KR20020045842A - Artificial soil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: An artificial bed soil containing a waste material of natural crops which is rich in fibrous material such as coconut husk, etc. and charcoal is provided. Whereby, it has excellent properties like this: water retention properties, air permeability and nutrient holding capacity of coconut husk and absorption properties of charcoal. CONSTITUTION: The artificial bed soil comprises: 70 to 90% by weight of coconut husk powder; 10 to 30% by weight of charcoal powder as a main component; and 1%(M/V) chitosan aqueous solution as a binder material. The coconut husk powder and charcoal powder have a particle size of 2mm or less.

Description

Functional artificial clay and its manufacturing method {ARTIFICIAL SOIL AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF}

The present invention relates to a functional artificial clay suitable for plant cultivation, and a method for producing the same, and more specifically, to artificial clay developed using waste and charcoal of a high-fiber natural crop such as coconut shell and a method for producing the same.

Green spaces are gradually disappearing around our daily lives due to westernized lifestyles and the promotion of living and urbanization. This isolation of the urban population from nature restricts human life, causing emotional shortages and psychological anxiety.

As a result, urban citizens have a desire to bring greenness closer to their surroundings, and interest in family horticulture is increasing day by day with the improvement of income level due to economic growth.

In particular, as the residential culture of modern people is settled into multi-generational forms such as apartments, urban horticulture that utilizes narrow spaces rather than rural gardening activities that require more than a certain area is developing.

However, when growing differentiated plants at home, the use of natural soil is not only heavy and can be a habitat for bacteria and pests, but rather has a high possibility of damaging the landscape. Therefore, there is an increasing need for research and development on artificial soils that are beneficial to plant growth, as well as easy to use and hygienic.

As a raw material of such artificial clay, a technique using a coconut shell has been introduced. Coco chips obtained by crushing coconut shells (cocochip) have excellent absorption, water retention, porosity, etc., and can be used as organic fertilizers, so there is less concern about environmental pollution.

Such Among the conventional techniques using coconut shells, crushed coconut pitch (cocopitch) including coconut powder, and coconut charcoal powder made with flour and description of the plant youngyangto composition made by the addition of other materials of a leaf, etc. here (Republic of Korea (Patent No. 99-66383), a mat for plant cultivation using a coconut fiber (Korea Patent Publication No. 98-87795), which makes it easy to grow plants on a concrete roof or a home, and can also be used as a finishing material for building bricks, panels, or ondol. Ocher composition using a coconut fiber (Korean Patent Publication No. 98-87796) has been published.

This prior art focuses on the aspects of recycling coconut shells that are discarded as waste and used for various applications, and in particular, in the case of the above-mentioned Patent Publication No. 99-66383 regarding phytotrophic composition, It aims to improve the effectiveness and emphasizes the benefits of nourishing plant cultivation, poor soils and aging soils in poor weather conditions.

However, the development of excellent artificial clay using coconut shells is still insufficient. In particular, no method has been introduced to prevent crop damage caused by microorganisms and pests that occur frequently in natural soils and to significantly improve the growth of crops.

Applicant adds charcoal together with coconut shell in solving the disadvantages of the natural soil as described above, that is, habitat for bacteria and pests to solve problems that are not good for plant growth, and at the same time provide excellent breathability and drainage and moisture retention. When used as a discovery that the remarkable effect on the plant growth has been completed based on the present invention.

Coconut is a fruit belonging to the palm family. Coconut shells of the ocean except the nuclei of these coconuts are generated as waste in the Pacific and Sri Lankan archipelagos of the southern Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean where coconuts are produced.

Coconut shell is mainly composed of lignin and cellulose, and in fact, most of the 95-99% of the organic material is composed of organic material and also has excellent breathability due to the porous structure. In addition, coconut shells are very water-retaining and absorbent, have a water retention of 15-30%, and absorb water of 5-9 times their own weight. Since they contain a large amount of hardly degradable lignin, they are close to inert substances. As a result, some are using coconut husks as a base material for horticulture of organic fertilizers or for horticultural soils.

On the other hand, charcoal has been widely used for food and farming due to its excellent detoxification and deodorization. Charcoal has a porous structure with numerous pores inside, and the total inside area of the pores reaches about 90 pyeong (300m ² ) per 1g. This porous structure has a strong adsorption power to remove toxins and foreign matter, and has an excellent effect on the removal of moisture and odor. Charcoal also consists of 80% carbon and 20% minerals, the main components of which are calcium (about 40%) and potassium (about 20%). Therefore, when charcoal is used as a top soil, it can supply nutrients to plant growth and also have an alkalinity, thereby controlling the acidity of the surroundings. Charcoal is also well-balanced with the right amount of iron or manganese.

In addition, charcoal collects negative ions in the air by the movement of the magnetic field and discharges them again to purify the air. In general, when the microorganism propagates severely, the cations in the atmosphere increase due to the gas generated from the microorganisms, and char is neutralizing these cations to clear the air.

Therefore, when used in combination with coconut shells in the development of artificial clays, it is expected to play a role of excellent plant culture soil by supplementing the limitations of using only coconut shells with the advantages of charcoal.

1 shows a graph of the blending ratio of coconut shell powder to charcoal powder vs. plant germination (%),

Figure 2 shows a graph of the compounding ratio vs. plant ground (extended) length,

Figure 3 shows a graph of the compounding ratio vs. plant basement (root) length.

Functional artificial clay of the present invention suitable for the above object is composed of a medium prepared by pulverizing coconut shell and charcoal finely with a grinder and uniformly mixed at a predetermined relative ratio.

The medium made of a mixture of coconut shell and charcoal prepared as described above has a disadvantage in that it is inconvenient to use for artificial clay as a powder form. Therefore, in order to compensate for these drawbacks, a caking additive is added to prepare particulate artificial clay of various sizes.

