spaced apart from each other and the bottom of the excavation part T is filled with the filling material F ₁ and the concrete layer C. Specifically, the filling material (F ₁ ) fills the lower part of the inner space with aggregate (stone) to a predetermined thickness, and the concrete layer (C) is stacked and arranged on the filling material (F ₁ ) to formwork assembly 100 By closing the open upper side of the space, the inner space of the formwork assembly has a solid structure, so that the separation of the filling material between the pair of first reinforcement plates can be prevented in advance.

In addition, the present invention fills the circumference of the formwork assembly 100 seated in the excavation portion T with the filling material F ₂ . That is, the filling material (F ₂ ) is the outer circumference of the formwork assembly 100, more specifically, gravel, gabion, soil, etc. Can be filled with rubble.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the foundation 10 may flatten the bottom of the river as a whole by placing its upper surface on the same plane as the river bed. By flattening the river bed, it is possible to prevent scour from occurring due to the space between the foundation 10 and the river bed.

Figure 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view schematically showing an installation structure according to another embodiment of the present invention. The installation structure illustrated in FIG. 3 is a use example of the installation structure according to the present invention shown in FIG. 1, and has a very similar structure except that the retaining wall portion 20 is disposed on the foundation portion 10. , In order to help a clear understanding of the present invention, descriptions of similar or identical configurations will be excluded here.

The installation structure according to another embodiment of the present invention may be a structure such as a revetment block or a retaining wall including a retaining wall portion 20 installed on a foundation portion 10 buried in a river bed, where the retaining wall portion 20 is It is integrally connected to the foundation and installed over the entire slope from the base of the river to the top to stabilize the slope.

To this end, the installation structure according to another embodiment of the present invention includes the second reinforcement plate 210 on the slope adjacent to the foundation 10 and the support net disposed on the front surface of the second reinforcement plate 210. 220, a backfill material (F ₃ ) filled in the rear surface of the second reinforcement plate, and a shotcrete layer (S) for pouring and curing so as to bury the support net 220. In addition, another embodiment of the present invention may include a coupler 230 to ensure reliable coupling between the second reinforcement plate 210 and the support net 220 .

As shown in FIG. 3, the second reinforcement plate 210 extends from the base end of the river, that is, from one side of the upper surface of the foundation 10 to the top of the river, and covers the slope to eliminate the installation of formwork for shotcrete installation can do. That is, the second reinforcement plate can prevent the outflow of shotcrete to the slope side by performing a role of formwork when constructing the retaining wall through shotcrete.

The second reinforcement plate 210 is disposed in close contact with the slope, and preferably may be disposed at a predetermined distance from the slope. Therefore, the present invention can ensure smooth drainage between the second reinforcement plate and the slope by filling the backfill material (F ₃ ) composed of soil and/or rubble between the back surface and the slope of the second reinforcement plate 210. In addition, damage or bending of the second reinforcement plate 210 can be prevented for the dead weight of the shotcrete to be installed later.

Furthermore, the second reinforcement plate 210 (see FIG. 2) has the same or similar structure as the first reinforcement plate 110, and includes a plate-shaped base 211 horizontally arranged with respect to the slope and the base 211 It may be made of a truss girder 212 laid on one side of the.

As described above, another embodiment of the present invention arranges the support net 220 on the second reinforcement plate 210 disposed on the slope. The support network 220 is a mesh member that can improve workability by reducing the rebound of shotcrete, and can be arranged at a predetermined distance from the base 211 by the truss girder 212 and supported by the truss girder This can prevent sagging (or bending).

In addition, the present invention includes a coupler 230 to ensure reliable binding between the support net 220 and the second reinforcement plate 210. The coupler 230 is composed of a nail 231 extending forward from the inside of the slope and a coupler 232 coupled to the outer end of the nail 231. Specifically, the nail 231 may protrude forward through the second reinforcement plate in a direction normal to the slope. The coupler 232 may be coupled to the nail 231 by bolting so as to be movable along the axial direction of the nail. For example, the coupler moves along the axial direction of the nail until it contacts the support net 220 and presses the support net toward the slope to prevent sagging of the support net as well as separation of the support net from the second reinforcement plate. Optionally, another embodiment of the present invention connects the upper end of the second reinforcement plate 210 and/or the support net 220 to the coupler 232 using various fastening means such as welding, band, wire, clamp, tie, etc. can be fixed.

