CN109217597B - Composite excitation amorphous alloy axial flux motor - Google Patents

Abstract

A mixed-pole magnetic field controllable axial flux motor, comprising two amorphous alloy stators and a rotor placed in the middle of the two stators; the stator core of the stator part is radially divided into three parts, which are permanent magnet area stators respectively The iron core, the magnetic isolation area and the stator iron core in the electric excitation area; the armature winding in the permanent magnet area is arranged on the stator iron core in the permanent magnet area; the armature winding in the electric excitation area is arranged on the stator iron core in the electric excitation area; the rotor bracket of the rotor part is embedded with The permanent magnets and the ferromagnetic poles are axially corresponding to the stator core in the electric excitation area and the stator core in the permanent magnet area, respectively. It has the advantages of simple manufacture, low loss, high power density and wide range of weak magnetic expansion.

Description

Composite Excited Amorphous Alloy Axial Flux Motor

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of axial magnetic flux motors, and mainly relates to a composite excitation amorphous alloy axial magnetic flux motor.

Background technique

As a new type of soft magnetic material, amorphous alloy strip has excellent magnetic properties, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, high strength, high hardness and high resistivity, and its thickness is only 0.025mm. Compared with traditional silicon steel sheets, amorphous alloys have very small core losses, especially in high frequency bands, so amorphous alloy strips are very suitable for high-speed high-frequency motors. The traditional amorphous alloy axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor adopts the permanent magnet structure of double rotor and single stator. In this structure, the surface of the motor rotor is pasted with permanent magnets, and the two sides of the stator are covered with armature windings, which has high power density. , high torque density and high efficiency. However, due to the inherent characteristics of permanent magnet materials, the air-gap magnetic field in the amorphous alloy axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor remains basically constant, and the traditional permanent magnet structure axial flux motor generally adopts the surface-mounted magnetic pole structure. This structure has large air gap, small inductance, and basically the same inductance of the quadrature axis, which makes the excitation adjustment difficult, the field weakening speed adjustment range is relatively narrow, and the permanent magnet is easy to demagnetize, which has become a bottleneck restricting the development of the motor. The application of amorphous alloy axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor is greatly restricted.

In order to pursue the effect of high power torque density, high efficiency and controllable magnetic field of the motor, many researchers have proposed different types of topological structures in the form of hybrid excitation to solve the problem that the magnetic field of the traditional permanent magnet synchronous motor is difficult to adjust and is not conducive to weak field speed expansion. and other problems, but still have different degrees of defects:

(1) Chinese patent CN201310301385.0 proposes a dual-stator disk-type hybrid excitation motor including two stators, permanent magnets, three-phase concentrated armature windings, single-phase concentrated excitation windings and a rotor. The stator and the rotor are installed coaxially, and the rotor is placed between the two stators. Permanent magnets, armature windings and electric excitation windings are all located in the stator, and there are neither permanent magnets nor windings on the rotor, and the structure is simple. The air-gap magnetic field is composed of the electric excitation magnetic field generated by the electric excitation winding and the permanent magnet magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet. The adjustment of the air-gap magnetic field is realized by changing the electric excitation current. The structure retains the characteristics of compactness, simplicity and high-speed operation of the magnetic flux switching permanent magnet motor of the disc type, and the hybrid excitation function can be realized without additional motor volume, which ensures that the motor with this structure has strong torque output capability and relatively high speed. high power density. However, the permanent magnet is located in the stator, and the assembled stator core increases the difficulty of process and assembly, and the electric excitation magnetic circuit passes through the permanent magnet, which increases the copper consumption of the excitation winding.

(2) Chinese patent CN201310203116.0 proposes a magnetic levitation bearing disk-type hybrid excitation doubly salient wind generator, aiming at the problems existing in the existing magnetic levitation wind generator system, such as too complex structure, high energy consumption, and not suitable for small and medium fans. . The adopted technical scheme includes a rotor, two generator stators, two permanent magnet rings, three magnetic suspension bearing stators, a fan blade and a rotor shaft; the magnetic suspension bearing stator is wound with a magnetic suspension bearing control winding; the fan blade is mounted on the rotor shaft One end of the rotor is installed on the other end of the rotor shaft, and the fan blades and the rotor rotate synchronously with the rotor shaft; the two permanent magnet rings are respectively connected to the two generator stators and are connected to the magnetic suspension bearing stator; the permanent magnet ring is embedded in the magnetic suspension bearing stator The magnetic suspension bearing stator is evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the rotor and the outer circumference of the rotor extends into the magnetic suspension bearing stator; an air gap is left between the magnetic suspension bearing stator and the two planes of the rotor.

