KR20040020680A - Method of producing liquid fertilizer suitable for the use - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: Provided is a method for making an organic liquid fertilizer using an optional fermentation, which reduces the environmental pollution, prevents the acidifying of earth, and improves the yield of agricultural crops. CONSTITUTION: The method for making a liquid fertilizer comprises the steps of: separating livestock excrement mixture through a filtering tank and collecting in a collector tank; passing the excrement mixture to a solid/liquid separator to separate the excrement liquid; passing the separated excrement liquid to a microorganism treating tank by means of a transfer pumping tank; introducing anaerobic or aerobic microorganisms and agitating under aeration to form the liquid fertilizer; and aging and fermenting the liquid fertilizer in a fermentation tank.

Description

Method for manufacturing liquid fertilizer suitable for use {METHOD OF PRODUCING LIQUID FERTILIZER SUITABLE FOR THE USE}

The present invention relates to a method for producing a liquid fertilizer by fermenting organic liquid wastes, such as agricultural, livestock manure and wastewater sludge, through anaerobic or arbitrary microorganisms. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing liquid fertilizers suitable for use in field crops and paddy crops, using liquid waste such as livestock manure, sludge, sludge, sludge and industrial sludge waste.

Conventionally, the use of chemical fertilizers causes environmental pollution, causing salt accumulation of soil, destroying the grain structure, which is the fundamental structure of soil, and causing damage such as inhibition of crop growth due to nutrient bias. . To solve this problem, a natural farming method is being implemented. At this time, the fertilizer used as a substitute for chemical fertilizer is an organic liquid fertilizer.

In relation to livestock organic waste, animal manure has conventionally been treated by simply washing the manure from the barn with water or by filtering or sedimenting the washed manure mixture in the treatment tank to treat livestock manure. As a result of the improvement of the farming industry and the growth of livestock industry, it was urgent to study efficient treatment methods in terms of the above purification facilities and operation management from small livestock farmers to enterprise-scale livestock companies.

In recent years, various methods of using concentrated fertilizer wastewater as a liquid fertilizer have been proposed, but have shown various problems with the use of liquid fertilizer. That is, due to the characteristics of the liquid fertilizer for various needs depending on the time and use of the liquid fertilizer, the components are not constant, the degree of maturity is unknown, and the inefficient part such as installing a large tank for storage has been pointed out as a problem.

In addition, the liquid fertilizer project, which is being promoted as a resource for livestock manure, is currently being carried out nationwide. This can be said to be the result of efforts to recycle large amounts of livestock manure produced as resources, not wastewater. Conventional livestock manure recycling policy has been pursued in the direction of making fermented compost, which is accompanied by various burdens such as distribution of moisture control agent and immature compost and excessive financial burden. However, liquid fertilizer is considered to be the most economical and effective way of treating wastewater treatment in a batch by using it as a resource without using a moisture control agent.

However, concentrated manure contains hardly degradable foreign substances, such as pig hair and feed waste. This decreases the quality of the liquid fertilizer, causing a difficult application of the liquid fertilizer. However, in the past, by storing the manure manure in the liquid fertilizer tank after a certain period of time or lodging or decay in the land applied to the land has been acting as a factor that hinders the convenience of inhabitants, such as odor occurs in addition to the above problems.

Fermentation of concentrated wastewater using microorganisms to produce liquid fertilizers includes aerobic microorganisms and anaerobic microorganisms. There are advantages such as ease of handling due to, but the value of the fertilizer is slightly reduced, there is a problem such as the occurrence of secondary housing due to the large amount of sludge and excessive power costs. On the other hand, the method by anaerobic microorganisms has advantages such as stable fertilizer production, sufficient maturation of organic matter, and low power cost, but relatively long processing time, negative view of the killing of harmful bacteria by mesophilic fermentation, and odor when spraying immature liquid fertilizer. There is a problem.

Liquid fertilizer can be divided into general liquid fertilizer, horticultural liquid fertilizer and low concentration fertilizer liquid fertilizer. General liquid fertilizer is a high-quality liquid fertilizer that can be applied for manure of crops in spring and autumn.

Horticultural liquid fertilizers are mainly liquid fertilizers that can be used for plant crops. In the case of plant crops, there is no choice but to rely on fertilizers for chemical fertilizers without adequate fast-acting fertilizers. If there is a concern that various salt damage due to excessive fertilization, there is a problem that even the gas due to additional fermentation may occur. Therefore, there is a need for a high-quality liquid fertilizer that reduces salt accumulation and gas damage by the quality of fast-acting fertilizers and the removal of undecomposed organic matter.

