KR20000029130A - A magnet type motor and generator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A magnetic electromotor and a generator are provided to solve problems such as the arrangement of a magnet to increase the magnetic flux of a gap part, the concentration of the magnetic flux in the gap part, the shape and productivity of an iron core, the structure of the iron core to simplify the control on moving, and so on. CONSTITUTION: A supplementary generator is composed of a rotator frame(1) for transmitting the power of a non-magnetic body, 6 division iron cores and 6 magnets. Herein, a space(16) between a and b parts of a magnet stator(12) and a rotator frame(1) and a division core iron(13) is consisted of air or a non-magnet body. In addition, even when the space is made up as a part of the core iron or a side plate, the leakage of the magnetic flux form the end of the magnet is prevented to double the magnetic resistance not to leak the utmost magnetic flux. Furthermore, the magnet flux of a gap part is bigger than that of the magnet since the doubled radius length of the magnet is longer than the circumferential length of the gap part of the division core iron.

Description

Magnetic Motors and Generators {A MAGNET TYPE MOTOR AND GENERATOR}

The present invention relates to a magnetic motor and a generator having a magnetic pole structure for improving the output, efficiency, and starting characteristics of the motor or generator using a magnet.

Conventionally, in an electric motor or a generator using a magnet, the magnet is magnetized to a cylindrical or disc-shaped metal material to form a magnet, or the separated magnet is arranged in a cylindrical shape so that the magnet itself has a gap in the magnetic force. The negative magnetic field depends on the output and efficiency.

In the era of resource saving and energy saving, more efficient and resource saving is strongly demanded in the motor and generator fields, but satisfactory motor or generator has not been proposed until now.

In addition, the use of thrust propellers such as magnet motors and windmill generators is not only energized. It cannot be started by wind power, so complicated control circuits are required, and they are composed of expensive and complicated systems.

Therefore, the present invention focuses on the improvement of the magnetic flux density of the gap between the rotor and the stator of the motor or generator directly related to the improvement in performance. It aims to solve the problems such as the shape and productivity of the iron core, the structure of the iron core for simplified control during start-up, and the reduction of the switching loss due to the polarity change during high speed rotation.

Means for solving the problems according to the present invention in order to achieve the above object will be described in the following order.

① Magnet placement to increase the magnetic flux in the air gap

In order to increase the magnetic flux of the gap portion, there may be a case where a single magnet is used for each pole and a plurality of magnets are combined. First, the case of using a single magnet is described, forming a radial slot for inserting a magnet in the iron core of each pole so that the length of the magnet is adjusted in the radial direction, especially in the case of strong magnetic flux or a magnet in the slot Make sure you fill it in so you can use it. In addition, by making the magnet detachable, it is easy to change or adjust the characteristics of the motor and generator. Next, when a single magnet has a limited structure and magnetic force, and the magnetic force of the gap portion is to be stronger, a plurality of magnets are effectively combined for each pole.

② Flux concentration of air gap

In the case of forming a radial slot for inserting a magnet into the iron core of each pole, the radial length of the slot can be made longer than the magnetic force possessed by the magnet itself by lengthening the radial length of the slot with respect to the circumferential length per pole of the cavity. It ensures that the magnetic flux of each pole is separated or mechanically minimized to the minimum necessary or that the coupling is made of nonmagnetic material so that magnetic flux does not leak outside the void as much as possible.

③ Shape and productivity of iron core

Iron cores are generally united in mass production. However, in order to more effectively concentrate the magnetic flux of the gap portion, each pole has a separate structure. In addition, the connection structure of the thin film is handled. It is not a good measure because it requires dimension control.

④ Iron core structure for simplified control at start-up

Magnetic motors and generators with large driving torques (for example, wind turbines, etc.) need to be driven by brushes or electronic circuits. In the present invention, a large number of slots are formed on the side of the gap to form a bag-shaped conductor or a winding in which an iron core is used in an induction motor, and an expensive brush or an electronic circuit is unnecessary.