(3) Chinese patent CN201610317337.4 proposes a hybrid excitation axial flux modulation type composite structure motor, the purpose is to solve the problem of small output torque of the existing hybrid excitation motor. The rotating shaft passes through the permanent magnet outer stator, the No. 1 magnetic control ring, the inner stator, the No. 2 magnetic control ring and the electric excitation outer stator in sequence, and the permanent magnet outer stator, the inner stator and the electric excitation outer stator all rotate through the bearing and the rotating shaft Connection, the magnetic control ring rotor and the rotating shaft are fixedly connected, between the permanent magnet outer stator and the No. 1 magnetic control ring, between the No. 1 magnetic control ring and the inner stator, between the inner stator and the No. There is a gap between the magnetic ring and the outer stator of the electric excitation; the permanent magnet is magnetized by the Halbach structure 90° magnetization method; The magnetic materials are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction. However, its structure is more complicated, and the Halbach structure increases the difficulty of the manufacturing process.

(4) Chinese patent CN201210197633.7 proposes a hybrid excitation axial magnetic field disk switched reluctance motor, including a stator disk and a rotor disk, the stator disk includes a number of stator yoke disks and stator poles, and the rotor disk includes a rotor yoke disk, a rotor disk The poles, the rotor poles are evenly distributed on the rotor yoke disk, the stator poles are evenly distributed on the circumference of the stator yoke disk, each stator pole is provided with a stator coil, and the stator coils are connected to form a multi-phase winding. A slot is arranged between the stator poles, and a permanent magnet is arranged at the slot. The permanent magnet is located above the outside of the stator coil. The magnetization direction of the permanent magnet is tangential, and the magnetization direction of the permanent magnets on both sides of each stator pole is opposite. , the stator pole is provided with six, and the rotor pole is provided with four; it has the advantages of high motor operation efficiency, low motor vibration and noise, and high motor power density and torque density. However, the permanent magnet is located in the stator, which increases the difficulty of manufacturing the stator and reduces the strength of the stator.

(5) Chinese patent CN200310109497.2 proposes a controllable magnetic field permanent disk motor. The stator assembly is mainly composed of an inner stator core, an outer stator core, a left armature coil, a right armature coil and a DC excitation coil. , The right armature coil is embedded on the left and right sides of the inner and outer stator iron cores, respectively, and the DC excitation coil is placed between the inner stator iron core and the outer stator iron core; the rotor assembly has two rotor assemblies, left and right. ) The position of the rotor assembly relative to the position of the outer stator core is spaced by a pole pitch to embed the permanent magnet N pole (S pole), and at the same time, the permanent magnet S pole (N pole) is embedded with a pole pitch relative to the position of the inner stator core, and the permanent magnet The N pole and S pole are staggered by a pole distance. However, part of the DC excitation magnetic circuit of the motor passes through the permanent magnet, which increases the reluctance of the excitation magnetic circuit, and the excitation copper consumption is large.

(6) Chinese patent CN201310418173.0 proposes a stator-split axial flux switching hybrid excitation synchronous motor, including a stator and a rotor. The stator is composed of two inner and outer layers of "H" type unit stator cores spliced into two windings. Concentric rings, the magnetic isolation ring separates the two concentric rings, the armature winding adopts concentrated winding, the armature winding is wound on the stator teeth of two adjacent "H" type unit stator cores, and the permanent magnets form N and S poles. The phases are distributed in the middle of the adjacent "H" type unit stator cores; the permanent magnets and the stator slots are all rectangular structures; the excitation bracket is located directly above the permanent magnet, separated by a magnetic isolation ring, the excitation winding is axially wound on the excitation bracket, and the rotor adopts The disc structure includes a rotor yoke and rotor poles uniformly fixed on the surface of the rotor in a radial shape. The stator and the rotor are coaxially connected. The stator is divided into inner and outer parts by a magnetic isolation ring, so that the electric excitation magnetic circuit and the permanent magnet magnetic circuit are connected in parallel, and the coupling between the magnetic circuits of the two is reduced, which greatly improves the utilization rate of the permanent magnet and the motor efficiency. However, the stator teeth are simultaneously affected by the magnetic flux generated by the armature winding, the electric excitation winding and the permanent magnet, which is easy to reach a saturation state and reduce the magnetic adjustment capability of the motor.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Object of the invention: The air gap magnetic field in the axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor is basically kept constant, and the air gap is large, and the number of series turns of each phase is small, which is not conducive to weak magnetic field speed expansion. In order to realize the simple, flexible, cost-effective adjustment and control of the air-gap magnetic field of the axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor, so as to improve the speed regulation and driving performance of the motor, and avoid the irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnet, a composite non-reversible magnetic field is introduced. Crystalline alloy axial flux motor.

