KR20040071219A - Assembly system for synchronizing devices in a gearbox - Google Patents

Abstract

Structuring system for synchronising devices for a gearbox, whereby the synchronising device comprises: a carrier (6) which is mounted on, and for joint rotation with, a gearbox shaft (4) and which has not only a hub portion (8) connected to the shaft but also a web portion (10), which carrier supports for joint rotation with it but axial mobility relative to it a surrounding shift sleeve (16) whereby the carrier can be coupled to a coupling element (22',22") fastened firmly to a gearwheel mounted rotatably on the shaft; at least one inner synchronising ring (28, 40) with conical outer friction surface; an outer synchronising ring (24a, 24b) with conical inner friction surface and external locking teeth (26); an intermediate synchronising ring (34) fitted between the inner and outer synchronising rings. The structuring system is usable for single, double or triple synchronisation versions, and the outer synchronising ring (24a, 24b) has driving protrusions (36a, 36b) which engage at least halfway in the web portion of the carrier. Each driving protrusion is situated in an engagement aperture (38). The synchronising ring (28, 34) immediately within the outer synchronising ring provided with locking teeth (26) has on its side facing away from the web portion of the carrier axial driving protrusions (30a, 30b) which each engage in respective adjacent coupling elements (22', 22").

Description

ASSEMBLY SYSTEM FOR SYNCHRONIZING DEVICES IN A GEARBOX

The synchronization device of the kind mentioned above has not only a hub portion but also a web portion which supports a shift sleeve (synchronization sleeve) to be able to axially move while rotating together and arranged on the axis of rotation. And a carrier, which is jointly rotated with the axis of rotation, by means of movement of the shift sleeve, the carrier, ie the axis, being coupled to a coupling element belonging to the gearwheel of the gearbox. This coupling element may be an element that takes the form of a part of the same gearbox gear or is tightly connected to the gear. The synchronization device also includes at least two synchronization rings with conical friction surfaces that work together.

Synchronization devices of this kind are already known and include forms designed to carry out single, dual or triple synchronization.

Examples of such known techniques include a synchronization mechanism according to Swedish patent SE 448 182 and a synchronization device according to DE 199 28 597 A1.

However, both of these specifications describe devices of relatively complex design that include many different types of components, which can be easily combined to form alternative synchronization schemes for purposes in a particular case. It is not possible to reasonably build single, dual and triple synchronization devices using a limited number of standard primitives. A particular disadvantage of the synchronization device according to the German patent specification is that the overall axial length of the device becomes unwieldy. With regard to the synchronizing device according to the above-mentioned Swedish patent specification, it has a special recoil washer (plate) which connects the outer and inner synchronizing rings (ie latch cone and inner cone) together in a manner that transmits a torsional force. It can be noted that it is provided. This transfers the entire synchronization torque to the latch cone. The locking teeth of the latch cone can thus be made relatively sharp at the end, which means that the required gear shifting force is small, making gear shifting easier in the associated gearbox. However, a disadvantage of such synchronization devices with recoil washers is that the axial thickness of the device is increased due to the thickness of the washer material and the placement of the washers next to the carrier web.

The invention relates to a structuring system for gearbox synchronization devices of the type indicated in the preamble of claim 1.

The invention is now described and described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show embodiments of synchronization devices (and parts thereof) constituted by an assembly system according to the invention.

1 shows an axial longitudinal cross section through a first synchronization device constructed by an assembly system according to the invention.

FIG. 2 is a partial view schematically showing, in an exploded plane, a portion of the coupling and locking teeth forming part of the synchronization device according to FIG. 1; FIG.

FIG. 3 is a view corresponding to FIG. 1 showing an axial longitudinal section through a second synchronization device constructed in accordance with the invention. FIG.

4 shows a coupling and a lock tooth forming part of the synchronization device according to FIG. 3, similarly to FIG. 2.

5A-13A are axial longitudinal cross-sectional views of successive steps of the synchronization process in a third synchronization device constructed in accordance with the present invention.

5B-13B show the mutual position of the coupling teeth and the locking teeth forming part of the synchronization device according to FIGS. 5A-13A in the manner shown in FIGS. 2 and 4.

14 is a view showing a carrier.

