KR20010108354A - Spinneret - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a spinneret for producing fibre filaments. The spinneret is provided with at least one nozzle opening for the delivery of the spin dope. At least one nozzle opening is provided with a finite length (S). A tubular inset is inserted into each nozzle opening in such a way that said inset can be removed therefrom. The spin dope is guided through the inset to the exterior. The tubular inset can be designed as a crown tube.

Description

Spinnerets {SPINNERET}

The spinneret acts in the manner of an expansion valve in which the spinning fluid flows outwardly, such as a pressure drop. The cooling resulting from the spinning solution release causes the first skin in the spinning solution to be released and consequently the formation of such filaments. This process can be accelerated by additional cooling, drying or UV exposure.

The state of the spinning nozzle of the present technology is a solid material such as steel, ceramic, precious metal, or plastic. For example, a spinning nozzle of a deep-drawn perforated plate of precious metal is standard. The cloth tool acts as a nozzle orifice for the discharge of the spinning liquid. However, the spinneret has the disadvantage that it is easily clogged and it is a complicated process to clean it. In addition, even if only a small part of the nozzle orifice is damaged, for example, by corrosion, the entire spinneret can not work and must be replaced.

DE-GM 1 977 091 describes a spinning nozzle with a surface plate with progressively drilled holes. A solid insert having at least one through-hole is inserted into the drilled hole. The insert is firmly coupled to the drilled hole by the sealing mixture. If the insert is to be removed, the spinneret is heated until the sealant mixture has melted and the insert can be removed.

The present invention relates to a spinning nozzle for the production of fiber filaments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 shows a tubular insert,

Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of a lumen-forming pin with a cover cap,

3 is a cross-sectional view of a filament lumen-forming pin,

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view through a stabilization layer having an inserted tubular insert,

5 to 8 are various cross-sectional views through the stabilizing layer of the spinning nozzle claimed for the present invention,

Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view through another embodiment of the stabilizing layer of the spinning nozzle claimed for the present invention,

10 is a cross-sectional view through a pressure pipe of another embodiment of a spinning nozzle, and

11A to 11C are longitudinal sectional views through a pressure pipe of the spinning nozzle claimed for the present invention.

It is an object of the present invention to eliminate the disadvantages of the state of the art, to enable the spinning nozzle to be easily cleaned, and to have a long service life.

This object is claimed for the present invention which is achieved by means of a spinneret as characterized in claim 1. The spinning nozzle claimed for the present invention for the production of fiber filaments has a defined length 1 and a tubular insert which guides the spinning fluid out and is removably inserted into the respective nozzle orifice, At least one nozzle orifice for the nozzle. The tubular insert is somewhat circular in cross-section and preferably narrows towards its forward end.

As the fiber filament is spun, the spinning liquid is guided in the tubular insert until it is released under compressive stress. If the tubular insert extends somewhat over the entire length S of the nozzle orifice, the spinning liquid does not contact the nozzle orifice itself but merely contacts the tubular insert or tubular inserts. The latter is inserted into the nozzle orifices or orifices so as to be removable, so that the spinneret can be simply cleaned by removing the contained insert and cleaning it. If the individual insert is clogged with a material that can not be worn or removed, only the included insert needs to be replaced, thus extending the functional life of the entire spinneret.

The tubular insert, whose inner diameter determines the outer diameter of the fiber filament, is preferably made of sapphire, tantalum, an element of group 8, tungsten, ceramic, natural stone, or plastic.

The tubular insert of each nozzle orifice is preferably in the form of a " crown-shaped pipe ". The term " crown-shaped pipe " is used to denote a tubular insert provided with protrusions or collar at one end. The insert is secured inside the nozzle orifice by this collar or crown portion. For this purpose, the collar or crown portion is located on the pressure side of the spinning nozzle, i.e. on the side where the spinning liquid flows into the tubular insert. The crown-shaped pipe is designed so that when the pipe is inserted into the spinneret, the crown portion is coplanar with the pressure-side surface of the spinneret.

The tubular insert is inserted directly into the outer tube or outer sleeve, rather than directly into the nozzle orifice, which sleeve can be inserted sequentially into the nozzle orifice. The sleeve or outer pipe may be in the form of a crown-shaped pipe having a crown part or a projection at one end or both ends. The sleeve may be rigidly coupled to the nozzle orifice, for example, by expansion in the form of a hollow rivet combination. If the spinneret consists of several layers in sandwich form, one on the other, this robust outer tube can simultaneously ensure bonding or bonding of the individual layers. However, it is also possible to insert the sleeve so as to be removable by the nozzle orifice.

