KR20010057531A - A THERMAL DECOMPOSITION METHOD OF WASTE PVCs USING COALS - Google Patents

A THERMAL DECOMPOSITION METHOD OF WASTE PVCs USING COALS Download PDF

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KR20010057531A
KR20010057531A KR1019990061518A KR19990061518A KR20010057531A KR 20010057531 A KR20010057531 A KR 20010057531A KR 1019990061518 A KR1019990061518 A KR 1019990061518A KR 19990061518 A KR19990061518 A KR 19990061518A KR 20010057531 A KR20010057531 A KR 20010057531A
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coal
waste plastic
waste
reactor
dechlorination
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KR1019990061518A
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Korean (ko)
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이덕성
임덕희
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신현준
재단법인 포항산업과학연구원
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Publication of KR20010057531A publication Critical patent/KR20010057531A/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B7/00Halogens; Halogen acids
    • C01B7/01Chlorine; Hydrogen chloride
    • C01B7/03Preparation from chlorides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • B29B2017/0424Specific disintegrating techniques; devices therefor
    • B29B2017/0496Pyrolysing the materials

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: A method for pyrolyzing waste plastic containing chlorine by using coal is provided which does not effect on the rate of dechlorination, prevents the molten waste plastic from being absorbed in a reactor and controls the calorific value of the produced solid according to the content change of the coal. CONSTITUTION: The method comprises steps of: (i) adding not less than 10 wt.% of coal based on the weight of waste plastic to the waste plastic; and (ii) pyrolyzing the mixed materials of the step (i) at a temperature of 250-350 deg.C for not less than 30 minutes.

Description

석탄을 이용한 염소 성분 함유 폐플라스틱의 열분해 방법{A THERMAL DECOMPOSITION METHOD OF WASTE PVCs USING COALS}Pyrolysis of Waste Plastic Containing Chlorine Using Coal {A THERMAL DECOMPOSITION METHOD OF WASTE PVCs USING COALS}

본 발명은 석탄을 이용하여 염소 성분 함유 폐플라스틱을 열분해하는 방법에 관한 것으로, 보다 상세하게는 폐플라스틱을 탈염소하는 과정에서 석탄을 첨가함으로써 용융된 폐플라스틱이 반응기에 흡착되는 것을 방지하고, 생성 고형분의 발열량을 조절할 수 있는 열분해 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for pyrolyzing chlorine-containing waste plastics using coal, and more particularly, to prevent the adsorption of molten waste plastics to the reactor by adding coal in the process of dechlorination of the waste plastics. It relates to a pyrolysis method that can control the calorific value of solids.

폐플라스틱은 무게에 비하여 부피가 크며 분해되는데 필요한 시간이 길어 매립하여 처리하는데 많은 문제가 있다. 이들 폐플라스틱은 재료로서 재활용하는 것이 가장 바람직하지만, 여러종류가 혼합된 폐플라스틱의 경우 상분리로 인하여 원래의 플라스틱보다 물성이 떨어지기 때문에 본래의 목적에 따라 사용되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 현재는 소각처리후 폐열을 회수하는 열을 이용하여 재활용하는 방법의 비중이 높아지고 있다.Waste plastics are bulky relative to their weight and require a long time to decompose, causing many problems in landfill disposal. Although it is most preferable to recycle these waste plastics as materials, they are not used according to their original purpose because they are inferior in physical properties to original plastics due to phase separation. Therefore, the proportion of recycling method using heat to recover waste heat after incineration is increasing.

이때 PVC와 같이 염소 함유 플라스틱 혹은 착색제 함유 플라스틱을 소각시키면, 중금속이나 다이옥신과 같은 유해물질이 배출되어 환경을 오염시킬 뿐만 아니라 설비를 부식시킨다. 따라서 연소하기에 앞서 탈염소처리를 거쳐야 한다.At this time, incineration of chlorine-containing plastics or colorant-containing plastics such as PVC releases harmful substances such as heavy metals and dioxins, which not only pollute the environment but also corrode the equipment. Therefore, it must be dechlorinated before burning.

상기 탈염소 방법으로는 염소 함유 플라스틱을 250∼350℃로 가열하여 열분해하는 방법이 주로 사용된다. 상기 온도 범위에서 폐플라스틱은 용융 상태로 존재하며, 분해된 염소 성분은 습식 세정을 통해 염산(HCl)으로 방출되며, 소량의 저급 탄화수소와 벤젠류가 방출된다.As the dechlorination method, a method of pyrolyzing chlorine-containing plastic by heating to 250 to 350 ° C is mainly used. In the above temperature range, the waste plastic is present in a molten state, and the decomposed chlorine component is released to hydrochloric acid (HCl) through wet cleaning, and a small amount of lower hydrocarbons and benzenes are released.