In addition, the coupler may be formed in the shape of a spoke wheel as shown in FIG. 4F to increase the chance of contact with the support net.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the retaining wall part 20 may form a unit block on the slope by pouring and curing the shotcrete layer S on the front surface of the second reinforcement plate 210. Here, the shotcrete layer (S) has a predetermined thickness capable of embedding the second reinforcement plate 210, the support net 220, the coupler 230, and the like and creating a surface texture.

As described above, the present invention relates to an installation structure capable of protecting the bottom or slope of a river from soil erosion or scour by running water. Hereinafter, the manufacturing method of the installation structure will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 4A to 4G.

For reference, the present invention has been described for river structures such as revetment blocks throughout the specification, but it is not limited thereto and is applicable to coastal structures capable of stabilizing coastal topography even under the influence of seawater or waves. let it out

4A includes a trench excavation step (S100) of dredging the river bed. In the excavation step (S100), the river bed is excavated to a predetermined depth and width at the location where the foundation portion 10 (see FIG. 1) is to be constructed, and the bottom of the excavation portion is flattened.

The present invention includes an installation step (S200) of the formwork assembly to form the outer shape of the concrete structure without demolding or dismantling even after concrete is poured. As described above, the present invention can be quickly and easily installed on the bottom of the excavation part (T) by means of a slope-type formwork assembly, and it is maintained as an outline frame without being removed even after filling the filler material, so that the formwork The number of man-hours for removal can be reduced, and the strength of the foundation can be increased by increasing the bonding force between the fill material, concrete and the formwork assembly filled in the inner space between the pair of first reinforcement plates.

Specifically, the formwork assembly 100 is spaced apart between a pair of first reinforcement plates 110 disposed opposite to each other at a predetermined interval and inner surfaces of the pair of first reinforcement plates 110 opposed to each other. It is provided with a spacer 120 that keeps the distance constant. As described above, the spacer 120 maintains the distance between the pair of first reinforcement plates disposed oppositely, and at the same time, the pair of first reinforcement plates 110 are moved by the lateral pressure generated by filling the filling material and pouring concrete. happening can be prevented.

In the step of installing the formwork assembly (S200), the present invention further includes a step of fixing the position of the formwork assembly 100. The formwork assembly 100 may be fixed in position on the excavation portion T by means of fixed piles. Specifically, the first fixed pile 140 is buried and fixed by being driven toward the bottom of the excavation part T in the inner space of the formwork assembly, and additionally, the second fixed pile 140' is sloped in the inner space of the formwork assembly. It is typed towards the inside and fixed buried.

The first and second fixed piles 140 and 140' are inserted into the ground to compact the soil and increase the bearing capacity around the pile to provide a stable ground, and as a result, soil subsidence and scour can be prevented around the foundation. . Moreover, the present invention can securely couple the foundation 10 and the river bed and/or slope by securing a bearing capacity capable of sufficiently supporting the foundation by the first and second fixed piles 140 and 140', which Even if soil erosion or scour occurs around the foundation, it helps to securely hold the foundation so that it does not sink.

When the formwork assembly is securely positioned on the excavation part, the worker includes a filling step (S300) of structurally reinforcing the formwork assembly.

In the filling step (S300), the lower part of the inner space of the formwork assembly 100 is filled with the filling material (F ₁ ) (S310), and the outer circumference of the formwork assembly 100 seated in the excavation part (T) is filled with the filling material ( F ₂ ) including the step of filling (S320), preferably, the filling step (S310) of the filling material and the filling step (S320) of the filling material are sequentially performed.

In the first filling step (S310), aggregate is filled to a predetermined thickness, for example, a thickness of 5 cm, and compacted into the open lower part of the inner space defined by the formwork assembly 100 and the bottom of the excavation part T. Since the formwork assembly 100 is filled with a filling material (F ₁ ) for a portion of the inner space partitioned by the pair of first reinforcing plates 110 and is provided with a gap holder, the second before placing the concrete layer. Even when the load of the filling material F ₂ to be filled in the filling step (S320) is applied, the shape of the formwork assembly 100 having an H-shaped cross-section can be maintained.

Then, the worker inserts a filling material (F ₂ ) between the excavation part (T) and the formwork assembly 100, more specifically, between the excavation part (T) and the outer surface of the base 111 of the first reinforcement plate 110. Fill in and mince. Here, the filling material (F ₂ ) is filled to the same height as the river bed. In the excavation step (S100), the stream bed should be excavated larger than the width of the formwork assembly 100 so that the formwork assembly 100 can be aligned with the inner center of the excavation portion T.

