CN109824395A

CN109824395A - A kind of organic matter aerobic fermentation catalyst

Info

Publication number: CN109824395A
Application number: CN201910244374.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 梁犹钦; 郭子成
Original assignee: Polytron Technologies Xiamen Co Ltd
Current assignee: Polytron Technologies Xiamen Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-03-28
Filing date: 2019-03-28
Publication date: 2019-05-31

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of organic matter aerobic fermentation catalyst, it is added in its organic matter fermentation materials per ton: active carbon 0.5-2Kg, weathered coal 0.8-1.5Kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2-1.5Kg, urea (nitrogenous 46%) 0-5Kg, Em bacterium 3.5-5Kg, brown sugar 1.0-3.5Kg, and application of the organic matter aerobic fermentation catalyst in fruits and vegetables waste dish waste, kitchen garbage, animal wastes processing, it can shorten fermentation period using catalyst of the present invention, promote compost fermentation effect and improve strain survival rate.

Description

A kind of organic matter aerobic fermentation catalyst

Technical field

The present invention relates to biological organic matter aerobic compost fields, and in particular to one kind is used for fruits and vegetables waste dish waste, animal The organic matters aerobic fermentation catalyst such as excrement, kitchen garbage, stalk.

Background technique

Currently, there are a large amount of agricultural waste material, life food garbage and the discharge of livestock and poultry breeding industry excrement in China, these have Machine matter, which is such as dropped without processing, would seriously pollute the environment pollution.Aerobic compost is the main way for handling these organic matters at present Diameter, but there are more problems in composting process, such as composting cycle is long, composting process stink is big, fermenting microbe survival rate is low Problems.

Summary of the invention

In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide one kind can shorten fermentation period, promotes compost fermentation Effect and the organic matter aerobic fermentation catalyst for improving strain survival rate.

To achieve the goals above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:

A kind of organic matter aerobic fermentation catalyst includes: organic matter fermentation materials addition per ton: active carbon 0.5-2Kg, wind Change coal 0.8-1.5Kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2-1.5Kg, urea (nitrogenous 46%) 0-5Kg, Em bacterium 3.5-5Kg, brown sugar 1.0- 3.5Kg。

Another object of the present invention is application of the organic matter aerobic fermentation catalyst in fruits and vegetables waste dish garbage disposal.

A further object of the present invention is application of the organic matter aerobic fermentation catalyst in kitchen garbage processing.

Another object of the present invention is application of the organic matter aerobic fermentation catalyst in animal wastes garbage disposal.

The Em bacterium can be lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, saccharomycete, actinomyces, one kind of acetic acid bacteria or two kinds or more Mixture.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

In the case where using fermentation catalyst of the present invention, the fermentation materials heating-up time is shorter, and fermentation period can shorten 30% More than；And catalyst of the present invention provides a large amount of sugar and microelement, microorganism nutriment is sufficient, greatly improves and connects for the first time The survival rate of kind, the primary vaccination death rate reduce 20-40%.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is that fermentation catalyst fermentation material material heap thermogram is not added.

Fig. 2 is that fermentation catalyst post-fermentation material heap thermogram of the present invention is added.

Specific embodiment

In order to achieve the above object with effect, technical solution of the present invention is further understood, following spy enumerates preferable implementation Example, and be described in detail below:

Embodiment 1: waste dish rubbish dry method fermentation

Waste dish rubbish, such as Chinese cabbage, bamboo shoot leaf, cabbage Green leaf vegetable (other class vegetables such as potato, sweet potato, celery, capsicum No more than 10%, 20%) fruit waste content is no more than, specific implementation step is as follows:

1, prepare material to be fermented, main material A: waste dish rubbish (predominantly various vegetables dish leafs, fruit etc.), adminicle Expect B: stalk powder (or thin sawdust, peanut shell powder, wheat bran etc.), catalyst C；

2, catalyst preparation:

The present embodiment catalyst formulation table such as table one (waste dish rubbish additive amount per ton):

Table one:

Classification

Active carbon

Weathered coal

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate

Urea

Em bacterium

Brown sugar

Model

200-300

200 mesh

50-100 mesh

Containing N > 46%

Liquid opportunistic pathogen

Powder

Additive amount

1Kg

0.8Kg

0.5Kg

2.5Kg

5Kg

3.5Kg

The preparation process of catalyst:

(1), first active carbon and Em strain are mixed, stirs evenly that (strain can be solid, be also possible to liquid Body), brown sugar is then added, stirs, brown sugar particle is smaller；Em strain can be lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, yeast The mixture of bacterium, actinomyces, one kind of acetic acid bacteria or two kinds or more；

(2), urea and weathered coal are mixed evenly；

(3), two kinds of mixtures of step (1) and step (2) are mixed, after mixing evenly, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stirring is added Uniformly, above procedure not add water, be mixed according to dry ratio；

(4), pure water is added, temperature is advisable between 40-45 DEG C, stir into flow-like (moisture is not counted in leavening gross weight, Primarily to soluble substance is allowed sufficiently to dissolve mixing, moisture is provided to strain), while being used convenient for the later period.

(5), after mixing evenly, catalyst is ready, and catalyst generally requires to have used in 7-10 days, cannot place Too long, otherwise because of nutrient limitation, it is dead that a large amount of microorganisms be will cause.

3, waste dish is handled: big part high molecule plastic and masonry sundries in removal material A, mainly various packing plastics Bag, mesh bag, masonry block etc., waste dish are crushed fineness preferably between 10-50mm, go beyond the scope a little, will not influence too much to fermentation；

4, supplies B and catalyst C are pre-mixed, are stirred evenly；

5, material A is added in blender, the mixture of supplies B and catalyst C is added in material A, is constantly stirred It mixes, until the whole water content of mixture is between 55-60%；

6, continue uniform stirring 5-8 minutes, until temperature reaches 35-40 DEG C, if temperature cannot reach 35-40 DEG C, stir Mixing chain trigger bottom can be used double-layer structure, and inside is passed through hot steam or hot water stops stirring；

7, the above-mentioned material being stirred is sent into fermentation tank (or in other containers), laying depth is maximum in fermentation tank No more than 2.5m；

8, after being laid with, from the 5th hour, start to supply oxygen, fermentation trench bottom has microcellular structure, and high pressure gas can be emitted from micropore Out, oxygen needed for fermenting is supplied, can also be intubated using porous oxygen supply, is inserted into from stack layers top, is supplied oxygen from upper end；

9, it is left to ferment, supplies oxygen and supplied oxygen for continous way, early period, intensity was lower, and when temperature is more than 60 DEG C, oxygen supply intensity increases Greatly, extra heat is taken away by powerful air-flow and vapor, makes material maximum temperature no more than 65 DEG C, more otherwise Strain can be because of high temperature death or suspend mode；

10, primary every turning in 10 days or so, in order to make material mixing more uniform, while material fermentation being avoided to collapse, Internal voids are caused to reduce；

11, temperature is minimum is not less than 55 degrees Celsius, when lower, should suitably reduce aeration quantity, or be changed to intermittent aeration Oxygen supply；

12, it ferments 20-35 days.Traditional zymotic process generally about needs can just be warming up to 35-40 DEG C within 4-7 days early period, this reality Applying example only needs 3-4 degree/day just to can reach 35-40 DEG C, can shorten 30% or more fermentation period.

Embodiment 2: waste dish rubbish wet-fermentation

1, prepare material to be fermented, main material A, supplies B is the same as embodiment 1；

2, the present embodiment catalyst formulation table such as table two (waste dish rubbish additive amount per ton):

Table two:

Classification

Active carbon

Weathered coal

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate

Urea

Em bacterium

Brown sugar

Model

200-300

200 mesh

50-100 mesh

Containing N > 46%

Liquid opportunistic pathogen

Powder

Additive amount

0.5Kg

1.0Kg

1.5Kg

4-5Kg

3.5Kg

2.5Kg

The above dispensing information:

(1), active carbon is microbial inoculum breeding attachment carrier, and weathered coal offer initial stage is some than the support of relatively straightforward carbon source, together Shi Zuowei humic acid facilitates the direct use of some microorganisms.

(2), potassium dihydrogen phosphate to strain provide microelement while, also as finally ferment after material a part of nothing Machine salt nutrient exists, for adjusting the too low problem of nutrient.