15 and 16 are views showing the clutch disc.

17 and 18 show the latch cone.

19 and 20 are diagrams illustrating an internal synchronization ring.

It is a figure which shows a shift sleeve.

22 and 23 are diagrams illustrating an intermediate synchronization ring.

24 shows a line spring element for the synchronization device shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, respectively.

25 and 26 show examples of how two different synchronization devices can be fitted to one axis in the gearbox.

27 to 29 show another form of drive connection between the latch cone and the inner cone.

The main object of the present invention is an alternative type of synchronization device (for single, dual, or triple synchronization) that can achieve a single, double or triple synchronization using a relatively small number of combinable standard components (articles). It is to provide a new type of assembly system for.

Another essential purpose is that the overall length of the individual synchronizing devices can be designed to be compact and short, and similar essentials, whether the "base gearbox" with the synchronizing device of standardized configuration is for manual or electronic operation It is to provide an assembly system that can have.

Another object is to make it easier to carry out the assembly (like disassembly or disassembly) of the components of the synchronization device.

It is also desirable to provide a synchronizing device having a gear change characteristic that makes it relatively easy to change gears in a gearbox in which the synchronizing device is incorporated.

The object of the present invention is achieved by an assembly system of the kind shown in the introduction which has the feature configuration shown in the features of claim 1. The features indicated in the dependent claims 2 to 7 represent various forms of the synchronization assembly system according to the invention which are further refined and better than several existing synchronization devices.

The main distinguishing feature of the new assembly system according to the invention is that it has a locking tooth and an outer synchronizing ring, hereinafter referred to as a "latch cone", with one or more drive projections radially inward at the innermost part of its radial direction. In addition, since each of the drive protrusions penetrates the web portion and is designed to drive in engagement with the web portion of the vehicle at an interlocking hole used in the drive protrusion, the system is in a single, double, or triple synchronization form. It can be used. In the double or triple synchronous form, each of these interlocking holes of the axially oriented drive projection on the inner synchronization ring with the drive cone of the latch cone is also interlocked, and the outer synchronization ring with the lock teeth is its conical inside. The synchronization ring, which is in contact through the friction surface, represents one or more axially directed drive projections on the side facing away from the web portion of the carrier, each of which drive recesses in a coupling element of an adjacent cogwheel. )

The synchronizing ring (synchronizing cone) having a conical friction surface and in driving engagement with the carrier (ie driven by the carrier) in a relative hole radially inward through each drive protrusion and penetrating the web portion, There is a very compact "insertable" arrangement in the axial direction of the synchronization ring, whereby the web portion of the carrier is used efficiently (at optimal intervals) over the entire dimension of its thickness.

In practice, the carrier of the synchronizing device of the vehicle gearbox is generally arranged in the region between two axially separated cogs mounted on the shaft for rotation, each said cogwheel having a coupling element and the couple The ring element is adjacent to the carrier and the carrier can be drive connected through this coupling element by the axial movement of the shift sleeve in operation of the current synchronization ring.

In such a case, the number of synchronization rings (cones) on the opposite side of the carrier may be different in order to meet the requirement of the magnitude of the synchronization action (friction action to equalize the rotational speed) which must act on each side of the carrier. If you want to achieve approximately the same "gear shift sensation" at low and high speeds, which is particularly desirable in the case of manual gearboxes, it is necessary to apply large synchronization power (for example, shifting a vehicle on the first gear ), There is a greater number of synchronous rings working together (e.g., shifting from four to five gears, where single or dual synchronization is sufficient). For example, triple sync) is required.

Forms with two synchronization rings (eg, single synchronization) on one side of the vehicle can be combined with three synchronization rings (dual synchronization) on the opposite side of the vehicle to exhibit the characteristics indicated in the features of claim 2.

In another form comprising three synchronization rings (dual synchronization) on one side of the vehicle and four synchronization rings (ie triple synchronization) on the opposite side of the carrier in combination therewith, the system is characterized by the features indicated in the features of claim 3. Can be represented. In this case the conical interior of the innermost third synchronization ring applies to the corresponding conical annular flange portion of the adjacent coupling element of the gear, which is a flange element tightened to a particular gear or is integral with the same gear. It may take the form of side parts.