As the filling material (F ₂ ), it is okay to use any material with a weight and size that is not damaged or swept away even by the pressure caused by the flow rate and impact of running water, and it is possible to use gravel or rubble that does not cause environmental problems and is easy to procure. may be composed of stone. Accordingly, since the filler (F ₂ ) is disposed around the outer surface of the first reinforcement plate lower than the river bottom as shown, it is not directly exposed to the flow rate and impact of running water, and thus the first reinforcement of the formwork assembly 100. The shape can be stably maintained on the plate 110 .

The present invention includes a concrete pouring step (S400) to exert strength by filling the inner space of the inclined formwork assembly 100. In the pouring step (S400), concrete is put (placed) and cured to the open upper side between the pair of first reinforcement plates 110. The concrete layer (C) is cast at the same height as the river bed to complete the foundation 10. At this time, the upper end of the first reinforcement plate is buried without protruding above the river bed, and the upper surface of the concrete layer is poured with a thickness that can have the same height as the river bed.

Concrete is used as a joint filling material for placing the filling material so that it is buried, and it is injected into the gap between the filling materials (F ₁ ) and filled to prevent the loss of the filling material by fixing it to prevent the separation of the filling material from the internal space of the formwork assembly. can be prevented, and the inclined formwork assembly and concrete with the truss girder are integrally synthesized. In addition, the concrete does not flow to the outside through the open lower side of the formwork assembly by the filling material (F ₁ ), and the amount of concrete injected by the volume filled with the filling material is reduced to promote workability and economy.

In particular, the present invention can improve the durability of the foundation by minimizing the inflow of infiltration water to the bottom of the foundation by the concrete pouring step (S400).

Optionally, the present invention can construct the retaining wall part 20 from the base part 10 constructed at the base end of the river to the top end of the river. In particular, the present invention applies shotcrete for the construction of the retaining wall, so it is possible to exclude the installation of formwork for concrete pouring, and it does not require dismantling of the second reinforcement plate to be disposed on the rear surface of the retaining wall.

After the construction of the foundation 10 is completed, the present invention includes an installation step (S500) of the second reinforcement plate 210 on the river slope.

The second reinforcement plate 210 is composed of a plate-shaped base 211 and a truss girder 212 laid on the front of the base 211, which is the same as or similar to the first reinforcement plate 110 of the formwork assembly. It is used as a sloped formwork with a structure.

The present invention arranges the second reinforcement plate 210 on the river slope, and to secure a reliable fastening state with the base portion 10 while maintaining a good deployment state of the second reinforcement plate 210 on the slope. For this purpose, the reinforcing bars 240 extending from the base portion 10 may be mutually coupled with the second reinforcement plate 210 .

Optionally, the present invention may install one or more drain pipes (not shown) penetrating the base 211 of the second reinforcement plate 210. The drainage pipe drains surface water of the ground or groundwater generated inside the slope to the outside.

In the step (S500) of the present invention, in order to reinforce the structure of the second reinforcement plate 210, the backfill material (F ₃ ) further comprising a charging step of The backfill material (F ₃ ) fills the space between the second reinforcement plate and the slope, thereby helping to smoothly induce and drain surface water or surface water flowing between the space through, for example, a drainage pipe. In addition, since the space is filled with the backfill material, damage or bending of the second reinforcement plate 210 due to the weight of shotcrete can be prevented.

4F includes a step (S600) of arranging the support net 220 on the front side of the second reinforcement plate.

In the present invention, the support net 220 is bound to the upper end of the truss girder 212 of the second reinforcement plate 210 by means of the coupler 230, but is not limited thereto and can be bound to each other through various methods. The coupler 230 is bolted to the nail 231 extending in length through the second reinforcement plate 210 and the support net 220 inside the slope and to the outer end of the nail 231 so as to control the axial direction of the nail. It is provided with a coupler 232 coupled to be movable along. That is, while the coupler 232 is tightened toward the slope along the axial direction of the nail, the support net 220 may be tightly fixed toward the upper end of the truss girder. The coupler 232 has a size larger than the mesh size of the support net (in other words, the mesh spacing) in order to effectively pressurize the support net.

By arranging the support net, the present invention can secure a filling space of shotcrete between the support net 20 and the base 212 of the second reinforcement plate 210.

Figure 4g schematically illustrates the step (S700) of laying the shotcrete layer (S), and the shotcrete layer (S) is laid on the front surface of the second reinforcement plate 210 and the support net 220 to form a second reinforcement A retaining wall portion 20 such as an external wall may be formed so that the plate, the support net, and the coupling are buried.