(3), urea additional amount according to the type of vegetables judge, be added 4-5kg, if fiber-like vegetables are excessive, as celery, Leek, bamboo shoot leaf etc. can suitably add the nitrogen element content that the inside is adjusted into some urea；If as Chinese cabbage, cabbage etc. are aqueous Measure it is higher based on, then it is appropriate less plus urea, should add at this time into brown sugar content and weathered coal quantity, according to the width of 20-30% Degree increases, i.e., increases 20-30% in the data basis listed by upper table material.

(4), microbial inoculum is mix bacterium agent, and ingredient is as follows: lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, saccharomycete, actinomyces, acetic acid bacteria are at least Two kinds or more of mixture:

(5), brown sugar needs are slightly added in the biggish vegetable castoff of water content into supplement glucide.

The preparation of catalyst C: first active carbon and brown sugar, weathered coal are sufficiently stirred, then add potassium dihydrogen phosphate with Em bacterium, is sufficiently mixed；It is eventually adding urea, and is sufficiently stirred, it is black solid material after mixing that this process, which is dry matter, Sterile water (without disinfectant and miscellaneous bacteria) is sprayed into again, adjusts humidity between 40-50.

16-24 hour (time in summer is shorter) is stood, giving the strain sufficient time allows its attachment is parasitic to arrive absorbent charcoal carrier Above.

2, waste dish is handled: removing big part high molecule plastic and the masonry sundries in main material A, mainly various packing plastics Bag, mesh bag, masonry block etc., are then adequately crushed, and Particle size requirements are less than 10mm (more as small as possible), then use tap water Solid content is adjusted in 8-10%；

3, the higher leafy vegetable of moisture content such as main material A Chinese cabbage/cabbage in this way, such as the farm of plantation leaf vegetables, then Supplies B need to be added；If it is the mixed greens of the collections such as food market, because containing other lower vegetables of class moisture content, then It is not required to additionally incorporate supplies B.Main material A and the overall moisture content of supplies B mixture control between 55-60%, It is added in fermenting case, is slowly stirred, prevent precipitating or surface flotation slagging, fermenting case bottom from having heating device for coil, it can be with It is heated to material is fermented, then fermentation catalyst C is added to 35 DEG C in heating temperature, and stir evenly；

4, fermentation bottom of pond portion has oxygen supply aerated conduit, since inoculation, just carries out oxygen supply aeration, guarantees to fill in fermentation materials The oxygen content of foot；Since vegetables are generally more fresh, after crushing, pH value generally all between 6-7.5, is more suitable for, this stage Without adjustment；

5, it ferments 15-20 days, fermentation materials color is slowly transformed into yellow green, then turns from incipient bottle green Become celadon, and then arrive brown, finally arrives taupe, black, whole process lasted between 30-35 days.Whole process carries out Moderate heating, guarantees the abundant decomposition of fermentation materials, and straw powder and vegetable fibers substance, glucide require to be converted to corruption Matter is grown, pH value generally can be between 6.5-7 at this time, and entire fermentation process pH value measures daily all 5.0 or more, if It was found that pH value is lower, then need to reinforce to be aerated (supply of oxygen) operation, excessive oxygen can inhibit acid bacteria movable, have Help the activity of aerobic microbiological.

Guarantee that oxygen supply is sufficient in wet-fermentation method, pH value generally changes between 5.0-8.0, first drops and rise afterwards, substantially surely It is fixed, to the fermentation later period, the material of liquid state fermentation other than color change, smell also can by it is incipient smell as of rotten fish it is light to the later period Earthy Taste is mingled with faint excrement stink.

Embodiment 3: kitchen garbage fermentation

Kitchen garbage water content is higher, and about 90% or so, and the content of organic matter is higher.Due to kitchen garbage contain it is higher Salinity and the dry substance mixture of higher concentration will cause the death of a large amount of strains if being directly added into strain, expection be not achieved Effect, therefore the Em strain in the present embodiment need to carry out domestication culture, to improve the adaptability of strain in catalyst.Em bacterium Kind domestication incubation step are as follows:

The catalyst formulation table such as table three (kitchen garbage additive amount per ton) that domestication culture uses:

Table three:

Classification

Active carbon

Weathered coal

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate

Urea

Em bacterium

Brown sugar

Model

200-300

200 mesh

50-100 mesh

Containing N > 46%

Liquid opportunistic pathogen

Powder

Additive amount

1Kg

0.8Kg

0.5Kg

1.5Kg

5Kg

2.0Kg

1, prepare kitchen garbage material: suitably drainage being carried out to the kitchen garbage that catering trade collection comes and filters out grease, And control water content 80% or so, obtain the main material A of kitchen garbage；Prepare supplies B: using stalk powder or jig saw End, peanut shell powder, wheat bran etc. are used as supplies B.