The use of low concentration fertilizer liquid fertilizer, which can be used for turf, is not required yet, but the development is meaningful given that it may encounter difficulties due to the overproduction of liquid fertilizer and the limitation of the possible arable land. However, strict quality is required, which means that there must be no smell or foreign body with nutrients. Moreover, when used for foliar fertilization, the absorption mechanism of crops should be fully considered as a transfer material. These high quality liquid fertilizers can be used at any time and do not cause secondary pollution.

In Korean Patent No. 128249, "Fermental liquid fertilizer prepared from livestock excrement and its manufacturing method" relates to a method for producing a fermented liquid fertilizer from livestock manure mixed with manure and hardly decomposable organic matter, and to fermented liquid fertilizer prepared thereby Although the invention has been disclosed,

In the present invention, there is a problem that can not be presented until the method for producing a liquid fertilizer classified by use.

As a result of constant research in order to solve the above problems, the inventors have invented a method for producing liquid fertilizers used for different purposes such as general use, horticulture and low concentration cost by using one production line. The main object of the present invention is to provide a simplified manufacturing method of liquid fertilizer by random fermentation, which can prevent environmental pollution due to the discharge of liquid waste such as manure and waste water, and also prevent acidification of the soil due to chemical fertilizer.

In addition, the present invention is a step further to the simple storage liquid fertilizer method of organic waste, such as concentrated manure, to produce a liquid fertilizer using the characteristics of random microorganisms good growth in anaerobic and aerobic state, less odor and foreign body feeling, crop physiology It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a liquid fertilizer through the fermentation synthesis can be used as a variety of uses according to physiology to crops that can produce a liquid fertilizer of various quality according to.

In order to achieve the above object, the production method of the use-fit liquid fertilizer of the present invention consists of the following steps depending on the concentration and use.

Preparation of the high concentration general solution liquid fertilizer of the present invention comprises the steps of separating the livestock manure mixture through a filtration tank to flow into the sump tank; Separating the manure liquid introduced into the sump through a solid-liquid separation facility; Transferring the separated manure liquid to a microbial treatment tank through a transfer pumping tank and injecting anaerobic or arbitrary microorganisms into the slurry transferred to the microbial treatment tank; Stirring and fermentation of the slurry passed through the microbial treatment tank in a fermentation tank.

In addition, the medium-level horticulture liquid fertilizer is prepared by stirring the fermentation slurry in the fermenter after passing the slurry passed through the microorganism treatment tank, the fermentation in an arbitrary fermenter by introducing an optional microorganism into the liquid fertilizer passed through the fermenter.

In addition, the low concentration fertilizer liquid fertilizer is prepared by the step of fermenting in the optional fermentation tank by adding the optional microorganism, and further comprising the step of storing the liquid fertilizer passing through the optional fermentation tank in the stabilization tank.

Hereinafter will be described in detail by dividing the above-described method for producing a suitable liquid fertilizer for each step.

(1) Sump inflow stage

The process is a step of introducing the livestock manure mixture into the sump. The manure in the manure means the solids of the livestock, urine means liquid waste and washed sewage. It is preferable that the sump tank has a flow control function for equal treatment with the collection of the livestock manure which occurs daily.

The catchment tank is a tank having a function of adjusting the flow rate for the equal treatment of the livestock manure that occurs daily, and should have a capacity of more than the daily flow rate, and the residence time of the catch tank is preferably 1 hour 30 minutes to 2 hours.

(2) screen stage

The slurry introduced into the sump is screened through a raw water transfer pump and a solid-liquid separation facility to separate the manure. The order of the screen is preferably composed of a light flow screen step and a micro vibrating screen step.

The light flow type screen is a facility that functions as a sedimentation tank and a screen tank, and is installed to prevent clogging of a pump or damage to a machine by removing relatively large particles such as feed debris, pig hair, sand, and soil.

The fine vibrating screen is a facility that continuously separates solid and liquid manure discharged through the light-flow type screen using a fine screen to remove foreign matters and improve the quality of the liquid fertilizer.

The manure slurry is separated into a liquid and a solid through the screen, the separated manure liquid is transferred to a transfer pumping tank, and the separated manure solids are used as compost.

