KR19990075159A - Food waste feed method - Google Patents

Abstract

According to the present invention, a method for feed food waste is provided by fermenting the food waste. The food waste feed method includes a pretreatment step, a first fermentation step, and a second fermentation step. The pretreatment process consists of heating the food waste to atherosclerosis, selecting impurities, and alkali treating the fermentation base material. The first fermentation process comprises the steps of injecting microorganisms into the fermentation base material in the fermentation tank, and feeding and mixing fermentation of the food wastes of the bamboo to the fermentation base material. The second fermentation process consists of supplying and mixing nutrients to the material fermented in the first process, and storing the mixed material so that anaerobic fermentation takes place.

Description

Food waste feed method

The present invention relates to a food waste feed method. In particular, the present invention relates to a method of fermenting food waste and fermentation base material, and storing it in Enshireji for feed.

In recent years, the city's population has increased, and many food wastes are emitted from cities. When landfilling this food waste, a large landfill is required. Food waste decomposes to some degree but takes longer. At this time, there is a risk that odor occurs due to corruption, or harmful microorganisms grow and spread. Landfills of food waste in landfills cause significant leachate problems. Leachate rots the soil and causes river pollution. Meanwhile, the food waste may be incinerated with other combustible waste. However, the food waste has a lot of moisture, thereby lowering the incineration temperature, requiring a separate fuel consumption. Incineration at low temperatures generates toxic substances such as dioxins.

There are many ways to feed food waste, but it is expensive to sort out harmful substances, and requires a separate dehydration process or a grinding process. In addition, the fermentation process is not fully utilized. On the other hand, thinning is necessary to care for the forest. At this time, it did not effectively treat thinnings.

The present invention is to solve this problem, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for feed food waste by fermenting the food waste using soil microorganisms.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a food waste disposal method having a low operating cost.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for effectively utilizing agricultural or forestry waste such as rice straw, rice hulls, thinning ash and the like.

1 is a distribution diagram showing a food waste feed method according to the present invention

Figure 2 is a side cross-sectional view of the fermentation tank for fermentation of food waste in accordance with the treatment method of the present invention

Figure 3 is a side view of the sorting device

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

15 fermenter 34 stirring device

39: blower 52: sorter

63: piston

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a food waste feeding method comprising a pretreatment step, a first fermentation step, and a second fermentation step, wherein the pretreatment step is performed by heating food waste to atherosclerosis and selecting impurities. And alkali-treating the fermentation base material, wherein the first fermentation process includes inserting microorganisms into the fermentation base material in the fermentation tank, and feeding and mixing fermentation of atypical food waste into the fermentation base material. And, the second fermentation process provides a food waste feed method comprising the step of supplying and mixing the nutrient material to the material fermented in the first step, and storing the mixed material to cause anaerobic fermentation.

With reference to the drawings for the food waste feed method according to the invention will be described in detail step by step. The food waste feed method consists of a pretreatment step, a first fermentation step and a second fermentation step. Referring to Figure 1, the pre-treatment step, when the food waste is brought in, boils and sorts it to form a food waste of atherosclerosis, treating the fermentation base material with caustic soda, and preparing a soil microbial culture agent Is made of. The first fermentation step comprises the step of fermenting the microbial culture agent to the fermentation base material, and the step of feeding and fermenting the food waste of porridge. In the second fermentation step, the fermented material in the first fermentation step is mixed with food wastes and other nutrients of atherosclerosis and put into silos to store enshirage. Once fed through a second fermentation step, it is taken out of a silo and fed to livestock.

2, there is shown a fermentation tank 15 in which fermentation takes place in a food waste treatment plant. In the fermentation tank 15, the fermentation is performed after the fermentation base material, the microbial culture agent, and the food waste of the atherosclerosis are put. The fermentation tank 15 contains a fermentation base material 29, a microbial culture agent or a food waste 32 of atherosclerosis, and is stirred and fermented by a stirring device 34. The stirring device 34 has a rotary stirring blade 35. One end of the stirring device 34 is equipped with a supply device 72 for supplying food waste of microbial culture or atherosclerosis. The feeder 72 is composed of an input hopper 74 and a spreader 75. Rails (not shown) are installed at upper edges of both sides of the fermentation tank 15. The stirring device 34 reciprocates in the longitudinal direction of the fermentation tank 15 on the rail, mixes and reverses the fermentation base material 29 and the microbial culture agent or the food waste 32 of the atherosclerosis. The fermentation tank 15 is provided with a thermometer capable of measuring the temperature in the fermentation tank. The fermentation tank 15 is provided with a water supply device such as a sprinkler (not shown) to supply water to the fermentation tank by spraying or the like. The water supply device is not limited to the sprinkler, it is also possible to install a separate water supply device in the stirring device.

