KR20000063209A - Multipurpose Synthetic Mushroom Substrate Processing Unit - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A multipurpose, collective treating apparatus of mushroom medium is provided that renovates a conventional method of cultivating mushroom using a hypha/vessel cultivation, has a broad applicability in various kinds of mushroom cultivation, and can reduce the cost of equipment and labor cost. CONSTITUTION: The apparatus is characterized by the multipurpose which various medium treating method (such as, the ambient pressure direct vacuum sterilizing medium treatment, ozone(O3) treatment, the sterilizing medium treatment and the fermenting medium treatment) can be selected; the flexibility usable for various materials by heat decomposing/fermenting/sterilizing/decomposing and separating via washing between medium treatments ; and the multifunction comprising a stirrer (mixing of materials), a sterilizing kiln (O3/vaccum sterilization), washing/cooling devices, a fermenter, a moisture controller and an inoculator.

Description

Multipurpose Synthetic Mushroom Substrate Processing Unit

Technical Field

Equipment and equipment for mushroom culture method and processing procedure among current mushroom fungus / vessel cultivation methods.

Conventional Technology (Current Mushroom Medium Treatment Process and Procedures and Required Equipment)

* Most of high pressure / normal pressure indirect steam sterilization medium treatment method is as follows.

① Material Preparation-Hardwood Sawdust, Additives and Others

② Mixing-Mixer, material mixing and moisture control

③ Sealing / Filling-Filling / Filling Machine, Filling the Bags by Hand

④ Sterilization-Autoclave, Indirect sterilization of high pressure / atmospheric steam

⑤ Cooling-Cooling chamber / cooler, cooling to inoculation temperature (12-36 hours)

⑥ Inoculation-Inoculation room (Cleanroom / Cleanbench), inoculator or individual inoculation (hand work)

⑦ By transferring to the culture chamber

Costly equipment and laboratories are required at each stage of operation, material selection is limited, and the consistency and flexibility of tasks such as the possibility of material-containing impurities remaining in containers / bags, the cumbersome task of inoculating each container individually, and the demanding requirements of professional personnel Lack of such a large-scale investment must be preceded by the management burden, which is a burden to prevent the efficient development of mushroom cultivation or start a new one, and some ozone O₃ disinfection medium treatment and fermented food medium treatment are raised. have.

* Refer to prior art standard

O Shii cultivation technology / new shii cultivation technology. Lee Tae-soo et al., 1997/1999 Forestry Researcher

ㅇ Culture and management of oyster mushrooms. Differential Series, 1998 Farmers Newspaper

ㅇ Edible mushroom medium production and cultivation technology. Mushroom Society, 1999 Mushroom Society

ㅇ Shiitake Grower's Handbook. P Przybylowicz & J Donoghue, 1990 USA

Development of multifunctional equipment that integrates functions of mixer, sterilizer, cooler and inoculator

Improvement of various media treatment methods and procedures for steam sterilization, ozone sterilization and fermentation

Use of various materials (coniferous sawdust and agricultural by-products)

Increased yield by promoting mycelial culture of treated media

Reduced work time, less difficulty and labor reduction

It is to make mushroom cultivation easy by reducing investment cost.

1 Representative view (reference perspective view)

2 front view and side view

Figure 3 Raw material inlet module (Module)

Fig. 4 Inlet Valve Module

Fig. 5 Stirrer Module

Fig. 6 Steam Inlet and Dewatering Device Module

Fig. 7 Ejector Module

Fig. 8 Exhaust Pipe Module

Explanation of Signs of Major Parts of Drawings

Body

2. Raw Material Input Module

3. Inlet Valve Module

4. Agitator Module

5. Steam inlet and dewatering module

6. Ejector Module

7. Exhaust Pipe Module

8. Pedestal and wheels

9 ~ 10 no

11. Raw material inlet

12. Raw material inlet cover

13. Raw material inlet cover lock

14. Raw material slot cover lock hook

15. Raw material slot cover hinge

16. Injection valve (treatment agent (microbial treatment agent / wood herb solution / ozone O₃ etc.))

17. Hot water supply valve

18. Cold water supply valve

19. Stirring Screw Drive Motor

20. (Dual spiral forward and reverse simultaneous) stirring screw

21. Internal Stirring Screw

22. External Stirring Screw

23. Stirring Screw Support Bearing

24. Dehydration Coupling

25. Dewatering strainer

26. Coupling for steam inlet and dehydrator module

27. Dehydration Coupling Plug

28. Steam inlet valve

29. Vacuum suction valve

30. Drain Valve

31. Outlet

32. Outlet switch

33. Drain screw

34. Exhaust Screw Drive Motor

35. Outlet outlet (seaper connection)

36. Outlet opening and closing shutter

37. Exhaust Pipe Valve

38. Exhaust Purifier

The multipurpose mushroom medium comprehensive processor invented to solve this technical problem can perform the medium treatment process from the medium mixing to the inoculation as one of the following three medium treatment method.

