KR20040103842A - The carbonization of food waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a method for carbonizing garbage which is able to regenerate the garbage as a coal by carbonizing the garbage, thereby providing high quality coal. CONSTITUTION: In a method for carbonizing garbage comprising the steps of (a) after sending garbage having a moisture content of more than 80-85% to a storage hopper, crushing the garbage with an automatic crusher into fine particles, separating grit from the garbage and sending the crushed garbage fine particles to a dehydrator; (b) after sending the dehydrated garbage fine particles to the storage chamber and then sending them to a drier to dry, passing the dried garbage particles through a cyclone and then sending them to a carbonizer to convert them into coal powders; and (c) after passing the coal powder through the cyclone, cooling them in a cooler and sending the cooled coal powder to a carbonized material storage hopper, putting about 15-25% of bituminous coal therein and then molding the coal powder into a coal having a desired size, vapor that is generated from the drier is treated at an atmosphere contamination preventing equipment through a heat exchanger, a gas-liquid separator or the vapor is directly transferred to the gas-liquid separator to utilize the vapor as an energy source of a combustor.

Description

Carbonization of food waste {The carbonization of food waste}

According to the Waste Management Act, general waste, which is waste other than industrial waste (specific waste), is excluded from manure. Herein, industrial waste refers to wastes generated by industrial activities, and general waste refers to wastes and manures generated by human daily life (radioactive wastes are separately defined in the Atomic Energy Act). Garbage can be classified into various types according to its size, shape, and properties.Waste household appliances such as refrigerators, TVs, and washing machines, and large-sized wastes that are periodically discharged such as waste furniture such as desks and cabinets, and junk cars and bicycles On the other hand, there are also garbage, such as waste, waste paper and food waste, which are discharged on a daily basis. In addition, it can be classified as non-combustible waste or combustible waste, and it can be divided into garbage generating harmful gas when incinerated and hazardous waste polluting soil and water quality. Among them, combustible wastes should be incinerated, non-combustible wastes and wastes generating harmful gases should be landfilled, and hazardous wastes containing heavy metals such as mercury cells or fluorescent lamps should be recycled or safely landfilled. In addition, food waste can be recycled as compost. Above all, it is important to discharge less waste, and when the waste is discharged, it should be separated and sanitized by considering its disposal method so that it can be recycled or disposed of safely.

In general, garbage emits bad smells and breeds rats and flies, worsening the living environment and harmful to public health. It also occupies valuable living spaces, discomforting people, hurting aesthetics and discomfort. As such, the waste is detrimental to the environment and must be disposed of in a container through a series of processes such as collection, transportation, intermediate treatment, and final disposal. In the past, most of the garbage was kitchen waste, which could be disposed of on its own, either as food for livestock such as dogs or pigs, or as compost for use as fertilizer. However, with the rapid economic growth after World War II, garbage also increased rapidly and became a problem for each country. Along with the improvement of the economic level, a large number of convenient and discarded products have appeared, resulting in an increase in consumption and a corresponding increase in waste generation. In addition, in response to changes in consumer awareness and demands, various types of products, including food, were packaged in boxes or containers for mass production and mass supply. Moreover, regardless of the packaging's inherent function of maintaining freshness and delivering products safely to consumers, it is likely to increase the amount of overpacking in accordance with the best-in-class sales. The amount of waste generated has increased tremendously as generalized products have been generalized. On the other hand, since the quality of garbage has shifted from natural products, such as kitchen waste, to industrial products and by-products such as paper, synthetic resin, glass, and metals, the treatment of natural circulation has become very difficult. Such treatment also causes air pollution or water pollution caused by leachate in landfills. The disposal cost to cope with the garbage problem is also increasing rapidly with the increase of the amount of waste generated, and it is also difficult to select the location of the waste disposal facility. In particular, landfill sites that require large spaces are planned and reviewed at the national level because of the difficulty in securing interests and land. In order to solve this serious problem of garbage, countries around the world are researching and implementing many technical and institutional devices. Technically, various measures are being studied in terms of recycling waste to resources and energy, and safe and efficient landfilling.Institutionally, regulations are established on the principle of the material responsible for waste disposal and the production and sale of hazardous products. It is implemented. On the other hand, from the point of view of shared responsibility for the garbage problem, citizens are required to reflect and reconsider their lifestyles and lifestyles.

Disposal of wastes is, in principle, carried out by local governments with a specific plan. Therefore, waste disposal is handled by a municipal waste management company under the direct management or consignment of a municipality, or obtained from a municipal waste disposal authority.

(1) Basic Direction of Garbage Disposal: First, reduce the generation of garbage as much as possible, minimize the waste to be treated once efficiently, and then stabilize and reduce the waste by incineration, etc. As a sanitary landfill. However, since it is difficult to secure landfills, it is basic to burn all combustible waste.