In particular, radial hubs are distinguished from each other in terms of manufacturing technical reasons and in that the radial distances between the carrier teeth on the radially outer side of the web portion of the vehicle and the outer surface of the gearbox shaft on which the hub portion of the vehicle is mounted are different from each other. In order to be able to use a standardized type of carrier in a gearbox with two or more carriers of different web dimensions, the hub portion of the carrier is attached to the shaft for rotation with the shaft and has an external axial peak. It may be advantageous to allow the spline of the portion to be connected to the shaft via a carrier sleeve that engages between the peaks on the inner circumferential surface of the hub portion to make a joint rotation with the shaft. In such a case, the carrier sleeve serves as an adapter (fitting the intermediate element) between the inner surface of the hub portion of the carrier and the axis on which the carrier is drive connected.

In order to make the entire length of the carrier with its associated synchronization ring on each side of the web portion as short as possible, the radially inward drive projection with the locking teeth (latch cone) and the carrier It is advantageous for the axial projections on the other synchronization ring to engage the web portion of the locator in a linkage hole that passes through the web portion completely or almost completely. As a result, the web portion can be utilized to the fullest and the web portion preferably has a substantially constant web thickness in this engagement area.

In the early stages of the synchronization process, the shift sleeve moves axially towards the gear being engaged. That is, they move axially inwardly and partially past the adjacent and axially facing outer synchronization ring (latch cone). In this case, there is a suitable preliminary synchronization element, preferably in the form of an annular line spring, between this synchronization ring with locking teeth and the radially outer portion of the web portion, with the coupling teeth in the shape of the peaks shifting sleeves. On the inner face of the preliminary synchronizing element is brought into contact with the radially projecting working part with the locking teeth of the synchronizing ring. This sun spring element fits into an area immediately within the "undercut" end of the outer carrier tooth of the carrier web portion.

It is easy to fit the sun spring element into an area in the undercut carrier tooth end of the carrier, wherein the area in the undercut carrier tooth end is such that even when the shift sleeve moves to its gear engagement position on the axially opposite side of the carrier Hold firmly in its sandwiched area. It is not necessary to turn the sun spring element and the shift sleeve to a specific spring fitting position to fit the sun spring element.

In general, the force against the outermost synchronizing ring (latch cone) against one or more other synchronizing rings located therein selects the dimensions of the line spring element to provide an appropriate preload force and an appropriate contact angle with respect to the shift sleeve and latch cone. Can be determined.

FIG. 1 is a carrier 6 mounted to a gearbox rotational shaft 4 which is jointly rotated with the gearbox rotational shaft, the hub portion 8 (only shown in FIGS. 25 to 26) connectable to the shaft 4. It also shows a first synchronizing device 2 constructed by an assembly system according to the invention, comprising a carrier 6 which also comprises a web part 10 projecting radially from the hub part 8. On the outer circumferential surface of the web portion, the carrier 6 has an outer portion 12 that extends laterally in the axial direction and has an axial carrier tooth 14 on the outer surface (FIG. 13A). On the outer surface of this outer portion 12, the carrier is mounted to the carrier for rotation with the carrier and supports a shift sleeve 16 (FIG. 21) which is axially movable relative to the carrier and annularly surrounds the carrier. do. The shift sleeve is provided with a peak coupling tooth 18 engaged in an intermediate space between the carrier teeth 14. By the axial movement of the shift sleeve 16 the carrier is moved on the shaft 4 (by the bearings 25, 27) for rotation after actuation of a number of cooperating motion synchronizing rings located within the carrier teeth 14. Outer coupling teeth 20 'and 20 "on coupling elements 22' and 22" (shown only in FIGS. 25 and 26), respectively, fastened to the side of each mounted gear 21 and 23, respectively. ) May be coupled to each other.

In the synchronization device 2 according to FIG. 1, the synchronization ring on the left side (single synchronization side) of the carrier 6 is located in the synchronization ring and has an external synchronization ring (latch cone) having an external locking tooth 26 ( 24a) and an inner synchronizing ring 28 having three axially driven projections 30a, each circumferentially separated from each recess 32a of the adjacent coupling element 22 '.