In particular, in the process of spraying the shotcrete layer (S) toward the front surface of the second reinforcement plate 210, the real name improves the adhesion to the support net 220 to effectively reduce the rebound to express high strength.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the retaining wall part may further include the step of finishing the paving surface of the shotcrete layer (S) laid to a certain thickness, specifically the step of constructing the shotcrete layer in a sculpted surface. The present invention adds work such as plastering to the installation surface of shotcrete through the sculptural surface construction step of the shotcrete layer, or expresses the surface texture of natural rock through surface sculpting, or molds it into the shape of a specific object, so that the retaining wall of the installation structure surrounds It can be constructed as a landscape structure that matches the landscape and has a beautiful exterior aesthetic.

Preferably, the present invention sprays shotcrete mixed with a coloring material such as iron oxide in the shotcrete composition to the slope to be constructed to form the wall of the retaining wall. Retaining walls according to the prior art usually implement the color of artificial rock by applying color paint to the outer surface of the constructed retaining wall after laying shotcrete. Such a retaining wall maintains the natural shape of artificial rock due to discoloration or peeling of the paint layer over time There are bound to be limits to what you can do. Unlike this, the present invention uses color shotcrete and does not require a separate application process and can provide color even when a part of the shotcrete layer is peeled off.

The present invention includes information on each component constituting the color short treat composition to be installed on the retaining wall.

Preferably, the color shotcrete contains 25 to 35% by weight of cement, 55 to 65% by weight of sand, 0.001 to 2% by weight of oyster shell powder, 0.001 to 2% by weight of metakaolin, and 0.001 to 2% by weight of melamine. A water reducing agent, 0.001 to 2% by weight of bauxite, 0.001 to 2% by weight of ocher, 0.001 to 2% by weight of methylcellulose, and 0.001 to 2% by weight of iron oxide.

Here, the color shotcrete does not incorporate steel fibers, so the outer surface of the shotcrete layer (S) can be implemented with a colorful surface texture, for example, a smooth surface, a natural rock surface, and the like. In addition, the color shotcrete disclosed in the present invention may include bauxite containing calcium aluminate obtained from by-products generated when aluminum ore is smelted.

cement

Portland cement is generally used as cement, and in some cases, when it is necessary to develop strength early after construction or when a sufficient curing period after construction cannot be taken, early-strength Portland cement, ultra-fast cement, etc. may be used.

In one or more embodiments, the amount of cement may be 25 to 35 wt%, 25 to 30 wt%, 30 to 35 wt%, or all ranges and subranges therebetween.

If the content of cement is less than 25% by weight, it may be difficult to secure sufficient strength. In general, increasing the content of cement increases the strength, but exceeding a certain content can have a negative effect. Since the main strength of shotcrete is due to the sand-sand interaction, an excessive amount of cement exceeding 35% by weight disrupts the sand-sand interaction, so that the shotcrete can be easily broken.

sand

Sand is combined with each other by the cement component during curing to form the most basic framework of the shotcrete structure.

In one or more embodiments, the amount of sand may be 55 to 65 weight percent, 55 to 60 weight percent, 60 to 65 weight percent, or all ranges and subranges therebetween.

If the sand content is less than 55% by weight, the sand-sand interaction is small, and the strength may be lowered, and if it exceeds 65% by weight, the strength may be lowered as a result of a relatively insufficient amount of cement to cover the surface area of the sand.

Oyster Shell Powder

As the powder component of oyster shells, organic materials may be removed from oysters produced in nature or artificially cultivated and ground to a particle size of 5.0 mm or less, 4.0 mm or less, 3.0 mm or less, or 2.0 mm. Preferably, the shellfish shell is washed and then heated and/or calcined at 100 to 1,000 ° C, 200 to 900 ° C, 300 to 800 ° C, 400 to 700 ° C, or 500 to 600 ° C, and then has a particle size of 0.8 to 5.0 mm, A powder obtained by grinding to a size of 1 to 4 mm or 2 to 3 mm may be used.

When the heating and/or sintering is performed at a temperature lower than 100° C., it is difficult to pulverize the powder into powder, and the processing time may increase, resulting in increased energy consumption. When the heating and / or firing is performed at a temperature higher than 1,000 ° C, the inherent properties of the oyster shell may be lost.