⑤Reduction of switching loss during polarity switching at high speed

In a magnetic motor or a generator, an alternating current flows through the stator coils to function normally. Therefore, switching loss occurs when the direction of the current changes from + to-and-to +. Especially at high speed rotation, it becomes remarkable and becomes a factor which greatly reduces efficiency. In the present invention, the end of the iron core is cut by the angle of the following equation in accordance with the function of the electric motor to achieve only the shape of the cavity of the iron core without depending on expensive and complicated electronic circuits.

Electrical angle of cutout (degrees) = 180 degrees-

1 is a structural diagram of a generator showing an embodiment of the present invention and the structure of a conventional generator,

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a magnetic rotor in an external generator, which is an explanatory diagram illustrating the magnetic flux concentration in the air gap, and shows six embodiments;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the magnetic rotor in the electric power generator, illustrating six embodiments by way of explaining the magnetic flux concentration in the cavity portion; FIG.

4 is a diagram illustrating a magnetic rotor split core structure in an abduction type generator, and showing two embodiments;

5 is a diagram illustrating an example in which a bag-shaped rotor of an abduction type generator is formed.

<Description of the code | symbol about the principal part of drawing>

1,1 ′: rotor frame 2: magnet rotor

2 ': cylindrical magnet rotor 3,3': stator

4,4 ′: shaft 5,5 ′: bearing

6,6 ′: Bearing support pipe 7,7 ′: Power cord

8,8 ′: End bracket 12: Stator

13: split iron core

14,14 ', 14a, 14b, 14a', 14b ', 14a ", 14b": magnet

15 axis 16a, 16b nonmagnetic space

17: gap 18: side plate

19: bar N, S: magnet polarity

21: non-magnetic holder 22: stator

23: split iron core

24, 24 ′, 24a, 24b, 24a ′, 24b ′, 24a ″, 24b ″: magnet

25: axis 26, a, b: nonmagnetic space

28: void portion 30: split iron core

31: slot 32: core cutting

Hereinafter, a magnetic motor and a generator according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

Fig. 1 is an external power generator, and Fig. 1A shows a cross-sectional structure of a generator having a magnetic rotor 2 of the present invention, and Fig. 1B shows a conventional cylindrical magnet rotor 2 '. It is a figure which shows the cross-sectional structure of an excitation generator. When the magnet rotor 2 is driven by an external power source, a voltage is generated according to the number of rotations of the coil wound around the stator 3, and when a load such as a resistor is connected to the power cord 7 (7 ′), current is generated. Flows and is powered. The generated voltage of the coil is proportional to the magnetic flux density of the gap between the stator 3 (3 ') and the rotor 2, and also to the rotation speed. Focusing on how to increase the magnetic flux density of the air gap is greatly related to the improvement of the performance and the efficiency of the generator, the present invention has devised a structure that dramatically improves the characteristics.

1a and 1b, 1,1 'is the rotor frame, 4,4' is the shaft, 5,5 'is installed between the shafts 4,4' and the bearing support pipes 6,6 '. Bearing, and 8,8 'are end brackets.

Next, the countermeasure which can improve the magnetic flux density of the space | gap part 17 and 28 is demonstrated with reference to FIG. 2 and FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of an external power generator, and FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the power generator.

In FIG. 2A showing a cross-section of an abduction type generator, a rotor frame 1 in which a rotor material transmits power of a nonmagnetic material, six split iron cores 13 (in this embodiment, divided into six iron cores), and 6 It consists of two magnets 14. In this case, the space 16 between the a and b portions of the stator 12 and the rotor frame 1 of the magnet and the rotor frame 1 and the split iron core 13 is made of air or a nonmagnetic material. Even if the rotor is configured to be part of an iron core or side plate (when it must be made of ferromagnetic material), the magnetic resistance is increased so that the magnetic flux does not leak and the magnetic flux is leaked from the end of the magnet 14. It is a structure which prevents. By making twice the radial length of the magnet 14 larger than the circumferential length per pole of the gap of the divided core 13, the magnetic flux of the gap 17 can be made larger than the magnetic flux of the magnet 14. So-called. This means that the flux concentration effect of the present invention is achieved, leading to a dramatic performance improvement of the generator.