The spinning nozzle claimed for the present invention can be used to produce both solid and hollow fiber filaments and multi-elements, particularly double-elements, filaments. For the production of hollow fibers, a pin, a so-called filament lumen former, is inserted and secured in the tubular insert so that it can be removed and, if necessary, replaced. One possible embodiment of the filament lumen former is shown below with reference to the drawings. Similarly, another tubular insert is inserted first to form two parallel fibrous layers for the production of a multi-element fiber layer. The material described above in connection with the first tubular insert is also suitable for the insert.

The spinning nozzle claimed for the present invention may comprise a suction pipe (E) for spinning liquid and a pressure pipe having a nozzle orifice or several nozzle orifices, all located somewhat on the pressure pipe side. This pressure pipe fully replaces the conventional conventional radiating head. The spinning solution is introduced from a spinning solution supply source, which is preferably a radially or axially extending inlet, and is guided to the pipe end. In practice, several nozzle openings in the form of radial cloth tools are provided for the release of the fiber filaments, preferably at the lower end of the pipe. In this way, spinning is maintained by gravity. The axis of the pipe extends horizontally in this process. Therefore, the spinning liquid is optionally guided horizontally along the pipe which may have outlet A at the inlet E of the opposite pipe end. In this case, it is possible to repeatedly guide the spinning liquid through the pressure pipe in each case, in which only a part of the spinning liquid is discharged through the nozzle orifice element and the remaining part is returned to the spinning liquid transfer element. A more desirable flow characteristic than that of the state of the art occurs as a result of the horizontal behavior of the spinning liquid inside the pressure pipe so that the spinning liquid is pressed downwardly onto the nozzle plate. In addition, the pressure pipe has the same wall thickness and material as the comparable horizontal nozzle plate, and withstands the higher radial fluid pressure.

In one embodiment, the pressure pipe is an Archimedes spiral, in which the inlet E is located at the inner or outer end of the pressure pipe and the nozzle orifice on the lower end of the pressure pipe is helical. Therefore, a space saving design can be formed in particular.

For the production of hollow-fiber filaments, dual-element or multi-element fibers, the spinneret is characterized in that each pressure pipe adjacent to the upper pressure pipe has at least one upper connection orifice and the quantity and axial arrangement of the connection orifices of the pressure pipe Corresponding to the number and arrangement of the nozzle orifices of the upper pressure pipe and wherein the outer diameter (d _a ) of each nozzle orifice of the upper pressure pipe is approximately equal to the inner diameter (d _i ) of the corresponding connecting orifice of the lower pressure pipe Pipes. Various pressure pipes may be removably connected to each other because they are inserted into each other by the upper connection orifice of the lower pipe and the nozzle orifice of the upper pipe concerned. However, it is also possible that the pressure pipe nozzle orifices are sealed after being inserted into each other and, if desired, then sintered or retracted toward each other.

The volume of the spinning liquid can be easily adjusted due to the desired flow characteristics in the pressure pipe.

In another embodiment, the spinneret may have a pressure plate in which at least one nozzle orifice extends completely through the thickness d of the pressure plate. As with the pressure pipe of the first embodiment of the present invention, the pressure plate may be made of a material selected from the group consisting of sapphire, tantalum, a Group 8 material, tungsten, ceramic, natural stone, especially granite, or plastic, especially PEEK or Victrex polymer Lt; / RTI > The material is selected on the basis of a material that is somewhat spun. Thus, while tantalum or sapphire is preferred as spinner nozzle material for spinning ceramic and metal melts, it is preferred that the natural stone is used for spinning sol-gel or polymer. Moreover, the tantalum spinning nozzle has the advantage that the nozzle can be connected to the power supply for heating, in which case the resistive load is of course intervened.

The pressure pipe or pressure plate is preferably provided with a stabilizing layer consisting of a material having a shape such as a honeycomb or corrugated cardboard, wherein at least one nozzle orifice of the pressure plate or bottom pressure pipe and the associated tubular insert extend through the thickness of the stabilizing layer do. The stabilizing layer extends horizontally below the pressure plate or bottom pressure pipe. The stabilizing layer preferably consists of a strip of the finest metal strip, tantalum, a Group 8 material, steel, or a strip of ceramic foil or sheet of paper. If appropriate material is selected for the stabilizing layer, heat exchange with the nozzle pressure plate is improved, as a result of protection provided, if applicable, against radial fluid overheating, such as frequently occurring with a heated radiant head.