2, prepare to tame and docile the catalyst that culture needs: after mixing by Em bacterium and brown sugar, active carbon and weathering is then added Coal adds potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea is mixed thoroughly.

3, the one third quality of the main material A of kitchen and the mixture of supplies B is added in the catalyst for mixing step 2 In stir evenly, carry out domestication culture, cultivation temperature is 35-40 DEG C；Continuously add within second day the main material A of kitchen and supplies The one third of B mixture；It is further continued for that the main material A of kitchen and the remaining one third of supplies B mixture is added every other day.Training Domestication culture is completed after supporting 3-5 days, is classified for subsequent kitchen garbage.The additional amount of catalyst in above-mentioned domestication incubation For the 7-10% of the main material A of kitchen and the amount of the mixture of supplies B.

Em bacterium can be the mixed of lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, saccharomycete, actinomyces, one kind of acetic acid bacteria or two kinds or more Close object.

If kitchen garbage processing continuous production, in subsequent kitchen garbage treatment process, without domestication culture bacterium again Kind, the strain after domestication culture retains in the fermenter, kitchen material to be treated only need to be added, through required by everfermentation The rubbish after handling well is extracted from tank tail after time.If fermentor needs to overhaul or stop work a period of time, need to tame and docile again Change cultivation and fermentation catalyst.

Kitchen garbage fermentation step:

1, prepare kitchen garbage material to be fermented: kitchen garbage being subjected to drainage appropriate and filters out grease, it will be aqueous Amount control obtains the main material A of kitchen garbage 80% or so；Supplies B is the same as embodiment 1；Catalyst C is formulated with table 3, catalyst The mixing step of C is the same as catalyst strain domestication incubation step.

2, supplies B is mixed with catalyst C, the main material A of kitchen garbage is added after mixing within 12-16 hours, fills Divide after mixing, ferment tank is added, whole during fermentation to supply oxygen, sufficient oxygen content, fermentation temperature in guarantee fermentation materials Not less than 55 DEG C, fermentation period is 25-30 days, can shorten 30% or more fermentation period.

Embodiment 4: animal wastes fermentation

Due to containing more pathogenic microorganism in animal wastes, the strain in these pathogenic microorganisms and catalyst exists Competitive relation is similarly also required to carry out strain domestication culture so animal wastes are fermented, to improve the suitable of strain in catalyst It should be able to power.

Animal wastes pretreatment:

Farm's animal wastes are typically all the product after washing, and at flow regime, therefore moisture content is higher, is not easy to send out Ferment need to be stood 2-3 days, then precipitation solid detaches supernatant liquor, extract the sediment of bottom out with Pulp pump, by solid Liquid separator is dehydrated, then is squeezed by pressafiner, by the control of animal wastes water content between 60-65%.

Dewatered animal wastes are dried in place, and paving thickness is no more than 5cm, and main purpose is to utilize sun line It is sterilized, while suitably reducing water content.After sunning, the water content control of animal wastes is pre-processed 50% or so It finishes.

If can with due regard to be sterilized using modes such as gamma rays without sunning field, the ray of few dosage will not Material is had an impact, there will not be defective material.

It is crushed by above-mentioned pretreated excrement dry matter, size controlling is obtained to main material A between 8-12mm. The processing of supplies B is the same as embodiment 1.

After animal wastes are by the sterilizing of early period and moisture regulation pretreatment, the additional proportion of supplies B needs basis Depending on the classification of animal wastes, such as chicken manure, supplies B additional proportion are the 40%-45% or so of main material A；Pig manure is 30% or so；Cow dung and sheep dung additional amount are between 15-20%.

Supplies B is added can reduce the water content of excrement later, be unfavorable for strain fermentation, it is pre- excrement can be added at this time The supernatant detached in treatment process is for adjusting moisture content between 55-60%, while uniform stirring.