On the other hand, if the particle size of the oyster shell is less than 0.8 mm, the characteristics as a nature-friendly material may be lost, and if it exceeds 5.0 mm, miscibility may be reduced and may not be uniformly distributed in the composition.

Oysters are produced in large quantities for food, but their shells are not yet used for other purposes and are discarded or simply landfilled, causing serious marine environmental pollution.

Since oyster shells consist of more than 90% of CaO components and other Na ₂ O, SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , MgO, etc., they are also compatible with cements made of CaO (more than 50%), SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , etc. It is excellent in cement and mutual bonding power when manufacturing shotcrete. Therefore, the short concrete structure obtained by curing the composition containing the oyster shell powder can have excellent hardness and strength. Moreover, since the oyster shell itself is a natural material and an important substrate for the establishment of vegetation, by using the oyster shell as a material for the structure, the initially attached organisms can proliferate better.

If the content of oyster shell powder is increased and the content of fine aggregates such as sand is reduced, the weight is reduced compared to the case of using sand, so it can be administered and used in structures to be installed on soft foundations.

In one or more embodiments, the amount of oyster shell powder is 0.001% to 2%, 0.001% to 1.5%, 0.001% to 1%, 0.001% to 0.5%, or any range therebetween. and sub-ranges.

In order to fully utilize the efficacy of the oyster shell component as described above, the content of oyster shell powder should be 0.001% by weight or more, but mixing in excess of 2% by weight reduces the bonding strength of cement and may weaken the strength of shotcrete. .

metakaolin

The shotcrete according to this example secures various mechanical properties such as compressive strength and flexural strength instead of the silica fume admixture previously used to develop high strength, while improving long-term durability and preventing the shotcrete from falling off. Use metakaolin.

Metakaolin is an amorphous material that behaves as artificial pozzolan, and the strength and workability when metakaolin is used for shotcrete has the following characteristics.

First of all, the content of silica (SiO ₂ ) and alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ) is high, and both of these components are amorphous and have a large specific surface area, so components such as C ₃ S and C ₂ S of cement are produced as a result of hydration. By combining with the produced calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) ₂ ), calcium silicate hydrate (Calcium Silicate Hydrate, CSH gel), calcium aluminate hydrate (Calcium Aluminate Hydrate, CAH gel), and calcium alumino-silicate hydrate (Calcium Alumino-Silicate Hydrate) to form more hydrates, making the tissue more dense.

The equation for the hydration reaction between calcium hydroxide and metakaolin is shown below.

Ca(OH) ₂ + (SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ ) = 3CaO 2SiO ₂ 3H ₂ O /3CaO Al ₂ O ₃ 6H ₂ O

In metakaolin, SiO ₂ or Al ₂ O ₃ eluted from itself causes a secondary pozzolanic reaction with Ca(OH) ₂ , the primary hydrate of cement, over a long period of time. A reaction in which calcium hydroxide generated from cement reacts with a pozzolanic material to produce a calcium silicate-based hydrate is called a pozzolan reaction. Calcium silicate (CSH) or calcium aluminate (CAH) hydrate produced by this reaction has a denser hydration structure than cement's own hydrate, Ca(OH) ₂ , and also has capillary pores, which are the main movement pathways for chloride ions. Due to dense filling, long-term Improves permeation resistance to chloride ions.

In addition, the reaction with calcium hydroxide reduces the harmful alkali action and has a better potential for weathering, as well as a pronounced watertightness when incorporated into cement paste formulations. This watertightness can enhance strength and reduce water permeability.

As such metakaolin, both products manufactured overseas and products manufactured domestically can be used. Whereas previously used silica fume is an industrial by-product, metakaolin has the advantage of very little change in physical and chemical properties because it is produced under good management and control.

Since the composition using metakaolin according to this example has relatively large particles, it has an advantage of using a small amount of high-performance water reducing agent compared to conventional Portland cement concrete. That is, at the same water/cement ratio (W/C), meta-kaolin concrete can reduce the content of high-performance water reducing agent by at least 20% and up to 50% more than silica fume concrete, and it is less sticky than the existing composition using silica fume, so it is good. Workability and finish can also be expressed together.

According to this example, since high-strength/high-durability high-performance shotcrete composition is possible using metakaolin, shotcrete lining can be used as a permanent support material.

In addition, this example is an admixture for developing high strength as described above in a general shotcrete composition composed of cement, water, aggregate, admixture, and quick-setting agent, by using metakaolin instead of silica fume, which is generally used, so that the most of silica fume It can contribute to increasing the workability of shotcrete by overcoming the major disadvantages of large drying shrinkage and the proportional increase in the amount of expensive high-performance water reducing agent.

