JPH0891973A - Excrementitious matter-treating apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To improve a working efficiency of producing fertilizers and the treatment of draining by separating solid component from excrementitious matter of live stocks, subjecting the solid component to fermentation to decompose by microorganisms and treating the liquid component by filtration and digestively decomposing the filtrate by microorganisms. CONSTITUTION: Excrementitious matter of live stocks is treated by a solid-liquid separating apparatus 1 to obtain a liquid component B and a solid component A having about 80% of water. The solid component A is added with a drying agent such as coffee grounds having about 30% water content and the mixing ratio is adjusted to obtain the water content of 50-60%. The obtained mixture is inoculated with a microorganism such as high temperature bacterium or medium temperature bacterium and allowed to ferment for about 4-5 weeks to obtain a fertilizer. The liquid component B is introduced in a packed filter tank 3 packed with e.g. zeolite of 2-5mm in particle diameter. The filtrate is the primary treated liquid C in which e.g. SS is reduced. The primary treated liquid C is placed in a purification treatment tank 4 packed with small wooden pieces and air is intermittently introduced under stirring to digest and decompose the organic matter by microorganisms. BOD of the liquid is decreased, below several tens ppm and the secondary treated liquid D is obtained. The secondary treated liquid D is further subjected to an oxidative bactericidal decoloration treatment under the introduction of ozone gas from an ozone generator 5 to obtain the tertiary treated liquid E. The liquid E is recycled as waste water.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for treating livestock excrement, and more particularly to an apparatus for treating excrement of livestock in which fertilization of organic components in excrement and wastewater treatment are integrated.

[0002]

PRIOR ART AND PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION As regards the handling of excrement of livestock, it is a typical 3K work of so-called dirty, odorous and hard work performed in a work environment which is extremely unfavorable. Rather than positively considering the effective use of, let it soak into the ground,
Or, there were many cases of disposal such as diluting with water.

However, the amount of excrement excreted by livestock is, for example, about 40 kg of feces and about 20 kg of urine per day for each dairy cow, and the pollutant load is extremely large as shown in Table 1. Become. In recent years, discharge standards for wastewater have become increasingly strict due to environmental problems, and it is impossible under legal regulations to discharge manure from livestock shelters.

[0004]

[Table 1]

On the other hand, manure of livestock contains useful fertilizer components in a well-balanced manner as shown in Table 2, for example, and conventionally, these have been applied directly to farmland as fertilizers. However, manure is difficult to handle in its original form in terms of odor and workability, and its use is shunned at the present time when chemical fertilizers have spread, and has almost no commercial value other than private consumption.

[0006]

[Table 2]

Further, even if manure is applied to livestock manure as it is, various obstacles occur because organic matter contained in manure is easily decomposed by microorganisms in the soil very quickly. For example, livestock manure contains a large amount of nitrogen and is decomposed to cause excess ammonia nitrogen, which causes concentration defects in the roots of crops. Furthermore, since ammonia nitrogen is oxidized by bacteria into nitrite and nitrate nitrogen, it may be absorbed into feed crops and cause nitric acid poisoning when it is used as livestock feed or the like. Further, when oxidation progresses and oxygen in the soil is consumed and the soil is in an extremely reduced state, anaerobic bacteria act to generate organic acids and the like, which causes rooting of crops and inhibits growth. Therefore, in order to utilize the manure of livestock as a fertilizer, it is necessary to once make them into a fully-ripened compost form. Although the fertilizer component content of compost is lower than that of raw manure, it has many trace elements, the fertilizer effect is slow, and fertilizer damage is extremely small. However, it takes a lot of time and land to make fully-ripened compost.

On the other hand, urine of livestock has hardly been considered to be used as a fertilizer until now, and it has simply been infiltrated into the ground or released naturally, but both cause a significant pollution load,
Especially in terms of water pollution, it is a big environmental problem.
Further, when mixed manure is slurried as in a pig house, it is extremely difficult to handle it either as a fertilizer or as a waste liquid. Furthermore, in the domestic livestock industry, which is in a strict position in terms of location conditions, personnel costs, etc., there is a major operational constraint on the cost of manure disposal. Despite the fact that various treatment devices and methods for livestock excrement have been proposed in the past, they have hardly been put to practical use in the actual situation and treatment equipment of this type of treatment that is shunned in actual storage buildings. It is thought that this is because the cost that can be invested is not always fully understood.