More specifically, in order to prepare particulate artificial clay, a binder is added to increase the viscosity of the material and the hardness when drying. Generally, organic binders include chitosan and starch, and inorganic binders include zeolites and zeolites. Bentonite is used. The amount and the concentration of the caking agent are sufficient to be suitable for producing particulate artificial clay, and there is no particular limitation.

In the case of the present invention, a chitosan aqueous solution having a concentration of 1% (M / V) (that is, 1 g of chitosan per 100 ml of the total volume of the aqueous solution) was added, and it was made particulate by applying a pressure of 200 kgf / cm ² or more.

More specifically, the artificial clay medium of the present invention is composed of 70% to 90% coconut shell powder and 10 to 30% charcoal powder based on the volume, and is equipped with a mechanical grinding method, in particular, a sieve having a diameter of 2.0 mm mesh. It is made into powder form using a grinder (cutting mill).

The artificial soil medium prepared as described above was used for the cultivation of plants as experimental purposes, and the function and effect were investigated. This will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples and drawings.

Example 1 Efficacy Test of Artificial Clay Medium

As a target plant, Mary Gold 'Yellow Boy' was prepared.

Sowing two seeds of marigold 'yellowboy' in five pots and cultivation for one month to compare the effect of the present invention on the marigold according to the composition ratio of the medium. Topsoil was prepared in the mixing ratio as shown in Table 1. The germination rate of plants, the growth of above-ground and underground parts, and the change of acidity (pH) according to the composition ratio of top soil were investigated. The results are as shown in FIGS.

Table 1

Blending ratio (volume / volume) of artificial clay media components for marigold cultivation experiment

number Coconut Shell Powder Charcoal powder One 10 0 2 9 One 3 8 2 4 7 3 5 6 4 6 5 5

TABLE 2

Physical and Chemical Properties of Coconut Shell Powder and Charcoal Powder

Water volume (%, g / g) Water evaporation rate (g / cm ² ) PH (pH) Coconut Shell Powder 931 0.68 5.83 Charcoal powder 259 0.79 10.04

TABLE 3

Acidity change according to the ingredient ratio

number Compounding ratio (volume / volume) (coconut shell / charcoal) PH (pH) One 10: 0 5.82 2 9: 1 7.17 3 8: 2 7.79 4 7: 3 8.03 5 6: 4 8.47 6 5: 5 8.90

As shown in the table above, coconut shell powder shows acidity, while charcoal shows strong alkalinity. 1 shows a graph of the sample number versus plant germination rate (%), it can be confirmed that the germination rate of 2 to 4 times is good. In addition, FIG. 2 shows a graph of the sample number versus the length of the plant ground (extended), and FIG. 3 shows a graph of the sample number versus the length of the plant underground (root).

Referring to the figure 2, that is, when the ratio of the coconut shell powder to the charcoal powder 2 times 9: 1 was the best, while the increase in the proportion of charcoal more than 30% it can be observed that the germination rate and growth decreases. In addition, the use of coconut shell powder alone showed low germination rate and growth deterioration, which is presumably due to its high acidity and less nutrient content than charcoal mixture.

As a result, it is expected that the artificial clay medium suitable for growth in the case of marigold is composed of 70-90% coconut shell powder and 10-30% charcoal powder.

Example 2 Manufacturing Method of Artificial Clay

Make coconut shell and charcoal into finely ground powder. The grinding treatment is carried out using a mechanical grinding method, preferably using a cutting mill equipped with a 2.0 mm mesh size sieve. Thereafter, 70-90% of the coconut shell powder and 10-30% of the charcoal powder are uniformly mixed based on the total volume. The mixture thus prepared is used as a medium for artificial clay. A caking additive is added to formulate into artificial clay suitable for use in plant cultivation. As the caking agent, organic materials chitosan and starch, inorganic materials zeolite and bentonite can be used, but in this experiment, a 1% (M / V) concentration of chitosan solution (ie, 1 g of chitosan per 100 ml of the total volume of the aqueous solution) is added. And by applying a pressure of 200kgf / cm ² or more granular artificial clay. At this time, the particle size of artificial clay is in the range of 0.1 to 1.5cm in diameter and the content of aqueous chitosan solution is in the range of 25 to 30% by weight of the medium.

Artificial clay medium of the present invention made of a suitable composition of coconut shells and charcoal as described above is beneficial to plant cultivation by having both the water retention of the coconut shell, air permeability and nutrient retention capacity and air purifying power according to the adsorption function of bacteria and smell of charcoal. It can be formulated into artificial clay. Therefore, it is possible to solve the problems caused by bacterial growth of the existing top soil used in home horticulture and to manufacture and supply the top soil without the hassle of disinfection at low cost.

Claims (4)

In artificial clay media effective for plant growth using coconut shells and charcoal, artificial clay media comprising 70 to 90% coconut shell powder and 10 to 30% charcoal powder based on the total volume of the medium . The method of claim 1, The coconut shell powder and the charcoal powder is artificial clay medium, characterized in that the powder form of a particle diameter of less than 2mm milled by a mechanical grinding method. The method of claim 1, A medium for artificial clay, characterized in that consisting of 90% coconut shell powder and 10% charcoal powder based on the total volume of the medium. In artificial clays effective for plant growth, the medium obtained by mixing 70-90% coconut shell powder and 10-30% charcoal powder by volume is based on 1% (M / V) as caking additive. The artificial clay, characterized in that the addition of a chitosan solution in a concentration of 200kgf / cm ² or more and the content of the chitosan solution is 25-30% by weight of the medium to form a particle having a particle size of 0.1 to 1.5cm.