In addition, unlike concrete, shotcrete works in a spray form, so considerable rebound occurs when cast on the outer surface of a tunnel wall or artificial rock. Prevent shotcrete from dropping off by applying metakaolin admixture as in this example can do.

In one or more embodiments, the amount of metakaolin is from 0.001% to 2%, from 0.001% to 1.5%, from 0.001% to 1%, from 0.001% to 0.5%, or all ranges therebetween, and It can be a subrange.

If the content of metakaolin is less than 0.001% by weight, the long-term strength enhancement effect, initial heat of hydration inhibition effect, sulfate enhancement effect, and alkalinity lowering effect are insignificant, so the predetermined performance cannot be exhibited. If it exceeds 2% by weight, the sulfate enhancement effect, The effect of lowering alkalinity increases, but the strength may decrease due to the lack of relative amount of cement in the binder.

water reducing agent

As used herein, water reducing agent is an admixture used to even out small air bubbles in shotcrete during shotcrete application. The water reducing agent is a surfactant with excellent foaming properties and evenly generates small bubbles in shotcrete to improve freeze-thaw resistance, corrosion resistance, and durability.

In addition, the water reducing agent has secondary effects such as improving the fluidity of the shotcrete composition to facilitate the pouring operation, reducing the thermal conductivity of the hardened shotcrete, and improving watertightness.

In addition, the water reducing agent is for dispersing cement particles to increase the fluidity of shotcrete, and their use greatly reduces the amount of unit required to produce shotcrete having a desired dough consistency, resulting in a decrease in the amount of cement per unit.

At this time, the water reducing agent used in the shotcrete composition generally has a water reducing rate of about 10 to 15%, but among them, a water reducing agent of 20 to 30% is collectively referred to as a high-performance water reducing agent in this example.

Preferable high-performance water reducing agents may be selected from the group consisting of naphthalene-based, melamine-based, polycarboxylic acid-based, amino sulfonic acid-based water reducing agents, or mixtures thereof.

As a naphthalene-based water reducing agent, modified lignin, alkylaryl sulfonic acid and active enduring polymer, polyalkyl isyl sulfonate and reactive polymer, high condensate of alkyl aryl sulfonate, multi-polymer containing sulfonic acid group carboxyl group, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, alkyl aryl sulfonate modified lignin pore and condensates and modified lignin, lignin derivatives and alkylaryl sulfonates, or at least one selected from these.

Examples of the melamine-based water reducing agent include at least one selected from the group consisting of formalin condensates of melamine sulfonate, condensates of melamine sulfonates, and polyol condensates of melamine sulfonates.

Examples of polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agents include copolymers containing unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers as a single component or salts thereof, such as poly(alkylene glycol) monoacrylate, poly(alkylene glycol) monomethacrylate, maleic anhydride and styrene. copolymers of , copolymers of acrylate or methacrylate, and copolymers derived from monomers copolymerizable with these monomers.

Examples of the amino sulfonic acid-based water reducing agent include aromatic amino sulfonic acid-based polymer compounds, aromatic polymer condensates and lignin sulfonic acid derivatives, or mixtures of at least one or more selected from these.

In one or more embodiments, the amount of water reducing agent is from 0.001% to 2%, from 0.001% to 1.5%, from 0.001% to 1%, from 0.001% to 0.5%, or any range or sub-range therebetween. -Can be ranged. If the content of the water reducing agent is less than 0.001% by weight, problems of poor dispersion stability and fluidity may occur, and if it exceeds 2% by weight, separation of the material and decrease in strength may occur.

bauxite

According to this example, bauxite containing calcium aluminate reacts with metakaolin to increase the C ₃ A and C ₃ S components of cement components to increase the strength of shotcrete, and also to speed up the setting of shotcrete. there is. Therefore, the shotcrete composition according to this example can develop strength in a short time.

In one embodiment, bauxite containing calcium aluminate can be obtained from by-products generated when aluminum ore is smelted and is therefore environmentally friendly.

In another embodiment, calcium aluminate can be obtained by heating a mixture of CaO raw material and Al ₂ O ₃ raw material in a kiln or melting with electricity.

The fineness of calcium aluminate has a specific surface area of 3,000 to 8,000 cm 2 / g, preferably 5,000 to 8,000 cm 2 / g in terms of rapid setting or strength development.