Technical solutions:

A mixed-pole magnetic field controllable axial flux motor, comprising two amorphous alloy stators and a rotor placed between the two stators;

The stator core of the stator part is divided into three parts along the radial direction, which are the permanent magnet area stator core, the magnetic isolation area and the electric excitation area stator core;

The permanent magnet area armature winding is arranged on the permanent magnet area stator iron core; the electric excitation area armature winding is arranged on the electric excitation area stator iron core;

Permanent magnets and ferromagnetic poles are embedded on the rotor bracket of the rotor part, which are respectively axially corresponding to the stator core in the electric excitation area and the stator core in the permanent magnet area.

For the mixed-pole magnetic field controllable axial flux motor, preferably: the stator iron core in the electric excitation area has 6*n open slots to form a tooth-like structure; the number of poles of the rotor iron is 5*n , the number of poles of the rotor permanent magnet is 10*n;

The armature windings in the electric excitation area are wound on the teeth of the stator core in the electric excitation area.

In the mixed-pole magnetic field controllable axial flux motor, preferably, both the permanent magnet and the ferromagnetic pole with good magnetic permeability are embedded in a non-magnetic stainless steel rotor bracket.

In the mixed-pole magnetic field controllable axial flux motor, preferably, the stator slot depth in the electric excitation region is greater than the stator slot depth in the permanent magnet region, and the electric excitation winding is arranged in the slot near the yoke.

Advantages and Effects:

The present invention is a composite excitation amorphous alloy axial flux motor, which has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

(1) The composite excitation amorphous alloy axial flux motor proposed by the present invention can easily adjust the total magnetic field of the air gap by changing the polarity and magnitude of the DC excitation current, and has good speed regulation and constant voltage power generation capability .

(2) The electric excitation magnetic flux path proposed by the present invention is connected in parallel with the magnetic flux path generated by the permanent magnet, and the magnetomotive force generated by the DC excitation current is not superimposed on the permanent magnet, which avoids when a large excitation current is passed through. The possible problem of permanent magnet demagnetization improves the reliability of motor operation.

(3) The present invention proposes that the electric excitation magnetic flux path is composed of stator iron core, air gap and ferromagnetic pole. Before the iron core reaches saturation, the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit is very low, and less excitation winding current can be introduced to achieve higher regulation. Magnetic level.

(4) The magnetic isolation region proposed by the present invention can effectively reduce the magnetic flux leakage between the permanent magnet magnetic circuit and the electric excitation magnetic circuit.

(5) The stator proposed by the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to be processed, which reduces the influence of the material properties of the amorphous alloy core by the processing technology.

(6) The present invention proposes a composite excitation amorphous alloy axial flux motor, whose electric excitation winding is located in the stator, and the rotor structure is relatively simple, which ensures the strength and reliability of the rotor structure.

(7) The present invention proposes a composite excitation amorphous alloy axial flux motor, and appropriately adjusting the proportion of the electric excitation area and the permanent magnet area can meet the needs of the speed regulation range in different occasions.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of disassembly of FIG. 1 .