The inventors of the present invention effectively perform such manure treatment of livestock and make full use of the effective fertilizer components, and at the same time, produce a large amount of wastewater at the same time as long as it does not adversely affect the surrounding environment. Experiments on livestock manure treatment equipment that can be treated, can save human labor as much as possible, and have relatively little equipment and operating costs,
As a result of repeated research, the present invention has been completed by developing a practically systematized device that can be put to practical use.

[0010]

[Means for Solving the Problems] The object of the present invention is an apparatus for solid-liquid separation of livestock excrement, and a fertilizer tank for solidifying the solid-liquid separated solid matter by fermentation and decomposition treatment by microorganisms. A packed filtration tank for filtering suspended solids in the solution by filtering the solid-liquid separated liquid, and the filtrate filtered by the filtration tank is treated by microbial digestion and decomposition to obtain a BOD of the filtrate. This is solved by a livestock excrement treatment device provided with a septic tank for reducing the water quality to a dischargeable water standard value or lower.

In the present invention, the excrement of livestock is first separated into a liquid content and a solid content having a water content of about 80% (corresponding to the water content of Hoe dung) by a solid-liquid separator, and the solid content is made into fertilizer. Fermentation / decomposition treatment by microorganisms in the tank to make fertilizer, and the liquid is passed through the filter tank to suspend the suspended suspension (S
S) is removed and introduced into the purification process.

[0012] For the solid content of which water content has been reduced by solid-liquid separation, preferably coffee grounds having a water content of about 30%,
A desiccant such as wood chips is mixed in a ratio such that the total water content is 50 to 65%, and inoculated with thermophilic bacterium, mesophilic bacterium or a mixture thereof cultivated under specific conditions, fermented and fertilized. To do. In this case, the treatment period of 8 to 12 months required for the conventional fermentation and ripening of compost is shortened to about 4 to 5 weeks in the present invention.

When the organic material is used as a fertilizer by microorganisms, the target quality-reduced organic fertilizer is obtained through complicated steps such as redox. That is, the organic fertilizer component is mineralized by complicatedly involving various conditions such as the type of microorganisms involved in the form of redox, growth conditions, nutrient sources, water, pH, temperature, presence or absence of oxygen, carbon ratio and the like. In the fermentation process, organic components are taken into new cells by the growth of microorganisms and are used as energy necessary for the growth, and by decomposition C
O ₂ and H ₂ O are generated. The microbial flora that contributes to degradation during fermentation varies with the fermentation process. For example, organic substances such as sugars, fats and proteins in the organic matter that are easily decomposed are decomposed by aerobic bacteria, and further become anaerobic conditions as the temperature rises and the cellulose is decomposed and finally the growth of lignin-degrading bacteria almost completes the conversion to organic fertilizer. The temperature of the slag is reduced and fertilization is achieved.

A large amount of SS and BOD is obtained by the solid-liquid separation.
Etc., and immediately treating this in a purification treatment tank to obtain a predetermined water quality reference value imposes a heavy load on the purification treatment process. Therefore, in the present invention, the SS and the like are greatly reduced by first passing the liquid component through the filling and filtering tank. Here, as the filter tank, for example, a packed filter tank filled with alumina, such as zeolite or colloidal soil (Kanuma soil), crushed silica-based porous natural mineral products, wood chips, and organic crushed products such as coffee meal, as a filter medium. Is preferably used.

Zeolites have the general formula Na _x Ca _y Al _{x + 2y}
A mineral represented by Si _{6- (x + 2y)} O ₇₉ · 24H ₂ O, which has a high cation exchange capacity and a large content of exchangeable bases. Therefore, by incorporating zeolite during the fertilization, the cation exchange capacity of the soil is increased, the fertilizer component retention capacity of the soil is increased, and the content of nutrients that are easily absorbed by plants is increased. Furthermore, since zeolite has a porous structure, it does not exhibit the swelling property like bentonite, so that the fertilizer component retention capacity of soil can be increased also in this respect. Further, it is possible to selectively remove NH ₄ ⁺ ions in wastewater by utilizing the selective ion exchange property of natural zeolite, but in the NH ₄ ⁺ exchange of zeolite, the particle size thereof greatly affects the exchange rate. In removing NH ₄ ⁺ , the smaller the particle size is, the better, but if it is too thin, the pressure loss of the filling tank will be large, so that there is a practical limit, and the particle size of about 2 to 5 m / m is preferable. SS in the liquid is reduced to about 1/10 by sprinkling the liquid after the solid-liquid separation into the zeolite-filled tank, and the BOD, CO
D and NH ₄ ⁺ are also greatly reduced.