Strain domestication incubation step:

The catalyst formulation of strain domestication culture such as table four (soiled litter additive amount per ton):

Table four:

Classification	Active carbon	Weathered coal	Potassium dihydrogen phosphate	Em bacterium	Brown sugar
						Model	200-300	200 mesh	50-100 mesh	Liquid opportunistic pathogen	Powder
Additive amount	2Kg	1.5Kg	0.2Kg	5Kg	1.0Kg

1, the component in table four is uniformly mixed, supplies B is then added and is sufficiently mixed.

2,7-10 equal portions will be equally divided by the main material A for pre-processing and crushing.

3, the 1 main material A of equal portions is added in the mixture of catalyst and supplies B, stands 3 days, then stirs evenly； Later every two days 1 equal portions of addition, start until being added the 5th part, and 1 equal portions of daily addition are finished until whole addition, entire domestication Phase terminates, and remains big 40 DEG C or so in domestication process temperature.

The additional amount of catalyst is the mixture of animal wastes main material A and supplies B in above-mentioned domestication incubation The 5-8% of total amount.

Animal wastes fermentation:

1, the pretreatment of the main material A of animal wastes is with strain domestication culture in embodiment 4:

2, each component of catalyst C is uniformly mixed by table four, supplies B mixing is then added；

3, the mixture of step 2 is added in main material A, is then sufficiently stirred, excrement is added while stirring and pre-processes ring The supernatant generated is saved, adjusts moisture content between 55-60%；

4, it after being sufficiently mixed stirring, stacks and enters in fermentation tank, can be cement tub, can also be other Zymolysis Equipment, heap Height is no more than 2.5m.

5, fermentation trench bottom must have high pressure aeration hole, be used for oxygen supply；At fermentation 4-6 days, carried out with turning device It is primary to break up stirring for turning；Then go deep within every 3 days turning, stirring is primary, and the intracorporal temperature of heap is no more than 65 degrees Celsius, otherwise Oxygen supply or turning, stirring are increased to reduce temperature；

6, after fermenting, heap temperature is no more than 45 DEG C, and entire fermentation time needs 45 days or so.

Existing normal trash processing fermentation process needs 4-7 days temperature just to start to slowly rise to up to 40-45 DEG C；It uses After catalyst of the present invention, the heating-up time can shorten 2-3 days, can reach the mutually synthermal of normal fermentation method at 2-4 days, ferment 5th degree/day can reach 40-50 DEG C, and fermentation period can shorten 30% or more.If Fig. 1 is that fermentation catalyst is not used normally to send out The material heap thermogram of ferment；Fig. 2 is using the fermentation material material heap thermogram after catalyst of the present invention.Wherein T_maxFor The maximum temperature of same day measurement, T_minFor the minimum temperature of same day measurement, T_AFor average degree/day, measurement method is daily daytime It is primary every measurement in 2 hours.As can be seen from the figure；Strain (is sentenced from the temperature of fermentation heap body reaching identical active degree It is disconnected), using fermentation catalyst of the present invention, the heating-up time is shorter, and heats up faster (curve is more precipitous).

In addition, catalyst of the present invention provides a large amount of sugar and microelement, microorganism nutriment is sufficient, greatly improves The survival rate of primary vaccination, the primary vaccination death rate reduce 20-40%.

Claims

1. a kind of organic matter aerobic fermentation catalyst is, characterized by comprising: organic matter fermentation materials per ton add: active carbon 0.5-2Kg, weathered coal 0.8-1.5Kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2-1.5Kg, urea (nitrogenous 46%) 0-5Kg, Em bacterium 3.5-5Kg, Brown sugar 1.0-3.5Kg.

2. application of the organic matter aerobic fermentation catalyst as described in claim 1 in fruits and vegetables waste dish garbage disposal.

3. application of the organic matter aerobic fermentation catalyst as described in claim 1 in kitchen garbage processing.

4. application of the organic matter aerobic fermentation catalyst as described in claim 1 in animal wastes processing.

5. organic matter aerobic fermentation catalyst as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the Em bacterium can be lactic acid bacteria, The mixture of bacillus, saccharomycete, actinomyces, one kind of acetic acid bacteria or two kinds or more.