The vent hole 36 is provided in the bottom of the fermentation tank 15. Alternatively, a blower pipe may be installed to be exposed at the bottom of the fermenter and a hole may be drilled in the pipe to form a blower passage. The vent hole 36 is connected to the blower 39. The vent hole 36 may be connected to an air suction device capable of sucking air in the fermenter through the vent hole 36. The fermentation tank 15 is provided with a door 40 that can block the end of the fermentation tank adjacent to the after-treatment unit. Typically, the size and number of such fermenters 15 depends on the amount of food waste brought in. It is preferable to have two or more fermentation tanks 15, and it is preferable that the height is 1.5 m.

Referring to Figure 3, a sorter 52 is used in the process of the present invention. The sorter 52 has a cylinder 56 with a number of holes 53 to the extent that the atypical food waste can escape. At the top of the cylinder 56 is an inlet 59, and at one end there is an outlet 62. The outlet 62 may open and close if desired. Inside the cylinder 56 is a piston 63. The piston 63 is operated by a drive (not shown), such as a hydraulic system. The selector for carrying out the method according to the invention is not limited thereto. It is also possible to use a device for rotating the cylinder at a high speed with a hole of a suitable size in the cylinder. It is also possible to use a sorter having a rotating cylinder with a hole and a screw inside the cylinder and rotating in the opposite direction of the rotation direction of the cylinder.

1 and 2, the food waste treatment method according to the present invention will be described in detail for each process.

Pretreatment process

1. Food waste atherosclerosis stage

Bring food waste into the treatment plant. Food waste to be brought in may be food waste emitted from a restaurant or a group food service, as well as general households, wastes such as internal organs, blood, wastes of fish, and wastes from a tofu factory. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described disposal of food waste, and can handle any kind of food waste.

Next, boil the food waste. Place food waste in a container and heat it. The boiling vessel is not limited to a particular vessel. It is preferable that the vessel has a stirrer. Since food waste usually has a water content of 80% or more, when it is boiled with stirring, it becomes a food waste of porridge. In this process, food waste is sterilized.

After boiling the food waste, the impurities are sorted out. After the food waste is put into the inlet port 59 of the sorter 52 shown in Fig. 3, the piston 63 is pushed. When the piston 63 moves, the food waste of the atrium flows out into the hole 53 of the cylinder and recovers it. If the piston 63 continues to move forward, all of the atypical food waste flows out and impurities remain. Impurities are usually animal bone, metal, glass, dish pieces, vinyl, and fiber. It is either disposed of or disposed of in a destructible food waste disposal plant. The recovered food wastes of the atherosclerosis are fed to the fermenter in the fermentation stage described below.

2. Preparation of Microbial Culture Agent

In the feed method according to the invention the fermentation process is made using the soil microorganisms. Soil microorganisms are harvested by digging a pit at a point in an uncontaminated soil, preferably an ocher area, and placing the medium there. The medium is 10% by weight of boiled water, 50 to 70% by weight of rice, 15 to 25% by weight of sugar, preferably brown sugar, and 10% by weight of other trace nutrients mixed, boiled and sterilized. do. However, other nutrient media may be used. The medium is placed in a suitable container, covered with paper and placed in a pit for three days. The result is a culture of soil microorganisms at a constant depth from the surface. The water in this culture is controlled to form a powder. A medium for collecting soil microorganisms and a method of collecting the same are not limited thereto. Other known nutrient media may also be used. In addition, the soil of a certain depth from the ground surface may be collected and diluted in distilled water and then cultured in a nutrient medium.

The soil microbial culture obtained above is inoculated in a liquid medium diluted in 500 times of water and shaken and cultured for 24 hours as the soil microbial culture. The microbial culture is evenly mixed and sprayed on the mixed medium. The mixed medium includes rice bran, nutritious organic matter, clam shell mill, ocher, zeolite, activated carbon, phosphate or other minerals. It is preferred that organic and inorganic materials are mixed at a weight ratio of 5: 5. Microbial culture is dispersed in the mixed medium, and cultured for 5 to 10 days while maintaining a temperature of 20 to 50 ℃ to prepare a microbial culture. The prepared microbial culture agent is used in the fermentation process described later.