Colloidal soil is a clay whose main component is silica-alumina gel, which belongs to allophenone, and is effective in adsorbing and removing SS having a positive charge on the surface of the particle and having a negative charge on the surface. Further, since the colloidal soil has a wider specific surface area due to the interaction of iron, which is the main component, as well as iron and other components, phosphate ions are adsorbed very well, leading to purification of the liquid to be treated. The coarsely crushed products of organic materials such as wood chips and coffee grounds are porous and have a large specific surface area (30 m ² / g for wood particles), and in addition to the removal of SS in the liquid to be treated, it is organic. Effectively adsorbs soluble components and odors,
It also contributes to digestion and decomposition by microorganisms.

The processing of the filling filtration tank progresses and SS, B
Since these organic components gradually accumulate in the filter layer as OD, COD, etc. are removed from the liquid, when the treatment efficiency is lowered to some extent, the filter layer in the filter tank, that is, the filter medium is recovered and used as such or It is preferable to mix with the solid content obtained by the solid-liquid separation to perform fermentation treatment with microorganisms and use it as an organic fertilizer or a soil conditioner.

The treated liquid treated in the packed filter tank still contains a considerable amount of SS, BOD, and COD, and the water quality standard value at which discharge or underground permeation is possible has not been reached up to this point.
Therefore, in the present invention, this treatment liquid is further passed through a purification treatment tank filled with a thin wooden layer to be purified by digestion and decomposition treatment by microorganisms.

The wood chips used in the present invention are made of cedar wood as a raw material, and have a cellulose content of 60 to 65% and a lignin content of 15 to 15.
25%, pentosan 10-15%, and water 11-16%, and the fine powder part was removed from the crushed raw wood raw material to have a particle size of substantially 0.2 mm to 5 mm and a specific surface area of 30 m.
A wood strip having a ratio of ² / g and a porosity of 70 to 80% is preferably used. The purification treatment tank filled with such wood chips is provided with a stirring means and an aeration means to intermittently aerate the mixture to completely digest and decompose organic components in wastewater by aerobic treatment and anaerobic treatment to obtain BOD of several tens. The content of the treatment medium is reduced to not more than ppm and the stirring medium eliminates clogging of the treatment medium.

The chromaticity of wastewater produced by treating livestock manure is often due to humic substances, and large humic substances with a molecular weight of 1000 or more produced by aerobic microbial treatment can also be removed with a flocculant. However, when the molecular weight is 100 or less, activated carbon adsorption treatment or ozone treatment is effective. The treatment by the activated carbon adsorption method is effective for the fulvic acids having a particularly small molecular weight, but when the humic substances having a large molecular weight are mainly used, the adsorption power is limited and the ozone treatment is more effective. The color development by the humic substance is caused by the double bond coexisting in the humic structure, and the decolorization by ozone is achieved by cleaving a part of this double bond. The treatment liquid having a reduced BOD and decolorized and sterilized as described above can be recycled and used as so-called tap water for self-cleaning water for livestock houses or the like, and water supply required for fertilization.

Therefore, according to the present invention, solid-liquid separation of manure slurries of domestic animals, which is difficult to process, facilitates fertilization of solid components, and the liquid components are treated in a filling and filtering tank to form SS, By preliminarily lowering the content of BOD and the like, the load on the septic tank during wastewater treatment is significantly reduced. In the purification treatment layer, organic matter is completely decomposed by the digestion / decomposition action of microorganisms using wood chips as a medium, and the BOD becomes sufficiently lower than the water quality standard value in wastewater, and the BOD can be reused.

The treatment apparatus of the present invention is particularly effective for the comprehensive treatment of a slurry-like manure and urine mixture which is difficult to fertilize and to treat wastewater as described above, but feces and human waste are separately treated. Needless to say, when they are recovered, they can be treated by directly introducing them into the fertilization tank and the filling filtration tank on the downstream side of the solid-liquid separator.

[0023]

EXAMPLES The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to Examples.