A honeycomb or corrugated plate is arranged so that the honeycomb-shaped axis extends somewhat vertically and thus provides the appearance of a sinusoidal structure when viewed from above. This structure is rigidly coupled to the pressure plate or pressure pipe; Optionally, a layer of ceramic foil or natural stone, metal plate, or prepreg (pre-impregnated metal) is applied to one or both sides of the stabilizing layer. The coating portion of the stabilizing layer improves the treatment properties of the coating, and the sol-gel is spun at room temperature, so that the use of the heat-resistant material becomes excessive, so that the prepreg is particularly preferable as a coating relating to spinning of the sol-gel. Of course, the nozzle orifices extend through all the layers of the composite structure formed as described above.

In particular, with respect to the use of a pressure plate for spinning nozzles, this stabilizing layer imparts a high bending strength and a high compressive strength to the nozzle; It makes it possible to design a relatively thin pressure plate at the same time. This makes it possible for the spinning nozzle to be designed to be light in weight despite the large compressive strength.

The individual layers may be bonded together, for example, by conventional bonding.

The at least one nozzle orifice preferably has a diameter of 2 to 200 micrometers, and in particular 2 to 10 micrometers. Such a small nozzle orifice can be manufactured with precision by micropunching using a laser.

Flow measurements in individual nozzles can be performed on individual tubular inserts by sensitive measurements such as sonar holography measurements. The target spinning fluid flow measurement can be performed in this manner.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention is hereinafter described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 shows a basic arrangement of a tubular insert 1 of an embodiment of the present invention in longitudinal section. Here, the spinning nozzle has a pressure-side pressure plate 2, a stabilizing layer 3 at the lower part, and an additional coating part 4 at the low-pressure side. The coating portion 4 may be provided by, for example, a prepreg layer. The appearance ratio of the pressure pipe 2 and the thickness d of the additional layer 4 is recognized as infinity. The pressure layer 2 is generally thicker than the additional layer 4, which provides somewhat easier sealing and ease of handling of the entire sandwich structure. As already posted, the stabilizing layer may be a honeycomb or corrugated material; The sinusoidal structure of the corrugated cardboard is provided in Fig. Indeed, the corrugated cardboard structure is arranged so that the sinusoidal structure is visible when viewed from above, rather than a longitudinal profile as provided herein. The pressure side of the pressure plate may be configured for improved behavior of rigidity and radial fluid guidance, preferably in a corrugated (not shown) structure, wherein the structure comprises a cross-bead and are joined by a cross-bead.

The tubular insert (1) extends somewhat over the entire length (S) of the nozzle. On the pressure side it has a crown-shaped projection, which is then held in the nozzle orifice. The tubular insert may be circular or polygonal in cross-section. In this embodiment, the tubular insert 1 is inserted into the second insert or sleeve 5. The inner surface shape of the sleeve 5 preferably corresponds to that of the outer surface of the tubular insert 1, so that the two surfaces are firmly fitted with respect to each other. In the illustrated state, the sleeve 5 is provided with a lower collar which can be inserted into the nozzle orifice of the combined layer. The sleeve 5 may be secured to the combined layer by means of a hollow rivet combination, as a result of which coalescence of the layer combinations is ensured simultaneously.

The overall length H, which is longer than the nozzle length S, is the result for the two inserts, since the two protrusions or collar of the insert 1 and the sleeve 5 extend beyond the length S of the nozzle orifice. Reference letter J indicates the height of the spinning liquid fill chamber in the nozzle.

Figure 2 shows the filament lumen forming body 6 required for the production of hollow fibers. In the lumen-forming body, the central portion 6a is in the form of a polygonal fin, in this case being a triangular pin, while the upper portion 6b is composed of, for example, a pin in the form of a cylinder. The polygonal shape of the central portion 6a of the filament forming body provides a use for fixing the pin to the tubular insert 1. [ In this case, the filament forming body 6 comes into contact with the insert 1 at three points if it is inserted into the insert 1. The filament forming body 6 forms a taper toward the lower end 6c of the lower portion 6c in the shape of a cylinder.