그러나 상기 방법에 의해 폐플라스틱이 반응장치의 벽면에 흡착되면 열효율을 저하시키고 쉽게 분해되지 않는 새로운 고분자 물질을 형성함으로써 연속 운전을 어렵게 하므로 결과적으로 장치의 효율을 떨어뜨리게 된다.However, if the waste plastic is adsorbed on the wall of the reactor by the above method, the thermal efficiency is lowered and the new polymer material is not easily decomposed, thereby making continuous operation difficult, and as a result, the efficiency of the apparatus is reduced.

이에 본 발명의 목적은 탈염소율에는 영향을 미치지 않으면서 용융 폐플라스틱이 열분해 장치에 흡착되는 것을 방지하는 방법을 제공하려는데 있다.Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing molten waste plastic from being adsorbed to a pyrolysis device without affecting the dechlorination rate.

본 발명의 다른 목적은 적용하려는 연료 적용처에 따라 생성 고형분의 발열량을 조절할 수 있는 방법을 제공하려는데 있다.Another object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of adjusting the calorific value of the produced solids according to the fuel application to be applied.

본 발명에 의하면,According to the invention,

염소성분 함유 폐플라스틱으로부터 염산을 회수하는 열분해 방법에 있어서,In the pyrolysis method for recovering hydrochloric acid from chlorine-containing waste plastic,

석탄을 폐플라스틱의 중량을 기준으로 10% 이상을 첨가하는 단계; 및Adding at least 10% of coal based on the weight of the waste plastic; And

상기 배합물을 250℃∼350℃의 온도하에 30분이상 열분해시키는 단계;로 이루어지는 석탄을 이용하여 폐플라스틱을 열분해하는 방법이 제공된다.Pyrolyzing the compound at a temperature of 250 ℃ to 350 ℃ 30 minutes or more; there is provided a method of pyrolyzing waste plastic using coal consisting of.

이하, 본 발명에 대하여 상세히 설명한다.EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, this invention is demonstrated in detail.

본 발명자들은 폐플라스틱과 함께 석탄을 혼합하면 폐플라스틱이 용융된 후 석탄과 엉겨붙어 반응 장치에 흡착되지 않는다는 점에 착안하여, 본 발명을 완성하기에 이르렀다. 본 발명에서 사용하는 폐플라스틱은 염소 성분이 함유된 PVC류이며, 그 열분해장치로는 폐플라스틱을 대량으로 처리하는 로터리 킬른 방식 혹은 스크류 타입 장치를 사용한다.The present inventors have realized that mixing coal with waste plastics melts the waste plastics and then tangles with the coals so that they are not adsorbed by the reaction apparatus, thus completing the present invention. The waste plastics used in the present invention are PVCs containing chlorine, and the pyrolysis apparatus uses a rotary kiln method or a screw type device for treating waste plastics in large quantities.

상기 폐플라스틱은 열이 고르게 전달되고, 반응기의 운전을 용이하게 하도록 10mm이하로 분쇄하여 사용하는 것이 바람직하다.The waste plastic is preferably used to grind to less than 10mm to transfer heat evenly, to facilitate the operation of the reactor.

또한 본 발명에서는 폐플라스틱의 흡착 방지제로서 석탄을 사용한다. 여기서 석탄이외에 알루미나나 모래등의 무기 화합물을 사용하여도 폐플라스틱의 흡착을 방지할 수 있으나, 석탄의 발열량은 생성 고형분의 발열량인 4000-5000kcal/g보다 높은 7000∼8000kcal/g이므로 발열량을 증가시킬 수 있는데 반하여, 상기 무기 화합물은 발열량의 저하를 가져오게 되고, 연소후 회분량이 증가시키는 문제가 있으므로 바람직하지 않다.Moreover, in this invention, coal is used as an adsorption inhibitor of waste plastic. In addition to coal, inorganic compounds such as alumina or sand can be used to prevent the adsorption of waste plastics. However, the calorific value of coal is 7000 to 8000 kcal / g, which is higher than the calorific value of generated solids, which is 7000 to 8000 kcal / g. On the other hand, the inorganic compound is not preferable because it causes a decrease in the calorific value and increases the amount of ash after combustion.