Description of reference numbers:

1 stator core; 2 permanent magnet area armature windings; 3 electric excitation area armature windings; 4 electric excitation windings; 5 rotor brackets; 6 permanent magnets; 7 ferromagnetic poles; 8 electric excitation area stators; 9 magnetic isolation areas; 10 permanent magnets Magnetic area stator core.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

The present invention provides a composite excitation amorphous alloy axial flux motor, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, comprising a combined amorphous alloy stator core, permanent magnet area armature windings, electric excitation area armature windings, and electric excitation Windings, rotor supports, permanent magnets and ferromagnetic poles; it is characterized in that: the combined stator core is divided into three parts in the radial direction, from the inside to the outside are the permanent magnet area stator, the magnetic isolation area, the electric excitation area stator; the armature winding , are located in the stator slots of the permanent magnet area and the electric excitation area, respectively, and the permanent magnets and the ferromagnetic poles correspond to the stator core and the axial direction respectively; the stator core of the electric excitation area has 6*n open slots, and n is a positive integer, There are 5*n ferromagnetic poles in the rotor corresponding to its axial direction; 10*n permanent magnets exist in the rotor in the permanent magnet area;

The electric excitation winding is wound on the stator teeth in the electric excitation area. The motor is composed of three parts: permanent magnet area, magnetic isolation area and electric excitation area along the radial direction. The number of stator slots in the electric excitation area is 6*n, the number of ferromagnetic poles in the rotor is 5*n, and the number of permanent magnet poles in the permanent magnet area is 10*n. The rotor of the motor is a combination of permanent magnet rotor and reluctance rotor. The permanent magnet and the ferromagnetic pole with good magnetic permeability are embedded in the non-magnetic stainless steel rotor bracket.

Described amorphous alloy core manufacturing method is as follows:

According to the required size of the amorphous alloy iron core, the amorphous alloy strip is wound on the mold and shaped and solidified to obtain the stator iron core yoke and teeth respectively. The stator teeth are cut according to the size and fixed to the stator yoke with an abrasive tool. superior. The electric excitation winding is axially juxtaposed with the armature winding in the electric excitation region. When the number of stator slots in the permanent magnet area is reduced to 10*m, the armature windings wound on the teeth of the stator in the permanent magnet area and the stator in the electric excitation area are the same coil. The depth of the stator slot in the electric excitation area is larger than that in the permanent magnet area, and the electric excitation winding is arranged in the slot near the yoke.

The working process of the present invention is as follows:

In the composite excitation amorphous alloy axial flux motor proposed by the present invention, the armature winding of the motor is connected to the AC power supply, and the electric excitation winding is connected to the DC excitation winding. In the permanent magnet area, the armature winding flux links are in the same phase and in the same direction to increase the magnetization. Therefore, the composite-excited amorphous alloy axial flux has the advantage of a high field-weakening speed range.

Conclusion: The composite excitation amorphous alloy axial flux motor of the present invention has the advantages of simple manufacture, low loss, high power density, and wide range of weak field expansion.

Claims (3)

1. The utility model provides a controllable type axial flux motor in mixed magnetic pole magnetic field which characterized in that: comprises two amorphous alloy stators and a rotor arranged between the two stators;

the stator core (1) of the stator part is divided into three parts along the radial direction, namely a permanent magnet region stator core (10), a magnetism isolating region (9) and an electric excitation region stator core (8);

the permanent magnet regional armature winding (2) is arranged on the permanent magnet regional stator core (10); the armature winding (3) of the electric excitation area is arranged on the stator core (8) of the electric excitation area;

a rotor bracket (5) of the rotor part is embedded with a permanent magnet (6) and a ferromagnetic pole (7) which respectively correspond to a permanent magnet regional stator core (10) and an electric excitation regional stator core (8) in the axial direction;

the number of poles of the ferromagnetic pole (7) is 5 x n, and the number of poles of the permanent magnet (6) is 10 x n;

the stator core (8) of the electric excitation area is provided with 6 x n open slots to form a tooth-shaped structure; the armature winding (3) of the electric excitation area is wound on the teeth of the stator core (8) of the electric excitation area.

2. The hybrid pole field-controllable axial flux electric machine of claim 1, wherein: the permanent magnet (6) and the ferromagnetic pole (7) with good magnetic conductivity are embedded in the stainless steel rotor bracket (5) without magnetic conductivity.

3. The hybrid pole field-controllable axial flux electric machine of claim 1, wherein: the groove depth of the stator core (8) in the electric excitation area is greater than that of the stator core (10) in the permanent magnet area, and an electric excitation winding (4) is arranged in the position, close to the yoke, in the groove of the stator core (8) in the electric excitation area.

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