The polarity of the magnet 14 is detachably nearly split to the slit formed by the two split iron cores 13 adjacent to each other so as to cope with the same pole as shown in the drawing. It is inserted so that a gap with 13) does not arise. In addition, the performance difference according to the presence or absence of ferromagnetic material such as iron in a part and b part is an embodiment of the generator, but there is an output difference of 2-3 times. It was improved to 600W when the ferromagnetic material was present in the a and b parts, and to 1800W when the ferromagnetic material was not in the b part. The space 16 also plays an important role in magnetic flux concentration. By making the magnet 14 detachable, the same magnetic force can change the length in the radial direction, and the same length can change the intensity of the magnetic force and change or adjust the characteristics easily. Fig. 2B is an example in which the magnets 14a and 14b having different magnetic strengths are inserted into the slit, which is effective in further changing the magnetic flux distribution of the cavity 17 and intensifying the strength of the magnetic force. FIG. 2C is effective for making the magnetic flux distribution of the cavity 17 uniform, and the cross section of the magnet 14 'is trapezoidal. In FIG. 2D, the magnets 14 having the same magnetic strength are increased to two sheets per pole, which is more effective in improving the magnetic force of the air gap 17, and thus, a dramatic improvement in performance can be expected. 2E includes two kinds of magnets 14a 'and 14b', the magnetic field of the cavity 17 is determined by the magnet 14a ', and the magnetic field is finely adjusted by the magnet 14b'. . FIG. 2F is a configuration example in which a magnetic field of the more powerful void portion 17 can be expected by combining the magnet 14a ″ and the cylinder magnet 14b ″ of the present invention with a conventional cylindrical magnet.

3A to 3F are diagrams showing the electric power generator, but have the inverted structure of the electric power generator of FIG. 2 and are basically the same.

In Fig. 3A showing a cross-sectional view of a generator type generator, the rotor material is a non-magnetic power transmission rotor nonmagnetic holder 21, six split iron cores 23 (six divisions in this example), and six magnets 24. It consists of. At this time, the space 26 formed between the stator 22 side of the magnet and the a and b portions of the nonmagnetic holder 21 and the nonmagnetic holder 21 and the split iron core 23 is formed of air. As part of the iron core or side plate (when it cannot be made of ferromagnetic material) due to the rotor configuration, the magnetic resistance is increased so that there is little leakage of magnetic flux even when this part cannot be constructed, thereby preventing the leakage of magnetic flux from the magnet end. It is made up. By doubling the radial length of the magnet 24 larger than the length in the circumferential direction per pole of the void portion of the divided iron core 23, the magnetic flux of the void portion can be made larger than the magnetic flux of the magnet 24. In other words, it leads to a dramatic performance improvement of the generator in which the flux concentration effect of the present invention can be achieved.

The polarity of the magnet 24 is a gap with the iron core 23 detachably to a slit formed by two iron cores 23 adjacent to the same pole as shown in the figure with respect to one iron core 23. It is inserted so as not to generate a gap.

In other words, the difference in performance depending on the presence or absence of ferromagnetic material such as iron in a and b portions is an example of a generator, but there is an output difference of 2-3 times. When the ferromagnetic material was in the a part and b part, it was 600W, and the ferromagnetic material was improved to 1800W in the absence of the ferromagnetic material in part a and b part. In addition, the space 26 also plays a large role in magnetic flux concentration.

By making the magnet 24 detachable, the same magnetic force changes the length in the radial direction, and the same length changes the strength of the magnetic force so that the characteristics and adjustment can be easily performed.

3B is an example in which the magnets 24a and 24b having different strengths are inserted into the slit, which is more effective in changing the magnetic flux distribution of the gap portion 28 and increasing the strength of the magnetic force. In FIG. 3C, the cross section of the magnet 24 ′ is ladder-shaped so as to be effective for equalizing the magnetic flux distribution of the cavity 28. In FIG. 3D, the magnets 24 having the same magnetic strength are increased to two sheets per pole, and the strength of the magnetic force of the air gap 28 can be further increased, so that a dramatic improvement in performance can be expected. Fig. 3E is composed of two kinds of magnets 24a 'and 24b'. The magnetic field of the void portion 28 is determined by the magnet 24a ', and the magnetic field is finely adjusted by the magnet 24b'. 3f is an example in which a strong magnetic field of the void portion 28 can be expected by combining the magnet 24a ″ of the present invention with the conventional cylindrical magnet 24b ″.