Materials for the microbial culture agent are not limited to those described above. Rice bran, skim steel, bran, brown sugar may be mixed with a microorganism culture cultured therein. The present invention is not limited to the use of the above-described microbial culture agent, it is also possible to use a culture medium of other microorganisms known to those skilled in the art. The present invention can be used in the present invention as long as the aerobic soil microorganisms and the anaerobic soil microorganisms have a symbiotic relationship.

One method for producing such a microbial culture agent is described in Korean Patent Application No. 97-74851. Microbial cultures prepared by the method disclosed in the patent application can also be used in the feed method according to the present invention, the corresponding part of the specification is part of this specification.

3. Treatment of fermentation base material

The fermentation base material is placed in the fermentation tank shown in FIG. Fermentation base materials are fiber-rich agricultural or forestry by-products that are not contaminated. The fermentation base material uses at least one of cut or crushed rice straw, rice hulls, sawdust, hay, pruned and ground twigs, thinwood, leaves. Preferably, one or two of the fermentation base materials are used. Thinning ash refers to timber produced as a by-product of thinning, which sometimes occurs with forest growth. Such thinning materials can be crushed and used as wood chips or made of sawdust. The fermentation base material acts as a moisture control agent in a fermentation process to be described later, becomes a medium of microorganisms, and decomposes itself into nutrients of livestock.

The fermentation base material is filled in the fermenter 15 so as to have a height of 90 to 140 cm, preferably 120 cm. Sprinkle caustic soda dissolved in caustic soda into the fermentation base material added to the fermenter. A caustic soda solution may be placed next to the fermentation tank 15 to make a caustic solution. It is preferable to sprinkle at the rate of the dissolution liquid which melt | dissolved 2-4 Kg of caustic sodium in 100 Kg of water per 200 Kg of fermentation base materials.

After sprinkling caustic soda solution on the fermentation base material, the mixture is stirred with the agitator and left for 1 to 7 days, preferably 1 to 4 days, more preferably 2 days. At this time, it may be stirred and covered with vinyl or the like. When the caustic soda is sprayed and treated, keratin such as lignin is decomposed and the fermentation base material easily absorbs moisture.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the caustic soda solution is treated, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and other alkaline solution may be used.

First fermentation process

4. Microbial culture agent input and fermentation

The microorganism culture agent prepared above is added to the alkali-treated fermentation base material. Preferably, the microbial culture agent is added at a rate of 10 to 60 Kg, more preferably at a rate of 20 Kg, per 200 Kg of the raw material of the fermentation base material. The microbial culture agent is added and then fermented for 1 to 3 days with stirring. At this time, preferably the water content is 50 to 75% by weight, more preferably maintained to 60%. The temperature in the fermenter is maintained at 20-50 ° C., preferably 30-40 ° C.

5. Food waste input and fermentation

On the fermentation base material 29 of the fermentation tank 15, the food waste 32 of the bamboo waste of food waste is supplied. Food waste is introduced into the spreader 75 in a constant thickness. Preferably, 20-60 kg of food wastes of atherosclerosis per 200 kg of raw materials of a fermentation base material are supplied in the ratio of 40 kg. However, during the fermentation, food wastes of atherosclerosis disappear and can be supplied continuously.

The food waste of the atherosclerosis is added and fermented for 1 to 15 days with stirring. The fermentation period is preferably different depending on the fermentation base material. In the case of rice straw or hay, it is fermented for 1 to 3 days, preferably 2 days. Sawdust, twigs and leaves are fermented for 3 to 10 days, preferably for 7 days. In the case of rice husk, it is fermented for 7 to 20 days, preferably 15 days.

The stirring device 34 stirs and mixes the fermentation base material 29 and the food waste 32 of the atherosclerosis while moving at a speed of 0.5 to 2 m / min, preferably 1 m / min, along the longitudinal direction of the fermenter 15. . At this time, the fermentation base material is stirred, the air amount suitable for fermentation is supplied, and the temperature is controlled.

The fermentation base material 29 and the food waste 32 of the atherosclerosis are fermented by soil microorganisms. When the temperature rises due to fermentation, the water in the food becomes water vapor and is discharged.