(3) Transfer pumping tank and microorganism treatment step

The manure liquid passing through the screen is transferred to a microbial treatment tank through a transfer pumping tank, and inoculated anaerobic or arbitrary microorganisms to the slurry introduced from the transfer pumping tank. The livestock manure solution transferred from the transfer pumping tank is stored as a general liquid fertilizer in a microbial treatment tank, preferably a liquid fertilizer storage tank. The residence time of the transfer pumping tank is 8 to 12 hours, the residence time in the microbial treatment tank is preferably 18 to 22 days. In this step, the precipitate by the microbial treatment may be introduced into the sump again and recycled from the sump step.

For soil management, effective utilization of organic matter, maintenance and enhancement of intelligence, anaerobic attraction of reducing hydrogen, ie hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulfide, which are harmful to plants, synthesizes useful substances for plants and provides oxygen to roots. Incomplete photosynthetic bacteria are preferred. In addition, reducing substances such as methane gas and hydrogen sulfide generated during decomposition of organic substances significantly inhibit the activity of nitrogen-synthesizing microorganisms. In this case, if there is a synthetic bacterium using a reducing substance such as photosynthetic Sche bacteria, oxygen deficiency does not occur, so that it not only fully exerts its capacity in an anaerobic environment but also has a large amount of nitrogen fixation.

At this time, the microorganism used is the genus Bacillus , Bacillus licheniformis ( Bacillus licheniformis ), Bacillus pumilus ( Bacillus pumilus ), Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis 2084), etc. Spore-like aerobic microorganisms are preferable.

Table 1. General characteristics of the genus Bacillus

Bacillus licheniformis 21 Bacillus licheniformis 842 Bacillus pumilus Bacillus subtilis 2084 Bacillus subtilis 923 growth Randomness Randomness Randomness Aerobic Aerobic pH range 5-10 5-10 6-10 4-10 4-10 Temperature 10-55 10-55 10-55 10-50 10-50 Flameproof (% NaCl) 12.5 12.5 7.5 10 10 Protase 11357 4410 39496 76290 204081 Amylase Slight 11323 Micro 61465 109392 Cellulase Micro 22633 84866 62679 63717 Lipase Weak weakness Moderate Strong Superior

(Unit of enzyme: International unit (I.U.) = amount of enzyme that can produce 1m mol for 1 minute)

By administering the microorganisms, it promotes the decomposition and purification of organic matter, inhibits the growth of anaerobic decay bacteria, and decomposes odor generating substances such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and amines to prevent the occurrence of odors in advance and grow soil microorganisms. It acts to promote.

(4) stirred fermentation step

As a storage facility for aging and fermenting the manure liquid passed through the microbial treatment tank is a step of producing a liquid fertilizer that can be generally used by being decomposed and stabilized by anaerobic microorganisms. Since liquid fertilization consists of decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms, temperature, humidity and air supply must be controlled in order for microorganisms to actively decompose. Since the microorganisms are killed at 60 ° C. or more and the efficiency of liquid fertilization is reduced, the temperature is preferably 35 to 60 ° C., and the fermentation period is preferably 5 to 6 weeks.

The stirred fermentation tank connected in series with the microbial treatment tank is properly mixed by agitation while the anaerobic microorganisms and the random microorganisms are acting to become a high-concentration liquid fertilizer that is generally available by long-term maturation. In this process, manure is a liquid fertilizer that has sustained odor reduction due to anaerobic and random microbial activity, micronization of solids, and microbialization of nutrients.

The liquid fertilizer completed at this stage is a high quality general purpose liquid fertilizer which can be sprayed for manure of crops in spring and autumn. General liquid fertilizer of the present invention is a stable liquid fertilizer having a rich content of organic matter and various inorganic matters and has a long-acting effect by soil activation by microorganisms as well as an attribute effect that is immediately utilized in the soil after spraying by the generation of corrosion.

(5) optional fermenter stage

It is an arbitrary fermentation tank with a sludge collector installed inside the manure liquid passed through the stirred fermentation tank to produce a medium concentration liquid fertilizer that can be used for horticulture by adjusting the composition of nutrients through aeration and agitation.

This fermenter stage is a storage facility that randomizes livestock manure transferred from a general liquid fertilizer tank. It removes malodorous ingredients by degassing by aeration stirrer and activates soil microorganisms, soaks nutrients, and activates soil. It is a step of producing liquid fertilizer rich in enzymes.