In one or more embodiments, the amount of calcium aluminate is 0.001% to 2%, 0.001% to 1.5%, 0.001% to 1%, 0.001% to 0.5%, or any range therebetween. and subranges.

If the content of calcium aluminate is less than 0.001% by weight, the effect of coagulation and early strength development of shotcrete may be reduced, and if it exceeds 2% by weight, there is a concern that clogging of pipes in shotcrete construction equipment may occur, and a lot of dust is generated. Etc., workability may deteriorate.

ocher

Loess is a yellow or yellowish-brown soil made by weathering rocks. It is a mixture of silica (SiO ₂ ) and alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ) as main components, and trace amounts of potassium oxide (K ₂ O) and quicklime (CaO). am. This ocher mainly has a particle size of 0.002 to 0.005 mm in diameter and exhibits weak acidity. This ocher is not only non-toxic, but also has weak acidity, so it can solve the problem that vegetation cannot be effectively established when using strong alkaline concrete.

In addition, since far-infrared rays are generated from the loess, it sterilizes harmful bacteria and helps vegetation. In addition, ocher contains four enzymes: catalase, diphenol oxidase, sicharase, and protease, which can play a role in removing toxins.

Therefore, according to this example, when shotcrete mixed with ocher is applied to underwater structures such as revetment blocks, there is an effect of increasing the vegetation effect by removing cement poison, far-infrared radiation, and adsorption of heavy metals.

In one or more embodiments, the amount of ocher is from 0.001% to 2%, from 0.001% to 1.5%, from 0.001% to 1%, from 0.001% to 0.5%, or all ranges and subfolders therebetween. -Can be ranged.

If the ocher content is less than 0.001% by weight, the efficacy of ocher may not appear. When ocher reacts with water, about 6% of the volume decreases due to agglomeration between each particle, and this is the main cause of cracks. Therefore, cracks may occur when the loess content exceeds 2% by weight.

When gypsum is additionally added to the addition of loess, the gypsum expands in volume while causing a hydration reaction. Therefore, the contraction by ocher and the expansion by gypsum are balanced, and cracking can be suppressed.

thickener

The shotcrete composition according to this example may include a thickener to increase the viscosity of the shotcrete composition and improve mixing performance between the compositions. The thickener imparts viscosity to the composition and can reduce the amount of quick-setting agent used and rebound during construction. As the thickener, methyl cellulose, Welan gum, or sepiolite may be used.

In one or more embodiments, the amount of thickener is 0.001% to 2%, 0.001% to 1.5%, 0.001% to 1%, 0.001% to 0.5%, or any range or sub-range therebetween. -Can be ranged.

If the content of the thickener is less than 0.001% by weight, the effect of reducing the amount of the quick-setting agent and the rebound may be insignificant, and as a result of the low viscosity of the shotcrete, the shotcrete composition flows down, so that a certain thickness cannot be maintained and the shotcrete structure does not function properly However, construction problems may occur.

On the other hand, if it exceeds 2% by weight, the viscosity may be high and storage problems may occur and construction may be difficult.

gypsum

Examples of the gypsum used in the present invention include anhydrous gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, and dihydrate gypsum, and chemical gypsum such as natural gypsum, phosphate gypsum, flue gas desulfurization gypsum and hydrofluoric acid gypsum, or gypsum obtained by heat treatment thereof. there is. Among them, natural anhydrite has a lower dissolution rate than hemihydrate gypsum or dihydrate gypsum, so it is suitable for reactivity with calcium aluminate powder, and is preferable in terms of strength development.

The particle size of such gypsum is preferably higher than that used for ordinary cement, for example, a specific surface area of 4,000 to 6,000 cm 2 /g. Gypsum promotes the setting and hardening of shotcrete by generating ettringite at the beginning of the hydration of shotcrete, thereby enabling shotcrete to exhibit early strength, thereby having an effective effect on enhancing the early strength of shotcrete.

By mixing anhydrous gypsum, ettringite (3CaO·Al ₂ O ₃ ·3CaSO ₄ ·32H ₂ O) hydrate is initially generated to promote setting and hardening, and thus shotcrete exhibits early strength.