When the temperature rises due to the high speed fermentation, the water turns into water vapor so that the water in the fermentation tank is insufficient. In this case, sprinkle the water with a sprinkler to adjust the water content. The water content in the fermenter is maintained at 50 to 75% by weight, preferably 60%. In the fermentation process, sufficient air necessary for the fermentation is supplied through the ventilation holes 36 installed at the bottom of the fermentation tank 15. Blowing is a limited blowing made as needed. Restrictive blowing is repeated intermittently to meet the survival conditions of aerobic and aerobic microorganisms. Alternatively, an air suction device may be used to allow air to flow down the fermenter above the fermenter.

Second fermentation process

6. Nutrients input stage

After fermentation in the first fermentation process, the nutrient material is added thereto. It is preferable that the nutrient material injection is made in the fermentation tank 15. Alternatively it may be made outside the fermentor. Nutrients include food wastes of atherosclerosis, sweet rice flour, rice bran, salt jelly, fishmeal, bone meal, and fossil powder livestock. After the nutrient material is supplied, the mixture is mixed using the stirring device 34 and then removed from the fermentation tank 15. It is better to put as many nutrients as possible, and it is preferable to put them in the ratio of 10-50Kg per 100Kg of the fermented material in the first fermentation process. However, at this time, the water content is 50 to 60%, and when the moisture is excessive, it becomes easy to decay anaerobic fermentation.

7. Storage for Anaerobic Fermentation

The fermentation material into which the nutrient material is added is stored in a silo. Silos are ground or underground silos. When the material is placed in a silo, it is preferable to reintroduce and mix the intermediate medium microbial culture agent. This is because the breathable anaerobic microorganisms may be weakened during the fermentation in the first fermentation process. Preferably it is stored for 30 to 90 days, most preferably for 2 months. It is better to store it for a long time in winter when the temperature is low. Over time, livestock becomes a good feed for fermented cells.

However, the present invention is not limited to storage in silos. Fermented ingredients with nutritional ingredients can be put in a plastic bag and vacuum packed and loaded for fermentation.

8. Supply to livestock

The finished feed is taken from the silo and fed to the livestock. It is desirable to mix and feed the blended feed so that the finished feed is 20-30% by weight. This mixing ratio is added or subtracted from animal to animal.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments of the present invention, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, after the fermentation base material is treated with caustic soda outside the fermentation tank, it may be added to the fermentation tank.

In addition, in the first fermentation step, a known aerobic microorganism and food wastes of atherosclerosis may be added together and mixed fermentation without adding a microbial culture agent.

According to the food waste feed method of the present invention, the food waste can be treated without generating pollution. In addition, food waste can be fermented to make feed for livestock. Since it is boiled and sorted, it is possible to sort out what cannot be fed to livestock and does not require a separate grinder or a precise sorter. Therefore, the operating cost is low, and operation is less likely to be interrupted due to breakdown or the like. By-products are available as quality feeds, making them efficient and ecologically safe. No additional water loss device or drying treatment is required, and no waste water is discharged. As it is a fermentation process by soil microorganisms, odor does not occur during fermentation. According to the present invention, it is possible to effectively use agricultural and forestry wastes such as crests, rice hulls, thinning lumber, and especially thinning lumber that is difficult to move and process.

Claims (6)

As a food waste feed method comprising a pretreatment step, a first fermentation step, and a second fermentation step, The pretreatment process Heating the food waste to atherosclerosis and screening for impurities; Alkali treating the fermentation base material, The first fermentation process Injecting microorganisms into the fermentation base material in the fermentation tank; And feeding and mixing fermentation of food wastes into the fermentation base material, The second fermentation process Supplying and mixing nutrients to the fermented material in the first step; And storing the mixed material such that anaerobic fermentation takes place. The method of claim 1, wherein the microbial input step is made by feeding and fermenting the microbial culture agent. The method of claim 1, wherein the fermentation base material is one of cut or crushed rice straw, rice hull, sawdust, hay, twigs of trees, thinning of forest trees, leaves or pulverized leaves. The method of claim 1, wherein the alkaline treatment step of the fermentation base material is made by mixing and adding caustic soda solution to the fermentation base material. 4. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the step of storing the mixed material, the mixed material is stored in a silo. The method of claim 1, wherein in the storing of the mixed material, the mixed material is placed in a bag and then vacuum-packed and stored.