In addition, the optional fermenter consists of a dual tank with an aeration device of 0.1 m ³ / m ³ · min or more with intermittent aeration and a sludge collector capable of sedimentation separation. The inflowed manure solution is anoxic, aerobic, anaerobic, aerobic and anaerobic. The process is repeated, and the aeration intensity and time are controlled to produce a medium concentration of liquid fertilizer that can be fertilized for horticulture due to the further decomposition of organic matter and the growth of effective soil microorganisms such as photosynthetic microorganisms.

Nitrogen is decomposed and removed during the aeration process, in which the concentration of nitrogen is controlled. The sludge collected here is returned to the microbial treatment tank, in which the concentration of microorganisms is controlled and thus the concentration of phosphorus is controlled. The residence time in the preferred optional fermenter is 18-23 days.

This is because when the organic liquid fertilizer as described above is fertilized in the soil with high chemical oxygen demand (COD), it decomposes and damages the roots of crops because a large amount of oxygen is required, and thus the chemical oxygen demand must be sufficiently reduced. Such aeration is necessary to provide oxygen for the growth of microorganisms.

An arbitrary liquid fermentation method using an arbitrary microorganism is a suitable combination of a fermentation method using an aerobic microorganism and a fermentation method using an anaerobic microorganism. The random liquid fermentation method has many advantages such as the generation of liquid corrosion by sufficient decomposition of organic matter, elimination of odor in soil by the activity of anaerobic microorganisms, and the generation of nutrients that can be directly used in crops by containing various amino acids.

(6) stabilization tank stage

The supernatant that passed through the random fermentation tank is stored in the stabilization tank and contains many enzymes produced by the activity of microorganisms, which have an amino acid effect and are immediately absorbed by crops, and also have very low odors and foreign substances. Finished with as low a liquid fertilizer as possible. The preferred residence time in the stabilization tank stage is 18-23 days.

Low-concentration liquid fertilizer is a liquid fertilizer that requires strict quality such as containing nutrients and no smell or foreign matter. These high quality liquid fertilizers can be used at any time and do not cause secondary pollution.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on the following examples. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the following examples illustrate the invention and the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.

(Example 1)

100m manure mixture from pig kennel³Water collection tank equipped with a flow control pump and a water level control device (inflow: 120 m)³/ Day, residence time: about 1 hour 50 minutes, capacity: 6,000 × 11,000 × 3,600 = 237.6m³), And the flow screen (inflow quantity: 120m³/ Day, Facilities: STS 304 fine screen 2SET) about 14m of hardly degradable foreign substances such as feed dregs, pig hair, sand, soil, food dregs, etc.³Is sent to the compost to remove it, and again the fine vibration screen (inflow quantity: 100m³/ Day, additional facilities: STS 304 fine screen 4SET) not only removes foreign substances but also manure slurry about 3m³After the solid-liquid separation to send to the compost to remove it, the solid-liquid separated manure liquid transport pumping tank (inflow quantity: 96m³/ Day, Retention time: 10 hours, Capacity: 54m³, Auxiliary facilities: Microbial treatment tank (inflow quantity: 96m) while aeration / stirring through a transfer pump, a water level control device, and a transfer pipe³Dwelling time: about 20 days Capacity: 2,099m / day³, Auxiliary facilities: Transfer to PTO stirrer, sediment extraction valve, sludge withdrawal pump, microbial injector, and transfer to Bacillus licheniformisBacillus licheniformis) 1kg was put in aeration and stirring to make the manure liquid liquid fertilizer. Next, the manure liquid passed through the microbial treatment tank fermentation tank (inflow quantity: 96m³/ Day, capacity: 2,099m³, Retention time: About 41 days, Auxiliary facilities: 83m high general liquid fertilizer with high concentration by fermentation through PTO stirrer, sediment extraction valve, metering pump)³Was prepared.

(Example 2)

The same procedure as in Example 1 is performed until the process for preparing a general liquid fertilizer of high concentration. In addition to the last fermentation step of Example 1, 1kg Bacillus pumilus was added, aeration and aeration to degassing (inflow quantity: 96m ³ / day, capacity: 2,099m ³ , residence time: about 21 day facilities: was prepared in the PTO stirrer, a water unit width (diffuser), a settling tank, a sludge take-off pump, parcel facilities) liquid fertilizers for horticultural jungnong of randomness even by a general-purpose liquid fertilizer liquid biryohwa 84m ^3.