The tubular insert 1 (Figure 1) has at its lower end a tail which narrows in correspondence to the narrowing of the associated lumen forming pin 6. The narrowed tail is similar in shape to the twist drill used for the bottoming tap. If the filament lumen forming body 6 is inserted into the tubular insert, the lower end 6c of the pin 6 extends beyond the narrowed tail of the tubular insert by a height x, as shown in Fig. The central portion 6a and the lower portion 6c extend together beyond the total height H of the two inserts, including the height J of the collar or projection and the radial filling space. Thus, the spinning liquid passes from the filled space to the circular part (three circular parts in this case) and is released between the insert 1 and the lumen forming pin 6.

For the purpose of producing dual-element fibers, the lumen former 6 may be provided with an axial lumen 7 having a diameter preferably from about 3 micrometers to about 100 micrometers. The spinning liquid for the second component of the dual-component fibers can be guided through this axial lumen. The two components then flow together into a tapered free space (x). The lumen of the filament forming body 6, which is preferably located on the geometric longitudinal axis, can be produced, for example, by a spraying process, and the micro hollow fibers, which are the lumens of the filament forming body 6 by the lumen, Lt; / RTI >

The filament forming body 6 may be provided with a cover cap 8 detachably mounted on the filament forming body 6 on the filling space height J. [ The cover cap 8 serves the purpose of reducing the so-called dead volume in the spinning head. The cover cap 8 preferably has a polygonal base surface in cross section, and the inner concave portion is circular in cross section, so that the cap is fitted to the cylinder portion 6b of the filament lumen-forming body. The cover cap has a height indicated by Z in the figure.

If the filament forming body is provided with a lumen 7 for guiding the spinning liquid, the associated cover cap 8 also has a lumen that is concentric with the lumen 7.

A section of the filament lumen forming body 6 with the cover cap 8 located on the forming body is shown in Fig. The selected size (G) for the space of the cover cap and nozzle orifice is such that when all the cover caps are positioned on the filament lumen forming body, the top of the cover cap forms a sealed surface in contact with the adjacent cover.

Figure 4 provides a cross-sectional view through the reinforcing layer 3, wherein the reinforcing layer cross-section shown here is in the form of a honeycomb.

Figs. 5-8 show cross-sectional views through the reinforcing layer, as shown in Fig. 4, but with an enlarged cross-section over the entire spinning nozzle. As can be seen from these figures, in this case, the cross section of the spinning nozzle is defined by the frame 9, which is somewhat circular and in the form of an angular frame. The frame 9 is preferably made of the same material as the pressure plate 1 of the spinneret. The angular frame may have a Z-shaped profile and a circular or polygonal cross-section. The inner edge can form an edge support on the layer structure. The reinforcing plate or whole layer structure shown in Fig. 1 can be fitted in the angular frame 9 and can be combined with or expanded with the latter, for example by casting, welding or gluing.

As shown in the longitudinal section, the angular frame preferably extends on both sides above the height H of FIG. Particularly preferably, the angular frame is projected beyond the height Z of the cover cap 6, if the nozzle is provided with a cover cap 8 for the fiber lumen forming body 6, do.

9 shows another embodiment of the stabilizing layer 3 as a cross-sectional view. The honeycomb structure shown in Figs. 4-8 imparts enhanced bending resistance and compressive strength to the stabilizing layer, and is replaced by a corrugated cardboard structure wound to form an Archimedes spiral in this case. This type of stabilizing layer 3 can be fitted into the angular frame 9 as described above.

The accuracy of the sine wave or honeycomb shape can be selected as required, and the higher the bending resistance and compressive strength of the stabilizing layer, the more excellent is the honeycomb or sine wave structure. For example, the measuring points for temperature, pressure or flow measurements for the spinning solution can be adjusted to a honeycomb or cardboard structure. This makes it possible to monitor the relevance individually in each nozzle orifice.

The pressure plate 1 (and optionally the additional layer 4) located on the stabilizing layer 3 is such that in the case of a honeycomb stabilizing layer the inserts 1 and 5 extend from the center through the honeycomb shape, The honeycomb shape of the insert 1 is perforated in such a manner as to include only one insert 1 as shown in Figs. The approximate center position of the insert 1 is also provided in the case of the corrugated cardboard structure shown in Fig.

Figure 10 provides a top view of another embodiment of a spinning nozzle claimed for the present invention. The spinning nozzle consists of a pressure pipe wound in this case to form an Archimedes spiral in Fig. This makes it possible to accommodate long pipe lengths in small spaces. However, as another method, it is also possible to use a straight pipe having both the inlet (E) and the outlet (A) at which the spinning liquid flows into or passes through the pressure pipe.