① Atmospheric direct steam sterilization medium treatment

② ozone O₃ sterilization medium treatment,

③ Fermentation medium treatment

1. Atmospheric Direct Steam Sterilization Medium

While mixing ingredients by stirring, hot rice steam is injected like steam, direct steam sterilization to volatilize volatile matter (Volatile matter mainly Phenolic compound), and to remove impurities and mushroom growth inhibitory substance (high temperature water-soluble substance) by washing with hot water. Secondary washing with cold water (removal of cold water-soluble substances) and cooling are carried out at the same time, and the seed is added and stirred immediately to complete the mass inoculation and to carry out a series of processes to push the medium through the discharge screw and fill the container.

The following describes the operation procedure and principle in detail.

Close the outlet opening and closing device (32), remove the exhaust purification tank (38) from the exhaust pipe module (7), open the exhaust pipe valve (37), and drain valve coupling. In (24), the steam inlet and dewaterer module (5), to which the dewatering filter network 25 is assembled, is coupled and all valves are closed.

Open the raw material inlet cover (12), fill the raw material (sawdust, crushed hay / cress and others) in the body (1) about 2/3 to 3/4, close the material inlet cover (12) to prevent steam loss Fill the cover locks (13, 14).

Supply the power to rotate the stirring screws (19, 20).

The steam inlet valve 28 is opened and hot steam is injected into the body 1 to stir / direct sterilization and to remove volatile impurities such as phenolic compounds of the material (coniferous sawdust, etc.) through the exhaust pipe. Exhaust with steam.

The stirring screw 20 rotates in a clockwise direction, and the inner screw 21 sends the mixing material to the right side, and the outer screw 22 sends to the left side to increase the efficiency of sterilization by even infiltration of steam and remaining toward the outlet when extracting the medium. Allow the medium to collect to help extract the medium.

Because of the efficient sterilization method in which hot steam is in direct contact with the material, after steam sterilization for 1 to 2 hours (or 8 hours or necessary time for normal atmospheric indirect sterilization), the steam inlet valve 28 is closed and the hot water supply valve 14 is opened to open hot water. Fill the body (1) 2/3 (over 80 ℃) and wash it for about 10 minutes to separate high temperature water-soluble substances such as resin from raw materials. (When using only sawdust of oaks, omit hot water washing)

During direct steam sterilization and hot / cold water washing, the impurities are separated and the softening of Lignin is difficult to decompose.However, in order to accelerate mushroom mycelium sticking after inoculation, put sawdust into the media processor and fill it with water for about a day. After soaking, sterilization process has high lignin softening effect and it is possible to omit hot water washing.

Open the dehydration valve (30) to naturally drain the washed water through the dewatering filter network (25) in the steam inlet and dewatering module (5) and then lock the dehydration valve (30) again and open the cold water supply valve (18) Fill the torso 1 with 2/3.

As the temperature of the ground water is lowered to the temperature which can be inoculated within 10 minutes, the power is shut off to stop the stirring screws (19, 20), open the dehydration valve (30), drain the water naturally, and then close the dehydration valve (30) again. (The water must be sterile or use clean ground water to avoid infecting the sterilized medium.)

Seeds, trace elements and other additives to be inoculated by opening the raw material inlet cover 12 (Nitrous nutrients in the form of powder, such as rice bran, are cooked like rice cakes during direct steam sterilization, aggregated or washed down in the washing process, so they are separately filled in containers / bags). * Purpose after 30 ~ 40 minutes sterilization in a pressure cooker for home before use, and then close the raw material inlet cover 12 and supply power to rotate the stirring screws (19, 20) for 20 minutes for simultaneous simultaneous inoculation / mixing. After completion of the degree of stirring stop the stirring screws (19, 20).