Example 1 (Swine manure treatment) (Fertilization process): The swine manure mixture was subjected to solid-liquid separation by the disk-type solid-liquid separator 1 of the manure processing apparatus shown in FIG. 1, and the obtained water content was 82%. To 1000 kg of solid content (pig dung) (A), 800 kg of coffee grounds having a water content of 35% was added as a drying agent, and 1.8 kg of mesophilic actinomycetes and general bacteria and 1.8 kg of original bacteria mixed with thermophilic actinomycetes and general bacteria were added. Mix and ferment in organic fertilizer 2 for 3 to 7 days
Reverse mixing was performed at day intervals. During this time, the water content is 50% to 6
Water was sprinkled as needed to maintain 5%, and fermentation organic fertilization was completed in 4 to 5 weeks. Table 3 shows the composition of the produced organic fertilizer.
"Pig manure I"

[0025]

[Table 3]

(Filling / filtering step): 100 liters of raw water (porcine urine) (B) separated from the solid content by the solid-liquid separation is put into a tank having a diameter of 80 cm and a height of 1000 cm for 2 to 5 mm.
Introduced into the packed filtration layer 3 of the processing apparatus shown in FIG. 1, which is made by packing 350 kg (500 liters) of crushed wood chips into 3
Water filtration was performed for a certain period of time. The composition of the obtained primary treatment liquid C is shown in Table 4.

[0027]

[Table 4]

(Purification treatment step): Next, as a secondary treatment, 100 liters of the above-mentioned primary treatment liquid C was charged into a tank having a diameter of 80 cm and a height of 2000 cm, and crushed to 0.5 to 5 mm with 700 kg (1000 liters) of wood chips. In the purification treatment tank 4, the secondary treatment liquid D was obtained. In this purification treatment step, the primary treatment liquid C was intermittently sprinkled through the water 12 times at intervals of about 8.5 liters / 15 minutes. The composition of the secondary treatment liquid D is shown in Table 4 above. After the water flow treatment, aeration treatment was performed from the lower part of the purification treatment tank 4 at a flow rate of 100 liter / min for 7 hours.

As a third treatment, the second treatment liquid D is used.
Ozone gas from the ozone generator 5 was injected into the container to perform oxidative decolorization treatment. The properties and composition of the obtained tertiary treatment liquid E are shown in Table 4 above.

(Filtration Material Fertilization Step): The wood particles used as the filter material in the filling and filtering tank 3 in the filling and filtering process are collected in the fertilizer tank 6 after a lapse of a predetermined number of treatment days, and the wood particles 350
500 kg of pig dung with a water content of 82% and 400 kg of coffee grounds with a water content of 35% are added to kg, and 1.3 kg of the original bacterium mixed with mesophilic actinomycetes, mesophilic general bacteria, thermophilic actinomycetes, and thermophilic general bacteria is added. Mixing and sedimentation fermentation for 3 to 7 days
Reverse mixing was performed at day intervals. 50% to 65% moisture
Sprinkle water if necessary to maintain the
The fermentation organic fertilizer was completed in a day. The composition of the produced organic fertilizer is shown in Table 3 as "porcine manure II".

Example 2 (cow manure treatment) (fertilization step): A solid product (cow manure) A having a water content of 85% was obtained by solid-liquid separation of the cow-pig manure mixture by the disc-type solid-liquid separator 1 (1000 kg). Is stored in the organic fertilizer tank 2, 800 kg of coffee grounds having a water content of 35% is added as a drying agent, and mesophilic actinomycetes, mesophilic general bacteria, thermophilic actinomycetes,
1.8 kg of the original bacterium mixed with thermophilic general bacteria was added and mixed to carry out sedimentation fermentation. During this period, the mixture was cut back and mixed at intervals of 3 to 7 days, and water was sprinkled as needed so that the water content was maintained at 50% to 65%, and the fermentation organic fertilization was completed in about 4 to 5 weeks. The composition of the produced organic fertilizer is shown in Table 3 as "cow manure I".

(Filling / filtering step): 100 liters of raw water B shown in Table 5 obtained by the solid-liquid separation had a diameter of 80
The above-mentioned packed filtration tank 3 obtained by packing 350 kg (500 liters) of wood chips crushed to a size of 0.5 to 5 mm into a tank having a height of 1000 cm was subjected to water filtration for 3 hours. 1
Table 5 shows the composition of the next treatment liquid C.