All nozzle orifices (not shown in Fig. 10) are mounted at the bottom of the pressure pipe.

A cross-sectional view through the pressure pipe 10 is shown in FIG. These pressure pipes are suitable for spinning solid-fiber filaments. In this case, the pipe has a cloth tool necking of height t such that the overall length S of the nozzle orifice is added to the height t by the thickness of the pipe. A tubular insert, which defines the outer diameter of the solid fiber being spun, is inserted into the nozzle orifice. It is also possible that a stabilizing layer 3, which is arbitrarily published with reference to FIG. 1, together with additional coating part 4, is added on the side of the spinneret outlet. In this case, the nozzle orifice extends through this layer as well as in the case shown in Fig.

The pressure pipe 10 shown in Fig. 11A may form a top or bottom layer in a stack of two or more pressure pipes, one on the other. Actually, the upper pipe 10 is then stacked on one of the pressure pipes shown in Figs. 11A and 11C. The pressure pipe shown in Figs. 11B and 11C is characterized in that its upper connecting orifice forms a recess downward once, as in the case shown in Fig. 11B, It differs only in the point of protrusion. The outer diameter d _a of the upper pipe 10 is adjusted to the inner diameter d _i of the lower pipe so that the cloth tool neck can be inserted into each other. That is, _a d of the nozzle orifice of the upper pipe is substantially the same as the connection orifice d _i of the lower pipe.

If a hollow fiber is to be produced, the gas can be guided through the upper pipe 10 or the spinning liquid for the second component of the dual-element fibers can be guided through this pipe. The insert 1 and the filament lumen forming pin 6, similar to each other and as disclosed in connection with Figures 1 and 2, can be used as required for the nozzle orifice.

The height z shown in Fig. 11C represents the height of the cylinder portion of the filament lumen forming body to be inserted, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Fig. In Fig. 11C, the pressure pipe is shown positioned on the composite layer structure already published with reference to Fig. Indeed, the pressure pipe is filled over its entire inboard height J. The height J ₀ represents the height of the filling chamber below the protrusion of the upper connection orifice.

Claims (11)

And at least one nozzle orifice for the discharge of the spinning liquid, said spinning nozzle for the production of a filament filament, Characterized in that the at least one nozzle orifice has a tubular insert (1) in which a finite length (S) and the spinning liquid are releasably inserted into respective nozzle orifices guided outwards. The spinnerette of claim 1, wherein the removable tubular insert of each nozzle orifice is in the form of a collar. 3. A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spinneret has a suction pipe (E) for the spinneret and also a pressure pipe having a nozzle orifice or a plurality of nozzle orifices which are located somewhat on the same side of the pressure pipe And the radial nozzle. 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the pressure pipe (10) is an Archimedes spiral type in which the inlet (E) is located at the inner or outer end of the pressure pipe and the nozzle orifice is located at the lower end of the pressure pipe spiral Features a spinning nozzle. 5. A spinning nozzle according to any one of claims 3 to 4, wherein the pressure pipe also has an outlet (A) at one of the two ends of the pressure pipe. 6. A method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the spinning nozzles are stacked one on the other in the radial direction, all the pressure pipes adjacent to the upper pressure pipe have at least one upper connecting orifice, Wherein the quantity and axial arrangement of the connecting orifices of the pipe correspond to the quantity and arrangement of the nozzle orifices of the upper pressure pipe and the outer diameter (d _a ) of each nozzle orifice of the upper pressure pipe is equal to the corresponding And a plurality of pressure pipes substantially corresponding to the inner diameter (d _i ) of the connecting orifices. 3. A spinneret according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spinneret has a pressure plate (1) having at least one nozzle orifice which extends completely through the thickness (d) of the pressure plate. Wherein the pressure pipe or the pressure plate is made of a material in the form of a honeycomb or corrugated cardboard, and wherein at least one nozzle orifice of the pressure plate or the lowermost pressure pipe and the associated tubular insert Characterized in that a stabilizing layer (3) is provided which extends through the thickness (w) of the layer (3). 9. The spinnerette of claim 8, wherein a prepreg layer is applied to one or both sides of the stabilization layer, wherein at least one nozzle orifice and the associated tubular insert extend through the prepreg layer or layers. The spinneret according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one nozzle orifice has a diameter of approximately 2 to 200 micrometers. 11. The spinnerette of claim 10, wherein the at least one nozzle orifice has a diameter of approximately 2 to 10 micrometers.