Close all valves and inlet cover (12) and close the cover lock device (13, 14) to measure the moisture content of the medium to meet the required water content of 65% or so Open the suction valve 29 for 5 to 10 minutes to perform secondary dehydration to adjust the medium moisture content.

(Vacuum Pump-Adjust the time according to the pressure difference of Vacuum / Suction pump to properly adjust the media moisture content.However, vacuum dehydration that adjusts the media moisture to about 65% after natural dehydration by gravity does not require high pressure. It can be easily fitted with a large vacuum cleaner, and the difference of ± 5% is not a problem, and the vacuum cleaner is also necessary for cleaning the discharge processing chamber to block the pollutants, and the motorized body is installed outdoors and the hose hose It must be connected to a media processing system indoors to prevent scattering of pollutants.)

The vacuum suction valve 29 is closed, the exhaust pipe valve 37 is opened to relieve pressure, the outlet opening and closing shutter (Shutter) 36 is opened, and the power is supplied to the stirring screw (19, 20) and the discharge screw (33, 34). Rotate) to directly fill the inoculated complete medium coming out of the medium extraction port 35 into the box, or to close the culture bag to the medium extraction port to fill the bag, or to install the automatic inflator directly to the medium extraction It is also possible to simply process a series of steps up to sewing.

Containers that have been sealed / cold are cultivated and cultivated according to the breeding and cultivation procedures.

Direct sterilization by high temperature steam of multi-purpose mushroom medium processor, high sterilization efficiency and medium softening compared to indirect sterilization method, small capacity boiler is enough, and simple auxiliary equipment such as pressure cooker and vacuum cleaner for home As a result, the medium treatment procedure can be efficiently carried out within a short time, and the medium pollution can be minimized by the air cleaning equipment in the medium treatment chamber.

* As a pressure cooker for general households, the temperature is higher than 125 ℃.

2. Ozone sterilization medium treatment,

* Sterilize and dissolve harmful chemicals in materials through medium treatment using strong sterilizing and oxidizing power of ozone O₃, oxidize cell membranes (medium softening), and then add spawn and agitate to complete mass inoculation and discharge screw A series of processes for pushing out the medium and filling the container through a multipurpose medium processor is performed.

The following describes the operation procedure and principle in detail.

Close the outlet opening and closing device (32), mount the exhaust purification container (38) to the exhaust pipe Module (7), open the exhaust pipe valve (37), and drain valve coupling. In (24), the steam inlet and dewaterer module (5), to which the dewatering filter network 25 is assembled, is coupled and all valves are closed.

Open the raw material inlet cover (12), fill the raw material (sawdust, crushed hay / cress and others) about 2/3 to 3/4 in the body (1), close the raw material inlet cover (12) and prevent ozone O₃ leakage. The cover locks (13, 14).

Power is supplied to the stirring screw drive motor 19 to rotate the stirring screws 19 and 20.

The treatment agent injection valve 16 is opened to inject ozone O₃ (liquid ozone dissolved in water with high safety and sterilization efficiency) into the body 1 for strong sterilization while stirring and various phenolic compounds. Oxidative decomposition of harmful chemicals, oxidation of cell walls, media softening, and untreated ozone O₃ are discharged through the exhaust purification tank (activated carbon) 38 of the exhaust pipe, and are reduced to oxygen O2 and carbon dioxide CO2.

The stirring screw 20 rotates in a clockwise direction, and the inner screw 21 sends the mixing medium material to the right side and the outer screw 22 to the left side to increase sterilization efficiency by stirring and even diffusion of ozone O₃. Collect the remaining medium toward the outlet to aid in the extraction of the medium.

Since ozone O₃ is a high-efficiency sterilization method that directly contacts the material, the treatment agent supply valve 16 is closed after 1 hour of sterilization and further stirred for about 30 minutes to lower the level of ozone O₃ in the material. (Concentration and treatment time of ozone O₃ can be varied according to material and user requirements)

During ozone O sterile disinfection, the degradation of harmful chemicals and softening of lignin, which is difficult to decompose, are carried out, but the sawdust is put into the treatment machine a day ago and soaked in water for a day to accelerate the mushroom mycelium sticking after inoculation. The sterilization process shows a high softening effect of lignin.

The dehydration valve 30 is opened to naturally drain the remaining treated water through the dewatering filter network 25 in the steam inlet and dewatering module 5 and then lock the dehydration valve 30 again.