The amount of gypsum is 0.001% to 2%, 0.001% to 1.5%, 0.001% to 1%, 0.001% to 0.5%, or all ranges and subranges therebetween, based on the total weight of the shotcrete composition. can be

If the content of gypsum is less than 0.001% by weight, the effect of coagulation and early strength development of shotcrete is reduced, and if it exceeds 2% by weight, it expands for a long time, and after curing, shotcrete may cause expansion failure, and the structure of shotcrete is dense to increase strength and the amount of metakaolin used to improve durability is reduced, which can adversely affect the strength and durability of shotcrete.

iron oxide

Preferably, the shotcrete of the present invention may additionally add iron oxide to realize color and improve aesthetics.

As the iron oxide, at least one selected from among red iron oxide, yellow iron oxide, purple iron oxide, and black iron oxide may be used. As a result, various colors such as red, green, yellow, black, blue, and white can be implemented.

The content of iron oxide is 0.001 wt% to 2 wt%, 0.001 wt% to 1.5 wt%, 0.001 wt% to 1 wt%, 0.001 wt% to 0.5 wt%, 0.001 wt% to 0.25 wt%, 0.001 wt% to 0.001 wt%, based on the total shotcrete composition. % to 0.125%, 0.001% to 0.063%, 0.001% to 0.037%, or all ranges and subranges therebetween.

If the content of iron oxide is less than 0.001% by weight, color may not be realized, and if it exceeds 2% by weight, compressive strength may decrease as cement is replaced with iron oxide.

mixing water

In one or more embodiments, based on 100 parts by weight of the shotcrete composition, 40 to 100 parts by weight, 40 to 90 parts by weight, 40 to 80 parts by weight, 40 to 70 parts by weight, 40 to 60 parts by weight, 40 to 50 parts by weight, Alternatively, all ranges and sub ranges in between may be mixed. The blending water may include tap water, river water, ground water, or a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto.

If the mixing number is less than 40 parts by weight, the water binder ratio in shotcrete mixing is low, which has a good effect on the development of strength, but the desired dough consistency is not expressed, so fluidity cannot be secured. If it is included in more than 100 parts by weight, the fluidity is sufficient, but , the ratio of the water binder may be too high and the desired strength may not be expressed.

Although the present invention has been described in detail through examples, this is for explaining the present invention in detail, and the installation structure for preventing erosion and scour of soil according to the present invention is not limited thereto, and within the technical spirit of the present invention It will be clear that modifications and improvements are possible by those skilled in the art.

All simple modifications or changes of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention, and the specific protection scope of the present invention will be clarified by the appended claims.

10 ----- Base,
100 ----- formwork assembly;
110 ----- First reinforcement plate,
120 ----- Spacing,
130 ----- hollow tube,
140, 140' ----- fixed pile,
20 ----- retaining wall,
210 ----- Second reinforcement plate,
220 ----- support net,
230 ----- Coupling hole,
C ----- concrete layer,
S ----- Shotcrete layer.

Claims (5)

It includes a foundation 10 built at the base end to prevent erosion and scouring of the soil,
The base part 10,
A pair of first reinforcement plates 110 disposed to face each other in the trench portion T dredged to the floor, a spacer 120 interposed between the pair of first reinforcement plates, and a fixed pile a formwork assembly 100 having a hollow tube 130 disposed on the spacer to assist in orientation of the mold;
Filling material F1 made of aggregate to fill the lower part of the inner space of the formwork assembly 100 surrounded by the bottom of the excavation part T and the pair of first reinforcement plates 110;
Filling material (F2) for filling the outer circumference of the formwork assembly (100);
A concrete layer (C) that is poured and cured on the upper part of the inner space of the formwork assembly 100 and fills the gap between the filling materials; and
A first fixing pile 140 that penetrates the hollow pipe 130 in the inner space of the formwork assembly 100 and extends into the ground to fix the position of the formwork assembly,
The formwork assembly 100 has an internal space capable of filling a filler therein, an open upper side opening the upper side of the internal space, and an open lower side facing the lower side of the internal space with the bottom of the trench An installation structure that prevents soil erosion and scouring, used as sloped formwork.
delete The method of claim 1,
The first reinforcement plate 110 is composed of a base 111 disposed vertically with respect to the ground and a truss girder 112 installed on the inner surface of the base,
The base 111 is formed of a corrugated steel plate treated with rust, an installation structure that prevents soil erosion and scouring.
The method of claim 1,
The formwork assembly 100 is an installation structure for preventing soil erosion and scour, further comprising a second fixed pile 140 'typed toward the slope in the inner space of the formwork assembly.
The method of claim 1,
The upper portion of the foundation 10 is arranged flat with the river bed, an installation structure that prevents soil erosion and scour.

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