(2) Garbage collection: Garbage collection is carried out by municipalities, consignors or licensed collectors. Garbage collection is mostly carried by vehicles, and depending on the circumstances, it may be relayed by vehicles and ships and transported to a garbage disposal facility. Another new way is pipe collection or pipe transport (air transport), which transports waste through the underground pipes.

(3) Waste disposal method: The most common waste disposal method is the method of incineration of waste by incineration, reduction and stabilization of waste, and landfill of incineration residues. On the other hand, the use of recycled waste as a resource or the conversion to heat energy through incineration can be considered as effective waste disposal methods. According to the current status of waste disposal in Korea, direct landfills are overwhelming, and the rate of incineration or recycling is extremely low. Therefore, there is a need for a methodological switch to landfill-based waste disposal. Food waste in the waste is mainly made through composting and fodder as a resource recycling method.

Composting is a method of treating food waste, organic fertilizing and using it on soil. The biggest difficulty with this solution is the desalination problem. Although it has been greatly improved by continuous research, it is still difficult to remove the complete salt and foreign substances, and the treatment of the desorption solution is one of the difficult tasks.

Feeding is a way to recycle food waste into livestock feed. This method has been decreasing in recent years due to the disease caused by bacteria and viruses.

Accordingly, the technical problem to be achieved by the present invention is to provide a resource recycling method of food waste, which can be mass-produced at a low price by overcoming the various problems as described above, which is not harmful to the human body and is environmentally friendly and high economical efficiency.

By carbonizing food waste and recycling it as charcoal, it not only becomes a method of effectively treating food waste, but also has the advantage of contributing to energy saving by producing high quality charcoal and supplying it at a low price.

1 is a process chart in a food waste carbonization process according to the present invention.

Carbonization refers to the process of converting an organic material into a carbon-rich black material when heating and blocking the flow of air or oxygen. Charcoal is a representative example of this carbonization product. The produced product is an aggregate composed mainly of amorphous carbon and the like, which is mostly porous and has a very large surface area. Carbonization is also carbonization when coal is carbonized, or soot is lit when candles are lit. It is estimated that the reaction of carbonization proceeds in many parts, but dehydration and dehydrogenation occurs by heating, condensed multi-aromatic compounds are formed, and meshes are formed again.

In the carbonization process, when the carbonaceous raw material is heated to about 500 ° C., the oxygen bond is broken by the decomposition action such as dehydration and deoxidation. At this time, oxygen is released into the atmosphere in the form of water, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and the like, and volatile matter is almost eliminated by flammable gas, thereby leaving the final fixed carbon.

It is the gist of the present technology to carbonize food waste with such characteristics in mind.

Carbonization technology does not burn and remove the carbon content of food like incineration, but heats it in an oxygen-free state to produce dry gas and re-burns the dry food gas by using the generated heat. Is a series of techniques to generate.

Food waste consists mainly of 85% of water and 15% of total solids (= evaporation residue). Of these total solids, 75% of volatile solids (volatile at high temperatures). Material).

When carbonized food wastes by high heat treatment, volatile solids are pyrolyzed to generate flammable gas, which is called dry gas.

The characteristics of dry gas are mainly in the form of molecular constituting food, that is, C-C, C-H, C-N, C-O bonds, etc., and thermally decomposes the bonds of atoms and atoms to form methane, ethane and ethylene.

The produced dry gas is generated as follows depending on the carbonization temperature.

[Table 1] Gas produced according to carbonization temperature

As can be seen from [Table 1], water and adsorption gas present in food waste are mainly released up to 200 ° C., and gases such as H ₂ S, NH ₃ , CH ₄ , C ₂ H ₆ , and CO are mainly generated up to 400 ° C. I can see that.

Referring to the carbonization process of food waste according to the present invention.

Various food wastes containing 80-85% or more of moisture are brought in and put into the automatic crushing sorter through the storage hopper. The automatic crusher sorts the food waste into 5 ~ 10mm to make particulate state, and performs the function of sorting and separating unnecessary contaminants (vinyls, metals, etc.). Food waste in the form of particulates is dehydrated by moving to a dehydrator, and the desorption liquid generated after dehydration is moved to a wastewater treatment apparatus and purified.

The dehydrated particulate food waste is transferred to a dryer and dried. At this time, the dryer is supplied with heat by the burner to dry the food waste, and the steam generated during drying is lowered through the heat exchanger and then separated into water and gas through the separator. Moisture is moved to the wastewater treatment system to go through the boots process, and the evaporated gas is discharged to the atmosphere after being treated by the air pollution prevention facility by blowing the blower into the air pollution apparatus.