Spawn, micro-elements and other additives to be inoculated by opening the raw material inlet cover 12 (in the form of powdered nitrogenous nutrients such as rice bran, etc., in the middle of stirring, or separately placed in a small container to prevent excessive oxidation by ozone O₃. After injection sterilization), and then again, the raw material inlet cover 12 is closed and the power is supplied to rotate the stirring screws (19, 20) to complete a large amount of simultaneous inoculation / mixing by stirring for about 20 minutes, and then the stirring screw (19 , 20) stop.

Close all valves and inlet covers (12), close the cover locks (13, 14), and vacuum to measure the moisture content of the medium to meet the required water content of about 65% (a condition where water builds up between fingers when gripped by hand). Open the suction valve (29) for about 10 to 20 minutes and perform secondary dehydration to adjust the medium moisture content to about 65%. (Vacuum Pump-Adjust the time according to the pressure difference of Vacuum / Suction pump to properly adjust the media moisture content.However, vacuum dehydration that adjusts the media moisture to about 65% after natural dehydration by gravity does not require high pressure. It can be easily fitted with a large vacuum cleaner, and the difference of ± 5% is not a problem, and the vacuum cleaner is also necessary for cleaning the discharge processing chamber to block the pollutants, and the motorized body is installed outdoors and the hose hose It must be connected to a media processing system indoors to prevent scattering of pollutants.)

The vacuum suction valve 29 is closed, the exhaust pipe valve 37 is opened to relieve pressure, the outlet opening and closing shutter (Shutter) 36 is opened, and the power is supplied to the stirring screw (19, 20) and the discharge screw (33, 34). Rotate) to directly fill the inoculated complete medium coming out of the medium extraction port 35 into the box, or to close the culture bag to the medium extraction port to fill the bag, or to install the automatic inflator directly to the medium extraction It is also possible to simply process a series of steps up to sewing.

Containers that have been sealed / cold are cultivated and cultivated according to the breeding and cultivation procedures.

The ozone O₃ treatment method of the multi-purpose mushroom medium processor achieves strong sterilization efficiency and harmful chemical decomposition, and it can efficiently carry out the medium treatment procedure in a short time with only the ozone O₃ generator and household vacuum cleaner without a boiler. If air is cleaned with a low level of ozone O₃ supply, media contamination can be minimized.

* After ozone O₃ decomposition (short half-life: 30 minutes), the remaining material is oxygen O2, which is good for mycelial culture / breathing. The ozone O₃ emitted should be removed with oxygen O₂ by attaching an activated carbon purifier to the exhaust port to remove toxicity.

3. Fermented food medium treatment,

Charcoal is mixed with the media material and wood vinegar (Wood vinegar) is sprayed to supply enzymes to microorganisms (wood fungi, actinomycetes, VA roots, etc.) and the fermentation heat of aerobic fermentation process and biochemical degradation of microorganisms. After killing, decomposing harmful chemicals and softening the medium, add a seed and agitate to complete mass inoculation and push the medium through the discharge screw to fill the container with a multi-purpose medium comprehensive processor. The natural fermentation process, which is assumed to act as a bioactive substance of mushroom mycelium, a wood rot fungus, or to accelerate the mycelial growth by hardening of mycelial cell walls (mostly Lignin) by microorganisms. .

The following describes the operation procedure and principle in detail.

Close the outlet opening and closing device (32), remove the exhaust purification tank (38) from the exhaust pipe module (7), open the exhaust pipe valve (37), and drain valve coupling. Separation of steam inlet and dewatering module (6) from (24) and dehydration coupling plug (27) Lock all valves after mating.

Open the raw material inlet cover (12) and fill the raw material inlet cover (12) after filling the raw material (sawdust, crushed hay / cress and * charcoal, etc.) to the body (1) about 2/3 to 3/4.

Rotate the stirring screw (19, 20) by supplying the power and open the treatment agent injection valve (16) * supply about 20-30% of the material weight (50-100 times liquid or user requirement) and the treatment agent injection valve (16) After mixing the mixture with stirring for about 1 hour, inject the amount of wood vinegar (200 ~ 300 times liquid) or clean water into the medium content ratio of 65% through the treatment agent injection valve (16) or the cold water supply valve (18) and periodically stir it. Induce fermentation (10 ~ 20 rotations / hour) to biochemically decompose various harmful chemicals such as sterilization (fungus, etc.) using fermentation heat and phenolic compounds in materials (coniferous sawdust, etc.) The stirrer should be rotated periodically to avoid oxygen deficiency.