On the right side (dual synchronizing side) of the carrier 6, the synchronizing ring has three axes which respectively engage the outer synchronizing ring (latch cone) 24b and each recess 32b of the adjacent coupling element 22 ". An intermediate synchronizing ring (intermediate cone) 34 having a directional drive protrusion 30b (see Fig. 22) Latch cones 24a and 24b are drive protrusions 36a and 36b separated in three circumferential directions, respectively. Each of the drive protrusions is inwardly radially inward and each drive protrusion is designed to engage with the web portion 10 of the carrier 6 at an interlocking hole 38 through the web portion. do.

The carrier 6 thus has six such holes 38 (see FIG. 14), three of which are used by the projections 36a and the other three by the projections 36b. Inside radially intermediate intermediate cone 34 is provided with three axially driven projections 42 (see FIGS. 1 and 20) separated in the circumferential direction which engage the drive projections 36b of the latch cone 24b. There is a synchronization ring (inner cone) 40.

In the synchronization device 102 shown in FIG. 3, the synchronization ring on the left side (dual synchronization side) of the carrier 6 is in principle of the same design as the synchronization ring on the right side of the device 2 of FIG. 100 is added to the same reference numeral and used for the corresponding component of FIG. That is, 124, 134, 140 are used for the cones, and 136, 130, 142 are used for the driving protrusions. On the right side (triple synchronization side), the latch cone is denoted by reference numeral 144, and a pair of intermediate synchronization rings (intermediate cones) are denoted by reference numerals 146 and 148, respectively. The innermost middle cone 148 has three drive protrusions 142 that axially engage with the drive protrusions 144 of the latch cone and protrude inwardly. The conical inner surface of the intermediate cone 148 is thus located inside the coupling element 122 (see FIG. 16) rigidly coupled to the cog wheel 29 (see FIG. 26) supported on the shaft 4 for rotation. A conical outer surface of the annular flange portion 150 working together.

In the synchronization device according to FIGS. 1 and 3, the hub portion 8 of the carrier 6 is attached to the shaft 4 and has an external axial peak 54 for rotation with the shaft 4. The spline 56 of the hub portion is connected to the shaft 4 via a carrier sleeve 52 which engages between the peaks and jointly rotates with the shaft 4. Each drive protrusion 36a, 36b and 136a, 136b of each latch cone 24a, 24b and 124,144 is substantially radially inward and centered (perpendicular to the axis 4) of the web portion 10. It is located in the area of the plane, and also completely within the interlock hole 38. On the opposite side of the carrier 6, a preliminary synchronization spring element in the form of an annular linear spring 58 (see FIG. 24), whose ends are close together in the circumferential direction, is adjacent to the outer portion 12 of the web portion 10. It is arranged between each of the latch cones 24a, 24b and 124,144. This sun spring 58 fits in an area immediately within the lower cut end 60 (see FIG. 13A) of the carrier tooth 14 on the widened outer portion 12 of the web portion 10 of the carrier 6. .

The arrangement of the recesses 32a and 32b of the disc-shaped coupling elements 22 'and 22 "are shown in Figures 15 and 16, respectively, and the latch cones corresponding to the latch cones 24b, 124 and 144 are shown in Figure 18. The middle cones 34, 134, 146 and 148 are shown in FIGS. 22 and 23, respectively.

In the following, the continuous steps of the synchronization process of the synchronization device will be briefly described in terms of the features characterized by a single synchronization on both sides of the carrier 6. In this form, the synchronization device comprises two uniform latch cones 62 working together with two uniform inner cones 64, which are shown in FIG. It is of the same shape as the inner synchronization ring (inner cone) 28 in the embodiment. In this case, the latch cone 62 (see FIG. 5) is driven in three axial directions, each engaging three holes in the six interlocking holes 38 (see FIG. 14) through the carrier 6 from opposite directions. It has a projection 66.

Reference numerals for parts / components of primary relevance to the present invention refer to the same parts / components in FIGS. 6 to 13 showing the successive stages of the synchronization process and are therefore only shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B for simplicity.