상기 석탄은 분말상을 폐플라스틱의 중량을 기준으로 10%이상을 사용한다. 상기 분말상에 한정하는 것은 아니나, 분쇄된 폐플라스틱과 반응하는 반응 효율면에서 볼 때 분말상이 바람직하다.The coal is used in the powder phase 10% or more based on the weight of the waste plastic. Although not limited to the powder phase, the powder phase is preferable in view of the reaction efficiency of reacting with the pulverized waste plastic.

또한 10중량% 미만에서는 탈염소율은 매우 우수하였으나, 반응기 벽면에 고형물질이 흡착되게 되므로 바람직하지 않다. 또한 투입되는 석탄량이 많을수록 반응기의 벽면에 반응물의 흡착이 작아지기 때문에 상한치는 없으나, 생성물의 연소 혹은 석탄 공급에 문제가 없다면 10%정도의 소량을 사용하는 것이 바람직하다.In addition, the dechlorination rate was very excellent at less than 10% by weight, but it is not preferable because the solid material is adsorbed on the reactor wall. In addition, there is no upper limit because the adsorption of reactants on the wall of the reactor is smaller as the amount of coal added is higher, but it is preferable to use a small amount of about 10% if there is no problem in combustion of the product or supply of coal.

상기 폐플라스틱의 열분해 온도가 250℃이하인 경우에는 플라스틱의 열분해가 잘 일어나지 않거나 반응 시간이 너무 길어지게 되며, 350℃를 초과하면 탈염소율은 증가하고 반응 시간은 상대적으로 단축되나, 염소 성분외에 기타 연료 성분까지 모두 분해되는 탄화 현상이 일어나기 쉬우므로, 그 반응 온도는 250℃∼350℃인 것이 바람직하다. 또한 300℃에서 열분해시키는 것이 보다 바람직하다.When the pyrolysis temperature of the waste plastic is 250 ° C. or less, the pyrolysis of the plastic does not occur well or the reaction time is too long. If it exceeds 350 ° C., the dechlorination rate increases and the reaction time is relatively shortened. Since the carbonization phenomenon in which all components are decomposed easily occurs, the reaction temperature is preferably 250 ° C to 350 ° C. Moreover, it is more preferable to pyrolyze at 300 degreeC.

이때 소요되는 체류 시간은 장시간일수록 탈염소율이 개선되므로 30분이상인 것이 바람직하다. 따라서 300℃에서 30분간 열분해하는 것이 보다 바람직하다.In this case, the residence time required is longer than 30 minutes because the dechlorination rate is improved. Therefore, it is more preferable to pyrolyze at 300 degreeC for 30 minutes.

이와 같이 폐플라스틱을 열분해시 석탄을 첨가하여 생성 고형분을 제조하게 되면, 반응장치의 벽면에 폐플라스틱이 달라붙는 것을 방지할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 연료 적용처에서 요구되는 생성 고형물의 발열량을 조절할 수 있다.In this way, when the waste plastic is thermally decomposed to add coal to produce the produced solid, not only can the waste plastic stick to the wall of the reactor, but also the calorific value of the generated solid required in the fuel application can be controlled.

이뿐만 아니라 차후에 생성 물질의 입도를 고르게 하기 위해 파쇄하는 과정에서 폐플라스틱이 서로 달라붙는 것이 방지되고, 달라붙더라도 엉겨붙은 덩어리의 내부에 석탄 입자가 존재하여 쉽게 부스러지므로, 분쇄능이 향상된다.In addition to this, the waste plastics are prevented from sticking to each other during the crushing process in order to evenly adjust the particle size of the product, and coal particles are present in the inside of the lump that is easily crushed.

이하, 본 발명의 실시예에 대하여 하기에 설명하며, 이에 한정하는 것은 아니다.Hereinafter, the Example of this invention is described below, but is not limited to this.

<실시예><Example>

이하 실시예에서는 반응장치로서 로타리 킬른식 연속 반응기를 사용하였다.In the following examples, a rotary kiln type continuous reactor was used as the reactor.

<실시예 1-폐플라스틱 대비 석탄의 투입량 결정><Example 1-Determination of the input amount of coal compared to the waste plastic>

(1)발명예 1(폐플라스틱 대비 석탄의 투입량 10중량%, 반응 온도 300℃ 및 체류 시간 30분)(1) Invention Example 1 (injection amount of coal 10% by weight of waste plastic, reaction temperature 300 ℃ and residence time 30 minutes)

파이프용 PVC를 직경 10mm이하로 분쇄한 다음 10kg/hr로, 그리고 분말상 석탄은 1kg/hr로 상기 반응 장치에 투입하고, 300℃에서 30분간 반응시켰다. 결과 생성물을 분무탑식 스크러버를 사용하여 습식 세정시킨 다음 탈염소율을 측정하였다.PVC for pipes was pulverized to a diameter of 10 mm or less, and then 10 kg / hr, and powdered coal was added to the reactor at 1 kg / hr, and reacted at 300 ° C. for 30 minutes. The resulting product was wet rinsed using a spray tower scrubber and then the dechlorination rate was measured.