(Purification treatment step): Next, as a secondary treatment, 100 liters of the primary treatment liquid C was added to a diameter of 80 cm and height of 20.
Wood pieces 70 crushed to 0.5-5 mm in a 00 cm tank
It was introduced into the purification treatment tank 4 filled with 0 kg (1000 liters). In this purification treatment step, about 8.5 liters of the treatment liquid was intermittently passed through the water 12 times at intervals of 15 minutes. Table 5 shows the composition of the secondary treatment liquid D.
After the water flow treatment, aeration treatment was performed from the lower part of the filling at a flow rate of 10 liter / min.

Further, as a third treatment, ozone gas is injected from the ozone generator 5 into the second treatment liquid D to perform oxidative decolorization treatment,
Table 5 shows the property composition of the obtained tertiary treatment liquid E.

[0035]

[Table 5]

(Filtration Material Fertilization Step): Zeolite used as a filtering material in the filling filtration tank 3 in the purification treatment step is recovered in the fertilization tank 6 after a predetermined number of treatment days, and 500 kg of this zeolite has a cow content of 85% water content. 500kg and water content 3
Add 400 kg of 5% coffee grounds: mesophilic actinomycete: 1.0k of original bacterium mixed with mesophilic general bacterium and thermophilic actinomycete
g was added and mixed to carry out sedimentary fermentation, and cut back mixing was carried out at intervals of 3 to 7 days. During this period, water was sprinkled as needed to maintain the water content at 50% to 65%, and the fermented organic fertilizer was completed in 4 to 5 weeks. The composition of the produced organic fertilizer (soil conditioner) is shown in Table 3 as "cow manure II".

[0037]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY In the present invention, the excrement of livestock is treated by a comprehensive system combining fertilization treatment and wastewater treatment, and particularly, the mixed slurry of feces and urine is fractionated to fertilize solid matter and purify wastewater. Therefore, the work efficiency is extremely high. The solid matter can be filtered and completely fertilized under suitable fermentation conditions, including the residue of the filtration treatment, while the liquid content can be used as so-called tap water by a two-stage treatment that reduces the treatment load. Since it can be efficiently purified up to the value, each can be completely treated, and the excrement of livestock can be totally recycled for reuse.

Further, the fertilizer tank, the filling filter tank, the purification treatment tank and the like used in the present invention can be installed without requiring a large site or equipment cost, and the treatment process requires almost no human labor and is frequent. No maintenance is required.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a livestock excrement processing apparatus used in the present invention.

[Symbols in the figure]

 1 ... Disc-type solid-liquid separator 2 ... Fertilization tank (solid matter by solid-liquid separation) 3 ... Filling filtration tank 4 ... Purification treatment tank 5 ... Ozone generator 6 ... Fertilization tank (filtering material of filling filtration tank) A ... Manure separation solids B ... Manure separation liquids C ... Primary treatment liquid (filling filtration tank filtrate) D ... Secondary treatment liquid (purification treatment tank discharge liquid) E ... Tertiary treatment liquid (ozone decoloring liquid)

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Hiroshi Kato 3-12-11, Tsubakimori, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba (72) Inventor Kaoru Ichinomiya 3-5-12 Higashi-narashino, Narashino, Chiba No.206

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. An apparatus for solid-liquid separation of livestock manure, a fertilizer tank for solid-liquid separated solid content to be fertilized by fermentation and decomposition treatment by microorganisms, and filtration of the solid-liquid separated liquid content. And a filtration tank for filtering the suspended suspension in the liquid, and the filtrate filtered by the filtration tank is digested by microorganisms
An apparatus for treating excrement of livestock, comprising a septic tank which is treated by decomposition to reduce the BOD of the filtrate to a water quality standard value that can be discharged or less. 2. The livestock excrement treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the filtration tank has a packed filtration layer made of zeolite particles having a particle size of 2 to 5 mm. 3. The filtration layer and / or the purification treatment layer are made of cedar wood as a raw material, and comprise 60 to 65% cellulose and 15 lignin.
~ 25%, pentosan 10-15% and water 11-16%
And a fine powder portion is removed from the crushed raw wood raw material to have a particle size of substantially 0.2 mm to 5 mm and a specific surface area of 30
The livestock excrement treatment device according to claim 1, further comprising a wood strip layer having m ² / g and a porosity of 70 to 80%. 4. The livestock excrement treating apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a fertilization layer for fertilizing a used filtration layer in the filtration tank together with a filtration residue. 5. The livestock excrement treating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the purification treatment tank is provided with a decolorization tank for diffusing ozone into the treatment liquid to decolorize the treatment liquid.