In addition, in the above description, the generator has been described as an example, but it goes without saying that the present invention can naturally be applied to an electric motor as it is. The principle of magnetic concentration can be applied to all electric motors using other magnets. For example, it can be applied to a bread cake motor, a linear motor and a magnetic device. In Figs. 2A to 2F, 15 is a shaft, 12 is a stator, and in Figs. 3A to 3F, 20 is a housing, 25 is a shaft, and 22 is a stator.

FIG. 4 shows a plan view as an example of the rotor split iron core 30 of the abduction type generator described above, but forms slots 31 (three in the drawing) adjacent to the air gap between the stator with FIGS. 4A and 4B. have. This is to ensure that the magnetic rotor can be started without the use of expensive and complicated electronic circuits when using a magnetic rotor in a synchronous motor or a windmill generator using a thrust propeller. It is for forming a bag-shaped rotor or a winding-type rotor (conductor part) used for a simple induction motor. Start the maneuver with a single-phase or multiphase induction motor. In order to increase the starting torque, the shape of the slot 31 is variously changed, and for example, the slot 31 having a deep groove can be coped with as necessary. FIG. 4B again shows both end portions of the iron core 30 to extremely reduce the generation of the magnetic flux of the gap portion of the cutout portion 32, and is represented by the eddy current loss during inversion according to the alternating current flowing through the stator coil at high speed rotation. The reversed loss can be reduced to a simple notch shape of the iron core 30. To solve such an effect with an electronic circuit, the control circuit becomes expensive. This cut-off method is very useful because of the high cost and effort required to ensure the safety of the entire system with a very precise switching circuit. The angle of the notch 32 is obtained by the following.

Electrical angle of cutout (degrees) = 180 degrees-

In addition, there is a possibility of increasing the magnetic flux density at a ratio of 180 degrees / (electric angle of 180-notches) of the magnetic pole part due to the notch, and the loss can be reduced without affecting the characteristics.

FIG. 5 is an example in which a bag-shaped rotor is formed of an abduction type generator using FIG. 4A. The bag-shaped rotor portion is configured as shown in FIG. 5B and is made of a conductor such as aluminum or brass. ) And a plurality of bars 19 attempt to integrate the rotor by riveting or die casting. It is of course also possible to radially twist the rotor bar to improve maneuverability or to improve the stator radially.

As described above, the present invention significantly improves the magnetic flux of the air gap by the shape, arrangement, and configuration of the magnet, iron core, etc. of the magnetic rotor, and can greatly improve the performance and efficiency of the generator and the motor. have.

Claims (5)

A radial slot is formed to detachably insert single or plural magnets into the iron core of each pole, and the magnetic flux increase or control of the gap formed between the stator and the rotor can be easily performed, and the output characteristic can be easily changed or adjusted. Magnetic motor and generator characterized in that the combination of the length of the magnet or a plurality of magnets so as to combine. The magnet generator according to claim 1, wherein the radial slot into which the magnet is inserted is made twice as long as the circumferential length per pole of the gap between the stator and the rotor. 2. The magnetic motor and generator according to claim 1, wherein the slit is provided with a separate iron core completely separated in order to effectively generate magnetic flux in the air gap. 4. The magnet motor and generator according to claim 3, wherein slots are formed in the separating iron core to form a conductor part to be driven by a rotating magnetic field. The iron core of claim 1, wherein a part of the magnetic pole is cut out in the iron core in which the magnet is placed, and the cutout portion is an angle represented by the following equation by an electrical angle, and the switching loss at the time of exchange of the magnetic poles is based on the structure of the iron core alone. Magnetic motor and generator, characterized in that to be reduced. Electrical angle of notch (degree) = 180 degrees