이때 탈염소율의 계산식은 다음과 같다.The dechlorination rate is calculated as follows.

탈염소율(%) = ((초기 PVC의 염소량)-(반응후 PVC의 염소량))/(초기 PVC의 염소량)×100Dechlorination rate (%) = ((chlorine content of initial PVC)-(chlorine content of PVC after reaction)) / (chlorine content of initial PVC) × 100

그 결과 측정된 탈염소율은 98%이었으며, 1시간 30분간 더 운전시킨 다음 육안으로 관찰한 결과 반응기의 벽면에는 흡착된 물질이 전혀 관찰되지 않았다.As a result, the measured dechlorination rate was 98%, and after 1 hour and 30 minutes of further operation, the naked eye was not observed on the wall of the reactor.

(2)발명예 2(폐플라스틱 대비 석탄의 투입량 50중량%) (2) Inventive Example 2 ( 50% by weight of coal compared to waste plastic)

석탄의 투입량을 2kg/hr로 변경한 것을 제외하고는 상기와 동일한 조건하에열분해 시험한 결과, 동일한 결과를 얻었다.The same result was obtained as the result of pyrolysis test under the same conditions as above except that the input amount of coal was changed to 2 kg / hr.

(3)발명예 3(폐플라스틱 대비 석탄의 투입량 8중량%)(3) Invention Example 3 (injection amount of coal 8% by weight of waste plastic)

석탄의 투입량을 0.8kg/hr로 변경한 것을 제외하고는 동일한 조건하에 열분해 시험한 결과, 탈염소율은 98%이상으로 매우 우수하였으나, 반응기 벽면에 고형물질이 일부 흡착되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다.Pyrolysis test under the same conditions except that the input amount of coal was changed to 0.8 kg / hr, the dechlorination rate was more than 98% was very good, but it was observed that some of the solid material adsorbed on the reactor wall.

따라서 석탄의 투입량은 폐플라스틱의 중량을 기준으로 10%이상임을 확인할 수 있다.Therefore, the input amount of coal can be confirmed that more than 10% based on the weight of the waste plastic.

<실시예 2-반응 체류 시간 결정>Example 2 Determination of Reaction Retention Time

(1)발명예 4(1) Invention Example 4

반응기내 체류 시간을 1시간으로 하는 것을 제외하고는 실시예 1과 동일한 조건하에 시험한 결과, 탈염소율은 98.7%이었으며, 반응기 벽면에 흡착된 물질은 전혀 관찰되지 않았다.The dechlorination rate was 98.7%, except that the retention time in the reactor was 1 hour, and no material adsorbed on the reactor wall was observed.

(2)발명예 5(2) Invention Example 5

반응기내 체류 시간을 25분으로 하는 것을 제외하고는 실시예 1과 동일한 조건하에 실험한 결과, 탈염소율은 96.2%였으며, 반응기 벽면에 흡착된 물질은 전혀 관찰되지 않았다.The experiment was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the residence time in the reactor was 25 minutes. The dechlorination rate was 96.2%, and no material adsorbed on the reactor wall was observed.

따라서 반응기내 체류 시간은 탈염소 효율을 고려할 때 30분이상인 것이 바람직하며, 발명예 1의 체류 시간을 고려할 때 특히 30분인 것이 가장 바람직함을 확인할 수 있다.Therefore, the residence time in the reactor is preferably 30 minutes or more in consideration of the dechlorination efficiency, it can be seen that most preferably 30 minutes in consideration of the residence time of Inventive Example 1.

<실시예 3-반응 온도>Example 3- Reaction Temperature

(1)발명예 6(1) Invention Example 6

반응 온도를 250℃로 변경한 것을 제외하고는 실시예 1과 동일한 조건하에 실험한 결과, 탈염소율은 5.5%이었으며, 반응기 벽면에 흡착된 물질은 전혀 관찰되지 않았다.The experiment was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the reaction temperature was changed to 250 ° C., and the dechlorination rate was 5.5%. No material adsorbed on the reactor wall was observed.