In the synchronization process shown in FIGS. 5 to 13, the axial movement of the synchronization sleeve (shift sleeve) 16 is usually engaged with the circumferential groove 70 and through the intermediate connection portion with the gear lever or gear selector. It is made by a gearshift fork, which is not shown here, which is operated by the driver, wherein an associated gearbox with the shown synchronization device forms part of the vehicle's power transmission system. 5 (including FIGS. 5A and 5B) shows a synchronization device in a neutral position.

When the gearwheel, which is firmly connected to the disc-shaped coupling element 22 ', is coupled (driven) to the gearbox shaft 4 to which the carrier 6 is attached to rotate together, the shift sleeve ( 16 is moved from the neutral position of FIG. 5 to the left to be in the application position shown in FIG. 6, where the coupling teeth 18 press the line spring 58 on which the underside acts as a preliminary synchronization element. 62), so that the inner conical friction surface of this latch cone is in frictional contact with the conical outer surface of the inner cone 64. The latch cone 62 then rotates with respect to the carrier 6 and is in the engaged position shown in FIG. 7, with the locking teeth 26 preventing the shift sleeve 16 from moving axially to the left anymore. . During the continuous synchronization shown in FIG. 8, the friction between the latch cone 62 and the inner cone 64 causes an additional synchronization action, resulting in a clockwise rotation as shown in FIG. 9, with the locking teeth ( 26 no longer prevents the shift sleeve from axially shifting to the scraping position shown in FIG. 10, instead the coupling teeth of the shift sleeve being axial with respect to the coupling teeth 20 ′ of the coupling element 22 ′. The fact that it is centered in the direction prevents further axial movement of the coupling teeth of the shift sleeve.

The synchronization process is then completed by successive internal rotation of the coupling element 22 'with respect to the shift sleeve 16, shown in Figures 11 and 12, which is completed by coupling teeth 18 of the shift sleeve. Ends when a position is reached that can move into the intermediate space between the coupling teeth 20 'past the end of the coupling teeth 20' towards the final coupling connection position shown in FIG. In this situation, the gear is coupled to the coupling element 22 'via the coupling tooth 20' of the coupling element 22 'and the shift sleeve 16 is connected to this coupling tooth 20'. Coupling is coupled and the carrier is arranged and drive connected to the shaft for rotation with the shaft.

27 to 29 finally show that, for simplicity, for simplicity, each of the protrusions 236 'and 236' 'of each of the latch cones 224' and 224 "are single, double and triple synchronization, when synchronization is shown on only one side. (See angles in Figures 27, 28 and 29.) As shown in Figures 28-29, in this case each of the inner cones 240 and 248 is attached to the carrier 6; A recess 250 is provided on the side edge abutting, wherein an end 252 of the drive protrusions 236 ′, 236 ″ of the latch cones 224 ′, 224 ″ bent axially within the recess is defined by the inner cone. It engages without power transmission through the carrier to couple the latch cones directly together. The number of drive protrusions can advantageously be 3, 5, and 7 for single, double and triple synchronization, and the number of interlocking holes 38 through the web portion 10 of the carrier 6 is 12 Reach a dog

Claims (7)