The dryer is equipped with a device equipped with a heat exchanger and a separator, and a separator connected directly to the dryer is installed in addition to the process of passing the heat exchanger and separator to the air pollution prevention facility as mentioned above. In other words, the separator is installed in connection with two dryers. The separator, which is directly attached to the dryer without passing through a heat exchanger, separates water vapor generated during drying into gas and water, and reuses the double gas part in the combustor by blowing the blower into the combustor, thereby increasing energy savings. It is a process.

The gas (gas) separated from the water separator connected directly to the dryer, the water is sent to the waste water treatment device to be purified, the gas (gas) portion is sent to the combustor is reused as an energy source. In order to properly supply gas from the separator to the combustor, a blower is installed to blow the gas into the combustor.

Food waste dried through the dryer is sorted again through the cyclone. Selected food waste particles enter the carbonizer and undergo a carbonization process.

At this time, the heat source of the carbonizer is hot air supplied by the blower from the combustor, and the energy source of the combustor is roughly classified into three types. The energy supplied to the combustor through the burner and the heat source supplied from the dryer is a gas separator (a device that separates gas and water from steam), the gas supplied through a blower, and the dry gas from the carbonizer as an energy source. To reuse.

The charcoal, dry gas and hot air from the carbonizer are treated separately. First, the food waste turned into charcoal powder goes through the cyclone once more and then sent to the cooler. Charcoal powder from the carbonizer has a high temperature, so natural cooling takes a long time.

Therefore, it is cooled in a cooler quickly and then sent to the carbide reservoir hopper.

Dry gas from the carbonizer passes through a cyclone and is then sent back to the combustor for recycling as a combustor energy source.

The three elements coming out of the carbonizer, that is, charcoal powder, dry gas and hot air, are sent back to the dryer for reuse in drying dehydrated food waste.

The charcoal powder, which is transferred to the dehydration storage hopper through the cooler, is sent to the charcoal forming machine to be formed into charcoal of a certain size. At this time, in order to increase the thermal efficiency of the charcoal is added bituminous coal about 15-25%. Charcoal molding machine can be molded into a charcoal of a suitable size to be adjusted to the desired size. The produced charcoal is shipped and shipped to the desired place.

In order to reduce the energy required to drive the food carbonization treatment apparatus, some of the charcoal produced through the above processes is re-injected into the combustor and recycled as an energy source. Through this, it is possible to reduce the energy required of the food carbonization treatment apparatus. The input amount of the charcoal into the combustor may be arbitrarily determined by the user in relation to the amount of charcoal sold and sold, and as much as desired.

When the food waste is recycled as described above, it is possible to mass-produce it at a low price, and it is possible to realize the recycling of food waste that is not harmful to the human body and is environmentally friendly and has high economic feasibility.

By carbonizing food waste and recycling it as charcoal, it not only becomes a method of effectively treating food waste, but also has the advantage of contributing to energy saving by producing high quality charcoal and supplying it at a low price. In addition, by re-injecting the manufactured charcoal in the food waste carbonization apparatus and recycling, it is a way to reduce the energy required to drive the carbonization apparatus.

Although the invention has been described in detail only with respect to the described embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made within the spirit and scope of the invention, and such variations or modifications are within the scope of the appended claims. will be.

Claims (1)

Food waste containing 80-85% or more of water is sent to a storage hopper, and then crushed into fine particles through an automatic crusher, and the waste is separated and disposed of. Sent to the processing unit, The dehydrated food waste particles are sent to a storage hopper and then to a dryer, dried in a dryer, then sent to a carbonizer through a cyclone, and converted into charcoal. After going through the cyclone once more, it is cooled through a cooler, and then sent to a carbide storage hopper, and 15-25% of bituminous coal is introduced into a char of a desired size in a charcoal molding machine, and then processed. In the food waste carbonization method, How to send water vapor generated from the dryer to the air pollution prevention facility through heat exchanger, water separator and blower process and to send the water vapor directly to the water separator without going through the heat exchanger to recycle the energy source of the combustor by using the blower At the same time, In the carbonizer that supplies hot air through burner, burner, and blower process, the charcoal powder produced through this process is put into a charcoal molding machine and formed into charcoal, and then re-injected into the combustor and reused as a heat energy source. To achieve savings, Of the three types of charcoal powder, dry gas and hot air flowing out of the carbonizer, the charcoal powder and dry gas are sent through the cyclone to charcoal powder to the cooler, and the dry gas is sent back to the combustor for recycling. It is characterized by reusing as a heat source of the dryer to send to, In addition to the charcoal powder produced by using food waste in the process of shaping the charcoal, characterized in that it is prepared by injecting the coal with 15-25% charcoal molding machine to increase the thermal efficiency, Carbonization method of food waste comprising a series of processes