(Example 3)

The process of preparing a liquid horticultural fertilizer of medium concentration is the same as in Example 1 and Example 2. Following the last optional liquid fertilization step of Example 2, the stabilization tank for stabilizing the low-concentration liquid fertilizer transported by sedimentation in the horticulture liquid fertilizer tank and facilitate the export (inflow amount: 96m ³ / day, capacity: 2,099m ³ , retention time: 21 days, supplementary facilities: PTO stirrer, take-out valve), low concentration liquid fertilizer 80m ³ can be produced.

Experimental Example

The manure of Example 1 has the characteristics of urine sewage by the sewage separation in the case of conventional and scrap waveforms, in the case of the slurry type shows mixed properties. The fouling load according to adult urine production is shown in Table 2 below.

Table 2. Pollutant Load in Swine Urination (Unit: Concentration (mg / l), Load g / l Day)

Excretion Kg / day BOD Suspended solids N P density Load density Load density Load density Load Manure Mixing 1.0 60,000 114 220,000 418 10,000 19 7,000 13.3 3,5 5,000 18 4,500 16 5,000 18 400 1.4 5.4 24,000 130 80,000 430 6,800 37 2,700 14.7

In the case of storing the fertilizer manure liquid fertilizer through the liquid fertilizer manufacturing method of the present invention, the properties are as shown in Table 3 below, and the characteristics of the inflow shaft manure and about 20% can be adjusted as needed.

Table 3. Properties of the liquid fertilizer prepared by the method of Examples 1 to 3

Pollutant classification pH BOD Suspended solids Full-N Full-P Remarks Inflow concentration 6-9 24,000 80,000 6,800 2,700 Slurry Processing efficiency screen % Removal - 40 70 20 20 Solid composting Concentration (mg / l) 6-9 14,400 24,000 5,440 2,160 Fermenter (1,2) % Removal - 50 40 30 30 Example 1 High concentration general purpose Concentration (mg / l) 5.8-8.6 7,200 14,400 3,800 1,512 Random fermentation tank (3) % Removal - 50 60 60 50 Example 2 Concentration Horticulture Concentration (mg / l) 5.8-8.6 3,600 5,760 1,520 756 Stabilization tank (5) % Removal - 20 20 20 20 Example 3 Low Concentration Liquid Fertilizer Concentration (mg / l) 5.8-8.6 2,880 4,608 1,216 605

As described above, the present invention can reduce the environmental pollution due to the discharge of livestock waste by the production of organic liquid fertilizer by using an arbitrary fermentation using random microorganisms, and prevent the acidification of the soil because it is an organic liquid fertilizer, not a chemical fertilizer It is effective to increase the yield of crops.

In addition, the present invention uses the characteristics of the random microorganisms that are good in anaerobic and aerobic conditions, less odor and foreign body feeling, and can be used as a variety of uses according to physiology in crops capable of producing liquid fertilizers of various qualities according to the physiology of the crop. There is an excellent effect of producing liquid fertilizer through one simplified production line possible.

Claims (5)

Separating the livestock manure mixture through a filtration tank and introducing it into a sump tank; Separating the manure liquid introduced into the sump through a solid-liquid separation facility; Transferring the separated manure liquid to a microbial treatment tank through a transfer pumping tank, and adding anaerobic or arbitrary microorganisms to aerated liquid fertilizer by aeration and stirring; Method for producing a liquid fertilizer characterized in that it comprises the step of fermenting the liquid fertilizer passed through the microbial treatment tank in a fermentation tank. The liquid fertilizer of claim 1, further comprising the step of aging and fermenting the liquid fertilizer in the fermentation tank, further comprising the step of fermenting the optional microorganism into the liquid fertilizer passed through the fermentation tank in a fermentation tank. Way. The method according to claim 2, further comprising the step of fermenting the optional microorganisms in the optional fermentation tank, and then storing the liquid fertilizer passing through the optional fermentation tank in a stabilization tank. According to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the optional microorganism is Bacillus licheniformis ( Bacillus licheniformis ), Bacillus pumilus ( Bacillus pumilus ), Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis ) Manufacturing method. The method for producing liquid fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the separation of the manure liquid through the solid-liquid separation facility is carried out through a current screen and a micro vibrating screen.