It is difficult to reach the fermentation temperature in winter when the temperature is very low, so it is easy to make fermentation conditions by injecting wood vinegar or water at about 60 ° C and then fermentation only by oxygen supply.

In the case of a large capacity, the raw material inlet cover 12 may be closed and the fermentation may be efficiently supplied by continuously supplying air through the treatment agent injection valve 16 or the cold water supply valve 18.

The stirring screw 20 rotates in a clockwise direction, and the inner screw 21 sends the mixed medium material to the right side, and the outer screw 22 sends the left side to serve as stirring and an even supply of air, thereby increasing the efficiency of fermentation and extracting the medium. In the city, the remaining medium toward the outlet is collected to help extract the medium.

Depending on the type of material (herbaceous, woody) or the grower's treatment method, the number of treatment days and treatment methods can be varied. The fermentation process can be inoculated through the raw material inlet 11 after about 1 to 2 days of rapid fermentation. Spawns, trace elements and other additives (such as powdered nitrogenous nutrients such as rice bran) are added and the water content is reduced by fermentation heat.

After closing the raw material inlet cover 12 and supplying power, the stirring screws 19 and 20 were rotated to complete mass inoculation / mixing by stirring for about 20 minutes, and then the stirring screws 19 and 20 were stopped.

Open the outlet opening and closing shutter (Shutter) 36 and supply power to rotate the stirring screw (19, 20) and the discharge screw (33, 34) to directly put the inoculated completed medium coming out of the medium outlet 35 in the box Alternatively, a method of filling a bag by bringing the culture bag into close contact with the medium extraction port, or by installing an automatic injector directly on the medium extractor, may be a series of processes to enter the bottle / mouth bag simply.

Containers that have been sealed / cold are cultivated and cultivated according to the breeding and cultivation procedures.

The fermentation treatment method of the multipurpose mushroom medium processor uses sterilization heat and biochemical decomposition through fermentation of microorganisms to disinfect and decompose harmful chemicals. Make the most of your vitality.

* There may be various theories on the use of vinegar liquor (or commercially available fermentation agents) and charcoal, only the porous nature of the charcoal provides a very good condition as a habitat for microorganisms, neutralizing the alkalinity of charcoal and disinfecting other fungi. For example, the use of the appropriate concentration of wood vinegar and the use of low concentration wood vinegar on the side of microbial activating enzyme supply will develop an efficient fermentation method according to the continuous physiology of fermentation-associated microorganisms. Will be proven.

In other words, this shows that the fermentation medium can be processed through the multipurpose medium synthesis processor.

A multi-purpose mushroom medium processor is manufactured using materials (STS 316) to prevent corrosion by wood vinegar (acid / Acid) and ozone O₃.

Perform a variety of media treatment methods and flexible procedures with one media processor

① Atmospheric direct steam sterilization medium: Material preparation-mixing / sterilization-washing / cooling-inoculation-encapsulation

② Ozone O₃sterilization medium treatment: material preparation-mixing / sterilization-inoculation-encapsulation

③ Fermentation medium treatment: material preparation-mixing / fermentation-inoculation-encapsulation

Reduced investment in necessary equipment / equipment with one media processing processor

(Replaces stirrer, fermenter, sterilization kiln, cooling device, moisture controller, inoculator)

Various materials can be used by the decomposition and extraction of growth inhibitory substances in the material during processing

Improved inoculation method: save time, equipment or labor by mass simultaneous vaccination

Reduction of processing time: Reduction from 4 to 10 hours from 24 to 48 hours (①② method)

Reduction of labor force: Performing the whole process with one or two simple workers

Increase productivity by reducing equipment and operating costs

Flexibility / Compatibility: Applicable to new methods, threshing trees, etc.

Claims (1)

Versatile to choose from various media treatment methods (atmospheric direct steam sterilization media, ozone O 3 sterilization media, fermentation media) Flexibility and ability to use various materials through the ability to decompose / separate impurities through pyrolysis / fermentation / sterilization / washing between media treatments Stirrer (mixing material), sterilization kiln (ozone O₃ / steam sterilization), washing / cooling device (washing and cooling of impurities in medium using hot and cold water), fermenter (medium fermentation treatment), moisture controller (moisture content using vacuum pressure) Control), with multifunction of inoculator (bulk simultaneous inoculation) Multi-purpose Mushroom Medium Processor