(2)발명예 7(2) Invention Example 7

반응 온도를 275℃로 변경한 것을 제외하고는 실시예 1과 동일한 조건하에 실험한 결과, 탈염소율은 63.5%이었으며, 반응기 벽면에 흡착된 물질은 전혀 관찰되지 않았다.The experiment was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the reaction temperature was changed to 275 ° C., and the dechlorination rate was 63.5%. No material adsorbed on the reactor wall was observed.

(3)발명예 8(3) Invention Example 8

반응 온도를 350℃로 변경한 것을 제외하고는 실시예 1과 동일한 조건하에 실험한 결과, 탈염소율은 99%이상이었으며, 반응기 벽면에 흡착된 물질은 전혀 관찰되지 않았다.Except for changing the reaction temperature to 350 ℃ experiments under the same conditions as in Example 1, the dechlorination rate was more than 99%, the material adsorbed on the reactor wall was not observed at all.

그러나 350℃에서는 염소 성분이외에도 다른 연료 성분들이 분해되어 나옴으로써 고형 연료의 양이 300℃인 경우에 비하여 32%정도 줄어든 것을 확인하였다.However, it was confirmed that at 350 ° C, other fuel components in addition to chlorine were decomposed to reduce the amount of solid fuel by 32% compared with the case of 300 ° C.

따라서 반응 온도는 250℃∼350℃내인 것이 바람직하며, 300℃의 온도에서 열분해시키는 것이 가장 바람직함을 확인할 수 있다.Therefore, the reaction temperature is preferably within 250 ℃ to 350 ℃, it can be confirmed that it is most preferable to pyrolyze at a temperature of 300 ℃.

본 발명의 방법에 의하면, 폐플라스틱의 탈염소 공정에 석탄을 투입하고 열분해시킴으로써 탈염소율에는 영향을 미치지 않으면서 용융된 폐플라스틱이 반응기에 흡착되는 것을 방지할 수 있다. 또한 석탄의 함량 변화에 따라 생성 고형분의 열량 조절이 가능하므로 연료 적용처에 따라 발열량이 조절된 고형분을 공급할 수 있다.According to the method of the present invention, coal is injected into a dechlorination process of waste plastic and pyrolysis can prevent the molten waste plastic from being adsorbed to the reactor without affecting the dechlorination rate. In addition, it is possible to control the calories of the produced solids in accordance with the change in the content of coal, it is possible to supply a solid content of the calorific value adjusted according to the fuel application.

Claims (2)

염소성분 함유 폐플라스틱으로부터 염산을 회수하는 열분해 방법에 있어서,In the pyrolysis method for recovering hydrochloric acid from chlorine-containing waste plastic, 석탄을 폐플라스틱의 중량을 기준으로 10% 이상을 첨가하는 단계; 및Adding at least 10% of coal based on the weight of the waste plastic; And 상기 배합물을 250℃∼350℃의 온도하에 30분이상 열분해시키는 단계;로 이루어지는 석탄을 이용한 폐플라스틱의 열분해 방법Pyrolyzing the compound under a temperature of 250 ° C. to 350 ° C. for at least 30 minutes; pyrolysis method of waste plastic using coal; 제1항에 있어서, 사용하는 석탄은 분말상임을 특징으로 하는 방법The method of claim 1 wherein the coal used is powdery.
KR1019990061518A 1999-12-24 1999-12-24 A THERMAL DECOMPOSITION METHOD OF WASTE PVCs USING COALS KR20010057531A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57209988A (en) * 1981-06-19 1982-12-23 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Pyrolysis of solid waste-containing plastics
US5344630A (en) * 1991-06-28 1994-09-06 Rohm And Haas Company Deep oxidation of halogenated organics with porous carbonaceous materials
JPH07216361A (en) * 1994-01-27 1995-08-15 Kansai Coke & Chem Co Ltd Preparation of coke
JPH09239343A (en) * 1996-03-08 1997-09-16 Nkk Corp Synthetic resins treatment and device therefor

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57209988A (en) * 1981-06-19 1982-12-23 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Pyrolysis of solid waste-containing plastics
US5344630A (en) * 1991-06-28 1994-09-06 Rohm And Haas Company Deep oxidation of halogenated organics with porous carbonaceous materials
JPH07216361A (en) * 1994-01-27 1995-08-15 Kansai Coke & Chem Co Ltd Preparation of coke
JPH09239343A (en) * 1996-03-08 1997-09-16 Nkk Corp Synthetic resins treatment and device therefor

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