An assembly system for a synchronization device for a gearbox, preferably for a gearbox of a vehicle, The synchronizing device includes a hub portion 8 connected to the rotation shaft 4 as well as a web portion 10 protruding radially from the hub portion and mounted on the rotation shaft 4 to jointly rotate together with the rotation shaft. Including; An outer circumferential surface of the carrier supports a shift sleeve surrounding the carrier in an annular manner so as to rotate with the web portion and move axially with respect to the web portion; The carrier may be coupled to a coupling element 22 ', 22 "coupled to a cog wheel that is rotatably mounted on an axis, The synchronization device comprises at least one inner synchronization ring (28, 40; 140) having a conical outer friction surface and an outer synchronization ring (24a, 24b) having an outer locking tooth (26) on the conical inner friction surface and its outer peripheral surface. And 124,144, including in the case of a dual or triple synchronization type a synchronization ring (34; 146,148) interposed between the inner and outer synchronization rings and having an inner conical friction surface and an outer conical friction surface. In the assembly system for the synchronization device for the box, The assembly system is usable in a single, double or triple synchronization form, wherein the outer synchronization rings 24a, 24b; 124, 144 with locking teeth 26 are in the radially innermost part of the web portion of the carrier. Drive projections 36a, 36b; 66 that engage at least at least halfway therebetween, each drive projection having a web portion 10 of the carrier at an interlocking hole 38 through the web portion for each drive projection. Designed to engage and drive, Each projection of the outer synchronization ring (latch cone) also engages with an axially oriented drive projection 42 on the inner synchronization ring, in the case of a double or triple synchronization type, The synchronization rings 28, 34; 134, 146 in contact with the conical inner friction surface of the outer synchronization ring with locking teeth 26 are at least one axially directed drive protrusion in contact with the web portion of the carrier. (30a, 30b; 130), wherein each of the drive protrusions engages the recesses of the coupling elements (22; 122) of the adjacent cog wheels. An assembly system for a synchronization device according to claim 1, wherein the carrier (6) is provided with coupling elements (22 ′, 22 ″) adjacent to the carrier, respectively, rotatably mounted on a rotating shaft and axially separated. An assembly system for a synchronization device, arranged in an area between two gears, the carrier being connectable by axial movement of the shift sleeve 16 and the action of the synchronization rings, One or more axial drive projections 30a on which the outer synchronizing ring 24a with locking teeth on one side of the carrier 6 engages the recess 32a in the coupling element 22 'of the adjacent cogwheel. Is in contact with an internal synchronization ring 28 having On the other side opposite the carrier another outer synchronization ring 24b has an internal synchronization with an axial projection 42 which engages the projection of the latch cone in one of the linkage holes 38 of the web portion of the carrier. Contacting the intermediate synchronizing ring 34 internally adjacent to the ring 40 and conical on both sides and engaging recesses in the coupling element 22 "of the adjacent cogwheel by one or more axial protrusions 30b. Assembly system for a synchronization device, characterized in that in the state. An assembly system for a synchronization device according to claim 1, wherein the carrier (6) is provided with two toothed teeth, each of which has coupling elements (22; 122) adjacent to the carrier and is rotatably mounted on a rotating shaft and axially separated. In the assembly between the wheels, the assembly is arranged, wherein the carrier can be drive connected by the action of the synchronization rings and the axial movement of the shift sleeve 16. An outer synchronizing ring 124 with a locking tooth on one side of the carrier is internally connected to an inner synchronizing ring with an axial protrusion that is in engagement with one of the interlocking holes 38 of the web portion of the carrier. Is in contact with an intermediate synchronizing ring 134 that is adjacent and is conical on both sides and engages a recess in the coupling element of the adjacent cogwheel through one or more axial protrusions 130, On the other side opposite the carrier another outer synchronizing ring 144 has one or more axial protrusions 142 which are conical on both sides and engage the protrusions of the latch cone 144 in one of the linkage holes 38. Intermediate synchronization internally adjacent to the innermost synchronization ring 148 with conical sides and conical on both sides and engaging recesses in the coupling element 122 of the adjacent cogwheel through one or more axial protrusions 130. In contact with the ring 146, The conical inner surface of the innermost synchronization ring (148) is adjacent to the surface of the conical annular flange portion (150) working together of the coupling element of the adjacent cogwheel. 4. The hub portion (8) of any of the preceding claims, wherein the hub portion (8) of the carrier is attached to the shaft for rotation with the shaft and has external axial peaks and between the peaks. A spline (56) on the inner circumferential surface of the hub portion is connected to the shaft via an interlocking carrier sleeve (52) to jointly rotate with the shaft. The at least one outer synchronizing ring (latch cone) with a locking tooth 26, preferably radially inwardly, in the central region of the web portion. Positioning the driving protrusions 36a and 36b and the axial protrusions 42 and 142 on the other synchronizing rings which engage the protrusions of the respective latch cones are located in an interlocking hole 38 through the web portion and the web Wherein the portion has a substantially constant web thickness in this region. 6. The annular preliminary spring element 58 according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at each side of the carrier, an annular preliminary synchronization spring element 58 fitted in an area immediately below the lower cut end 60 of the carrier tooth is defined. Assembly, characterized in that it is arranged between the radially outer portion (12) with the outer carrier teeth (14) of the portion (10) and each adjacent outer synchronization ring. 7. The assembly system of claim 6, wherein the preliminary synchronization spring element takes the form of a wire spring (58).